{ "verseID": "1 Samuel.24.1", "source": "וַיַּ֥עַל דָּוִ֖ד מִשָּׁ֑ם וַיֵּ֖שֶׁב בִּמְצָד֥וֹת עֵֽין־גֶּֽדִי׃", "text": "And *wayaʿal* *Dāwid* from *šām* and *wayyēšeb* in *meṣādôt* *ʿÊn-gedî*", "grammar": { "*wayaʿal*": "waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he went up", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun, masculine singular - David", "*šām*": "adverb - there/that place", "*wayyēšeb*": "waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he dwelt/sat/remained", "*meṣādôt*": "noun, feminine plural construct - strongholds/fortresses of", "*ʿÊn-gedî*": "proper noun - En-gedi (place name, literally 'spring of the kid')" }, "variants": { "*wayaʿal*": "went up/ascended/departed", "*wayyēšeb*": "dwelt/sat/remained/settled", "*meṣādôt*": "strongholds/fortresses/mountain refuges" } }

{ "verseID": "1 Samuel.24.2", "source": "וַיְהִ֗י כַּֽאֲשֶׁר֙ שָׁ֣ב שָׁא֔וּל מֵאַחֲרֵ֖י פְּלִשְׁתִּ֑ים וַיַּגִּ֤דוּ לוֹ֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר הִנֵּ֣ה דָוִ֔ד בְּמִדְבַּ֖ר עֵ֥ין גֶּֽדִי׃ ס", "text": "And *wayehî* when *šāb* *Šāʾûl* from after *Pelištîm* and *wayyaggidû* to him *lēmōr* *hinnêh* *Dāwid* in *midbar* *ʿÊn* *gedî*", "grammar": { "*wayehî*": "waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular of *hāyâ* - and it happened/came to pass", "*šāb*": "perfect, 3rd masculine singular - returned/turned back", "*Šāʾûl*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Saul", "*Pelištîm*": "proper noun, masculine plural - Philistines", "*wayyaggidû*": "waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd plural of *nāgad* - and they told/reported", "*lēmōr*": "preposition + infinitive construct - saying", "*hinnêh*": "demonstrative particle - behold/look", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun, masculine singular - David", "*midbar*": "noun, masculine singular construct - wilderness/desert of", "*ʿÊn*": "noun, feminine singular construct - spring of", "*gedî*": "proper noun - Gedi" }, "variants": { "*wayehî*": "and it happened/came to pass/was", "*šāb*": "returned/turned back/came back", "*wayyaggidû*": "told/reported/informed/declared" } }

{ "verseID": "1 Samuel.24.3", "source": "וַיִּקַּ֣ח שָׁא֗וּל שְׁלֹ֧שֶׁת אֲלָפִ֛ים אִ֥ישׁ בָּח֖וּר מִכָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיֵּ֗לֶךְ לְבַקֵּ֤שׁ אֶת־דָּוִד֙ וַֽאֲנָשָׁ֔יו עַל־פְּנֵ֖י צוּרֵ֥י הַיְּעֵלִֽים׃", "text": "And *wayyiqqaḥ* *Šāʾûl* three *ʾălāpîm* *ʾîš* *bāḥûr* from all *Yiśrāʾēl* and *wayyēlek* to *baqqēš* *ʾet*-*Dāwid* and his men upon *penê* *ṣûrê* *hayyeʿēlîm*", "grammar": { "*wayyiqqaḥ*": "waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular of *lāqaḥ* - and he took", "*Šāʾûl*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Saul", "*ʾălāpîm*": "noun, masculine plural construct - thousands of", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - man/men", "*bāḥûr*": "passive participle, masculine singular - chosen/select", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*wayyēlek*": "waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular of *hālak* - and he went", "*baqqēš*": "infinitive construct, Piel stem - to seek", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun, masculine singular - David", "*penê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - faces of/surface of", "*ṣûrê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - rocks of", "*hayyeʿēlîm*": "definite article + noun, masculine plural - the wild goats/mountain goats" }, "variants": { "*wayyiqqaḥ*": "took/selected/chose", "*bāḥûr*": "chosen/select/elite/young", "*baqqēš*": "to seek/search for/pursue", "*ṣûrê*": "rocks/crags/cliffs", "*hayyeʿēlîm*": "wild goats/mountain goats/ibexes" } }

{ "verseID": "1 Samuel.24.4", "source": "וַ֠יָּבֹא אֶל־גִּדְר֨וֹת הַצֹּ֤אן עַל־הַדֶּ֙רֶךְ וְשָׁ֣ם מְעָרָ֔ה וַיָּבֹ֥א שָׁא֖וּל לְהָסֵ֣ךְ אֶת־רַגְלָ֑יו וְדָוִד֙ וַאֲנָשָׁ֔יו בְּיַרְכְּתֵ֥י הַמְּעָרָ֖ה יֹשְׁבִֽים׃", "text": "And *wayyābōʾ* to *gidrôt* *haṣṣōʾn* upon *hadderek* and there *meʿārâ* and *wayyābōʾ* *Šāʾûl* to *hāsēk* *ʾet*-*raglāyw* and *Dāwid* and his men in *yarketê* *hammeʿārâ* *yōšbîm*", "grammar": { "*wayyābōʾ*": "waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular of *bôʾ* - and he came", "*gidrôt*": "noun, feminine plural construct - sheepfolds of", "*haṣṣōʾn*": "definite article + noun, common plural - the sheep/flock", "*hadderek*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the way/road", "*meʿārâ*": "noun, feminine singular - cave", "*wayyābōʾ*": "waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular of *bôʾ* - and he came/entered", "*Šāʾûl*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Saul", "*hāsēk*": "infinitive construct with preposition, Hiphil stem - to cover/relieve", "*raglāyw*": "noun, feminine dual + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his feet", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun, masculine singular - David", "*yarketê*": "noun, feminine plural construct - innermost parts/recesses of", "*hammeʿārâ*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the cave", "*yōšbîm*": "participle, masculine plural, Qal stem - sitting/dwelling" }, "variants": { "*gidrôt*": "sheepfolds/enclosures/pens", "*hāsēk*": "to cover/relieve/ease oneself (euphemism for defecation)", "*yarketê*": "innermost parts/recesses/far end", "*yōšbîm*": "sitting/dwelling/staying/hiding" } }

{ "verseID": "1 Samuel.24.5", "source": "וַיֹּאמְרוּ֩ אַנְשֵׁ֨י דָוִ֜ד אֵלָ֗יו הִנֵּ֨ה הַיּ֜וֹם אֲ‍ֽשֶׁר־אָמַ֧ר יְהוָ֣ה אֵלֶ֗יךָ הִנֵּ֨ה אָנֹכִ֜י נֹתֵ֤ן אֶת־*איביך **אֹֽיִבְךָ֙ בְּיָדֶ֔ךָ וְעָשִׂ֣יתָ לּ֔וֹ כַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר יִטַ֣ב בְּעֵינֶ֑יךָ וַיָּ֣קָם דָּוִ֗ד וַיִּכְרֹ֛ת אֶת־כְּנַֽף־הַמְּעִ֥יל אֲשֶׁר־לְשָׁא֖וּל בַּלָּֽט׃", "text": "And *wayyōmerû* *ʾanšê* *Dāwid* to him *hinnêh* *hayyôm* which *ʾāmar* *YHWH* to you *hinnêh* *ʾānōkî* *nōtēn* *ʾet*-*ʾōyibkā* in *yādekā* and *weʿāśîtā* to him as *yîṭab* in *ʿênêkā* and *wayyāqom* *Dāwid* and *wayyikrōt* *ʾet*-*kenap*-*hammeʿîl* which to *Šāʾûl* in *ballāṭ*", "grammar": { "*wayyōmerû*": "waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine plural of *ʾāmar* - and they said", "*ʾanšê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - men of", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun, masculine singular - David", "*hinnêh*": "demonstrative particle - behold/look", "*hayyôm*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the day", "*ʾāmar*": "perfect, 3rd masculine singular - said/spoke", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - Yahweh/LORD", "*ʾānōkî*": "personal pronoun, 1st person singular - I", "*nōtēn*": "participle, masculine singular - giving", "*ʾōyibkā*": "noun, masculine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your enemy", "*yādekā*": "noun, feminine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your hand", "*weʿāśîtā*": "waw-consecutive perfect, 2nd masculine singular - and you will do", "*yîṭab*": "imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, Qal stem - it is good/pleasing", "*ʿênêkā*": "noun, feminine dual + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your eyes", "*wayyāqom*": "waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular of *qûm* - and he arose", "*wayyikrōt*": "waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular of *kārat* - and he cut off", "*kenap*": "noun, masculine singular construct - edge/corner of", "*hammeʿîl*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the robe", "*Šāʾûl*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Saul", "*ballāṭ*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - in secret/quietly" }, "variants": { "*ʾāmar*": "said/spoke/promised", "*nōtēn*": "giving/delivering/handing over", "*weʿāśîtā*": "you will do/you may do/do", "*yîṭab*": "is good/pleases/seems right", "*kenap*": "edge/corner/skirt/extremity", "*ballāṭ*": "secretly/quietly/gently" } }

{ "verseID": "1 Samuel.24.6", "source": "וַֽיְהִי֙ אַֽחֲרֵי־כֵ֔ן וַיַּ֥ךְ לֵב־דָּוִ֖ד אֹת֑וֹ עַ֚ל אֲשֶׁ֣ר כָּרַ֔ת אֶת־כָּנָ֖ף אֲשֶׁ֥ר לְשָׁאֽוּל׃ ס", "text": "And *wayehî* after this and *wayyak* *lēb*-*Dāwid* *ʾōtô* because that *kārat* *ʾet*-*kānāp* which to *Šāʾûl*", "grammar": { "*wayehî*": "waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular of *hāyâ* - and it happened/came to pass", "*wayyak*": "waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular of *nākâ* - and it struck", "*lēb*": "noun, masculine singular construct - heart of", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun, masculine singular - David", "*ʾōtô*": "direct object marker + 3rd masculine singular suffix - him", "*kārat*": "perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he cut off", "*kānāp*": "noun, masculine singular - edge/corner", "*Šāʾûl*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Saul" }, "variants": { "*wayehî*": "and it happened/came to pass/was", "*wayyak*": "struck/smote/beat (metaphorically: troubled/bothered)", "*lēb*": "heart/mind/conscience", "*kārat*": "cut off/cut/severed" } }

{ "verseID": "1 Samuel.24.7", "source": "וַיֹּ֨אמֶר לַאֲנָשָׁ֜יו חָלִ֧ילָה לִּ֣י מֵֽיהוָ֗ה אִם־אֶעֱשֶׂה֩ אֶת־הַדָּבָ֨ר הַזֶּ֤ה לַֽאדֹנִי֙ לִמְשִׁ֣יחַ יְהוָ֔ה לִשְׁלֹ֥חַ יָדִ֖י בּ֑וֹ כִּֽי־מְשִׁ֥יחַ יְהוָ֖ה הֽוּא׃", "text": "And *wayyōmer* to his men *ḥālîlâ* to me from *YHWH* if *ʾeʿĕśeh* *ʾet*-*haddābār* *hazzeh* to my *ʾadōnî* to *mešîaḥ* *YHWH* to *šĕlōaḥ* my *yādî* against him because *mešîaḥ* *YHWH* he", "grammar": { "*wayyōmer*": "waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular of *ʾāmar* - and he said", "*ḥālîlâ*": "interjection - far be it", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - Yahweh/LORD", "*ʾeʿĕśeh*": "imperfect, 1st person singular of *ʿāśâ* - I should do", "*haddābār*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the thing/word/matter", "*hazzeh*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular - this", "*ʾadōnî*": "noun, masculine singular + 1st person singular suffix - my lord/master", "*mešîaḥ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - anointed of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - Yahweh/LORD", "*šĕlōaḥ*": "infinitive construct - to stretch out/send", "*yādî*": "noun, feminine singular + 1st person singular suffix - my hand", "*mešîaḥ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - anointed of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - Yahweh/LORD" }, "variants": { "*ḥālîlâ*": "far be it/God forbid/by no means", "*ʾeʿĕśeh*": "I should do/I would do/I will do", "*mešîaḥ*": "anointed one/messiah", "*šĕlōaḥ*": "to stretch out/send/extend (with hostile intent)" } }

{ "verseID": "1 Samuel.24.8", "source": "וַיְשַׁסַּ֨ע דָּוִ֤ד אֶת־אֲנָשָׁיו֙ בַּדְּבָרִ֔ים וְלֹ֥א נְתָנָ֖ם לָק֣וּם אֶל־שָׁא֑וּל וְשָׁא֛וּל קָ֥ם מֵהַמְּעָרָ֖ה וַיֵּ֥לֶךְ בַּדָּֽרֶךְ׃ ס", "text": "And *wayešassaʿ* *Dāwid* *ʾet*-his men with *debārîm* and not *netānām* to *lāqûm* against *Šāʾûl* and *Šāʾûl* *qām* from *hammeʿārâ* and *wayyēlek* in *haddārek*", "grammar": { "*wayešassaʿ*": "waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, Piel stem - and he restrained/rebuked", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun, masculine singular - David", "*debārîm*": "noun, masculine plural - words", "*netānām*": "perfect, 3rd masculine singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - he permitted them", "*lāqûm*": "preposition + infinitive construct - to rise/arise", "*Šāʾûl*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Saul", "*qām*": "perfect, 3rd masculine singular - arose/got up", "*hammeʿārâ*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the cave", "*wayyēlek*": "waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular of *hālak* - and he went", "*haddārek*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the way/road" }, "variants": { "*wayešassaʿ*": "restrained/rebuked/tore apart (figuratively: divided)/persuaded", "*debārîm*": "words/matters/things/statements", "*netānām*": "permitted/allowed/gave them", "*lāqûm*": "to rise/arise/stand/attack", "*qām*": "arose/got up/departed" } }

{ "verseID": "1 Samuel.24.9", "source": "וַיָּ֨קָם דָּוִ֜ד אַחֲרֵי־כֵ֗ן וַיֵּצֵא֙ *מן־‪[t]‬ *המערה **מֵֽהַמְּעָרָ֔ה וַיִּקְרָ֧א אַֽחֲרֵי־שָׁא֛וּל לֵאמֹ֖ר אֲדֹנִ֣י הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ וַיַּבֵּ֤ט שָׁאוּל֙ אַֽחֲרָ֔יו וַיִקֹּ֨ד דָּוִ֥ד אַפַּ֛יִם אַ֖רְצָה וַיִּשְׁתָּֽחוּ׃ ס", "text": "And *wayyāqom* *Dāwid* after that and *wayyēṣēʾ* from *hammeʿārâ* and *wayyiqrāʾ* after *Šāʾûl* *lēmōr* *ʾădōnî* *hammelek* and *wayyabbēṭ* *Šāʾûl* after him and *wayyiqōd* *Dāwid* *ʾappayim* *ʾarṣāh* and *wayyištāḥû*", "grammar": { "*wayyāqom*": "waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular of *qûm* - and he arose", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun, masculine singular - David", "*wayyēṣēʾ*": "waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular of *yāṣāʾ* - and he went out", "*hammeʿārâ*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the cave", "*wayyiqrāʾ*": "waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular of *qārāʾ* - and he called", "*Šāʾûl*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Saul", "*lēmōr*": "preposition + infinitive construct - saying", "*ʾădōnî*": "noun, masculine singular + 1st person singular suffix - my lord", "*hammelek*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the king", "*wayyabbēṭ*": "waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, Hiphil stem - and he looked", "*Šāʾûl*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Saul", "*wayyiqōd*": "waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular of *qādad* - and he bowed down", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun, masculine singular - David", "*ʾappayim*": "noun, masculine dual - face/nostrils", "*ʾarṣāh*": "noun, feminine singular + directional *hê* - to the ground", "*wayyištāḥû*": "waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, Hishtaphel stem - and he prostrated himself" }, "variants": { "*wayyiqrāʾ*": "called/cried out/proclaimed", "*ʾappayim*": "face/nostrils (dual form: both sides of face)", "*wayyištāḥû*": "prostrated himself/bowed down/paid homage" } }

{ "verseID": "1 Samuel.24.10", "source": "וַיֹּ֤אמֶר דָּוִד֙ לְשָׁא֔וּל לָ֧מָּה תִשְׁמַ֛ע אֶת־דִּבְרֵ֥י אָדָ֖ם לֵאמֹ֑ר הִנֵּ֣ה דָוִ֔ד מְבַקֵּ֖שׁ רָעָתֶֽךָ׃", "text": "And *wayyōmer* *Dāwid* to *Šāʾûl* why *tišmaʿ* *ʾet*-*dibrê* *ʾādām* *lēmōr* *hinnêh* *Dāwid* *mebaqqēš* *rāʿātekā*", "grammar": { "*wayyōmer*": "waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular of *ʾāmar* - and he said", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun, masculine singular - David", "*Šāʾûl*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Saul", "*tišmaʿ*": "imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you listen/hear", "*dibrê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - words of", "*ʾādām*": "noun, masculine singular - man/mankind", "*lēmōr*": "preposition + infinitive construct - saying", "*hinnêh*": "demonstrative particle - behold/look", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun, masculine singular - David", "*mebaqqēš*": "participle, masculine singular, Piel stem - seeking", "*rāʿātekā*": "noun, feminine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your harm/evil" }, "variants": { "*tišmaʿ*": "listen to/hear/heed/obey", "*dibrê*": "words/matters/reports", "*mebaqqēš*": "seeking/pursuing/intending", "*rāʿātekā*": "your harm/evil/injury/misfortune" } }

{ "verseID": "1 Samuel.24.11", "source": "הִנֵּה֩ הַיּ֨וֹם הַזֶּ֜ה רָא֣וּ עֵינֶ֗יךָ אֵ֣ת אֲשֶׁר נְתָנְךָ֩ יְהוָ֨ה ׀ הַיּ֤וֹם ׀ בְּיָדִי֙ בַּמְּעָרָ֔ה וְאָמַ֥ר לַהֲ‪[t]‬רָגֲךָ֖ וַתָּ֣חָס עָלֶ֑יךָ וָאֹמַ֗ר לֹא־אֶשְׁלַ֤ח יָדִי֙ בַּֽאדֹנִ֔י כִּי־מְשִׁ֥יחַ יְהוָ֖ה הֽוּא׃", "text": "*Hinnêh* *hayyôm* *hazzeh* *rāʾû* *ʿênêkā* *ʾēt* which *netānekā* *YHWH* *hayyôm* in my hand in *hammeʿārâ* and said to *lahorgākā* and *wattāḥos* upon you and *wāʾōmar* not *ʾešlaḥ* my hand against my *ʾadōnî* because *mešîaḥ* *YHWH* he", "grammar": { "*hinnêh*": "demonstrative particle - behold/look", "*hayyôm*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the day", "*hazzeh*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular - this", "*rāʾû*": "perfect, 3rd common plural - they saw", "*ʿênêkā*": "noun, feminine dual + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your eyes", "*netānekā*": "perfect, 3rd masculine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - he gave you", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - Yahweh/LORD", "*hayyôm*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the day", "*hammeʿārâ*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the cave", "*lahorgākā*": "preposition + infinitive construct + 2nd masculine singular suffix - to kill you", "*wattāḥos*": "waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and it spared", "*wāʾōmar*": "waw-consecutive imperfect, 1st person singular - and I said", "*ʾešlaḥ*": "imperfect, 1st person singular - I will send/stretch out", "*ʾadōnî*": "noun, masculine singular + 1st person singular suffix - my lord", "*mešîaḥ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - anointed of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - Yahweh/LORD" }, "variants": { "*rāʾû*": "saw/perceived/witnessed", "*netānekā*": "gave you/delivered you/handed you over", "*wattāḥos*": "spared/had pity/showed compassion", "*ʾešlaḥ*": "will send/stretch out/extend (with hostile intent)", "*mešîaḥ*": "anointed one/messiah" } }

{ "verseID": "1 Samuel.24.12", "source": "וְאָבִ֣י רְאֵ֔ה גַּ֗ם רְאֵ֛ה אֶת־כְּנַ֥ף מְעִילְךָ֖ בְּיָדִ֑י כִּ֡י בְּכָרְתִי֩ אֶת־כְּנַ֨ף מְעִֽילְךָ֜ וְלֹ֣א הֲרַגְתִּ֗יךָ דַּ֤ע וּרְאֵה֙ כִּי֩ אֵ֨ין בְּיָדִ֜י רָעָ֤ה וָפֶ֙שַׁע֙ וְלֹא־חָטָ֣אתִי לָ֔ךְ וְאַתָּ֛ה צֹדֶ֥ה אֶת־נַפְשִׁ֖י לְקַחְתָּֽהּ׃", "text": "And my father *reʾēh* also *reʾēh* *ʾet*-*kenap* *meʿîlekā* in my hand because in *bekāretî* *ʾet*-*kenap* *meʿîlekā* and not *hăragtîkā* *daʿ* and *ûreʾēh* that there is not in my hand *rāʿāh* and *wāpešaʿ* and not *ḥāṭāʾtî* to you and you *ṣōdeh* *ʾet*-my *napšî* to take it", "grammar": { "*reʾēh*": "imperative, masculine singular - see/look", "*kenap*": "noun, masculine singular construct - edge/corner of", "*meʿîlekā*": "noun, masculine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your robe", "*bekāretî*": "preposition + infinitive construct + 1st person singular suffix - in my cutting off", "*kenap*": "noun, masculine singular construct - edge/corner of", "*meʿîlekā*": "noun, masculine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your robe", "*hăragtîkā*": "perfect, 1st person singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - I killed you", "*daʿ*": "imperative, masculine singular - know", "*ûreʾēh*": "conjunction + imperative, masculine singular - and see", "*rāʿāh*": "noun, feminine singular - evil/harm", "*wāpešaʿ*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular - and transgression/rebellion", "*ḥāṭāʾtî*": "perfect, 1st person singular - I sinned", "*ṣōdeh*": "participle, masculine singular - hunting/lying in wait for", "*napšî*": "noun, feminine singular + 1st person singular suffix - my life/soul" }, "variants": { "*kenap*": "edge/corner/skirt/extremity", "*hăragtîkā*": "killed you/slew you (negative: did not kill you)", "*rāʿāh*": "evil/harm/injury/wrongdoing", "*wāpešaʿ*": "transgression/rebellion/sin", "*ṣōdeh*": "hunting/lying in wait for/pursuing", "*napšî*": "life/soul/self" } }

{ "verseID": "1 Samuel.24.13", "source": "יִשְׁפֹּ֤ט יְהוָה֙ בֵּינִ֣י וּבֵינֶ֔ךָ וּנְקָמַ֥נִי יְהוָ֖ה מִמֶּ֑ךָּ וְיָדִ֖י לֹ֥א תִֽהְיֶה־בָּֽךְ׃", "text": "*Yišpōṭ* *YHWH* between me and between you and *ûneqāmanî* *YHWH* from you and my hand not *tihyeh*-against you", "grammar": { "*Yišpōṭ*": "imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, Qal stem - he will judge", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - Yahweh/LORD", "*ûneqāmanî*": "conjunction + perfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular + 1st person singular suffix - and he will avenge me", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - Yahweh/LORD", "*tihyeh*": "imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - it will be" }, "variants": { "*Yišpōṭ*": "will judge/decide/execute judgment", "*ûneqāmanî*": "will avenge me/vindicate me/take vengeance for me", "*tihyeh*": "will be/shall be" } }

{ "verseID": "1 Samuel.24.14", "source": "כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר יֹאמַ֗ר מְשַׁל֙ הַקַּדְמֹנִ֔י מֵרְשָׁעִ֖ים יֵ֣צֵא רֶ֑שַׁע וְיָדִ֖י לֹ֥א תִֽהְיֶה־בָּֽךְ׃", "text": "As *yōʾmar* *mešal* *haqqadmōnî* from *rešāʿîm* *yēṣēʾ* *rešaʿ* and my hand not *tihyeh*-against you", "grammar": { "*yōʾmar*": "imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - it says/is said", "*mešal*": "noun, masculine singular construct - proverb of", "*haqqadmōnî*": "definite article + adjective, masculine singular - the ancient", "*rešāʿîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - wicked men", "*yēṣēʾ*": "imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - it goes out/comes forth", "*rešaʿ*": "noun, masculine singular - wickedness", "*tihyeh*": "imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - it will be" }, "variants": { "*yōʾmar*": "says/is said/tells", "*mešal*": "proverb/saying/parable", "*haqqadmōnî*": "ancient/former/of old", "*rešāʿîm*": "wicked men/evil ones/criminals", "*yēṣēʾ*": "goes out/comes forth/proceeds", "*rešaʿ*": "wickedness/evil/wrongdoing" } }

{ "verseID": "1 Samuel.24.15", "source": "אַחֲרֵ֨י מִ֤י יָצָא֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אַחֲרֵ֥י מִ֖י אַתָּ֣ה רֹדֵ֑ף אַֽחֲרֵי֙ כֶּ֣לֶב מֵ֔ת אַחֲרֵ֖י פַּרְעֹ֥שׁ אֶחָֽד׃", "text": "After whom *yāṣāʾ* *melek* *Yiśrāʾēl* after whom you *rōdēp* after *keleb* *mēt* after *parʿōš* *ʾeḥād*", "grammar": { "*yāṣāʾ*": "perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has gone out", "*melek*": "noun, masculine singular construct - king of", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*rōdēp*": "participle, masculine singular, Qal stem - pursuing", "*keleb*": "noun, masculine singular - dog", "*mēt*": "adjective, masculine singular - dead", "*parʿōš*": "noun, masculine singular - flea", "*ʾeḥād*": "numeral, masculine singular - one/single" }, "variants": { "*yāṣāʾ*": "has gone out/come out/departed", "*rōdēp*": "pursuing/chasing/persecuting", "*keleb*": "dog (term of self-abasement)", "*mēt*": "dead/worthless/insignificant", "*parʿōš*": "flea/insect (term of self-abasement)" } }

{ "verseID": "1 Samuel.24.16", "source": "וְהָיָ֤ה יְהוָה֙ לְדַיָּ֔ן וְשָׁפַ֖ט בֵּינִ֣י וּבֵינֶ֑ךָ וְיֵ֙רֶא֙ וְיָרֵ֣ב אֶת־רִיבִ֔י וְיִשְׁפְּטֵ֖נִי מִיָּדֶֽךָ׃ פ", "text": "And *wehāyâ* *YHWH* to *dayyān* and *wešāpaṭ* between me and between you and *weyēreʾ* and *weyārēb* *ʾet*-my *rîbî* and *weyišpeṭēnî* from your hand", "grammar": { "*wehāyâ*": "conjunction + perfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - and he will be", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - Yahweh/LORD", "*dayyān*": "noun, masculine singular - judge", "*wešāpaṭ*": "conjunction + perfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - and he will judge", "*weyēreʾ*": "conjunction + imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, Qal stem - and he will see", "*weyārēb*": "conjunction + imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he will plead", "*rîbî*": "noun, masculine singular + 1st person singular suffix - my case/cause", "*weyišpeṭēnî*": "conjunction + imperfect, 3rd masculine singular + 1st person singular suffix - and he will vindicate me" }, "variants": { "*dayyān*": "judge/arbiter", "*wešāpaṭ*": "will judge/will decide between", "*weyēreʾ*": "will see/will observe/will witness", "*weyārēb*": "will plead/will contend for/will defend", "*rîbî*": "case/cause/lawsuit/dispute", "*weyišpeṭēnî*": "will vindicate me/will deliver me/will judge in my favor" } }

{ "verseID": "1 Samuel.24.17", "source": "וַיְהִ֣י ׀ כְּכַלּ֣וֹת דָּוִ֗ד לְדַבֵּ֞ר אֶת־הַדְּבָרִ֤ים הָאֵ֙לֶּה֙ אֶל־שָׁא֔וּל וַיֹּ֣אמֶר שָׁא֔וּל הֲקֹלְךָ֥ זֶ֖ה בְּנִ֣י דָוִ֑ד וַיִּשָּׂ֥א שָׁא֛וּל קֹל֖וֹ וַיֵּֽבְךְּ׃", "text": "And *wayehî* when *kallôt* *Dāwid* *ledabbēr* *ʾet*-*hadebārîm* *hāʾēlleh* to *Šāʾûl* and *wayyōmer* *Šāʾûl* *hăqōlekā* this my son *Dāwid* and *wayyiśśāʾ* *Šāʾûl* his *qōlô* and *wayyēbk*", "grammar": { "*wayehî*": "waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular of *hāyâ* - and it happened/came to pass", "*kallôt*": "infinitive construct - to finish/complete", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun, masculine singular - David", "*ledabbēr*": "preposition + infinitive construct, Piel stem - to speak", "*hadebārîm*": "definite article + noun, masculine plural - the words", "*hāʾēlleh*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun, common plural - these", "*Šāʾûl*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Saul", "*wayyōmer*": "waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular of *ʾāmar* - and he said", "*Šāʾûl*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Saul", "*hăqōlekā*": "interrogative particle + noun, masculine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - is this your voice", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun, masculine singular - David", "*wayyiśśāʾ*": "waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he lifted up", "*Šāʾûl*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Saul", "*qōlô*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his voice", "*wayyēbk*": "waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he wept" }, "variants": { "*wayehî*": "and it happened/came to pass/was", "*kallôt*": "finishing/completing/ending", "*ledabbēr*": "to speak/talk/declare", "*wayyiśśāʾ*": "lifted up/raised", "*wayyēbk*": "wept/cried/sobbed" } }

{ "verseID": "1 Samuel.24.18", "source": "וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ אֶל־דָּוִ֔ד צַדִּ֥יק אַתָּ֖ה מִמֶּ֑נִּי כִּ֤י אַתָּה֙ גְּמַלְתַּ֣נִי הַטּוֹבָ֔ה וַאֲנִ֖י גְּמַלְתִּ֥יךָ הָרָעָֽה׃", "text": "And *wayyōmer* to *Dāwid* *ṣaddîq* you than me because you *gemalttanî* *haṭṭôbâ* and I *gemalttîkā* *hārāʿâ*", "grammar": { "*wayyōmer*": "waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular of *ʾāmar* - and he said", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun, masculine singular - David", "*ṣaddîq*": "adjective, masculine singular - righteous", "*gemalttanî*": "perfect, 2nd masculine singular + 1st person singular suffix - you have repaid me", "*haṭṭôbâ*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the good", "*gemalttîkā*": "perfect, 1st person singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - I have repaid you", "*hārāʿâ*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the evil" }, "variants": { "*ṣaddîq*": "righteous/more righteous/more just", "*gemalttanî*": "repaid me/dealt with me/done to me", "*haṭṭôbâ*": "good/goodness/kindness", "*gemalttîkā*": "repaid you/dealt with you/done to you", "*hārāʿâ*": "evil/harm/injury/wickedness" } }

{ "verseID": "1 Samuel.24.19", "source": "*ואת **וְאַתָּה֙ הִגַּ֣דְתָּ הַיּ֔וֹם אֵ֛ת אֲשֶׁר־עָשִׂ֥יתָה אִתִּ֖י טוֹבָ֑ה אֵת֩ אֲשֶׁ֨ר סִגְּרַ֧נִי יְהוָ֛ה בְּיָדְךָ֖ וְלֹ֥א הֲרַגְתָּֽנִי׃", "text": "And you *higgadtā* *hayyôm* *ʾēt* which *ʿāśîtâ* with me *ṭôbâ* *ʾēt* which *siggeranî* *YHWH* in your hand and not *hăragtānî*", "grammar": { "*higgadtā*": "perfect, 2nd masculine singular, Hiphil stem - you have declared/told", "*hayyôm*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the day", "*ʿāśîtâ*": "perfect, 2nd masculine singular - you have done", "*ṭôbâ*": "noun, feminine singular - good", "*siggeranî*": "perfect, 3rd masculine singular + 1st person singular suffix, Piel stem - he delivered me", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - Yahweh/LORD", "*hăragtānî*": "perfect, 2nd masculine singular + 1st person singular suffix - you killed me" }, "variants": { "*higgadtā*": "declared/told/shown/revealed", "*ʿāśîtâ*": "done/dealt/performed", "*ṭôbâ*": "good/goodness/kindness", "*siggeranî*": "delivered me/confined me/handed me over", "*hăragtānî*": "killed me/slew me (negated: did not kill me)" } }

{ "verseID": "1 Samuel.24.20", "source": "וְכִֽי־יִמְצָ֥א אִישׁ֙ אֶת־אֹ֣יְב֔וֹ וְשִׁלְּח֖וֹ בְּדֶ֣רֶךְ טוֹבָ֑ה וַֽיהוָה֙ יְשַׁלֶּמְךָ֣ טוֹבָ֔ה תַּ֚חַת הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשִׂ֖יתָה לִֽי׃", "text": "And when *yimṣāʾ* *ʾîš* *ʾet*-his *ʾōyebô* and *wešilleḥô* in *derek* *ṭôbâ* and *YHWH* *yešallemkā* *ṭôbâ* under *hayyôm* *hazzeh* which *ʿāśîtâ* to me", "grammar": { "*yimṣāʾ*": "imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he finds", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - man", "*ʾōyebô*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his enemy", "*wešilleḥô*": "conjunction + perfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - and he sends him away", "*derek*": "noun, masculine singular construct - way of", "*ṭôbâ*": "adjective, feminine singular - good", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - Yahweh/LORD", "*yešallemkā*": "imperfect, 3rd masculine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix, Piel stem - he will repay you", "*ṭôbâ*": "noun, feminine singular - good", "*hayyôm*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the day", "*hazzeh*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular - this", "*ʿāśîtâ*": "perfect, 2nd masculine singular - you have done" }, "variants": { "*yimṣāʾ*": "finds/discovers/comes upon", "*wešilleḥô*": "sends him away/lets him go/releases him", "*derek*": "way/road/journey/manner", "*yešallemkā*": "will repay you/reward you/compensate you", "*ṭôbâ*": "good/goodness/benefit" } }

{ "verseID": "1 Samuel.24.21", "source": "וְעַתָּה֙ הִנֵּ֣ה יָדַ֔עְתִּי כִּ֥י מָלֹ֖ךְ תִּמְל֑וֹךְ וְקָ֙מָה֙ בְּיָ֣דְךָ֔ מַמְלֶ֖כֶת יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃", "text": "And now *hinnêh* *yādaʿtî* that *mālōk* *timlôk* and *weqāmâ* in your hand *mamleket* *Yiśrāʾēl*", "grammar": { "*hinnêh*": "demonstrative particle - behold/look", "*yādaʿtî*": "perfect, 1st person singular - I know", "*mālōk*": "infinitive absolute - surely reign", "*timlôk*": "imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you will reign", "*weqāmâ*": "conjunction + perfect with waw consecutive, 3rd feminine singular - and it will be established", "*mamleket*": "noun, feminine singular construct - kingdom of", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel" }, "variants": { "*yādaʿtî*": "I know/have known/am certain", "*mālōk timlôk*": "surely you will be king/you will certainly reign (emphatic construction)", "*weqāmâ*": "will be established/will arise/will endure" } }

{ "verseID": "1 Samuel.24.22", "source": "וְעַתָּ֗ה הִשָּׁ֤בְעָה לִּי֙ בַּֽיהוָ֔ה אִם־תַּכְרִ֥ית אֶת־זַרְעִ֖י אַֽחֲרָ֑י וְאִם־תַּשְׁמִ֥יד אֶת־שְׁמִ֖י מִבֵּ֥ית אָבִֽי׃", "text": "And now *hiššābeʿâ* to me by *YHWH* if *takrît* *ʾet*-my *zarʿî* after me and if *tašmîd* *ʾet*-my *šemî* from house of my father", "grammar": { "*hiššābeʿâ*": "imperative, masculine singular, Niphal stem - swear", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - Yahweh/LORD", "*takrît*": "imperfect, 2nd masculine singular, Hiphil stem - you will cut off", "*zarʿî*": "noun, masculine singular + 1st person singular suffix - my seed/offspring", "*tašmîd*": "imperfect, 2nd masculine singular, Hiphil stem - you will destroy", "*šemî*": "noun, masculine singular + 1st person singular suffix - my name" }, "variants": { "*hiššābeʿâ*": "swear/take an oath", "*takrît*": "will cut off/will destroy/will eliminate (in oath formula: that you will not cut off)", "*zarʿî*": "seed/offspring/descendants", "*tašmîd*": "will destroy/will wipe out/will exterminate (in oath formula: that you will not destroy)", "*šemî*": "my name/reputation/memory" } }

{ "verseID": "1 Samuel.24.23", "source": "וַיִּשָּׁבַ֥ע דָּוִ֖ד לְשָׁא֑וּל וַיֵּ֤לֶךְ שָׁאוּל֙ אֶל־בֵּית֔וֹ וְדָוִד֙ וַֽאֲנָשָׁ֔יו עָל֖וּ עַל־הַמְּצוּדָֽה׃ פ", "text": "And *wayyiššābaʿ* *Dāwid* to *Šāʾûl* and *wayyēlek* *Šāʾûl* to his house and *Dāwid* and his men *ʿālû* to *hammeṣûdâ*", "grammar": { "*wayyiššābaʿ*": "waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, Niphal stem - and he swore", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun, masculine singular - David", "*Šāʾûl*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Saul", "*wayyēlek*": "waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular of *hālak* - and he went", "*Šāʾûl*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Saul", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun, masculine singular - David", "*ʿālû*": "perfect, 3rd common plural - they went up", "*hammeṣûdâ*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the stronghold" }, "variants": { "*wayyiššābaʿ*": "swore/took an oath/made a vow", "*wayyēlek*": "went/departed/left", "*ʿālû*": "went up/ascended/climbed", "*hammeṣûdâ*": "stronghold/fortress/secure place" } }