{ "verseID": "1 Samuel.13.1", "source": "בֶּן־שָׁנָ֖ה שָׁא֣וּל בְּמָלְכ֑וֹ וּשְׁתֵּ֣י שָׁנִ֔ים מָלַ֖ךְ עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃", "text": "*ben-šānâ* *šāʾûl* in *mālĕkô* and *šĕtê šānîm* *mālak* over-*yiśrāʾēl*", "grammar": { "*ben-šānâ*": "construct state - son of year/one year old", "*šāʾûl*": "proper noun, subject - Saul", "*bĕmālĕkô*": "preposition + infinitive construct with 3ms suffix - in his becoming king/when he began to reign", "*šĕtê*": "construct state, feminine dual - two", "*šānîm*": "feminine plural - years", "*mālak*": "qal perfect, 3ms - he reigned/ruled", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel" }, "variants": { "*ben-šānâ*": "son of a year/one year old/[textual difficulty exists in this verse]", "*mālĕkô*": "his becoming king/his kingship/his reign", "*mālak*": "reigned/ruled/was king" } }

{ "verseID": "1 Samuel.13.2", "source": "וַיִּבְחַר־ל֨וֹ שָׁא֜וּל שְׁלֹ֣שֶׁת אֲלָפִים֮ מִיִּשְׂרָאֵל֒ וַיִּהְי֨וּ עִם־שָׁא֜וּל אַלְפַּ֗יִם בְּמִכְמָשׂ֙ וּבְהַ֣ר בֵּֽית־אֵ֔ל וְאֶ֗לֶף הָיוּ֙ עִם־י֣וֹנָתָ֔ן בְּגִבְעַ֖ת בִּנְיָמִ֑ין וְיֶ֣תֶר הָעָ֔ם שִׁלַּ֖ח אִ֥ישׁ לְאֹהָלָֽיו׃", "text": "*wayyiḇḥar-lô* *šāʾûl* *šĕlōšet* *ʾălāp̄îm* from-*yiśrāʾēl* *wayyihyû* with-*šāʾûl* *ʾalpayim* in-*mikmāś* and-in-*har bêt-ʾēl* and-*ʾelep̄* *hāyû* with-*yônātān* in-*giḇʿat* *binyāmîn* and-*yeter* *hāʿām* *šillaḥ* *ʾîš* to-*ʾōhālāyw*", "grammar": { "*wayyiḇḥar-lô*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3ms with dative suffix - and he chose for himself", "*šāʾûl*": "proper noun, subject - Saul", "*šĕlōšet*": "construct state - three", "*ʾălāp̄îm*": "masculine plural - thousands", "*wayyihyû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3mp - and they were", "*ʾalpayim*": "masculine dual - two thousand", "*ʾelep̄*": "masculine singular - thousand", "*hāyû*": "qal perfect, 3cp - they were", "*šillaḥ*": "piel perfect, 3ms - he sent away", "*ʾîš*": "masculine singular - each man" }, "variants": { "*šillaḥ*": "sent away/dismissed/let go", "*ʾîš*": "each man/each one/individually" } }

{ "verseID": "1 Samuel.13.3", "source": "וַיַּ֣ךְ יוֹנָתָ֗ן אֵ֣ת נְצִ֤יב פְּלִשְׁתִּים֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּגֶ֔בַע וַֽיִּשְׁמְע֖וּ פְּלִשְׁתִּ֑ים וְשָׁאוּל֩ תָּקַ֨ע בַּשּׁוֹפָ֤ר בְּכָל־הָאָ֙רֶץ֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר יִשְׁמְע֖וּ הָעִבְרִֽים׃", "text": "*wayyak* *yônātān* *ʾēt* *nĕṣîḇ* *pĕlištîm* which in-*geḇaʿ* *wayyišmĕʿû* *pĕlištîm* and-*šāʾûl* *tāqaʿ* in-*šôp̄ār* in-all-*hāʾāreṣ* *lēmōr* *yišmĕʿû* *hāʿiḇrîm*", "grammar": { "*wayyak*": "waw consecutive + hiphil imperfect, 3ms - and he struck/attacked", "*yônātān*": "proper noun, subject - Jonathan", "*ʾēt*": "direct object marker", "*nĕṣîḇ*": "masculine singular construct - garrison/outpost", "*pĕlištîm*": "proper noun, masculine plural - Philistines", "*wayyišmĕʿû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3mp - and they heard", "*tāqaʿ*": "qal perfect, 3ms - he blew", "*šôp̄ār*": "masculine singular - ram's horn/trumpet", "*lēmōr*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - saying", "*yišmĕʿû*": "qal imperfect, 3mp - let them hear/they shall hear" }, "variants": { "*nĕṣîḇ*": "garrison/outpost/pillar/officer", "*tāqaʿ*": "blew/sounded/trumpeted", "*hāʿiḇrîm*": "the Hebrews/the Israelites" } }

{ "verseID": "1 Samuel.13.4", "source": "וְכָל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֞ל שָׁמְע֣וּ לֵאמֹ֗ר הִכָּ֤ה שָׁאוּל֙ אֶת־נְצִ֣יב פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים וְגַם־נִבְאַשׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בַּפְּלִשְׁתִּ֑ים וַיִּצָּעֲק֥וּ הָעָ֛ם אַחֲרֵ֥י שָׁא֖וּל הַגִּלְגָּֽל׃", "text": "And-all-*yiśrāʾēl* *šāmĕʿû* *lēmōr* *hikkâ* *šāʾûl* *ʾet*-*nĕṣîḇ* *pĕlištîm* and-also-*niḇʾaš* *yiśrāʾēl* in-*pĕlištîm* *wayyiṣṣāʿăqû* *hāʿām* after *šāʾûl* *haggilgāl*", "grammar": { "*šāmĕʿû*": "qal perfect, 3cp - they heard", "*lēmōr*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - saying", "*hikkâ*": "hiphil perfect, 3ms - he struck/attacked", "*niḇʾaš*": "niphal perfect, 3ms - became odious/was abhorred", "*wayyiṣṣāʿăqû*": "waw consecutive + niphal imperfect, 3mp - and they were called together/gathered" }, "variants": { "*niḇʾaš*": "became odious/was abhorred/had become hated/stank in the nostrils of", "*wayyiṣṣāʿăqû*": "were called together/were summoned/gathered themselves" } }

{ "verseID": "1 Samuel.13.5", "source": "וּפְלִשְׁתִּ֞ים נֶאֶסְפ֣וּ ׀ לְהִלָּחֵ֣ם עִם־יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל שְׁלֹשִׁ֨ים אֶ֤לֶף רֶ֙כֶב֙ וְשֵׁ֤שֶׁת אֲלָפִים֙ פָּרָשִׁ֔ים וְעָ֕ם כַּח֛וֹל אֲשֶׁ֥ר עַל־שְׂפַֽת־הַיָּ֖ם לָרֹ֑ב וַֽיַּעֲלוּ֙ וַיַּחֲנ֣וּ בְמִכְמָ֔שׂ קִדְמַ֖ת בֵּ֥ית אָֽוֶן׃", "text": "And-*pĕlištîm* *neʾesp̄û* to-*hillāḥēm* with-*yiśrāʾēl* *šĕlōšîm* *ʾelep̄* *rekeḇ* and-*šēšet* *ʾălāp̄îm* *pārāšîm* and-*ʿām* like-*ḥôl* which on-*śĕp̄at*-*hayyām* for-*rōḇ* *wayyaʿălû* *wayyaḥănû* in-*mikmās* *qidmat* *bêt* *ʾāwen*", "grammar": { "*neʾesp̄û*": "niphal perfect, 3cp - they gathered themselves/were assembled", "*hillāḥēm*": "niphal infinitive construct - to fight/to wage war", "*šĕlōšîm*": "cardinal number - thirty", "*ʾelep̄*": "masculine singular - thousand", "*rekeḇ*": "collective noun - chariots", "*šēšet*": "construct state - six", "*ʾălāp̄îm*": "masculine plural - thousands", "*pārāšîm*": "masculine plural - horsemen/cavalry", "*ʿām*": "masculine singular - people/troops", "*ḥôl*": "masculine singular - sand", "*śĕp̄at*": "construct state - shore/lip", "*hayyām*": "definite article + masculine singular - the sea", "*rōḇ*": "masculine singular - abundance/multitude", "*wayyaʿălû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3mp - and they went up", "*wayyaḥănû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3mp - and they encamped" }, "variants": { "*pārāšîm*": "horsemen/cavalry/charioteers", "*qidmat*": "east of/in front of/before" } }

{ "verseID": "1 Samuel.13.6", "source": "וְאִ֨ישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֤ל רָאוּ֙ כִּ֣י צַר־ל֔וֹ כִּ֥י נִגַּ֖שׂ הָעָ֑ם וַיִּֽתְחַבְּא֣וּ הָעָ֗ם בַּמְּעָר֤וֹת וּבַֽחֲוָחִים֙ וּבַסְּלָעִ֔ים וּבַצְּרִחִ֖ים וּבַבֹּרֽוֹת׃", "text": "And-*ʾîš* *yiśrāʾēl* *rāʾû* that *ṣar*-to-him for *niggaś* *hāʿām* *wayyitḥabbĕʾû* *hāʿām* in-*hammĕʿārôt* and-in-*ḥăwāḥîm* and-in-*sĕlāʿîm* and-in-*ṣĕriḥîm* and-in-*bōrôt*", "grammar": { "*ʾîš*": "collective singular - men/people of", "*rāʾû*": "qal perfect, 3cp - they saw", "*ṣar*": "qal perfect, 3ms - was distressed/in distress", "*niggaś*": "niphal perfect, 3ms - was hard pressed/oppressed", "*wayyitḥabbĕʾû*": "waw consecutive + hithpael imperfect, 3mp - and they hid themselves", "*hammĕʿārôt*": "definite article + feminine plural - the caves", "*ḥăwāḥîm*": "masculine plural - thickets/thornbushes", "*sĕlāʿîm*": "masculine plural - rocks/cliffs", "*ṣĕriḥîm*": "masculine plural - fissures/high places", "*bōrôt*": "masculine plural - pits/cisterns" }, "variants": { "*ṣar*": "distress/trouble/narrow place", "*niggaś*": "hard pressed/oppressed/driven", "*ṣĕriḥîm*": "fissures/towers/high places", "*ḥăwāḥîm*": "thickets/thornbushes/hiding places" } }

{ "verseID": "1 Samuel.13.7", "source": "וְעִבְרִ֗ים עָֽבְרוּ֙ אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּ֔ן אֶ֥רֶץ גָּ֖ד וְגִלְעָ֑ד וְשָׁאוּל֙ עוֹדֶ֣נּוּ בַגִּלְגָּ֔ל וְכָל־הָעָ֖ם חָרְד֥וּ אַחֲרָֽיו׃", "text": "And-*ʿiḇrîm* *ʿāḇrû* *ʾet*-*hayyardēn* *ʾereṣ* *gād* and-*gilʿād* and-*šāʾûl* *ʿôdennû* in-*gilgāl* and-all-*hāʿām* *ḥārdû* after-him", "grammar": { "*ʿiḇrîm*": "masculine plural - Hebrews", "*ʿāḇrû*": "qal perfect, 3cp - they crossed", "*hayyardēn*": "definite article + proper noun - the Jordan", "*ʾereṣ*": "construct state - land of", "*ʿôdennû*": "adverb + 3ms suffix - still he/he was still", "*ḥārdû*": "qal perfect, 3cp - they trembled/were afraid" }, "variants": { "*ʿiḇrîm*": "Hebrews/some Israelites", "*ḥārdû*": "trembled/were afraid/followed with fear" } }

{ "verseID": "1 Samuel.13.8", "source": "*וייחל **וַיּ֣וֹחֶל ׀ שִׁבְעַ֣ת יָמִ֗ים לַמּוֹעֵד֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר שְׁמוּאֵ֔ל וְלֹא־בָ֥א שְׁמוּאֵ֖ל הַגִּלְגָּ֑ל וַיָּ֥פֶץ הָעָ֖ם מֵעָלָֽיו׃", "text": "*wayyôḥel* *šiḇʿat* *yāmîm* to-*hammôʿēd* which *šĕmûʾēl* and-not-*bāʾ* *šĕmûʾēl* *haggilgāl* *wayyāp̄eṣ* *hāʿām* from-upon-him", "grammar": { "*wayyôḥel*": "waw consecutive + hiphil imperfect, 3ms - and he waited", "*šiḇʿat*": "construct state - seven", "*yāmîm*": "masculine plural - days", "*hammôʿēd*": "definite article + masculine singular - the appointed time", "*bāʾ*": "qal perfect, 3ms - he came", "*wayyāp̄eṣ*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3ms - and he scattered/dispersed" }, "variants": { "*wayyôḥel*": "waited/tarried/delayed", "*môʿēd*": "appointed time/set time/place of meeting", "*wayyāp̄eṣ*": "scattered/dispersed/began to disperse" } }

{ "verseID": "1 Samuel.13.9", "source": "וַיֹּ֣אמֶר שָׁא֔וּל הַגִּ֣שׁוּ אֵלַ֔י הָעֹלָ֖ה וְהַשְּׁלָמִ֑ים וַיַּ֖עַל הָעֹלָֽה׃", "text": "*wayyōʾmer* *šāʾûl* *haggišû* to-me *hāʿōlâ* and-*haššĕlāmîm* *wayyaʿal* *hāʿōlâ*", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3ms - and he said", "*haggišû*": "hiphil imperative, 2mp - bring", "*hāʿōlâ*": "definite article + feminine singular - the burnt offering", "*haššĕlāmîm*": "definite article + masculine plural - the peace offerings", "*wayyaʿal*": "waw consecutive + hiphil imperfect, 3ms - and he offered up" }, "variants": { "*haggišû*": "bring/bring near/present", "*hāʿōlâ*": "burnt offering/whole offering", "*haššĕlāmîm*": "peace offerings/fellowship offerings" } }

{ "verseID": "1 Samuel.13.10", "source": "וַיְהִ֗י כְּכַלֹּתוֹ֙ לְהַעֲל֣וֹת הָעֹלָ֔ה וְהִנֵּ֥ה שְׁמוּאֵ֖ל בָּ֑א וַיֵּצֵ֥א שָׁא֛וּל לִקְרָאת֖וֹ לְבָרֲכֽוֹ׃", "text": "*wayĕhî* when-*kallōtô* to-*haʿălôt* *hāʿōlâ* and-behold *šĕmûʾēl* *bāʾ* *wayyēṣēʾ* *šāʾûl* to-*qirʾātô* to-*bārăkô*", "grammar": { "*wayĕhî*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3ms - and it happened/came to pass", "*kallōtô*": "piel infinitive construct + 3ms suffix - his finishing", "*haʿălôt*": "hiphil infinitive construct - to offer up", "*bāʾ*": "qal perfect, 3ms - came/was coming", "*wayyēṣēʾ*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3ms - and he went out", "*qirʾātô*": "qal infinitive construct + 3ms suffix - to meet him", "*bārăkô*": "piel infinitive construct + 3ms suffix - to bless him" }, "variants": { "*kallōtô*": "his finishing/completing/ending", "*qirʾātô*": "to meet him/to greet him" } }

{ "verseID": "1 Samuel.13.11", "source": "וַיֹּ֥אמֶר שְׁמוּאֵ֖ל מֶ֣ה עָשִׂ֑יתָ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר שָׁא֡וּל כִּֽי־רָאִיתִי֩ כִֽי־נָפַ֨ץ הָעָ֜ם מֵעָלַ֗י וְאַתָּה֙ לֹא־בָ֙אתָ֙ לְמוֹעֵ֣ד הַיָּמִ֔ים וּפְלִשְׁתִּ֖ים נֶאֱסָפִ֥ים מִכְמָֽשׂ׃", "text": "*wayyōʾmer* *šĕmûʾēl* what *ʿāśîtā* *wayyōʾmer* *šāʾûl* for-*rāʾîtî* that-*nāp̄aṣ* *hāʿām* from-upon-me and-you not-*bāʾtā* to-*môʿēd* *hayyāmîm* and-*pĕlištîm* *neʾĕsāp̄îm* *mikmās*", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3ms - and he said", "*ʿāśîtā*": "qal perfect, 2ms - you have done", "*rāʾîtî*": "qal perfect, 1cs - I saw", "*nāp̄aṣ*": "qal perfect, 3ms - scattered/dispersed", "*bāʾtā*": "qal perfect, 2ms - you came", "*môʿēd*": "masculine singular construct - appointed time of", "*hayyāmîm*": "definite article + masculine plural - the days", "*neʾĕsāp̄îm*": "niphal participle, masculine plural - gathering themselves" }, "variants": { "*nāp̄aṣ*": "scattered/dispersed/was dispersing", "*môʿēd hayyāmîm*": "appointed time of the days/set time/appointed days" } }

{ "verseID": "1 Samuel.13.12", "source": "וָאֹמַ֗ר עַ֠תָּה יֵרְד֨וּ פְלִשְׁתִּ֤ים אֵלַי֙ הַגִּלְגָּ֔ל וּפְנֵ֥י יְהוָ֖ה לֹ֣א חִלִּ֑יתִי וָֽאֶתְאַפַּ֔ק וָאַעֲלֶ֖ה הָעֹלָֽה׃ ס", "text": "*wāʾōmar* now *yērdû* *pĕlištîm* to-me *haggilgāl* and-face-of *YHWH* not *ḥillîtî* *wāʾetʾappaq* *wāʾaʿălê* *hāʿōlâ*", "grammar": { "*wāʾōmar*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 1cs - and I said", "*yērdû*": "qal imperfect, 3mp - they will come down", "*ḥillîtî*": "piel perfect, 1cs - I have entreated/appeased", "*wāʾetʾappaq*": "waw consecutive + hithpael imperfect, 1cs - and I forced myself", "*wāʾaʿălê*": "waw consecutive + hiphil imperfect, 1cs - and I offered up" }, "variants": { "*ḥillîtî*": "entreated/appeased/sought favor of", "*wāʾetʾappaq*": "forced myself/restrained myself/compelled myself" } }

{ "verseID": "1 Samuel.13.13", "source": "וַיֹּ֧אמֶר שְׁמוּאֵ֛ל אֶל־שָׁא֖וּל נִסְכָּ֑לְתָּ לֹ֣א שָׁמַ֗רְתָּ אֶת־מִצְוַ֞ת יְהוָ֤ה אֱלֹהֶ֙יךָ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר צִוָּ֔ךְ כִּ֣י עַתָּ֗ה הֵכִ֨ין יְהוָ֧ה אֶת־מַֽמְלַכְתְּךָ֛ אֶל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל עַד־עוֹלָֽם׃", "text": "*wayyōʾmer* *šĕmûʾēl* to-*šāʾûl* *niskāltā* not *šāmartā* *ʾet*-command-of *YHWH* *ʾĕlōhêkā* which *ṣiwwākā* for now *hēkîn* *YHWH* *ʾet*-kingdom-your to-*yiśrāʾēl* until-forever", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3ms - and he said", "*niskāltā*": "niphal perfect, 2ms - you have acted foolishly", "*šāmartā*": "qal perfect, 2ms - you kept/observed", "*ʾĕlōhêkā*": "masculine plural construct + 2ms suffix - your God", "*ṣiwwākā*": "piel perfect, 3ms + 2ms suffix - he commanded you", "*hēkîn*": "hiphil perfect, 3ms - he would have established" }, "variants": { "*niskāltā*": "acted foolishly/been foolish", "*hēkîn*": "established/confirmed/made firm" } }

{ "verseID": "1 Samuel.13.14", "source": "וְעַתָּ֖ה מַמְלַכְתְּךָ֣ לֹא־תָק֑וּם בִּקֵּשׁ֩ יְהוָ֨ה ל֜וֹ אִ֣ישׁ כִּלְבָב֗וֹ וַיְצַוֵּ֨הוּ יְהוָ֤ה לְנָגִיד֙ עַל־עַמּ֔וֹ כִּ֚י לֹ֣א שָׁמַ֔רְתָּ אֵ֥ת אֲשֶֽׁר־צִוְּךָ֖ יְהוָֽה׃ פ", "text": "And-now kingdom-your not-*tāqûm* *biqqēš* *YHWH* for-him *ʾîš* according-to-heart-his *wayṣawwēhû* *YHWH* for-*nāg̱îd* over-people-his for not *šāmartā* *ʾēt* which-*ṣiwwĕkā* *YHWH*", "grammar": { "*tāqûm*": "qal imperfect, 3fs - will stand/endure", "*biqqēš*": "piel perfect, 3ms - he has sought", "*wayṣawwēhû*": "waw consecutive + piel imperfect, 3ms + 3ms suffix - and he has commanded him", "*nāg̱îd*": "masculine singular - leader/ruler", "*šāmartā*": "qal perfect, 2ms - you kept/observed", "*ṣiwwĕkā*": "piel perfect, 3ms + 2ms suffix - he commanded you" }, "variants": { "*tāqûm*": "stand/endure/continue", "*nāg̱îd*": "leader/ruler/prince/commander", "*ʾîš* *kilḇāḇô*": "man after his heart/man according to his heart" } }

{ "verseID": "1 Samuel.13.15", "source": "וַיָּ֣קָם שְׁמוּאֵ֗ל וַיַּ֛עַל מִן־הַגִּלְגָּ֖ל גִּבְעַ֣ת בִּנְיָמִ֑ן וַיִּפְקֹ֣ד שָׁא֗וּל אֶת־הָעָם֙ הַנִּמְצְאִ֣ים עִמּ֔וֹ כְּשֵׁ֥שׁ מֵא֖וֹת אִֽישׁ׃", "text": "*wayyāqām* *šĕmûʾēl* *wayyaʿal* from-*haggilgāl* *giḇʿat* *binyāmîn* *wayyip̄qōd* *šāʾûl* *ʾet*-*hāʿām* *hannimṣĕʾîm* with-him like-six *mēʾôt* *ʾîš*", "grammar": { "*wayyāqām*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3ms - and he arose", "*wayyaʿal*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3ms - and he went up", "*wayyip̄qōd*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3ms - and he numbered/mustered", "*hannimṣĕʾîm*": "definite article + niphal participle, masculine plural - the ones being found", "*mēʾôt*": "feminine plural - hundreds" }, "variants": { "*wayyip̄qōd*": "numbered/mustered/counted", "*hannimṣĕʾîm*": "who were found/present/remained" } }

{ "verseID": "1 Samuel.13.16", "source": "וְשָׁא֞וּל וְיוֹנָתָ֣ן בְּנ֗וֹ וְהָעָם֙ הַנִּמְצָ֣א עִמָּ֔ם יֹשְׁבִ֖ים בְּגֶ֣בַע בִּנְיָמִ֑ן וּפְלִשְׁתִּ֖ים חָנ֥וּ בְמִכְמָֽשׂ׃", "text": "And-*šāʾûl* and-*yônātān* son-his and-*hāʿām* *hannimṣāʾ* with-them *yōšḇîm* in-*geḇaʿ* *binyāmîn* and-*pĕlištîm* *ḥānû* in-*mikmās*", "grammar": { "*hannimṣāʾ*": "definite article + niphal participle, masculine singular - the one being found", "*yōšḇîm*": "qal participle, masculine plural - dwelling/staying", "*ḥānû*": "qal perfect, 3cp - they encamped/were encamping" }, "variants": { "*yōšḇîm*": "dwelling/staying/remained", "*ḥānû*": "encamped/camped/were encamped" } }

{ "verseID": "1 Samuel.13.17", "source": "וַיֵּצֵ֧א הַמַּשְׁחִ֛ית מִמַּחֲנֵ֥ה פְלִשְׁתִּ֖ים שְׁלֹשָׁ֣ה רָאשִׁ֑ים הָרֹ֨אשׁ אֶחָ֥ד יִפְנֶ֛ה אֶל־דֶּ֥רֶךְ עָפְרָ֖ה אֶל־אֶ֥רֶץ שׁוּעָֽל׃", "text": "*wayyēṣēʾ* *hammašḥît* from-camp-of *pĕlištîm* *šĕlōšâ* *rāʾšîm* *hārōʾš* one *yip̄nê* to-way-of *ʿop̄râ* to-land-of *šûʿāl*", "grammar": { "*wayyēṣēʾ*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3ms - and went out", "*hammašḥît*": "definite article + hiphil participle, masculine singular - the destroyer/raiding party", "*šĕlōšâ*": "cardinal number - three", "*rāʾšîm*": "masculine plural - heads/companies/groups", "*hārōʾš*": "definite article + masculine singular - the company/group", "*yip̄nê*": "qal imperfect, 3ms - turned/faced" }, "variants": { "*hammašḥît*": "destroyer/raiding party/raiders", "*rāʾšîm*": "heads/companies/divisions/groups", "*yip̄nê*": "turned/faced/went" } }

{ "verseID": "1 Samuel.13.18", "source": "וְהָרֹ֤אשׁ אֶחָד֙ יִפְנֶ֔ה דֶּ֖רֶךְ בֵּ֣ית חֹר֑וֹן וְהָרֹ֨אשׁ אֶחָ֤ד יִפְנֶה֙ דֶּ֣רֶךְ הַגְּב֔וּל הַנִּשְׁקָ֛ף עַל־גֵּ֥י הַצְּבֹעִ֖ים הַמִּדְבָּֽרָה׃ ס", "text": "And-*hārōʾš* one *yip̄nê* way-of *bêt* *ḥôrôn* and-*hārōʾš* one *yip̄nê* way-of *haggĕḇûl* *hannišqāp̄* over-valley-of *haṣṣĕḇōʿîm* *hammidbārâ*", "grammar": { "*hārōʾš*": "definite article + masculine singular - the company/group", "*yip̄nê*": "qal imperfect, 3ms - turned/faced", "*haggĕḇûl*": "definite article + masculine singular - the border/territory", "*hannišqāp̄*": "definite article + niphal participle, masculine singular - the one looking down", "*haṣṣĕḇōʿîm*": "definite article + masculine plural - the hyenas/Zeboim", "*hammidbārâ*": "definite article + feminine singular + directional he - toward the wilderness" }, "variants": { "*haggĕḇûl*": "border/territory/boundary", "*hannišqāp̄*": "looking down/overlooking/facing", "*haṣṣĕḇōʿîm*": "hyenas/Zeboim (place name)" } }

{ "verseID": "1 Samuel.13.19", "source": "וְחָרָשׁ֙ לֹ֣א יִמָּצֵ֔א בְּכֹ֖ל אֶ֣רֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל כִּֽי־*אמר **אָמְר֣וּ פְלִשְׁתִּ֔ים פֶּ֚ן יַעֲשׂ֣וּ הָעִבְרִ֔ים חֶ֖רֶב א֥וֹ חֲנִֽית׃", "text": "And-*ḥārāš* not *yimmāṣēʾ* in-all land-of *yiśrāʾēl* for-*ʾāmrû* *pĕlištîm* lest *yaʿăśû* *hāʿiḇrîm* *ḥereḇ* or *ḥănît*", "grammar": { "*ḥārāš*": "masculine singular - blacksmith/craftsman", "*yimmāṣēʾ*": "niphal imperfect, 3ms - was found/could be found", "*ʾāmrû*": "qal perfect, 3cp - they said", "*yaʿăśû*": "qal imperfect, 3mp - they make/would make", "*ḥereḇ*": "feminine singular - sword", "*ḥănît*": "feminine singular - spear" }, "variants": { "*ḥārāš*": "blacksmith/craftsman/metal worker", "*yimmāṣēʾ*": "was found/could be found/was to be found" } }

{ "verseID": "1 Samuel.13.20", "source": "וַיֵּרְד֥וּ כָל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֑ים לִ֠לְטוֹשׁ אִ֣ישׁ אֶת־מַחֲרַשְׁתּ֤וֹ וְאֶת־אֵתוֹ֙ וְאֶת־קַרְדֻּמּ֔וֹ וְאֵ֖ת מַחֲרֵשָׁתֽוֹ׃", "text": "*wayyērdû* all-*yiśrāʾēl* *happĕlištîm* to-*lilṭôš* *ʾîš* *ʾet*-*maḥărašĕtô* and-*ʾet*-*ʾētô* and-*ʾet*-*qardummô* and-*ʾēt* *maḥărēšātô*", "grammar": { "*wayyērdû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3mp - and they went down", "*happĕlištîm*": "definite article + proper noun, masculine plural - the Philistines", "*lilṭôš*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to sharpen", "*ʾîš*": "masculine singular - each man", "*maḥărašĕtô*": "feminine singular construct + 3ms suffix - his plowshare", "*ʾētô*": "masculine singular construct + 3ms suffix - his mattock", "*qardummô*": "masculine singular construct + 3ms suffix - his axe", "*maḥărēšātô*": "feminine singular construct + 3ms suffix - his plowshare/hoe" }, "variants": { "*lilṭôš*": "to sharpen/to forge", "*maḥărašĕtô*": "plowshare/plowblade", "*ʾētô*": "mattock/pickaxe/hoe", "*maḥărēšātô*": "plowshare/hoe/sickle" } }

{ "verseID": "1 Samuel.13.21", "source": "וְֽהָיְתָ֞ה הַפְּצִ֣ירָה פִ֗ים לַמַּֽחֲרֵשֹׁת֙ וְלָ֣אֵתִ֔ים וְלִשְׁלֹ֥שׁ קִלְּשׁ֖וֹן וּלְהַקַּרְדֻּמִּ֑ים וּלְהַצִּ֖יב הַדָּרְבָֽן׃", "text": "And-*hāyĕtâ* *happĕṣîrâ* *p̄îm* for-*hammaḥărēšōt* and-for-*hāʾētîm* and-for-three *qillĕšôn* and-for-*haqqardummîm* and-for-*haṣṣîḇ* *haddārḇān*", "grammar": { "*hāyĕtâ*": "qal perfect, 3fs - it was", "*happĕṣîrâ*": "definite article + feminine singular - the charge/fee", "*p̄îm*": "uncertain meaning - a weight/measure/coin", "*hammaḥărēšōt*": "definite article + feminine plural - the plowshares", "*hāʾētîm*": "definite article + masculine plural - the mattocks", "*qillĕšôn*": "masculine singular - pitchfork/trident", "*haqqardummîm*": "definite article + masculine plural - the axes", "*haṣṣîḇ*": "hiphil infinitive construct - to set/repair", "*haddārḇān*": "definite article + masculine singular - the goad" }, "variants": { "*happĕṣîrâ*": "charge/fee/filing", "*p̄îm*": "pim (weight)/two-thirds shekel/amount", "*qillĕšôn*": "pitchfork/trident/three-pronged fork", "*haṣṣîḇ*": "to set/repair/fix" } }

{ "verseID": "1 Samuel.13.22", "source": "וְהָיָה֙ בְּי֣וֹם מִלְחֶ֔מֶת וְלֹ֨א נִמְצָ֜א חֶ֤רֶב וַחֲנִית֙ בְּיַ֣ד כָּל־הָעָ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֶת־שָׁא֖וּל וְאֶת־יוֹנָתָ֑ן וַתִּמָּצֵ֣א לְשָׁא֔וּל וּלְיוֹנָתָ֖ן בְּנֽוֹ׃", "text": "And-*hāyâ* in-day-of *milḥemet* and-not *nimṣāʾ* *ḥereḇ* and-*ḥănît* in-hand-of all-*hāʿām* who with-*šāʾûl* and-with-*yônātān* *wattimmāṣēʾ* to-*šāʾûl* and-to-*yônātān* son-his", "grammar": { "*hāyâ*": "qal perfect, 3ms - it was/came to pass", "*milḥemet*": "feminine singular construct - battle of", "*nimṣāʾ*": "niphal perfect, 3ms - was found", "*ḥereḇ*": "feminine singular - sword", "*ḥănît*": "feminine singular - spear", "*wattimmāṣēʾ*": "waw consecutive + niphal imperfect, 3fs - and it was found" }, "variants": { "*hāyâ*": "it was/it came to pass/it happened" } }

{ "verseID": "1 Samuel.13.23", "source": "וַיֵּצֵא֙ מַצַּ֣ב פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים אֶֽל־מַעֲבַ֖ר מִכְמָֽשׂ׃ ס", "text": "*wayyēṣēʾ* *maṣṣaḇ* *pĕlištîm* to-*maʿăḇar* *mikmās*", "grammar": { "*wayyēṣēʾ*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3ms - and went out", "*maṣṣaḇ*": "masculine singular construct - garrison of", "*maʿăḇar*": "masculine singular construct - pass of" }, "variants": { "*maṣṣaḇ*": "garrison/outpost/detachment", "*maʿăḇar*": "pass/crossing/ford" } }