{ "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.1", "source": "וַיַּאַסְפ֨וּ פְלִשְׁתִּ֤ים אֶת־מַֽחֲנֵיהֶם֙ לַמִּלְחָמָ֔ה וַיֵּאָ֣סְפ֔וּ שֹׂכֹ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר לִיהוּדָ֑ה וַֽיַּחֲנ֛וּ בֵּין־שׂוֹכֹ֥ה וּבֵין־עֲזֵקָ֖ה בְּאֶ֥פֶס דַּמִּֽים׃", "text": "And *wə-* *ʾāsap̄* *Pəlištîm* *ʾēt*-*maḥănēhem* for the *milḥāmâ*, and they *ʾāsap̄* to *Śōḵōh* which belonged to *Yəhûdâ*; and they *ḥānâ* between-*Śōḵōh* and between-*ʿĂzēqâ* in *ʾep̄es dammîm*.", "grammar": { "*wə-*": "conjunction - and", "*ʾāsap̄*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with waw-consecutive - gathered/assembled", "*Pəlištîm*": "proper noun, masculine plural - Philistines", "*ʾēt*": "direct object marker", "*maḥănēhem*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their camps/armies", "*milḥāmâ*": "noun, feminine singular - battle/war", "*Śōḵōh*": "proper noun - Socoh", "*Yəhûdâ*": "proper noun - Judah", "*ḥānâ*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with waw-consecutive - they encamped/pitched camp", "*ʿĂzēqâ*": "proper noun - Azekah", "*ʾep̄es dammîm*": "proper noun - Ephes-dammim ('boundary of blood')" }, "variants": { "*ʾāsap̄*": "gathered/assembled/collected", "*maḥănēhem*": "their camps/their armies", "*ḥānâ*": "encamped/pitched camp/settled", "*ʾep̄es dammîm*": "end of blood/boundary of blood/ceasing of blood" } }

{ "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.2", "source": "וְשָׁא֤וּל וְאִֽישׁ־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ נֶאֶסְפ֔וּ וַֽיַּחֲנ֖וּ בְּעֵ֣מֶק הָאֵלָ֑ה וַיַּעַרְכ֥וּ מִלְחָמָ֖ה לִקְרַ֥את פְּלִשְׁתִּֽים׃", "text": "And *Šāʾûl* and *ʾîš*-*Yiśrāʾēl* were *ʾāsap̄*, and they *ḥānâ* in *ʿēmeq* the-*ʾēlâ*; and they *ʿāraḵ* *milḥāmâ* to *qirʾat* *Pəlištîm*.", "grammar": { "*Šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul", "*ʾîš*-*Yiśrāʾēl*": "construct phrase - men of Israel", "*ʾāsap̄*": "Niphal perfect 3rd person masculine plural - were gathered/assembled", "*ḥānâ*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with waw-consecutive - they encamped", "*ʿēmeq*": "noun, masculine singular construct - valley of", "*ʾēlâ*": "noun with definite article - the terebinth/oak", "*ʿāraḵ*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with waw-consecutive - they arranged/set in order", "*milḥāmâ*": "noun, feminine singular - battle/war", "*qirʾat*": "preposition with infinitive construct - to meet/against", "*Pəlištîm*": "proper noun, masculine plural - Philistines" }, "variants": { "*ʾîš*-*Yiśrāʾēl*": "men of Israel/Israelites", "*ʿēmeq* the-*ʾēlâ*": "Valley of Elah/Valley of the Terebinth", "*ʿāraḵ*": "arranged/set in order/prepared", "*qirʾat*": "to meet/against/in opposition to" } }

{ "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.3", "source": "וּפְלִשְׁתִּ֞ים עֹמְדִ֤ים אֶל־הָהָר֙ מִזֶּ֔ה וְיִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל עֹמְדִ֥ים אֶל־הָהָ֖ר מִזֶּ֑ה וְהַגַּ֖יְא בֵּינֵיהֶֽם׃", "text": "And *Pəlištîm* *ʿāmad* toward-the-*hār* from this [side], and *Yiśrāʾēl* *ʿāmad* toward-the-*hār* from that [side]; and the-*gayʾ* [was] between them.", "grammar": { "*Pəlištîm*": "proper noun, masculine plural - Philistines", "*ʿāmad*": "Qal participle masculine plural - standing", "*hār*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the mountain/hill", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*gayʾ*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the valley/ravine" }, "variants": { "*ʿāmad*": "standing/positioned/taking their stand", "*hār*": "mountain/hill", "*gayʾ*": "valley/ravine/gorge" } }

{ "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.4", "source": "וַיֵּצֵ֤א אִֽישׁ־הַבֵּנַ֙יִם֙ מִמַּחֲנ֣וֹת פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים גָּלְיָ֥ת שְׁמ֖וֹ מִגַּ֑ת גָּבְה֕וֹ שֵׁ֥שׁ אַמּ֖וֹת וָזָֽרֶת׃", "text": "And there *yāṣāʾ* *ʾîš*-the-*bênayim* from *maḥănôt* *Pəlištîm*, *Golyāt* [was] his *šēm*, from *Gat*; his *gābōah* [was] six *ʾammôt* and a *zeret*.", "grammar": { "*yāṣāʾ*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular with waw-consecutive - came out/went forth", "*ʾîš*-the-*bênayim*": "construct phrase with definite article - champion/man of the between (literally: man of the midst)", "*maḥănôt*": "noun, feminine plural construct - camps of", "*Pəlištîm*": "proper noun, masculine plural - Philistines", "*Golyāt*": "proper noun - Goliath", "*šēm*": "noun, masculine singular - name", "*Gat*": "proper noun - Gath", "*gābōah*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his height", "*ʾammôt*": "noun, feminine plural - cubits", "*zeret*": "noun, masculine singular - span" }, "variants": { "*ʾîš*-the-*bênayim*": "champion/man of the midst/man between the two armies", "*maḥănôt*": "camps/armies", "*gābōah*": "height/stature/tallness", "*ʾammôt*": "cubits (approximately 18 inches each)", "*zeret*": "span (approximately 9 inches)" } }

{ "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.5", "source": "וְכ֤וֹבַע נְחֹ֙שֶׁת֙ עַל־רֹאשׁ֔וֹ וְשִׁרְי֥וֹן קַשְׂקַשִּׂ֖ים ה֣וּא לָב֑וּשׁ וּמִשְׁקַל֙ הַשִּׁרְי֔וֹן חֲמֵשֶׁת־אֲלָפִ֥ים שְׁקָלִ֖ים נְחֹֽשֶֽׁת׃", "text": "And [a] *kôḇaʿ* of *nəḥōšet* [was] on his *rōʾš*, and [a] *širyôn* of *qaśqaśîm* he was *lāḇûš*; and [the] *mišqal* of the-*širyôn* [was] five-*ʾălāp̄îm* *šəqālîm* [of] *nəḥōšet*.", "grammar": { "*kôḇaʿ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - helmet of", "*nəḥōšet*": "noun, feminine singular - bronze/copper", "*rōʾš*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his head", "*širyôn*": "noun, masculine singular construct - coat of mail/armor", "*qaśqaśîm*": "noun, masculine plural - scales/plates", "*lāḇûš*": "Qal passive participle masculine singular - clothed/wearing", "*mišqal*": "noun, masculine singular construct - weight of", "*ʾălāp̄îm*": "noun, masculine plural - thousands", "*šəqālîm*": "noun, masculine plural - shekels" }, "variants": { "*kôḇaʿ*": "helmet/headpiece", "*nəḥōšet*": "bronze/copper/brass", "*širyôn*": "coat of mail/armor/breastplate", "*qaśqaśîm*": "scales/plates/links", "*lāḇûš*": "clothed/dressed/wearing", "*šəqālîm*": "shekels (unit of weight, approximately 11.5 grams each)" } }

{ "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.6", "source": "וּמִצְחַ֥ת נְחֹ֖שֶׁת עַל־רַגְלָ֑יו וְכִיד֥וֹן נְחֹ֖שֶׁת בֵּ֥ין כְּתֵפָֽיו׃", "text": "And [a] *miṣḥat* [of] *nəḥōšet* [was] on his *raḡlayim*, and [a] *kîḏôn* [of] *nəḥōšet* [was] between his *kətēp̄āyw*.", "grammar": { "*miṣḥat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - greaves/leg armor", "*nəḥōšet*": "noun, feminine singular - bronze/copper", "*raḡlayim*": "noun, feminine dual with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his legs/feet", "*kîḏôn*": "noun, masculine singular construct - javelin/spear", "*kətēp̄āyw*": "noun, feminine dual with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his shoulders" }, "variants": { "*miṣḥat*": "greaves/leg armor/shin guards", "*nəḥōšet*": "bronze/copper/brass", "*raḡlayim*": "legs/feet", "*kîḏôn*": "javelin/short spear/scimitar", "*kətēp̄āyw*": "shoulders/shoulder blades" } }

{ "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.7", "source": "וְעֵ֣ץ חֲנִית֗וֹ כִּמְנוֹר֙ אֹֽרְגִ֔ים וְלַהֶ֣בֶת חֲנִית֔וֹ שֵׁשׁ־מֵא֥וֹת שְׁקָלִ֖ים בַּרְזֶ֑ל וְנֹשֵׂ֥א הַצִּנָּ֖ה הֹלֵ֥ךְ לְפָנָֽיו׃", "text": "And [the] *ʿēṣ* [of] his *ḥănît* [was] like [a] *mənôr* [of] *ʾōrəḡîm*, and [the] *laheḇet* [of] his *ḥănît* [was] six-hundred *šəqālîm* [of] *barzel*; and [the] *nōśēʾ* [of] the-*ṣinnâ* was *hālaḵ* before him.", "grammar": { "*ʿēṣ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - shaft/wood/staff of", "*ḥănît*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his spear", "*mənôr*": "noun, masculine singular construct - beam of", "*ʾōrəḡîm*": "Qal participle masculine plural - weavers", "*laheḇet*": "noun, feminine singular construct - head/blade of", "*šəqālîm*": "noun, masculine plural - shekels", "*barzel*": "noun, masculine singular - iron", "*nōśēʾ*": "Qal participle masculine singular construct - bearer of", "*ṣinnâ*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the shield", "*hālaḵ*": "Qal participle masculine singular - walking/going" }, "variants": { "*ʿēṣ*": "shaft/wood/staff", "*ḥănît*": "spear/lance", "*mənôr*": "beam/rod/weaver's beam", "*ʾōrəḡîm*": "weavers/those who weave", "*laheḇet*": "head/blade/point", "*barzel*": "iron/metal", "*nōśēʾ*": "bearer/carrier", "*ṣinnâ*": "large shield/buckler" } }

{ "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.8", "source": "וַֽיַּעֲמֹ֗ד וַיִּקְרָא֙ אֶל־מַעַרְכֹ֣ת יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַיֹּ֣אמֶר לָהֶ֔ם לָ֥מָּה תֵצְא֖וּ לַעֲרֹ֣ךְ מִלְחָמָ֑ה הֲל֧וֹא אָנֹכִ֣י הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֗י וְאַתֶּם֙ עֲבָדִ֣ים לְשָׁא֔וּל בְּרוּ־לָכֶ֥ם אִ֖ישׁ וְיֵרֵ֥ד אֵלָֽי׃", "text": "And he *ʿāmad* and *qārāʾ* to-*maʿărāḵôt* *Yiśrāʾēl* and *ʾāmar* to them, 'Why *yāṣāʾ* you to *ʿāraḵ* *milḥāmâ*? [Am] not *ʾānōḵî* the-*Pəlištî*, and you [are] *ʿăḇāḏîm* to *Šāʾûl*? *bārā*-for yourselves [an] *ʾîš* and let him *yārad* to me.'", "grammar": { "*ʿāmad*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular with waw-consecutive - he stood", "*qārāʾ*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular with waw-consecutive - he called", "*maʿărāḵôt*": "noun, feminine plural construct - battle lines/ranks of", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*ʾāmar*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular with waw-consecutive - he said", "*yāṣāʾ*": "Qal imperfect 2nd person masculine plural - you come out", "*ʿāraḵ*": "Qal infinitive construct - to arrange/set in order", "*milḥāmâ*": "noun, feminine singular - battle/war", "*ʾānōḵî*": "personal pronoun 1st person singular - I", "*Pəlištî*": "gentilic adjective masculine singular with definite article - the Philistine", "*ʿăḇāḏîm*": "noun, masculine plural - servants/slaves", "*Šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul", "*bārā*": "Qal imperative masculine plural - choose", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - man", "*yārad*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular jussive - let him come down" }, "variants": { "*ʿāmad*": "stood/took a stand/positioned himself", "*qārāʾ*": "called/cried out/proclaimed", "*maʿărāḵôt*": "battle lines/ranks/armies", "*yāṣāʾ*": "come out/go forth", "*ʿāraḵ*": "arrange/draw up/set in order", "*ʿăḇāḏîm*": "servants/slaves", "*bārā*": "choose/select", "*yārad*": "come down/descend" } }

{ "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.9", "source": "אִם־יוּכַ֞ל לְהִלָּחֵ֤ם אִתִּי֙ וְהִכָּ֔נִי וְהָיִ֥ינוּ לָכֶ֖ם לַעֲבָדִ֑ים וְאִם־אֲנִ֤י אֽוּכַל־לוֹ֙ וְהִכִּיתִ֔יו וִהְיִ֤יתֶם לָ֙נוּ֙ לַעֲבָדִ֔ים וַעֲבַדְתֶּ֖ם אֹתָֽנוּ׃", "text": "If he *yāḵōl* to *lāḥam* with me and *nāḵâ* me, then we will *hāyâ* to you as *ʿăḇāḏîm*; but if *ʾănî* *yāḵōl*-him and *nāḵâ* him, then you will *hāyâ* to us as *ʿăḇāḏîm* and you will *ʿāḇad* us.", "grammar": { "*yāḵōl*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - he is able/can", "*lāḥam*": "Niphal infinitive construct - to fight", "*nāḵâ*": "Hiphil perfect 3rd person masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - he strikes/kills me", "*hāyâ*": "Qal perfect 1st person plural - we will be", "*ʿăḇāḏîm*": "noun, masculine plural - servants/slaves", "*ʾănî*": "personal pronoun 1st person singular - I", "*yāḵōl*": "Qal imperfect 1st person singular - I am able/can", "*nāḵâ*": "Hiphil perfect 1st person singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - I strike/kill him", "*hāyâ*": "Qal perfect 2nd person masculine plural - you will be", "*ʿāḇad*": "Qal perfect 2nd person masculine plural - you will serve" }, "variants": { "*yāḵōl*": "is able/can/prevail", "*lāḥam*": "fight/do battle", "*nāḵâ*": "strike/kill/defeat", "*hāyâ*": "be/become", "*ʿăḇāḏîm*": "servants/slaves", "*ʿāḇad*": "serve/work for/be slaves to" } }

{ "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.10", "source": "וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֔י אֲנִ֗י חֵרַ֛פְתִּי אֶת־מַעַרְכ֥וֹת יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֑ה תְּנוּ־לִ֣י אִ֔ישׁ וְנִֽלָּחֲמָ֖ה יָֽחַד׃", "text": "And *ʾāmar* the-*Pəlištî*, '*ʾănî* *ḥārap̄* *ʾēt*-*maʿărāḵôt* *Yiśrāʾēl* this-*yôm*. *nātan*-to me [an] *ʾîš*, and let us *lāḥam* *yaḥad*.'", "grammar": { "*ʾāmar*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular with waw-consecutive - he said", "*Pəlištî*": "gentilic adjective masculine singular with definite article - the Philistine", "*ʾănî*": "personal pronoun 1st person singular - I", "*ḥārap̄*": "Piel perfect 1st person singular - I defy/taunt", "*ʾēt*": "direct object marker", "*maʿărāḵôt*": "noun, feminine plural construct - battle lines/ranks of", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*yôm*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the day", "*nātan*": "Qal imperative masculine plural - give", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - man", "*lāḥam*": "Niphal imperfect 1st person plural cohortative - let us fight", "*yaḥad*": "adverb - together" }, "variants": { "*ḥārap̄*": "defy/taunt/reproach/challenge", "*maʿărāḵôt*": "battle lines/ranks/armies", "*yôm*": "day/time", "*nātan*": "give/provide/appoint", "*lāḥam*": "fight/do battle", "*yaḥad*": "together/at the same time" } }

{ "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.11", "source": "וַיִּשְׁמַ֤ע שָׁאוּל֙ וְכָל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֶת־דִּבְרֵ֥י הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֖י הָאֵ֑לֶּה וַיֵּחַ֥תּוּ וַיִּֽרְא֖וּ מְאֹֽד׃", "text": "And *šāmaʿ* *Šāʾûl* and all-*Yiśrāʾēl* *ʾēt*-*dəḇārîm* [of] the-*Pəlištî* these; and they were *ḥātat* and *yārēʾ* exceedingly.", "grammar": { "*šāmaʿ*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular with waw-consecutive - he heard", "*Šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*ʾēt*": "direct object marker", "*dəḇārîm*": "noun, masculine plural construct - words of", "*Pəlištî*": "gentilic adjective masculine singular with definite article - the Philistine", "*ḥātat*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with waw-consecutive - they were dismayed", "*yārēʾ*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with waw-consecutive - they feared" }, "variants": { "*šāmaʿ*": "heard/listened to", "*dəḇārîm*": "words/things/matters", "*ḥātat*": "were dismayed/terrified/shattered", "*yārēʾ*": "feared/were afraid" } }

{ "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.12", "source": "וְדָוִד֩ בֶּן־אִ֨ישׁ אֶפְרָתִ֜י הַזֶּ֗ה מִבֵּ֥ית לֶ֙חֶם֙ יְהוּדָ֔ה וּשְׁמ֣וֹ יִשַׁ֔י וְל֖וֹ שְׁמֹנָ֣ה בָנִ֑ים וְהָאִישׁ֙ בִּימֵ֣י שָׁא֔וּל זָקֵ֖ן בָּ֥א בַאֲנָשִֽׁים׃", "text": "And *Dāwid* [was the] *bēn*-*ʾîš* *ʾep̄rātî* this from *Bêt-leḥem* *Yəhûdâ*, and his *šēm* [was] *Yišay*, and to him [were] eight *bānîm*; and the-*ʾîš* in [the] *yōm* of *Šāʾûl* [was] *zāqēn*, *bôʾ* among men.", "grammar": { "*Dāwid*": "proper noun - David", "*bēn*": "noun, masculine singular construct - son of", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - man", "*ʾep̄rātî*": "gentilic adjective masculine singular - Ephrathite", "*Bêt-leḥem*": "proper noun - Bethlehem", "*Yəhûdâ*": "proper noun - Judah", "*šēm*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his name", "*Yišay*": "proper noun - Jesse", "*bānîm*": "noun, masculine plural - sons", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the man", "*yōm*": "noun, masculine plural construct - days of", "*Šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul", "*zāqēn*": "adjective, masculine singular - old/aged", "*bôʾ*": "Qal participle masculine singular - coming/going" }, "variants": { "*ʾep̄rātî*": "Ephrathite (from Ephrath, an ancient name for Bethlehem)", "*šēm*": "name/title", "*zāqēn*": "old/aged/elderly", "*bôʾ* among men": "advanced in years/elderly among men/well along in years" } }

{ "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.13", "source": "וַיֵּ֨לְכ֜וּ שְׁלֹ֤שֶׁת בְּנֵֽי־יִשַׁי֙ הַגְּדֹלִ֔ים הָלְכ֥וּ אַחֲרֵי־שָׁא֖וּל לַמִּלְחָמָ֑ה וְשֵׁ֣ם ׀ שְׁלֹ֣שֶׁת בָּנָ֗יו אֲשֶׁ֤ר הָלְכוּ֙ בַּמִּלְחָמָ֔ה אֱלִיאָ֣ב הַבְּכ֗וֹר וּמִשְׁנֵ֙הוּ֙ אֲבִ֣ינָדָ֔ב וְהַשְּׁלִשִׁ֖י שַׁמָּֽה׃", "text": "And *hālaḵ* three *bənê*-*Yišay* the-*gādôl*, they *hālaḵ* after-*Šāʾûl* to the-*milḥāmâ*; and [the] *šēm* [of] his three *bānîm* who *hālaḵ* to the-*milḥāmâ* [were] *ʾĔlîʾāḇ* the-*bəḵôr*, and his *mišneh* *ʾĂḇînādāḇ*, and the-*šəlîšî* *Šammâ*.", "grammar": { "*hālaḵ*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with waw-consecutive - they went", "*bənê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons of", "*Yišay*": "proper noun - Jesse", "*gādôl*": "adjective, masculine plural with definite article - the oldest/eldest", "*hālaḵ*": "Qal perfect 3rd person plural - they went", "*Šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul", "*milḥāmâ*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the battle/war", "*šēm*": "noun, masculine singular construct - name of", "*bānîm*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his sons", "*hālaḵ*": "Qal perfect 3rd person plural - they went", "*ʾĔlîʾāḇ*": "proper noun - Eliab", "*bəḵôr*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the firstborn", "*mišneh*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his second", "*ʾĂḇînādāḇ*": "proper noun - Abinadab", "*šəlîšî*": "adjective, masculine singular with definite article - the third", "*Šammâ*": "proper noun - Shammah" }, "variants": { "*gādôl*": "great/eldest/oldest", "*mišneh*": "second/next in order", "*šəlîšî*": "third/third in order" } }

{ "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.14", "source": "וְדָוִ֖ד ה֣וּא הַקָּטָ֑ן וּשְׁלֹשָׁה֙ הַגְּדֹלִ֔ים הָלְכ֖וּ אַחֲרֵ֥י שָׁאֽוּל׃", "text": "And *Dāwid* *hûʾ* the-*qāṭān*; and [the] three the-*gādôl* *hālaḵ* after *Šāʾûl*.", "grammar": { "*Dāwid*": "proper noun - David", "*hûʾ*": "personal pronoun 3rd person masculine singular - he", "*qāṭān*": "adjective, masculine singular with definite article - the youngest", "*gādôl*": "adjective, masculine plural with definite article - the oldest/eldest", "*hālaḵ*": "Qal perfect 3rd person plural - they went", "*Šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul" }, "variants": { "*hûʾ*": "he/himself/that one", "*qāṭān*": "small/young/youngest", "*gādôl*": "great/eldest/oldest" } }

{ "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.15", "source": "וְדָוִ֛ד הֹלֵ֥ךְ וָשָׁ֖ב מֵעַ֣ל שָׁא֑וּל לִרְע֛וֹת אֶת־צֹ֥אן אָבִ֖יו בֵּֽית לָֽחֶם׃", "text": "And *Dāwid* [was] *hālaḵ* and *šûḇ* from *ʿal* *Šāʾûl* to *rāʿâ* *ʾēt*-*ṣōʾn* [of] his *ʾāḇ* [in] *Bêt-leḥem*.", "grammar": { "*Dāwid*": "proper noun - David", "*hālaḵ*": "Qal participle masculine singular - going", "*šûḇ*": "Qal participle masculine singular - returning", "*ʿal*": "preposition - from upon/from", "*Šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul", "*rāʿâ*": "Qal infinitive construct - to tend/shepherd", "*ʾēt*": "direct object marker", "*ṣōʾn*": "noun, common singular construct - flock of", "*ʾāḇ*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his father", "*Bêt-leḥem*": "proper noun - Bethlehem" }, "variants": { "*hālaḵ* and *šûḇ*": "going back and forth/coming and going", "*ʿal*": "from/from being with", "*rāʿâ*": "to tend/to shepherd/to pasture", "*ṣōʾn*": "flock/sheep" } }

{ "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.16", "source": "וַיִּגַּ֥שׁ הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֖י הַשְׁכֵּ֣ם וְהַעֲרֵ֑ב וַיִּתְיַצֵּ֖ב אַרְבָּעִ֥ים יֽוֹם׃", "text": "And *nāḡaš* the-*Pəlištî* *šāḵam* and *ʿāraḇ*; and he *yāṣaḇ* forty *yôm*.", "grammar": { "*nāḡaš*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular with waw-consecutive - he came near/approached", "*Pəlištî*": "gentilic adjective masculine singular with definite article - the Philistine", "*šāḵam*": "Hiphil infinitive absolute - rising early", "*ʿāraḇ*": "Hiphil infinitive absolute - setting late/in the evening", "*yāṣaḇ*": "Hithpael imperfect 3rd person masculine singular with waw-consecutive - he presented himself/took his stand", "*yôm*": "noun, masculine singular - day" }, "variants": { "*nāḡaš*": "came near/approached/drew near", "*šāḵam* and *ʿāraḇ*": "morning and evening/early and late", "*yāṣaḇ*": "presented himself/took his stand/positioned himself" } }

{ "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.17", "source": "וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יִשַׁ֜י לְדָוִ֣ד בְּנ֗וֹ קַח־נָ֤א לְאַחֶ֙יךָ֙ אֵיפַ֤ת הַקָּלִיא֙ הַזֶּ֔ה וַעֲשָׂרָ֥ה לֶ֖חֶם הַזֶּ֑ה וְהָרֵ֥ץ הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֖ה לְאַחֶֽיךָ׃", "text": "*wə-yōʾmer* *yišay* *lə-dāwid* *bənō* *qaḥ-nāʾ* *lə-ʾaḥeykā* *ʾêpat* *ha-qālîʾ* *ha-zeh* *wa-ʿăśārâ* *leḥem* *ha-zeh* *wə-hārêṣ* *ha-maḥăneh* *lə-ʾaḥeykā*", "grammar": { "*wə-yōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms - and he said", "*yišay*": "proper noun, nominative - Jesse", "*lə-dāwid*": "preposition + proper noun - to David", "*bənō*": "noun ms + 3ms possessive suffix - his son", "*qaḥ-nāʾ*": "qal imperative ms + particle of entreaty - take, please", "*lə-ʾaḥeykā*": "preposition + noun mp + 2ms possessive suffix - for your brothers", "*ʾêpat*": "construct state - ephah of", "*ha-qālîʾ*": "definite article + noun ms - the parched grain", "*ha-zeh*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun ms - this", "*wa-ʿăśārâ*": "waw conjunction + cardinal number - and ten", "*leḥem*": "noun mp - loaves of bread", "*ha-zeh*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun ms - this", "*wə-hārêṣ*": "waw conjunction + qal imperative ms - and run", "*ha-maḥăneh*": "definite article + noun ms - the camp", "*lə-ʾaḥeykā*": "preposition + noun mp + 2ms possessive suffix - to your brothers" }, "variants": { "*qālîʾ*": "parched grain/roasted corn", "*ʾêpat*": "ephah (measure of volume, approx. 22 liters)", "*hārêṣ*": "run/hurry/rush" } }

{ "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.18", "source": "וְ֠אֵת עֲשֶׂ֜רֶת חֲרִצֵ֤י הֶֽחָלָב֙ הָאֵ֔לֶּה תָּבִ֖יא לְשַׂר־הָאָ֑לֶף וְאֶת־אַחֶ֙יךָ֙ תִּפְקֹ֣ד לְשָׁל֔וֹם וְאֶת־עֲרֻבָּתָ֖ם תִּקָּֽח׃", "text": "*wə-ʾēt* *ʿăśeret* *ḥăriṣê* *he-ḥālāb* *hā-ʾēlleh* *tābîʾ* *lə-śar* *hā-ʾālep* *wə-ʾet* *ʾaḥeykā* *tipqōd* *lə-šālôm* *wə-ʾet* *ʿărubātām* *tiqqāḥ*", "grammar": { "*wə-ʾēt*": "waw conjunction + direct object marker - and", "*ʿăśeret*": "cardinal number fs construct - ten of", "*ḥăriṣê*": "noun mp construct - cuts/slices of", "*he-ḥālāb*": "definite article + noun ms - the milk/cheese", "*hā-ʾēlleh*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun mp - these", "*tābîʾ*": "hiphil imperfect 2ms - you shall bring", "*lə-śar*": "preposition + noun ms construct - to commander of", "*hā-ʾālep*": "definite article + noun ms - the thousand", "*wə-ʾet*": "waw conjunction + direct object marker - and", "*ʾaḥeykā*": "noun mp + 2ms possessive suffix - your brothers", "*tipqōd*": "qal imperfect 2ms - you shall visit/inquire after", "*lə-šālôm*": "preposition + noun ms - for peace/welfare", "*wə-ʾet*": "waw conjunction + direct object marker - and", "*ʿărubātām*": "noun fs + 3mp possessive suffix - their pledge/token", "*tiqqāḥ*": "qal imperfect 2ms - you shall take" }, "variants": { "*ḥăriṣê he-ḥālāb*": "cuts of cheese/slices of milk-product", "*śar-hā-ʾālep*": "commander of thousand/captain", "*tipqōd*": "inquire after/check on/visit", "*lə-šālôm*": "regarding welfare/concerning well-being/about peace", "*ʿărubātām*": "their pledge/token/evidence of well-being/proof of visit" } }

{ "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.19", "source": "וְשָׁא֤וּל וְהֵ֙מָּה֙ וְכָל־אִ֣ישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל בְּעֵ֖מֶק הָֽאֵלָ֑ה נִלְחָמִ֖ים עִם־פְּלִשְׁתִּֽים׃", "text": "*wə-šāʾûl* *wə-hēmmâ* *wə-kāl* *ʾîš* *yiśrāʾēl* *bə-ʿēmeq* *hā-ʾēlâ* *nilḥāmîm* *ʿim* *pəlištîm*", "grammar": { "*wə-šāʾûl*": "waw conjunction + proper noun - and Saul", "*wə-hēmmâ*": "waw conjunction + 3mp pronoun - and they", "*wə-kāl*": "waw conjunction + noun ms construct - and all/every", "*ʾîš*": "noun ms construct - man of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*bə-ʿēmeq*": "preposition + noun ms construct - in valley of", "*hā-ʾēlâ*": "definite article + noun fs - the terebinth/oak", "*nilḥāmîm*": "niphal participle mp - fighting", "*ʿim*": "preposition - with", "*pəlištîm*": "proper noun mp - Philistines" }, "variants": { "*ʿēmeq hā-ʾēlâ*": "Valley of Elah/Terebinth Valley", "*nilḥāmîm*": "fighting/warring/battling" } }

{ "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.20", "source": "וַיַּשְׁכֵּ֨ם דָּוִ֜ד בַּבֹּ֗קֶר וַיִּטֹּ֤שׁ אֶת־הַצֹּאן֙ עַל־שֹׁמֵ֔ר וַיִּשָּׂ֣א וַיֵּ֔לֶךְ כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר צִוָּ֖הוּ יִשָׁ֑י וַיָּבֹא֙ הַמַּעְגָּ֔לָה וְהַחַ֗יִל הַיֹּצֵא֙ אֶל־הַמַּ֣עֲרָכָ֔ה וְהֵרֵ֖עוּ בַּמִּלְחָמָֽה׃", "text": "*wa-yaškēm* *dāwid* *ba-bōqer* *wa-yiṭṭōš* *ʾet* *ha-ṣṣōʾn* *ʿal* *šōmēr* *wa-yiśśāʾ* *wa-yēlek* *ka-ʾăšer* *ṣiwwāhû* *yišāy* *wa-yābōʾ* *ha-maʿgālâ* *wə-ha-ḥayil* *ha-yōṣēʾ* *ʾel* *ha-maʿărākâ* *wə-hērēʿû* *ba-milḥāmâ*", "grammar": { "*wa-yaškēm*": "waw consecutive + hiphil imperfect 3ms - and he rose early", "*dāwid*": "proper noun - David", "*ba-bōqer*": "preposition + definite article + noun ms - in the morning", "*wa-yiṭṭōš*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms - and he left", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ha-ṣṣōʾn*": "definite article + noun fs - the flock", "*ʿal*": "preposition - with/upon", "*šōmēr*": "qal participle ms - keeper", "*wa-yiśśāʾ*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms - and he took up/carried", "*wa-yēlek*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms - and he went", "*ka-ʾăšer*": "preposition + relative pronoun - just as", "*ṣiwwāhû*": "piel perfect 3ms + 3ms suffix - he commanded him", "*yišāy*": "proper noun - Jesse", "*wa-yābōʾ*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms - and he came", "*ha-maʿgālâ*": "definite article + noun fs - the encampment/circle of wagons", "*wə-ha-ḥayil*": "waw conjunction + definite article + noun ms - and the army", "*ha-yōṣēʾ*": "definite article + qal participle ms - the one going out", "*ʾel*": "preposition - to", "*ha-maʿărākâ*": "definite article + noun fs - the battle array", "*wə-hērēʿû*": "waw conjunction + hiphil perfect 3cp - and they shouted", "*ba-milḥāmâ*": "preposition + definite article + noun fs - in the battle" }, "variants": { "*yaškēm*": "rose early/got up early", "*yiṭṭōš*": "left/entrusted/abandoned", "*šōmēr*": "keeper/guardian/watchman", "*yiśśāʾ*": "took up/carried/loaded", "*maʿgālâ*": "encampment/circle of wagons/barricade", "*ḥayil*": "army/force/troops", "*maʿărākâ*": "battle array/battle line/ranks", "*hērēʿû*": "shouted/raised battle cry/made noise" } }

{ "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.21", "source": "וַתַּעֲרֹ֤ךְ יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ וּפְלִשְׁתִּ֔ים מַעֲרָכָ֖ה לִקְרַ֥את מַעֲרָכָֽה׃", "text": "*wa-taʿărōk* *yiśrāʾēl* *û-pəlištîm* *maʿărākâ* *liqraʾt* *maʿărākâ*", "grammar": { "*wa-taʿărōk*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3fs - and it set in order/arranged", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*û-pəlištîm*": "waw conjunction + proper noun mp - and Philistines", "*maʿărākâ*": "noun fs - battle array", "*liqraʾt*": "preposition + infinitive construct - to meet/opposite", "*maʿărākâ*": "noun fs - battle array" }, "variants": { "*taʿărōk*": "arranged/set in order/drew up", "*maʿărākâ*": "battle array/line of battle/ranks", "*liqraʾt*": "opposite/facing/against" } }

{ "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.22", "source": "וַיִּטֹשׁ֩ דָּוִ֨ד אֶת־הַכֵּלִ֜ים מֵעָלָ֗יו עַל־יַד֙ שׁוֹמֵ֣ר הַכֵּלִ֔ים וַיָּ֖רָץ הַמַּעֲרָכָ֑ה וַיָּבֹ֕א וַיִּשְׁאַ֥ל לְאֶחָ֖יו לְשָׁלֽוֹם׃", "text": "*wa-yiṭṭōš* *dāwid* *ʾet* *ha-kēlîm* *mē-ʿālāyw* *ʿal* *yad* *šômēr* *ha-kēlîm* *wa-yārāṣ* *ha-maʿărākâ* *wa-yābōʾ* *wa-yišʾal* *lə-ʾeḥāyw* *lə-šālôm*", "grammar": { "*wa-yiṭṭōš*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms - and he left", "*dāwid*": "proper noun - David", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ha-kēlîm*": "definite article + noun mp - the vessels/baggage", "*mē-ʿālāyw*": "preposition + preposition + 3ms suffix - from upon him", "*ʿal*": "preposition - with/upon", "*yad*": "noun fs construct - hand of", "*šômēr*": "qal participle ms construct - keeper of", "*ha-kēlîm*": "definite article + noun mp - the vessels/baggage", "*wa-yārāṣ*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms - and he ran", "*ha-maʿărākâ*": "definite article + noun fs - the battle array", "*wa-yābōʾ*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms - and he came", "*wa-yišʾal*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms - and he asked", "*lə-ʾeḥāyw*": "preposition + noun mp + 3ms suffix - to his brothers", "*lə-šālôm*": "preposition + noun ms - for peace/welfare" }, "variants": { "*yiṭṭōš*": "left/put off/set down", "*kēlîm*": "vessels/equipment/baggage/supplies", "*šômēr ha-kēlîm*": "keeper of the supplies/baggage attendant", "*yārāṣ*": "ran/hurried", "*lə-šālôm*": "concerning welfare/about well-being" } }

{ "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.23", "source": "וְה֣וּא ׀ מְדַבֵּ֣ר עִמָּ֗ם וְהִנֵּ֣ה אִ֣ישׁ הַבֵּנַ֡יִם עוֹלֶ֞ה גָּלְיָת֩ הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֨י שְׁמ֤וֹ מִגַּת֙ *ממערות **מִמַּעַרְכ֣וֹת פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים וַיְדַבֵּ֖ר כַּדְּבָרִ֣ים הָאֵ֑לֶּה וַיִּשְׁמַ֖ע דָּוִֽד׃", "text": "*wə-hûʾ* *mədabbēr* *ʿimmām* *wə-hinnēh* *ʾîš* *ha-bênayim* *ʿôleh* *golyāt* *ha-pəlištî* *šəmô* *mi-gat* *mi-maʿarkôt* *pəlištîm* *wa-yədabbēr* *ka-dəbārîm* *hā-ʾēlleh* *wa-yišmaʿ* *dāwid*", "grammar": { "*wə-hûʾ*": "waw conjunction + 3ms pronoun - and he", "*mədabbēr*": "piel participle ms - speaking", "*ʿimmām*": "preposition + 3mp suffix - with them", "*wə-hinnēh*": "waw conjunction + demonstrative particle - and behold", "*ʾîš*": "noun ms construct - man of", "*ha-bênayim*": "definite article + noun mdual - the between/in-between", "*ʿôleh*": "qal participle ms - coming up", "*golyāt*": "proper noun - Goliath", "*ha-pəlištî*": "definite article + gentilic adjective ms - the Philistine", "*šəmô*": "noun ms + 3ms suffix - his name", "*mi-gat*": "preposition + proper noun - from Gath", "*mi-maʿarkôt*": "preposition + noun fp construct - from ranks of", "*pəlištîm*": "proper noun mp - Philistines", "*wa-yədabbēr*": "waw consecutive + piel imperfect 3ms - and he spoke", "*ka-dəbārîm*": "preposition + noun mp - like the words", "*hā-ʾēlleh*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun mp - these", "*wa-yišmaʿ*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms - and he heard", "*dāwid*": "proper noun - David" }, "variants": { "*ʾîš ha-bênayim*": "champion/man of the in-between/duelist/man who stands between two armies", "*ʿôleh*": "coming up/ascending/appearing", "*maʿarkôt*": "battle ranks/battle lines/army ranks", "*ka-dəbārîm hā-ʾēlleh*": "like these words/the same words/according to these terms" } }

{ "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.24", "source": "וְכֹל֙ אִ֣ישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל בִּרְאוֹתָ֖ם אֶת־הָאִ֑ישׁ וַיָּנֻ֙סוּ֙ מִפָּנָ֔יו וַיִּֽירְא֖וּ מְאֹֽד׃", "text": "*wə-kōl* *ʾîš* *yiśrāʾēl* *bi-rəʾôtām* *ʾet* *hā-ʾîš* *wa-yānusû* *mi-ppānāyw* *wa-yîrəʾû* *məʾōd*", "grammar": { "*wə-kōl*": "waw conjunction + noun ms construct - and all", "*ʾîš*": "noun ms construct - man of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*bi-rəʾôtām*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct + 3mp suffix - in their seeing", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*hā-ʾîš*": "definite article + noun ms - the man", "*wa-yānusû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3mp - and they fled", "*mi-ppānāyw*": "preposition + noun mp + 3ms suffix - from his face/presence", "*wa-yîrəʾû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3mp - and they feared", "*məʾōd*": "adverb - greatly" }, "variants": { "*bi-rəʾôtām*": "when they saw/upon seeing", "*mi-ppānāyw*": "from his presence/from before him", "*məʾōd*": "greatly/exceedingly/very much" } }

{ "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.25", "source": "וַיֹּ֣אמֶר ׀ אִ֣ישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל הַרְּאִיתֶם֙ הָאִ֤ישׁ הָֽעֹלֶה֙ הַזֶּ֔ה כִּ֛י לְחָרֵ֥ף אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל עֹלֶ֑ה וְֽ֠הָיָה הָאִ֨ישׁ אֲשֶׁר־יַכֶּ֜נּוּ יַעְשְׁרֶ֥נּוּ הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ ׀ עֹ֣שֶׁר גָּד֗וֹל וְאֶת־בִּתּוֹ֙ יִתֶּן־ל֔וֹ וְאֵת֙ בֵּ֣ית אָבִ֔יו יַעֲשֶׂ֥ה חָפְשִׁ֖י בְּיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃", "text": "*wa-yōʾmer* *ʾîš* *yiśrāʾēl* *ha-rəʾîtem* *hā-ʾîš* *hā-ʿōleh* *ha-zeh* *kî* *lə-ḥārēp* *ʾet* *yiśrāʾēl* *ʿōleh* *wə-hāyâ* *hā-ʾîš* *ʾăšer* *yakkennû* *yaʿšərennû* *ha-melek* *ʿōšer* *gādôl* *wə-ʾet* *bittô* *yitten* *lô* *wə-ʾēt* *bêt* *ʾābîw* *yaʿăśeh* *ḥopšî* *bə-yiśrāʾēl*", "grammar": { "*wa-yōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms - and he said", "*ʾîš*": "noun ms construct - man of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*ha-rəʾîtem*": "interrogative particle + qal perfect 2mp - have you seen", "*hā-ʾîš*": "definite article + noun ms - the man", "*hā-ʿōleh*": "definite article + qal participle ms - the one coming up", "*ha-zeh*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun ms - this", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*lə-ḥārēp*": "preposition + piel infinitive construct - to reproach", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*ʿōleh*": "qal participle ms - coming up", "*wə-hāyâ*": "waw consecutive + qal perfect 3ms - and it will be", "*hā-ʾîš*": "definite article + noun ms - the man", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - who", "*yakkennû*": "hiphil imperfect 3ms + 3ms suffix - he will strike him", "*yaʿšərennû*": "hiphil imperfect 3ms + 3ms suffix - he will enrich him", "*ha-melek*": "definite article + noun ms - the king", "*ʿōšer*": "noun ms - riches", "*gādôl*": "adjective ms - great", "*wə-ʾet*": "waw conjunction + direct object marker", "*bittô*": "noun fs + 3ms suffix - his daughter", "*yitten*": "qal imperfect 3ms - he will give", "*lô*": "preposition + 3ms suffix - to him", "*wə-ʾēt*": "waw conjunction + direct object marker", "*bêt*": "noun ms construct - house of", "*ʾābîw*": "noun ms + 3ms suffix - his father", "*yaʿăśeh*": "qal imperfect 3ms - he will make", "*ḥopšî*": "adjective ms - free", "*bə-yiśrāʾēl*": "preposition + proper noun - in Israel" }, "variants": { "*lə-ḥārēp*": "to taunt/reproach/defy", "*yaʿšərennû*": "will enrich him/will make him wealthy", "*ʿōšer gādôl*": "great wealth/riches", "*yaʿăśeh ḥopšî*": "will make free/will exempt from taxes and service" } }

{ "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.26", "source": "וַיֹּ֣אמֶר דָּוִ֗ד אֶֽל־הָאֲנָשִׁ֞ים הָעֹמְדִ֣ים עִמּוֹ֮ לֵאמֹר֒ מַה־יֵּעָשֶׂ֗ה לָאִישׁ֙ אֲשֶׁ֤ר יַכֶּה֙ אֶת־הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֣י הַלָּ֔ז וְהֵסִ֥יר חֶרְפָּ֖ה מֵעַ֣ל יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל כִּ֣י מִ֗י הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֤י הֶֽעָרֵל֙ הַזֶּ֔ה כִּ֣י חֵרֵ֔ף מַעַרְכ֖וֹת אֱלֹהִ֥ים חַיִּֽים׃", "text": "*wa-yōʾmer* *dāwid* *ʾel* *hā-ʾănāšîm* *hā-ʿōmədîm* *ʿimmô* *lēʾmōr* *mah* *yēʿāśeh* *lā-ʾîš* *ʾăšer* *yakkeh* *ʾet* *ha-pəlištî* *ha-llāz* *wə-hēsîr* *ḥerpâ* *mēʿal* *yiśrāʾēl* *kî* *mî* *ha-pəlištî* *he-ʿārēl* *ha-zeh* *kî* *ḥērēp* *maʿarkôt* *ʾĕlōhîm* *ḥayyîm*", "grammar": { "*wa-yōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms - and he said", "*dāwid*": "proper noun - David", "*ʾel*": "preposition - to", "*hā-ʾănāšîm*": "definite article + noun mp - the men", "*hā-ʿōmədîm*": "definite article + qal participle mp - the ones standing", "*ʿimmô*": "preposition + 3ms suffix - with him", "*lēʾmōr*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - saying", "*mah*": "interrogative - what", "*yēʿāśeh*": "niphal imperfect 3ms - will be done", "*lā-ʾîš*": "preposition + definite article + noun ms - to the man", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - who", "*yakkeh*": "hiphil imperfect 3ms - will strike", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ha-pəlištî*": "definite article + gentilic adjective ms - the Philistine", "*ha-llāz*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun ms - this", "*wə-hēsîr*": "waw conjunction + hiphil perfect 3ms - and removes", "*ḥerpâ*": "noun fs - reproach", "*mēʿal*": "preposition + preposition - from upon", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*mî*": "interrogative pronoun - who", "*ha-pəlištî*": "definite article + gentilic adjective ms - the Philistine", "*he-ʿārēl*": "definite article + adjective ms - the uncircumcised", "*ha-zeh*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun ms - this", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/that", "*ḥērēp*": "piel perfect 3ms - he has reproached", "*maʿarkôt*": "noun fp construct - ranks of", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun mp - God", "*ḥayyîm*": "adjective mp - living" }, "variants": { "*ha-llāz*": "this/that one/yonder one", "*hēsîr ḥerpâ*": "remove reproach/take away disgrace", "*he-ʿārēl*": "the uncircumcised/the unclean", "*ḥērēp*": "reproached/taunted/defied", "*maʿarkôt ʾĕlōhîm ḥayyîm*": "ranks of the living God/battle lines of the living God/armies of the living God" } }

{ "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.27", "source": "וַיֹּ֤אמֶר לוֹ֙ הָעָ֔ם כַּדָּבָ֥ר הַזֶּ֖ה לֵאמֹ֑ר כֹּ֣ה יֵעָשֶׂ֔ה לָאִ֖ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֥ר יַכֶּֽנּוּ׃", "text": "*wa-yōʾmer* *lô* *hā-ʿām* *ka-ddābār* *ha-zeh* *lēʾmōr* *kōh* *yēʿāśeh* *lā-ʾîš* *ʾăšer* *yakkennû*", "grammar": { "*wa-yōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms - and he said", "*lô*": "preposition + 3ms suffix - to him", "*hā-ʿām*": "definite article + noun ms - the people", "*ka-ddābār*": "preposition + definite article + noun ms - according to the word", "*ha-zeh*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun ms - this", "*lēʾmōr*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - saying", "*kōh*": "adverb - thus", "*yēʿāśeh*": "niphal imperfect 3ms - will be done", "*lā-ʾîš*": "preposition + definite article + noun ms - to the man", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - who", "*yakkennû*": "hiphil imperfect 3ms + 3ms suffix - strikes him" }, "variants": { "*ka-ddābār ha-zeh*": "according to this word/in this manner", "*kōh*": "thus/in this way/so" } }

{ "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.28", "source": "וַיִּשְׁמַ֤ע אֱלִיאָב֙ אָחִ֣יו הַגָּד֔וֹל בְּדַבְּר֖וֹ אֶל־הָאֲנָשִׁ֑ים וַיִּֽחַר־אַף֩ אֱלִיאָ֨ב בְּדָוִ֜ד וַיֹּ֣אמֶר ׀ לָמָּה־זֶּ֣ה יָרַ֗דְתָּ וְעַל־מִ֨י נָטַ֜שְׁתָּ מְעַ֨ט הַצֹּ֤אן הָהֵ֙נָּה֙ בַּמִּדְבָּ֔ר אֲנִ֧י יָדַ֣עְתִּי אֶת־זְדֹנְךָ֗ וְאֵת֙ רֹ֣עַ לְבָבֶ֔ךָ כִּ֗י לְמַ֛עַן רְא֥וֹת הַמִּלְחָמָ֖ה יָרָֽדְתָּ׃", "text": "*wa-yišmaʿ* *ʾĕlîʾāb* *ʾāḥîw* *ha-ggādôl* *bə-dabbərô* *ʾel* *hā-ʾănāšîm* *wa-yiḥar* *ʾap* *ʾĕlîʾāb* *bə-dāwid* *wa-yōʾmer* *lāmmâ* *zeh* *yārādtā* *wə-ʿal* *mî* *nāṭaštā* *məʿaṭ* *ha-ṣṣōʾn* *hā-hēnnâ* *ba-mmidbār* *ʾănî* *yādaʿtî* *ʾet* *zədōnəkā* *wə-ʾēt* *rōaʿ* *ləbābekā* *kî* *ləmaʿan* *rəʾôt* *ha-mmilḥāmâ* *yārādtā*", "grammar": { "*wa-yišmaʿ*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms - and he heard", "*ʾĕlîʾāb*": "proper noun - Eliab", "*ʾāḥîw*": "noun ms + 3ms suffix - his brother", "*ha-ggādôl*": "definite article + adjective ms - the oldest", "*bə-dabbərô*": "preposition + piel infinitive construct + 3ms suffix - in his speaking", "*ʾel*": "preposition - to", "*hā-ʾănāšîm*": "definite article + noun mp - the men", "*wa-yiḥar*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms - and it burned", "*ʾap*": "noun ms construct - nose/anger of", "*ʾĕlîʾāb*": "proper noun - Eliab", "*bə-dāwid*": "preposition + proper noun - against David", "*wa-yōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms - and he said", "*lāmmâ*": "preposition + interrogative - why", "*zeh*": "demonstrative pronoun ms - this", "*yārādtā*": "qal perfect 2ms - you came down", "*wə-ʿal*": "waw conjunction + preposition - and upon", "*mî*": "interrogative pronoun - whom", "*nāṭaštā*": "qal perfect 2ms - you left", "*məʿaṭ*": "adjective ms - few", "*ha-ṣṣōʾn*": "definite article + noun fs - the sheep", "*hā-hēnnâ*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun fp - those", "*ba-mmidbār*": "preposition + definite article + noun ms - in the wilderness", "*ʾănî*": "1cs pronoun - I", "*yādaʿtî*": "qal perfect 1cs - I know", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*zədōnəkā*": "noun ms + 2ms suffix - your presumptuousness", "*wə-ʾēt*": "waw conjunction + direct object marker", "*rōaʿ*": "noun ms construct - evil of", "*ləbābekā*": "noun ms + 2ms suffix - your heart", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*ləmaʿan*": "preposition - in order to", "*rəʾôt*": "qal infinitive construct - see", "*ha-mmilḥāmâ*": "definite article + noun fs - the battle", "*yārādtā*": "qal perfect 2ms - you came down" }, "variants": { "*yiḥar ʾap*": "anger burned/became angry", "*lāmmâ zeh*": "why this/for what reason", "*nāṭaštā*": "left/abandoned/entrusted", "*məʿaṭ*": "few/little", "*zədōnəkā*": "your presumptuousness/your pride/your insolence", "*rōaʿ ləbābekā*": "evil of your heart/wickedness of your heart/bad intent" } }

{ "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.29", "source": "וַיֹּ֣אמֶר דָּוִ֔ד מֶ֥ה עָשִׂ֖יתִי עָ֑תָּה הֲל֖וֹא דָּבָ֥ר הֽוּא׃", "text": "*wa-yōʾmer* *dāwid* *meh* *ʿāśîtî* *ʿāttâ* *hălôʾ* *dābār* *hûʾ*", "grammar": { "*wa-yōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms - and he said", "*dāwid*": "proper noun - David", "*meh*": "interrogative - what", "*ʿāśîtî*": "qal perfect 1cs - I have done", "*ʿāttâ*": "adverb - now", "*hălôʾ*": "interrogative + negative particle - is not", "*dābār*": "noun ms - word/matter", "*hûʾ*": "3ms pronoun - it" }, "variants": { "*meh ʿāśîtî*": "what have I done/what did I do", "*hălôʾ dābār hûʾ*": "was it not just a word/isn't it only a question/is it not a matter (of importance)" } }

{ "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.30", "source": "וַיִּסֹּ֤ב מֵֽאֶצְלוֹ֙ אֶל־מ֣וּל אַחֵ֔ר וַיֹּ֖אמֶר כַּדָּבָ֣ר הַזֶּ֑ה וַיְשִׁבֻ֤הוּ הָעָם֙ דָּבָ֔ר כַּדָּבָ֖ר הָרִאשֽׁוֹן׃", "text": "And *wayyissōb* from *mēʾeṣlô* to-*mûl* *ʾaḥēr* and *wayyōʾmer* like-the-*dābār* the-*zeh*; and *wayšibuhû* the-*ʿām* *dābār* like-the-*dābār* the-*rīʾšôn*.", "grammar": { "*wayyissōb*": "waw consecutive + 3rd masculine singular Qal imperfect of *sbb* - and he turned", "*mēʾeṣlô*": "preposition *min* + preposition *ʾēṣel* + 3rd masculine singular suffix - from beside him", "*mûl*": "preposition - direction/opposite/facing", "*ʾaḥēr*": "adjective, masculine singular - another/different", "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + 3rd masculine singular Qal imperfect of *ʾmr* - and he said", "*dābār*": "noun, masculine singular - word/thing/matter", "*zeh*": "demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular - this", "*wayšibuhû*": "waw consecutive + 3rd masculine plural Hiphil imperfect of *šwb* + 3rd masculine singular suffix - and they returned/answered him", "*ʿām*": "noun, masculine singular collective - people", "*rīʾšôn*": "adjective, masculine singular - first/former" }, "variants": { "*wayyissōb*": "turned/turned away/turned around", "*mûl*": "facing/opposite/in front of", "*dābār*": "word/matter/thing/speech" } }

{ "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.31", "source": "וַיְּ‪[t]‬שָּֽׁמְעוּ֙ הַדְּבָרִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֖ר דִּבֶּ֣ר דָּוִ֑ד וַיַּגִּ֥דוּ לִפְנֵֽי־שָׁא֖וּל וַיִּקָּחֵֽהוּ׃", "text": "And *wayyiššāmʿû* the-*dəbārîm* which *dibbēr* *dāwid*; and *wayyaggidû* before-*šāʾûl* and *wayyiqqāḥēhû*.", "grammar": { "*wayyiššāmʿû*": "waw consecutive + 3rd masculine plural Niphal imperfect of *šmʿ* - and they were heard", "*dəbārîm*": "noun, masculine plural construct - words/things/matters", "*dibbēr*": "3rd masculine singular Piel perfect of *dbr* - spoke/said", "*dāwid*": "proper noun - David", "*wayyaggidû*": "waw consecutive + 3rd masculine plural Hiphil imperfect of *ngd* - and they reported/told", "*šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul", "*wayyiqqāḥēhû*": "waw consecutive + 3rd masculine singular Qal imperfect of *lqḥ* + 3rd masculine singular suffix - and he took him" }, "variants": { "*wayyiššāmʿû*": "were heard/became known", "*dəbārîm*": "words/matters/things", "*dibbēr*": "spoke/said/uttered", "*wayyaggidû*": "told/reported/declared", "*wayyiqqāḥēhû*": "took him/summoned him/fetched him" } }

{ "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.32", "source": "וַיֹּ֤אמֶר דָּוִד֙ אֶל־שָׁא֔וּל אַל־יִפֹּ֥ל לֵב־אָדָ֖ם עָלָ֑יו עַבְדְּךָ֣ יֵלֵ֔ךְ וְנִלְחַ֖ם עִם־הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֥י הַזֶּֽה׃", "text": "And *wayyōʾmer* *dāwid* to-*šāʾûl*, \"Not-*yippōl* *lēb*-*ʾādām* upon-him; *ʿabdəkā* *yēlēk* and *nilḥam* with-the-*pəlištî* the-*zeh*.\"", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + 3rd masculine singular Qal imperfect of *ʾmr* - and he said", "*dāwid*": "proper noun - David", "*šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul", "*yippōl*": "3rd masculine singular Qal imperfect of *npl* - he will fall", "*lēb*": "noun, masculine singular construct - heart", "*ʾādām*": "noun, masculine singular - man/person", "*ʿabdəkā*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your servant", "*yēlēk*": "3rd masculine singular Qal imperfect of *hlk* - he will go", "*nilḥam*": "3rd masculine singular Niphal perfect of *lḥm* - he will fight", "*pəlištî*": "gentilic noun, masculine singular - Philistine", "*zeh*": "demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular - this" }, "variants": { "*yippōl*": "fall/fail/falter", "*lēb*": "heart/mind/courage", "*ʾādām*": "man/person/anyone", "*nilḥam*": "fight/do battle with", "*pəlištî*": "Philistine (member of the sea peoples)" } }

{ "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.33", "source": "וַיֹּ֨אמֶר שָׁא֜וּל אֶל־דָּוִ֗ד לֹ֤א תוּכַל֙ לָלֶ֙כֶת֙ אֶל־הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֣י הַזֶּ֔ה לְהִלָּחֵ֖ם עִמּ֑וֹ כִּֽי־נַ֣עַר אַ֔תָּה וְה֛וּא אִ֥ישׁ מִלְחָמָ֖ה מִנְּעֻרָֽיו׃ ס", "text": "And *wayyōʾmer* *šāʾûl* to-*dāwid*, \"Not *tûkal* to-*lāleket* to-the-*pəlištî* the-*zeh* to-*hīllāḥēm* with-him, for-*naʿar* *ʾattāh*, and-he *ʾîš* *milḥāmâ* from-*nəʿurāyw*. *s*\"", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + 3rd masculine singular Qal imperfect of *ʾmr* - and he said", "*šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul", "*dāwid*": "proper noun - David", "*tûkal*": "2nd masculine singular Qal imperfect of *ykl* - you are able", "*lāleket*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct of *hlk* - to go", "*pəlištî*": "gentilic noun, masculine singular - Philistine", "*zeh*": "demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular - this", "*hīllāḥēm*": "Niphal infinitive construct of *lḥm* - to fight", "*naʿar*": "noun, masculine singular - youth/boy", "*ʾattāh*": "2nd masculine singular independent pronoun - you", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular construct - man of", "*milḥāmâ*": "noun, feminine singular - war/battle", "*nəʿurāyw*": "noun, masculine plural construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his youth", "*s*": "section marker in Hebrew text" }, "variants": { "*tûkal*": "be able/prevail/succeed", "*naʿar*": "boy/youth/servant", "*ʾîš*": "man/person/warrior", "*milḥāmâ*": "war/battle/warfare", "*nəʿurāyw*": "his youth/his young age/his adolescence" } }

{ "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.34", "source": "וַיֹּ֤אמֶר דָּוִד֙ אֶל־שָׁא֔וּל רֹעֶ֨ה הָיָ֧ה עַבְדְּךָ֛ לְאָבִ֖יו בַּצֹּ֑אן וּבָ֤א הָֽאֲרִי֙ וְאֶת־הַדּ֔וֹב וְנָשָׂ֥א שֶׂ֖ה מֵהָעֵֽדֶר׃", "text": "And *wayyōʾmer* *dāwid* to-*šāʾûl*, \"*rōʿeh* *hāyâ* *ʿabdəkā* to-*ʾābîw* with-the-*ṣōʾn*, and-*bāʾ* the-*ʾărî* and-*ʾet*-the-*dôb*, and-*nāśāʾ* *śeh* from-the-*ʿēder*.\"", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + 3rd masculine singular Qal imperfect of *ʾmr* - and he said", "*dāwid*": "proper noun - David", "*šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul", "*rōʿeh*": "Qal active participle of *rʿh*, masculine singular - shepherding", "*hāyâ*": "3rd masculine singular Qal perfect of *hyh* - was", "*ʿabdəkā*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your servant", "*ʾābîw*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his father", "*ṣōʾn*": "noun, common singular collective - flock/sheep", "*bāʾ*": "3rd masculine singular Qal perfect of *bwʾ* - came", "*ʾărî*": "noun, masculine singular - lion", "*dôb*": "noun, masculine singular - bear", "*nāśāʾ*": "3rd masculine singular Qal perfect of *nśʾ* - carried/took", "*śeh*": "noun, masculine singular - sheep/lamb", "*ʿēder*": "noun, masculine singular - flock" }, "variants": { "*rōʿeh*": "shepherd/one who tends", "*ṣōʾn*": "sheep/flock/small livestock", "*ʾărî*": "lion/predator", "*dôb*": "bear/predator", "*nāśāʾ*": "took/carried/lifted", "*śeh*": "lamb/sheep/one of the flock", "*ʿēder*": "flock/herd" } }

{ "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.35", "source": "וְיָצָ֧אתִי אַחֲרָ֛יו וְהִכִּתִ֖יו וְהִצַּ֣לְתִּי מִפִּ֑יו וַיָּ֣קָם עָלַ֔י וְהֶחֱזַ֙קְתִּי֙ בִּזְקָנ֔וֹ וְהִכִּתִ֖יו וַהֲמִיתִּֽיו׃", "text": "And-*yāṣāʾtî* after-him and-*hikkîtîw* and-*hiṣṣaltî* from-*pîw*; and-*wayyāqom* against-me and-*heḥĕzaqtî* by-*zəqānô* and-*hikkîtîw* and-*hămîttîw*.", "grammar": { "*yāṣāʾtî*": "1st singular Qal perfect of *yṣʾ* - I went out", "*hikkîtîw*": "1st singular Hiphil perfect of *nkh* + 3rd masculine singular suffix - I struck him", "*hiṣṣaltî*": "1st singular Hiphil perfect of *nṣl* - I rescued/delivered", "*pîw*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - its mouth", "*wayyāqom*": "waw consecutive + 3rd masculine singular Qal imperfect of *qwm* - and he rose", "*heḥĕzaqtî*": "1st singular Hiphil perfect of *ḥzq* - I seized/grasped", "*zəqānô*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his beard", "*hămîttîw*": "1st singular Hiphil perfect of *mwt* + 3rd masculine singular suffix - I killed him" }, "variants": { "*yāṣāʾtî*": "went out/pursued/chased", "*hikkîtîw*": "struck him/attacked him/hit him", "*hiṣṣaltî*": "rescued/delivered/saved", "*pîw*": "his mouth/its jaws", "*wayyāqom*": "rose up/stood up/attacked", "*heḥĕzaqtî*": "seized/grasped firmly/took hold of", "*zəqānô*": "his beard/its mane", "*hămîttîw*": "killed him/put him to death" } }

{ "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.36", "source": "גַּ֧ם אֶֽת־הָאֲרִ֛י גַּם־הַדּ֖וֹב הִכָּ֣ה עַבְדֶּ֑ךָ וְֽ֠הָיָה הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֨י הֶעָרֵ֤ל הַזֶּה֙ כְּאַחַ֣ד מֵהֶ֔ם כִּ֣י חֵרֵ֔ף מַעַרְכֹ֖ת אֱלֹהִ֥ים חַיִּֽים׃ ס", "text": "Both *ʾet*-the-*ʾărî* also-the-*dôb* *hikkâ* *ʿabdekā*; and-*hāyâ* the-*pəlištî* the-*ʿārēl* the-*zeh* like-one of-them, for *ḥērēp* *maʿarkôt* *ʾĕlōhîm* *ḥayyîm*. *s*", "grammar": { "*ʾărî*": "noun, masculine singular - lion", "*dôb*": "noun, masculine singular - bear", "*hikkâ*": "3rd masculine singular Hiphil perfect of *nkh* - he struck", "*ʿabdekā*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your servant", "*hāyâ*": "3rd masculine singular Qal perfect with waw consecutive - and he will be", "*pəlištî*": "gentilic noun, masculine singular - Philistine", "*ʿārēl*": "adjective, masculine singular - uncircumcised", "*zeh*": "demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular - this", "*ḥērēp*": "3rd masculine singular Piel perfect of *ḥrp* - he reproached/defied", "*maʿarkôt*": "noun, feminine plural construct - ranks/battle lines", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine plural - God", "*ḥayyîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - living", "*s*": "section marker in Hebrew text" }, "variants": { "*ʾărî*": "lion/predator", "*dôb*": "bear/predator", "*hikkâ*": "struck/killed/attacked", "*ʿārēl*": "uncircumcised/defiled/outsider", "*ḥērēp*": "defied/reproached/taunted", "*maʿarkôt*": "ranks/battle lines/armies", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "God/gods/divine being", "*ḥayyîm*": "living/alive" } }

{ "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.37", "source": "וַיֹּאמֶר֮ דָּוִד֒ יְהוָ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר הִצִּלַ֜נִי מִיַּ֤ד הָֽאֲרִי֙ וּמִיַּ֣ד הַדֹּ֔ב ה֣וּא יַצִּילֵ֔נִי מִיַּ֥ד הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֖י הַזֶּ֑ה ס וַיֹּ֨אמֶר שָׁא֤וּל אֶל־דָּוִד֙ לֵ֔ךְ וַֽיהוָ֖ה יִהְיֶ֥ה עִמָּֽךְ׃", "text": "And *wayyōʾmer* *dāwid*, \"*Yhwh* who *hiṣṣilanî* from-*yad* the-*ʾărî* and-from-*yad* the-*dōb*, he *yaṣṣīlēnî* from-*yad* the-*pəlištî* the-*zeh*. *s*\" And *wayyōʾmer* *šāʾûl* to-*dāwid*, \"*lēk* and-*Yhwh* *yihyeh* with-you.\"", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + 3rd masculine singular Qal imperfect of *ʾmr* - and he said", "*dāwid*": "proper noun - David", "*Yhwh*": "proper noun - the LORD", "*hiṣṣilanî*": "3rd masculine singular Hiphil perfect of *nṣl* + 1st singular suffix - he rescued me", "*yad*": "noun, feminine singular construct - hand/power", "*ʾărî*": "noun, masculine singular - lion", "*dōb*": "noun, masculine singular - bear", "*yaṣṣīlēnî*": "3rd masculine singular Hiphil imperfect of *nṣl* + 1st singular suffix - he will rescue me", "*pəlištî*": "gentilic noun, masculine singular - Philistine", "*zeh*": "demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular - this", "*šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul", "*lēk*": "masculine singular Qal imperative of *hlk* - go", "*yihyeh*": "3rd masculine singular Qal imperfect of *hyh* - he will be", "*s*": "section marker in Hebrew text" }, "variants": { "*hiṣṣilanî*": "rescued me/delivered me/saved me", "*yad*": "hand/power/control", "*yaṣṣīlēnî*": "will rescue me/will deliver me/will save me", "*lēk*": "go/proceed/depart" } }

{ "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.38", "source": "וַיַּלְבֵּ֨שׁ שָׁא֤וּל אֶת־דָּוִד֙ מַדָּ֔יו וְנָתַ֛ן ק֥וֹבַע נְחֹ֖שֶׁת עַל־רֹאשׁ֑וֹ וַיַּלְבֵּ֥שׁ אֹת֖וֹ שִׁרְיֽוֹן׃", "text": "And *wayyalbēš* *šāʾûl* *ʾet*-*dāwid* *maddāyw* and-*nātan* *kôbaʿ* *nəḥōšet* upon-*rōʾšô*; and *wayyalbēš* *ʾōtô* *širyôn*.", "grammar": { "*wayyalbēš*": "waw consecutive + 3rd masculine singular Hiphil imperfect of *lbš* - and he clothed", "*šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul", "*dāwid*": "proper noun - David", "*maddāyw*": "noun, masculine plural construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his garments", "*nātan*": "3rd masculine singular Qal perfect of *ntn* - he gave/put", "*kôbaʿ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - helmet", "*nəḥōšet*": "noun, feminine singular - bronze/copper", "*rōʾšô*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his head", "*ʾōtô*": "direct object marker + 3rd masculine singular suffix - him", "*širyôn*": "noun, masculine singular - coat of mail/armor" }, "variants": { "*wayyalbēš*": "clothed/dressed/attired", "*maddāyw*": "his garments/his clothes/his military attire", "*kôbaʿ*": "helmet/head covering", "*nəḥōšet*": "bronze/copper", "*širyôn*": "coat of mail/armor/breastplate" } }

{ "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.39", "source": "וַיַּחְגֹּ֣ר דָּוִ֣ד אֶת־חַ֠רְבּוֹ מֵעַ֨ל לְמַדָּ֜יו וַיֹּ֣אֶל לָלֶכֶת֮ כִּ֣י לֹֽא־נִסָּה֒ וַיֹּ֨אמֶר דָּוִ֜ד אֶל־שָׁא֗וּל לֹ֥א אוּכַ֛ל לָלֶ֥כֶת בָּאֵ֖לֶּה כִּ֣י לֹ֣א נִסִּ֑יתִי וַיְסִרֵ֥ם דָּוִ֖ד מֵעָלָֽיו׃", "text": "And *wayyaḥgōr* *dāwid* *ʾet*-*ḥarbô* over to-*maddāyw* and *wayyōʾel* to-*lāleket* for not-*nissâ*. And *wayyōʾmer* *dāwid* to-*šāʾûl*, \"Not *ʾûkal* to-*lāleket* in-these for not *nissîtî*.\" And *waycirēm* *dāwid* from-upon-him.", "grammar": { "*wayyaḥgōr*": "waw consecutive + 3rd masculine singular Qal imperfect of *ḥgr* - and he girded", "*dāwid*": "proper noun - David", "*ḥarbô*": "noun, feminine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his sword", "*maddāyw*": "noun, masculine plural construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his garments", "*wayyōʾel*": "waw consecutive + 3rd masculine singular Hiphil imperfect of *yʾl* - and he tried/attempted", "*lāleket*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct of *hlk* - to walk/go", "*nissâ*": "3rd masculine singular Piel perfect of *nsh* - he had tested/tried", "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + 3rd masculine singular Qal imperfect of *ʾmr* - and he said", "*šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul", "*ʾûkal*": "1st singular Qal imperfect of *ykl* - I am able", "*nissîtî*": "1st singular Piel perfect of *nsh* - I have tested/tried", "*waycirēm*": "waw consecutive + 3rd masculine singular Hiphil imperfect of *swr* + 3rd masculine plural suffix - and he removed them" }, "variants": { "*wayyaḥgōr*": "girded/strapped/fastened", "*ḥarbô*": "his sword/his weapon", "*wayyōʾel*": "tried/attempted/consented", "*nissâ*": "tried/tested/experienced", "*ʾûkal*": "am able/can/capable", "*nissîtî*": "tried/tested/have experience with", "*waycirēm*": "removed them/took them off" } }

{ "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.40", "source": "וַיִּקַּ֨ח מַקְל֜וֹ בְּיָד֗וֹ וַיִּבְחַר־ל֣וֹ חֲמִשָּׁ֣ה חֲ‪[c]‬לֻּקֵֽי־אֲבָנִ֣ים ׀ מִן־הַנַּ֡חַל וַיָּ֣שֶׂם אֹ֠תָם בִּכְלִ֨י הָרֹעִ֧ים אֲשֶׁר־ל֛וֹ וּבַיַּלְק֖וּט וְקַלְּע֣וֹ בְיָד֑וֹ וַיִּגַּ֖שׁ אֶל־הַפְּלִשְׁתִּֽי׃", "text": "And *wayyiqqaḥ* *maqlô* in-*yādô* and *wayyibḥar*-to-him five *ḥalluqê*-*ʾăbānîm* from-the-*naḥal* and *wayyāśem* *ʾōtām* in-*kəlî* the-*rōʿîm* which-to-him and-in-the-*yalqûṭ* and-*qallʿô* in-*yādô*; and *wayyigaš* to-the-*pəlištî*.", "grammar": { "*wayyiqqaḥ*": "waw consecutive + 3rd masculine singular Qal imperfect of *lqḥ* - and he took", "*maqlô*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his staff", "*yādô*": "noun, feminine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his hand", "*wayyibḥar*": "waw consecutive + 3rd masculine singular Qal imperfect of *bḥr* - and he chose", "*ḥalluqê*": "adjective, masculine plural construct - smooth", "*ʾăbānîm*": "noun, feminine plural - stones", "*naḥal*": "noun, masculine singular - brook/stream/wadi", "*wayyāśem*": "waw consecutive + 3rd masculine singular Qal imperfect of *śym* - and he put", "*ʾōtām*": "direct object marker + 3rd masculine plural suffix - them", "*kəlî*": "noun, masculine singular construct - vessel/tool", "*rōʿîm*": "Qal active participle of *rʿh*, masculine plural - shepherds", "*yalqûṭ*": "noun, masculine singular - pouch/bag", "*qallʿô*": "noun, feminine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his sling", "*wayyigaš*": "waw consecutive + 3rd masculine singular Qal imperfect of *ngš* - and he approached", "*pəlištî*": "gentilic noun, masculine singular - Philistine" }, "variants": { "*maqlô*": "his staff/his rod/his stick", "*wayyibḥar*": "chose/selected/picked out", "*ḥalluqê*": "smooth/flat/rounded", "*naḥal*": "brook/stream/wadi/riverbed", "*kəlî*": "vessel/implement/container", "*rōʿîm*": "shepherds/those who tend sheep", "*yalqûṭ*": "pouch/bag/shepherd's bag", "*qallʿô*": "his sling/his slingshot", "*wayyigaš*": "approached/drew near/stepped forward" } }

{ "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.41", "source": "וַיֵּ֙לֶךְ֙ הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֔י הֹלֵ֥ךְ וְקָרֵ֖ב אֶל־דָּוִ֑ד וְהָאִ֛ישׁ נֹשֵׂ֥א הַצִּנָּ֖ה לְפָנָֽיו׃", "text": "And *wayyēlek* the-*pəlištî* *hōlēk* and-*qārēb* to-*dāwid*, and-the-*ʾîš* *nōśēʾ* the-*ṣinnâ* before-him.", "grammar": { "*wayyēlek*": "waw consecutive + 3rd masculine singular Qal imperfect of *hlk* - and he went", "*pəlištî*": "gentilic noun, masculine singular - Philistine", "*hōlēk*": "Qal active participle of *hlk*, masculine singular - going/walking", "*qārēb*": "Qal active participle of *qrb*, masculine singular - approaching/drawing near", "*dāwid*": "proper noun - David", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - man", "*nōśēʾ*": "Qal active participle of *nśʾ*, masculine singular - carrying/bearing", "*ṣinnâ*": "noun, feminine singular - large shield" }, "variants": { "*hōlēk*": "going/walking/proceeding", "*qārēb*": "approaching/drawing near/advancing", "*ʾîš*": "man/person/soldier", "*nōśēʾ*": "carrying/bearing/holding", "*ṣinnâ*": "large shield/body shield" } }

{ "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.42", "source": "וַיַּבֵּ֧ט הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֛י וַיִּרְאֶ֥ה אֶת־דָּוִ֖ד וַיִּבְזֵ֑הוּ כִּֽי־הָיָ֣ה נַ֔עַר וְאַדְמֹנִ֖י עִם־יְפֵ֥ה מַרְאֶֽה׃", "text": "And *wayyabbēṭ* the-*pəlištî* and *wayyirʾeh* *ʾet*-*dāwid* and *wayyibzēhû*, for-*hāyâ* *naʿar* and-*ʾadmōnî* with-*yəpēh* *marʾeh*.", "grammar": { "*wayyabbēṭ*": "waw consecutive + 3rd masculine singular Hiphil imperfect of *nbṭ* - and he looked", "*pəlištî*": "gentilic noun, masculine singular - Philistine", "*wayyirʾeh*": "waw consecutive + 3rd masculine singular Qal imperfect of *rʾh* - and he saw", "*dāwid*": "proper noun - David", "*wayyibzēhû*": "waw consecutive + 3rd masculine singular Qal imperfect of *bzh* + 3rd masculine singular suffix - and he despised him", "*hāyâ*": "3rd masculine singular Qal perfect of *hyh* - he was", "*naʿar*": "noun, masculine singular - youth/boy", "*ʾadmōnî*": "adjective, masculine singular - ruddy/reddish", "*yəpēh*": "adjective, masculine singular construct - beautiful/handsome", "*marʾeh*": "noun, masculine singular - appearance" }, "variants": { "*wayyabbēṭ*": "looked/gazed/observed", "*wayyirʾeh*": "saw/noticed/perceived", "*wayyibzēhû*": "despised him/disdained him/looked down on him", "*naʿar*": "youth/boy/young man", "*ʾadmōnî*": "ruddy/reddish/of fair complexion", "*yəpēh*": "handsome/beautiful/fair", "*marʾeh*": "appearance/look/countenance" } }

{ "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.43", "source": "וַיֹּ֤אמֶר הַפְּלִשְׁתִּי֙ אֶל־דָּוִ֔ד הֲכֶ֣לֶב אָנֹ֔כִי כִּֽי־אַתָּ֥ה בָֽא־אֵלַ֖י בַּמַּקְל֑וֹת וַיְקַלֵּ֧ל הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֛י אֶת־דָּוִ֖ד בֵּאלֹהָֽיו׃", "text": "And *wayyōʾmer* the-*pəlištî* to-*dāwid*, \"?*keleb* *ʾānōkî* that-you *bāʾ*-to-me with-the-*maqlôt*?\" And *wayqallēl* the-*pəlištî* *ʾet*-*dāwid* by-*ʾĕlōhāyw*.", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + 3rd masculine singular Qal imperfect of *ʾmr* - and he said", "*pəlištî*": "gentilic noun, masculine singular - Philistine", "*dāwid*": "proper noun - David", "*keleb*": "noun, masculine singular - dog", "*ʾānōkî*": "1st singular independent pronoun - I", "*bāʾ*": "Qal participle masculine singular construct of *bwʾ* - coming/approaching", "*maqlôt*": "noun, masculine plural - staves/rods/sticks", "*wayqallēl*": "waw consecutive + 3rd masculine singular Piel imperfect of *qll* - and he cursed", "*ʾĕlōhāyw*": "noun, masculine plural construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his gods" }, "variants": { "*keleb*": "dog/contemptible person", "*bāʾ*": "coming/approaching/attacking", "*maqlôt*": "staves/sticks/clubs/rods", "*wayqallēl*": "cursed/reviled/insulted", "*ʾĕlōhāyw*": "his gods/his deities/his divine beings" } }

{ "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.44", "source": "וַיֹּ֥אמֶר הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֖י אֶל־דָּוִ֑ד לְכָ֣ה אֵלַ֔י וְאֶתְּנָה֙ אֶת־בְּשָׂ֣רְךָ֔ לְע֥וֹף הַשָּׁמַ֖יִם וּלְבֶהֱמַ֥ת הַשָּׂדֶֽה׃ ס", "text": "And *wayyōʾmer* the-*pəlištî* to-*dāwid*, \"*ləkâ* to-me, and *ʾettənâ* *ʾet*-*bəśārəkā* to-*ʿôp* the-*šāmayim* and-to-*behĕmat* the-*śādeh*. *s*\"", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + 3rd masculine singular Qal imperfect of *ʾmr* - and he said", "*pəlištî*": "gentilic noun, masculine singular - Philistine", "*dāwid*": "proper noun - David", "*ləkâ*": "Qal imperative masculine singular of *hlk* + directional he - come", "*ʾettənâ*": "1st singular Qal imperfect cohortative of *ntn* - I will give", "*bəśārəkā*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your flesh", "*ʿôp*": "noun, masculine singular construct - birds/fowl", "*šāmayim*": "noun, masculine dual - heavens/sky", "*behĕmat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - beasts/animals", "*śādeh*": "noun, masculine singular - field", "*s*": "section marker in Hebrew text" }, "variants": { "*ləkâ*": "come/approach/go", "*ʾettənâ*": "I will give/I will provide/I will offer", "*bəśārəkā*": "your flesh/your body/your carcass", "*ʿôp*": "birds/fowl/flying creatures", "*šāmayim*": "heavens/sky", "*behĕmat*": "beasts/animals/wildlife", "*śādeh*": "field/open country/wilderness" } }

{ "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.45", "source": "וַיֹּ֤אמֶר דָּוִד֙ אֶל־הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֔י אַתָּה֙ בָּ֣א אֵלַ֔י בְּחֶ֖רֶב וּבַחֲנִ֣ית וּבְכִיד֑וֹן וְאָנֹכִ֣י בָֽא־אֵלֶ֗יךָ בְּשֵׁם֙ יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֔וֹת אֱלֹהֵ֛י מַעַרְכ֥וֹת יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר חֵרַֽפְתָּ׃", "text": "*wə-yōʾmer* *Dāwid* to-the-*pəlištî* you *bāʾ* to-me with-*ḥereb* and-with-*ḥănît* and-with-*kîdôn* and-I *bāʾ*-to-you in-*šēm* *YHWH* *ṣəbāʾôt* *ʾĕlōhê* *maʿărəkôt* *Yiśrāʾēl* whom you-have-*ḥēraptā*", "grammar": { "*wə-yōʾmer*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and said", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun, masculine - David", "*pəlištî*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the Philistine", "*bāʾ*": "qal participle, masculine singular - coming/approaching", "*ḥereb*": "noun, feminine singular - sword", "*ḥănît*": "noun, feminine singular - spear", "*kîdôn*": "noun, masculine singular - javelin/scimitar", "*bāʾ*": "qal participle, masculine singular - coming/approaching", "*šēm*": "noun, masculine singular construct - name of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD (divine name)", "*ṣəbāʾôt*": "noun, feminine plural construct - of hosts/armies", "*ʾĕlōhê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - God of", "*maʿărəkôt*": "noun, feminine plural construct - armies/ranks of", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*ḥēraptā*": "piel perfect, 2nd masculine singular - you have defied/taunted/reproached" }, "variants": { "*kîdôn*": "javelin/scimitar/short spear", "*ṣəbāʾôt*": "armies/hosts/heavenly forces", "*maʿărəkôt*": "battle lines/ranks/armies", "*ḥēraptā*": "defied/taunted/reproached/insulted" } }

{ "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.46", "source": "הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֡ה יְסַגֶּרְךָ֩ יְהוָ֨ה בְּיָדִ֜י וְהִכִּיתִ֗ךָ וַהֲסִרֹתִ֤י אֶת־רֹֽאשְׁךָ֙ מֵעָלֶ֔יךָ וְנָ֨תַתִּ֜י פֶּ֣גֶר מַחֲנֵ֤ה פְלִשְׁתִּים֙ הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֔ה לְע֥וֹף הַשָּׁמַ֖יִם וּלְחַיַּ֣ת הָאָ֑רֶץ וְיֵֽדְעוּ֙ כָּל־הָאָ֔רֶץ כִּ֛י יֵ֥שׁ אֱלֹהִ֖ים לְיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃", "text": "the-*yôm* the-*zeh* *yəsaggerəkā* *YHWH* in-*yād*-my and-*hikkîtîkā* and-*hăsirōtî* *ʾet*-*rōʾš*-your from-upon-you and-*nātattî* *peger* *maḥănēh* *pəlištîm* the-*yôm* the-*zeh* to-*ʿôp* the-*šāmayim* and-to-*ḥayyat* the-*ʾāreṣ* and-*yēdəʿû* all-the-*ʾāreṣ* that *yēš* *ʾĕlōhîm* to-*Yiśrāʾēl*", "grammar": { "*yôm*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the day", "*zeh*": "demonstrative adjective, masculine singular - this", "*yəsaggerəkā*": "piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular with 2nd masculine singular suffix - he will deliver you", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD (divine name)", "*yād*": "noun, feminine singular construct with 1st person suffix - my hand", "*hikkîtîkā*": "hiphil perfect, 1st singular with 2nd masculine singular suffix - I will strike you", "*hăsirōtî*": "hiphil perfect, 1st singular - I will remove", "*rōʾš*": "noun, masculine singular with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your head", "*nātattî*": "qal perfect, 1st singular - I will give", "*peger*": "noun, masculine singular construct - carcass/corpse of", "*maḥănēh*": "noun, masculine singular construct - camp/army of", "*pəlištîm*": "proper noun, masculine plural - Philistines", "*ʿôp*": "noun, masculine singular construct - birds/fowl of", "*šāmayim*": "noun, masculine plural with definite article - the heavens", "*ḥayyat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - beasts/animals of", "*ʾāreṣ*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the earth/land", "*yēdəʿû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd plural - they will know", "*yēš*": "existential particle - there is/exists", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine plural - God", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel" }, "variants": { "*yəsaggerəkā*": "deliver you/shut you up/enclose you", "*peger*": "corpse/carcass/dead body", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "God/gods (grammatically plural form used for singular deity)" } }

{ "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.47", "source": "וְיֵֽדְעוּ֙ כָּל־הַקָּהָ֣ל הַזֶּ֔ה כִּֽי־לֹ֛א בְּחֶ֥רֶב וּבַחֲנִ֖ית יְהוֹשִׁ֣יעַ יְהוָ֑ה כִּ֤י לַֽיהוָה֙ הַמִּלְחָמָ֔ה וְנָתַ֥ן אֶתְכֶ֖ם בְּיָדֵֽנוּ׃", "text": "and-*yēdəʿû* all-the-*qāhāl* the-*zeh* that-not with-*ḥereb* and-with-*ḥănît* *yəhôšîaʿ* *YHWH* for to-*YHWH* the-*milḥāmāh* and-*nātan* *ʾetkem* in-*yād*-our", "grammar": { "*yēdəʿû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd plural - they will know", "*qāhāl*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - assembly/congregation", "*zeh*": "demonstrative adjective, masculine singular - this", "*ḥereb*": "noun, feminine singular - sword", "*ḥănît*": "noun, feminine singular - spear", "*yəhôšîaʿ*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he saves/delivers", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD (divine name)", "*milḥāmāh*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the battle/war", "*nātan*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he will give", "*ʾetkem*": "direct object marker with 2nd masculine plural suffix - you (plural)", "*yād*": "noun, feminine singular construct with 1st plural suffix - our hand" }, "variants": { "*qāhāl*": "assembly/congregation/group", "*yəhôšîaʿ*": "saves/delivers/rescues", "*milḥāmāh*": "battle/war/fight" } }

{ "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.48", "source": "וְהָיָה֙ כִּֽי־קָ֣ם הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֔י וַיֵּ֥לֶךְ וַיִּקְרַ֖ב לִקְרַ֣את דָּוִ֑ד וַיְמַהֵ֣ר דָּוִ֔ד וַיָּ֥רָץ הַמַּעֲרָכָ֖ה לִקְרַ֥את הַפְּלִשְׁתִּֽי׃", "text": "and-*hāyāh* when-*qām* the-*pəlištî* *wə-yēlek* and-*yiqrab* to-*qirʾat* *Dāwid* and-*yəmahēr* *Dāwid* and-*yāroṣ* the-*maʿărākāh* to-*qirʾat* the-*pəlištî*", "grammar": { "*hāyāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - it happened/was", "*qām*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - arose/stood up", "*pəlištî*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the Philistine", "*wə-yēlek*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and went/walked", "*yiqrab*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - approached/drew near", "*qirʾat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - meeting of", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun, masculine - David", "*yəmahēr*": "piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - hastened/hurried", "*yāroṣ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - ran", "*maʿărākāh*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the battle line/array", "*qirʾat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - meeting of", "*pəlištî*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the Philistine" }, "variants": { "*maʿărākāh*": "battle line/formation/ranks/array" } }

{ "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.49", "source": "וַיִּשְׁלַח֩ דָּוִ֨ד אֶת־יָד֜וֹ אֶל־הַכֶּ֗לִי וַיִּקַּ֨ח מִשָּׁ֥ם אֶ֙בֶן֙ וַיְקַלַּ֔ע וַיַּ֥ךְ אֶת־הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֖י אֶל־מִצְח֑וֹ וַתִּטְבַּ֤ע הָאֶ֙בֶן֙ בְּמִצְח֔וֹ וַיִּפֹּ֥ל עַל־פָּנָ֖יו אָֽרְצָה׃", "text": "*wə-yišlaḥ* *Dāwid* *ʾet*-*yād*-his to-the-*kelî* *wə-yiqqaḥ* from-there *ʾeben* and-*yəqallaʿ* and-*yaḵ* *ʾet*-the-*pəlištî* to-*mēṣaḥ*-his *wa-tiṭbaʿ* the-*ʾeben* in-*mēṣaḥ*-his and-*yippōl* on-*pānîm*-his *ʾarṣāh*", "grammar": { "*wə-yišlaḥ*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and sent/put out", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun, masculine - David", "*yād*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his hand", "*kelî*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the vessel/bag/pouch", "*wə-yiqqaḥ*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and took", "*ʾeben*": "noun, feminine singular - stone", "*yəqallaʿ*": "piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - slung/hurled", "*yaḵ*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - struck", "*pəlištî*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the Philistine", "*mēṣaḥ*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his forehead", "*wa-tiṭbaʿ*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and sank/penetrated", "*ʾeben*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the stone", "*mēṣaḥ*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his forehead", "*yippōl*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - fell", "*pānîm*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his face", "*ʾarṣāh*": "noun, feminine singular with directional suffix - to the ground" }, "variants": { "*kelî*": "vessel/bag/pouch/equipment", "*yəqallaʿ*": "slung/hurled/shot", "*tiṭbaʿ*": "sank/penetrated/embedded" } }

{ "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.50", "source": "וַיֶּחֱזַ֨ק דָּוִ֤ד מִן־הַפְּלִשְׁתִּי֙ בַּקֶּ֣לַע וּבָאֶ֔בֶן וַיַּ֥ךְ אֶת־הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֖י וַיְמִיתֵ֑הוּ וְחֶ֖רֶב אֵ֥ין בְּיַד־דָּוִֽד׃", "text": "*wə-yeḥĕzaq* *Dāwid* from-the-*pəlištî* with-the-*qelaʿ* and-with-the-*ʾeben* and-*yaḵ* *ʾet*-the-*pəlištî* and-*yəmîtēhû* and-*ḥereb* *ʾên* in-*yad*-*Dāwid*", "grammar": { "*wə-yeḥĕzaq*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and prevailed/was stronger", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun, masculine - David", "*pəlištî*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the Philistine", "*qelaʿ*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the sling", "*ʾeben*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the stone", "*yaḵ*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - struck", "*pəlištî*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the Philistine", "*yəmîtēhû*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - killed him", "*ḥereb*": "noun, feminine singular - sword", "*ʾên*": "negative existential particle - there was not", "*yad*": "noun, feminine singular construct - hand of", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun, masculine - David" }, "variants": { "*yeḥĕzaq*": "prevailed/was stronger/overcame", "*qelaʿ*": "sling/slingshot" } }

{ "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.51", "source": "וַיָּ֣רָץ דָּ֠וִד וַיַּעֲמֹ֨ד אֶל־הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֜י וַיִּקַּ֣ח אֶת־חַ֠רְבּוֹ וַֽיִּשְׁלְפָ֤הּ מִתַּעְרָהּ֙ וַיְמֹ֣תְתֵ֔הוּ וַיִּכְרָת־בָּ֖הּ אֶת־רֹאשׁ֑וֹ וַיִּרְא֧וּ הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֛ים כִּֽי־מֵ֥ת גִּבּוֹרָ֖ם וַיָּנֻֽסוּ׃", "text": "*wə-yāroṣ* *Dāwid* and-*yaʿămōd* to-the-*pəlištî* and-*yiqqaḥ* *ʾet*-*ḥarbô* and-*yišləpāhh* from-*taʿrāh* and-*yəmōtətēhû* and-*yiḵrōt*-with-it *ʾet*-*rōʾš*-his and-*yirʾû* the-*pəlištîm* that-*mēt* *gibbôrām* and-*yānusû*", "grammar": { "*wə-yāroṣ*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and ran", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun, masculine - David", "*yaʿămōd*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - stood", "*pəlištî*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the Philistine", "*yiqqaḥ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - took", "*ḥarbô*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his sword", "*yišləpāhh*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular with 3rd feminine singular suffix - drew it", "*taʿrāh*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd feminine singular suffix - its sheath", "*yəmōtətēhû*": "polel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - killed him", "*yiḵrōt*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - cut off", "*rōʾš*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his head", "*yirʾû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - saw", "*pəlištîm*": "proper noun, masculine plural with definite article - the Philistines", "*mēt*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - died/was dead", "*gibbôrām*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their champion/mighty man", "*yānusû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - fled" }, "variants": { "*yišləpāhh*": "drew it/pulled it out", "*yəmōtətēhû*": "killed him/put him to death", "*gibbôrām*": "champion/mighty man/warrior" } }

{ "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.52", "source": "וַיָּקֻ֣מוּ אַנְשֵׁי֩ יִשְׂרָאֵ֨ל וִיהוּדָ֜ה וַיָּרִ֗עוּ וַֽיִּרְדְּפוּ֙ אֶת־הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים עַד־בּוֹאֲךָ֣ גַ֔יְא וְעַ֖ד שַׁעֲרֵ֣י עֶקְר֑וֹן וַֽיִּפְּל֞וּ חַֽלְלֵ֤י פְלִשְׁתִּים֙ בְּדֶ֣רֶךְ שַׁעֲרַ֔יִם וְעַד־גַּ֖ת וְעַד־עֶקְרֽוֹן", "text": "*wə-yāqumû* *ʾanšê* *Yiśrāʾēl* and-*Yəhûdāh* and-*yārîʿû* and-*yirdəpû* *ʾet*-the-*pəlištîm* until-*bôʾăḵā* *gayʾ* and-until *šaʿărê* *ʿeqrôn* and-*yippəlû* *ḥalələê* *pəlištîm* in-*dereḵ* *šaʿărayim* and-until-*gat* and-until-*ʿeqrôn*", "grammar": { "*wə-yāqumû*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and arose/stood up", "*ʾanšê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - men of", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*Yəhûdāh*": "proper noun - Judah", "*yārîʿû*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - shouted", "*yirdəpû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - pursued", "*pəlištîm*": "proper noun, masculine plural with definite article - the Philistines", "*bôʾăḵā*": "qal infinitive construct with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your coming/entrance to", "*gayʾ*": "noun, masculine singular - valley", "*šaʿărê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - gates of", "*ʿeqrôn*": "proper noun - Ekron", "*yippəlû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - fell", "*ḥalələê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - wounded/slain of", "*pəlištîm*": "proper noun, masculine plural - Philistines", "*dereḵ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - way/road of", "*šaʿărayim*": "proper noun - Shaaraim", "*gat*": "proper noun - Gath", "*ʿeqrôn*": "proper noun - Ekron" }, "variants": { "*yārîʿû*": "shouted/raised war cry", "*ḥalələê*": "wounded/slain/fallen", "*šaʿărayim*": "proper name Shaaraim/possibly 'two gates'" } }

{ "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.53", "source": "וַיָּשֻׁ֙בוּ֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל מִדְּלֹ֖ק אַחֲרֵ֣י פְלִשְׁתִּ֑ים וַיָּשֹׁ֖סּוּ אֶת־מַחֲנֵיהֶֽם׃", "text": "*wə-yāšuḇû* *bənê* *Yiśrāʾēl* from-*dəlōq* after *pəlištîm* and-*yāšossû* *ʾet*-*maḥănêhem*", "grammar": { "*wə-yāšuḇû*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and returned", "*bənê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons/children of", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*dəlōq*": "qal infinitive construct - pursuing hotly", "*pəlištîm*": "proper noun, masculine plural - Philistines", "*yāšossû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - plundered", "*maḥănêhem*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their camps" }, "variants": { "*dəlōq*": "pursuing hotly/chasing", "*yāšossû*": "plundered/looted/spoiled" } }

{ "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.54", "source": "וַיִּקַּ֤ח דָּוִד֙ אֶת־רֹ֣אשׁ הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֔י וַיְבִאֵ֖הוּ יְרוּשָׁלָ֑͏ִם וְאֶת־כֵּלָ֖יו שָׂ֥ם בְּאָהֳלֽוֹ׃", "text": "*wə-yiqqaḥ* *Dāwid* *ʾet*-*rōʾš* the-*pəlištî* and-*yəḇiʾēhû* *Yərûšālā͏im* and-*ʾet*-*kēlāyw* *śām* in-*ʾohŏlô*", "grammar": { "*wə-yiqqaḥ*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and took", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun, masculine - David", "*rōʾš*": "noun, masculine singular construct - head of", "*pəlištî*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the Philistine", "*yəḇiʾēhû*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - brought it", "*Yərûšālā͏im*": "proper noun - Jerusalem", "*kēlāyw*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his weapons/equipment", "*śām*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - put/placed", "*ʾohŏlô*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his tent" }, "variants": { "*kēlāyw*": "weapons/equipment/armor/tools" } }

{ "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.55", "source": "וְכִרְא֨וֹת שָׁא֜וּל אֶת־דָּוִ֗ד יֹצֵא֙ לִקְרַ֣את הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֔י אָמַ֗ר אֶל־אַבְנֵר֙ שַׂ֣ר הַצָּבָ֔א בֶּן־מִי־זֶ֥ה הַנַּ֖עַר אַבְנֵ֑ר וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אַבְנֵ֔ר חֵֽי־נַפְשְׁךָ֥ הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ אִם־יָדָֽעְתִּי׃", "text": "and-when-*kirʾôt* *Šāʾûl* *ʾet*-*Dāwid* *yōṣēʾ* to-*qirʾat* the-*pəlištî* *ʾāmar* to-*ʾaḇnēr* *śar* the-*ṣāḇāʾ* son-of-who-*zeh* the-*naʿar* *ʾaḇnēr* and-*yōʾmer* *ʾaḇnēr* by-*ḥê*-*nepšəḵā* the-*meleḵ* if-*yādāʿtî*", "grammar": { "*kirʾôt*": "qal infinitive construct - seeing", "*Šāʾûl*": "proper noun, masculine - Saul", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun, masculine - David", "*yōṣēʾ*": "qal participle, masculine singular - going out", "*qirʾat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - meeting of", "*pəlištî*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the Philistine", "*ʾāmar*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - said", "*ʾaḇnēr*": "proper noun, masculine - Abner", "*śar*": "noun, masculine singular construct - commander of", "*ṣāḇāʾ*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the army", "*zeh*": "demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular - this", "*naʿar*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the young man/youth", "*ʾaḇnēr*": "proper noun, masculine - Abner", "*yōʾmer*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - said", "*ʾaḇnēr*": "proper noun, masculine - Abner", "*ḥê*": "adjective, masculine singular construct - life of", "*nepšəḵā*": "noun, feminine singular with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your soul", "*meleḵ*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the king", "*yādāʿtî*": "qal perfect, 1st singular - I know" }, "variants": { "*kirʾôt*": "seeing/watching/observing", "*naʿar*": "young man/youth/servant/boy", "*ḥê-nepšəḵā*": "as your soul lives/by your life (oath formula)" } }

{ "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.56", "source": "וַיֹּ֖אמֶר הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ שְׁאַ֣ל אַתָּ֔ה בֶּן־מִי־זֶ֖ה הָעָֽלֶם׃", "text": "*wə-yōʾmer* the-*meleḵ* *šəʾal* you son-of-who-*zeh* the-*ʿālem*", "grammar": { "*wə-yōʾmer*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and said", "*meleḵ*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the king", "*šəʾal*": "qal imperative, masculine singular - ask/inquire", "*zeh*": "demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular - this", "*ʿālem*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the young man/youth" }, "variants": { "*ʿālem*": "young man/youth/lad (slightly different word than *naʿar* in previous verse)" } }

{ "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.57", "source": "וּכְשׁ֣וּב דָּוִ֗ד מֵֽהַכּוֹת֙ אֶת־הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֔י וַיִּקַּ֤ח אֹתוֹ֙ אַבְנֵ֔ר וַיְבִאֵ֖הוּ לִפְנֵ֣י שָׁא֑וּל וְרֹ֥אשׁ הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֖י בְּיָדֽוֹ׃", "text": "and-when-*šûḇ* *Dāwid* from-*hakkôt* *ʾet*-the-*pəlištî* and-*yiqqaḥ* *ʾōtô* *ʾaḇnēr* and-*yəḇiʾēhû* before *Šāʾûl* and-*rōʾš* the-*pəlištî* in-*yādô*", "grammar": { "*šûḇ*": "qal infinitive construct - returning", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun, masculine - David", "*hakkôt*": "hiphil infinitive construct - striking/killing", "*pəlištî*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the Philistine", "*yiqqaḥ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - took", "*ʾōtô*": "direct object marker with 3rd masculine singular suffix - him", "*ʾaḇnēr*": "proper noun, masculine - Abner", "*yəḇiʾēhû*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - brought him", "*Šāʾûl*": "proper noun, masculine - Saul", "*rōʾš*": "noun, masculine singular construct - head of", "*pəlištî*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the Philistine", "*yādô*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his hand" }, "variants": { "*hakkôt*": "striking/killing/slaying" } }

{ "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.58", "source": "וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֵלָיו֙ שָׁא֔וּל בֶּן־מִ֥י אַתָּ֖ה הַנָּ֑עַר וַיֹּ֣אמֶר דָּוִ֔ד בֶּֽן־עַבְדְּךָ֥ יִשַׁ֖י בֵּ֥ית הַלַּחְמִֽי׃", "text": "*wa-yōʾmer* *ʾēlāyw* *Šāʾûl* *ben*-*mî* *ʾattâ* the-*naʿar* *wa-yōʾmer* *Dāwid* *ben*-*ʿabdĕkā* *Yišay* *bêt* the-*laḥmî*", "grammar": { "*wa-yōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*ʾēlāyw*": "preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - to him", "*Šāʾûl*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Saul", "*ben*": "construct state, masculine singular - son of", "*mî*": "interrogative pronoun - who", "*ʾattâ*": "2nd masculine singular pronoun - you", "*ha-naʿar*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the young man/youth", "*wa-yōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun, masculine singular - David", "*ben*": "construct state, masculine singular - son of", "*ʿabdĕkā*": "masculine singular noun + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your servant", "*Yišay*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Jesse", "*bêt*": "construct state, masculine singular - house of/from", "*ha-laḥmî*": "definite article + gentilic adjective - the Bethlehemite" }, "variants": { "*ben-mî*": "whose son/son of whom", "*naʿar*": "young man/youth/servant/boy", "*ben-ʿabdĕkā*": "son of your servant", "*bêt ha-laḥmî*": "house of the Bethlehemite/Bethlehemite/from Bethlehem" } }