{ "verseID": "1 Samuel.29.1", "source": "וַיִּקְבְּצ֧וּ פְלִשְׁתִּ֛ים אֶת־כָּל־מַחֲנֵיהֶ֖ם אֲפֵ֑קָה וְיִשְׂרָאֵ֣ל חֹנִ֔ים בַּעַ֖יִן אֲשֶׁ֥ר בְּיִזְרְעֶֽאל׃", "text": "And *wayyiqbᵊṣû* *pᵊlištîm* *ʾet*-all-*maḥănêhem* *ʾăpēqāh* and *yiśrāʾēl* *ḥōnîm* at-the-*ʿayin* which in-*yizrᵊʿeʾl*.", "grammar": { "*wayyiqbᵊṣû*": "waw-consecutive + imperfect, 3rd plural - gathered/collected together", "*pᵊlištîm*": "proper noun, plural - Philistines", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*maḥănêhem*": "noun, masculine, plural construct with 3rd person plural suffix - their camps/armies", "*ʾăpēqāh*": "proper noun with directional heh - to Aphek", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*ḥōnîm*": "participle, masculine plural - camping/encamping", "*ʿayin*": "noun, feminine singular - spring/fountain", "*yizrᵊʿeʾl*": "proper noun - Jezreel" }, "variants": { "*wayyiqbᵊṣû*": "gathered/assembled/mustered", "*maḥănêhem*": "their camps/armies/hosts", "*ʿayin*": "spring/fountain/well" } }

{ "verseID": "1 Samuel.29.2", "source": "וְסַרְנֵ֤י פְלִשְׁתִּים֙ עֹֽבְרִ֔ים לְמֵא֖וֹת וְלַאֲלָפִ֑ים וְדָוִ֣ד וַאֲנָשָׁ֗יו עֹֽבְרִ֛ים בָּאַחֲרֹנָ֖ה עִם־אָכִֽישׁ׃", "text": "And *sarnê* *pᵊlištîm* *ʿōḇᵊrîm* in-*mēʾôt* and-in-*ʾălāpîm* and *dāwid* and-*ʾănāšāyw* *ʿōḇᵊrîm* in-the-*ʾaḥărōnāh* with-*ʾāḵîš*.", "grammar": { "*sarnê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - lords/rulers of", "*pᵊlištîm*": "proper noun, plural - Philistines", "*ʿōḇᵊrîm*": "participle, masculine plural - passing/marching", "*mēʾôt*": "noun, feminine plural - hundreds", "*ʾălāpîm*": "noun, masculine plural - thousands", "*dāwid*": "proper noun - David", "*ʾănāšāyw*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his men", "*ʾaḥărōnāh*": "adjective, feminine singular with definite article - the rear/last", "*ʾāḵîš*": "proper noun - Achish" }, "variants": { "*sarnê*": "lords/rulers/tyrants (Philistine term for leaders)", "*ʿōḇᵊrîm*": "passing by/marching/proceeding", "*ʾaḥărōnāh*": "rear/last part/back" } }

{ "verseID": "1 Samuel.29.3", "source": "וַיֹּֽאמְרוּ֙ שָׂרֵ֣י פְלִשְׁתִּ֔ים מָ֖ה הָעִבְרִ֣ים הָאֵ֑לֶּה וַיֹּ֨אמֶר אָכִ֜ישׁ אֶל־שָׂרֵ֣י פְלִשְׁתִּ֗ים הֲלֽוֹא־זֶ֨ה דָוִ֜ד עֶ֣בֶד ׀ שָׁא֣וּל מֶֽלֶךְ־יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל אֲשֶׁ֨ר הָיָ֤ה אִתִּי֙ זֶ֤ה יָמִים֙ אוֹ־זֶ֣ה שָׁנִ֔ים וְלֹֽא־מָצָ֤אתִי בוֹ֙ מְא֔וּמָה מִיּ֥וֹם נָפְל֖וֹ עַד־הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃ פ", "text": "And *wayyōʾmᵊrû* *śārê* *pᵊlištîm* what *hāʿiḇrîm* *hāʾēlleh* and *wayyōʾmer* *ʾāḵîš* to-*śārê* *pᵊlištîm* is-not-this *dāwid* *ʿeḇed* *šāʾûl* *meleḵ*-*yiśrāʾēl* who *hāyāh* with-me this *yāmîm* or-this *šānîm* and-not-*māṣāʾtî* in-him *mᵊʾûmāh* from-day *nāplô* until-the-day *hazzeh*.", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmᵊrû*": "waw-consecutive + imperfect, 3rd plural - and they said", "*śārê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - chiefs/commanders of", "*pᵊlištîm*": "proper noun, plural - Philistines", "*hāʿiḇrîm*": "definite article + noun, masculine plural - the Hebrews", "*hāʾēlleh*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun, plural - these", "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw-consecutive + imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*ʾāḵîš*": "proper noun - Achish", "*ʿeḇed*": "noun, masculine singular construct - servant of", "*šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul", "*meleḵ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - king of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*hāyāh*": "perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he was/has been", "*yāmîm*": "noun, masculine plural - days", "*šānîm*": "noun, feminine plural - years", "*māṣāʾtî*": "perfect, 1st singular - I found/discovered", "*mᵊʾûmāh*": "noun, masculine singular - anything/fault", "*nāplô*": "infinitive construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his falling/deserting", "*hazzeh*": "definite article + demonstrative, masculine singular - this" }, "variants": { "*śārê*": "chiefs/captains/commanders", "*hāʿiḇrîm*": "the Hebrews (possibly derogatory)", "*ʿeḇed*": "servant/slave/subject", "*nāplô*": "his falling away/deserting/defecting" } }

{ "verseID": "1 Samuel.29.4", "source": "וַיִּקְצְפ֨וּ עָלָ֜יו שָׂרֵ֣י פְלִשְׁתִּ֗ים וַיֹּ֣אמְרוּ לוֹ֩ שָׂרֵ֨י פְלִשְׁתִּ֜ים הָשֵׁ֣ב אֶת־הָאִ֗ישׁ וְיָשֹׁב֙ אֶל־מְקוֹמוֹ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הִפְקַדְתּ֣וֹ שָׁ֔ם וְלֹֽא־יֵרֵ֤ד עִמָּ֙נוּ֙ בַּמִּלְחָמָ֔ה וְלֹא־יִֽהְיֶה־לָּ֥נוּ לְשָׂטָ֖ן בַּמִּלְחָמָ֑ה וּבַמֶּ֗ה יִתְרַצֶּ֥ה זֶה֙ אֶל־אֲדֹנָ֔יו הֲל֕וֹא בְּרָאשֵׁ֖י הָאֲנָשִׁ֥ים הָהֵֽם׃", "text": "And *wayyiqṣᵊpû* upon-him *śārê* *pᵊlištîm* and *wayyōʾmᵊrû* to-him *śārê* *pᵊlištîm* *hāšēḇ* *ʾet*-the-*ʾîš* and *yāšōḇ* to-*mᵊqômô* which *hipqadtô* there and-not-*yērēd* with-us in-the-*milḥāmāh* and-not-*yihyeh*-to-us for-*śāṭān* in-the-*milḥāmāh* and-with-what *yitraṣṣeh* this to-*ʾădōnāyw* is-it-not with-*rāʾšê* the-*ʾănāšîm* *hāhēm*.", "grammar": { "*wayyiqṣᵊpû*": "waw-consecutive + imperfect, 3rd plural - and they became angry", "*śārê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - chiefs/commanders of", "*pᵊlištîm*": "proper noun, plural - Philistines", "*wayyōʾmᵊrû*": "waw-consecutive + imperfect, 3rd plural - and they said", "*hāšēḇ*": "imperative, masculine singular - return/send back", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - man", "*yāšōḇ*": "imperfect, 3rd masculine singular jussive - let him return", "*mᵊqômô*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his place", "*hipqadtô*": "perfect, 2nd masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - you appointed him", "*yērēd*": "imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he will go down", "*milḥāmāh*": "noun, feminine singular - battle/war", "*yihyeh*": "imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he will be", "*śāṭān*": "noun, masculine singular - adversary/opponent", "*yitraṣṣeh*": "imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, Hitpael - he will reconcile himself", "*ʾădōnāyw*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his lords/master", "*rāʾšê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - heads of", "*ʾănāšîm*": "noun, masculine plural - men", "*hāhēm*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun, masculine plural - those" }, "variants": { "*wayyiqṣᵊpû*": "became angry/wrathful/furious", "*hipqadtô*": "you appointed/assigned/stationed him", "*śāṭān*": "adversary/opponent/enemy", "*yitraṣṣeh*": "reconcile himself/make himself acceptable/find favor", "*rāʾšê*": "heads/lives (referring to the heads of men as trophies)" } }

{ "verseID": "1 Samuel.29.5", "source": "הֲלוֹא־זֶ֣ה דָוִ֔ד אֲשֶׁ֧ר יַעֲנוּ־ל֛וֹ בַּמְּחֹל֖וֹת לֵאמֹ֑ר הִכָּ֤ה שָׁאוּל֙ בַּֽאֲלָפָ֔יו וְדָוִ֖ד בְּרִבְבֹתָֽיו׃ ס", "text": "Is-not-this *dāwid* who *yaʿănû*-to-him in-the-*mᵊḥōlôt* *lēʾmōr* *hikkāh* *šāʾûl* in-his-*ʾălāpāyw* and-*dāwid* in-his-*riḇḇōtāyw*.", "grammar": { "*dāwid*": "proper noun - David", "*yaʿănû*": "imperfect, 3rd plural - they sang (in antiphonal response)", "*mᵊḥōlôt*": "noun, feminine plural - dances", "*lēʾmōr*": "preposition + infinitive construct - saying", "*hikkāh*": "perfect, 3rd masculine singular, Hiphil - he struck/slew", "*šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul", "*ʾălāpāyw*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his thousands", "*riḇḇōtāyw*": "noun, feminine plural with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his ten thousands" }, "variants": { "*yaʿănû*": "they sang/responded/answered", "*mᵊḥōlôt*": "dances/dancing celebrations", "*hikkāh*": "struck/slew/defeated" } }

{ "verseID": "1 Samuel.29.6", "source": "וַיִּקְרָ֨א אָכִ֜ישׁ אֶל־דָּוִ֗ד וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵ֠לָיו חַי־יְהוָ֞ה כִּי־יָשָׁ֣ר אַתָּ֗ה וְט֣וֹב בְּ֠עֵינַי צֵאתְךָ֨ וּבֹאֲךָ֤ אִתִּי֙ בַּֽמַּחֲנֶ֔ה כִּ֠י לֹֽא־מָצָ֤אתִֽי בְךָ֙ רָעָ֔ה מִיּ֛וֹם בֹּאֲךָ֥ אֵלַ֖י עַד־הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֑ה וּבְעֵינֵ֥י הַסְּרָנִ֖ים לֹֽא־ט֥וֹב אָֽתָּה׃", "text": "And *wayyiqrāʾ* *ʾāḵîš* to-*dāwid* and *wayyōʾmer* to-him *ḥay*-*YHWH* for-*yāšār* you and-*ṭôḇ* in-my-*ʿênay* your-*ṣēʾtᵊḵā* and-your-*bōʾăḵā* with-me in-the-*maḥăneh* for not-*māṣāʾtî* in-you *rāʿāh* from-day your-*bōʾăḵā* to-me until-the-day *hazzeh* and-in-*ʿênê* the-*sᵊrānîm* not-*ṭôḇ* you.", "grammar": { "*wayyiqrāʾ*": "waw-consecutive + imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he called", "*ʾāḵîš*": "proper noun - Achish", "*dāwid*": "proper noun - David", "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw-consecutive + imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*ḥay*": "adjective, masculine singular construct - living/as lives", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD", "*yāšār*": "adjective, masculine singular - upright/honest", "*ṭôḇ*": "adjective, masculine singular - good", "*ʿênay*": "noun, dual construct with 1st person singular suffix - my eyes", "*ṣēʾtᵊḵā*": "infinitive construct with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your going out", "*bōʾăḵā*": "infinitive construct with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your coming in", "*maḥăneh*": "noun, masculine singular - camp/army", "*māṣāʾtî*": "perfect, 1st singular - I found", "*rāʿāh*": "noun, feminine singular - evil/wickedness", "*hazzeh*": "definite article + demonstrative, masculine singular - this", "*ʿênê*": "noun, dual construct - eyes of", "*sᵊrānîm*": "noun, masculine plural - lords/rulers", "*ṭôḇ*": "adjective, masculine singular - good" }, "variants": { "*ḥay*": "as lives/by the life of (oath formula)", "*yāšār*": "upright/honest/righteous", "*ṣēʾtᵊḵā* and *bōʾăḵā*": "your going out and coming in (idiom for all activities)", "*rāʿāh*": "evil/wickedness/wrongdoing", "*sᵊrānîm*": "lords/rulers/tyrants (Philistine term for leaders)" } }

{ "verseID": "1 Samuel.29.7", "source": "וְעַתָּ֥ה שׁ֖וּב וְלֵ֣ךְ בְּשָׁל֑וֹם וְלֹֽא־תַעֲשֶׂ֣ה רָ֔ע בְּעֵינֵ֖י סַרְנֵ֥י פְלִשְׁתִּֽים׃ ס", "text": "And-now *šûḇ* and-*lēḵ* in-*šālôm* and-not-*taʿăśeh* *rāʿ* in-*ʿênê* *sarnê* *pᵊlištîm*.", "grammar": { "*šûḇ*": "imperative, masculine singular - return", "*lēḵ*": "imperative, masculine singular - go", "*šālôm*": "noun, masculine singular - peace", "*taʿăśeh*": "imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you will do", "*rāʿ*": "noun, masculine singular - evil/displeasure", "*ʿênê*": "noun, dual construct - eyes of", "*sarnê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - lords of", "*pᵊlištîm*": "proper noun, plural - Philistines" }, "variants": { "*šālôm*": "peace/well-being/safety", "*rāʿ*": "evil/displeasure/wrong", "*sarnê*": "lords/rulers/tyrants (Philistine term for leaders)" } }

{ "verseID": "1 Samuel.29.8", "source": "וַיֹּ֨אמֶר דָּוִ֜ד אֶל־אָכִ֗ישׁ כִּ֣י מֶ֤ה עָשִׂ֙יתִי֙ וּמַה־מָּצָ֣אתָ בְעַבְדְּךָ֔ מִיּוֹם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הָיִ֣יתִי לְפָנֶ֔יךָ עַ֖ד הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֑ה כִּ֣י לֹ֤א אָבוֹא֙ וְנִלְחַ֔מְתִּי בְּאֹיְבֵ֖י אֲדֹנִ֥י הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃", "text": "And *wayyōʾmer* *dāwid* to-*ʾāḵîš* for what *ʿāśîtî* and-what-*māṣāʾtā* in-your-*ʿaḇdᵊḵā* from-day which *hāyîtî* before-you until the-day *hazzeh* that not *ʾāḇôʾ* and-*nilḥamtî* against-*ʾōyᵊḇê* *ʾădōnî* the-*meleḵ*.", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw-consecutive + imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*dāwid*": "proper noun - David", "*ʾāḵîš*": "proper noun - Achish", "*ʿāśîtî*": "perfect, 1st singular - I did/have done", "*māṣāʾtā*": "perfect, 2nd masculine singular - you found", "*ʿaḇdᵊḵā*": "noun, masculine singular with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your servant", "*hāyîtî*": "perfect, 1st singular - I was/have been", "*hazzeh*": "definite article + demonstrative, masculine singular - this", "*ʾāḇôʾ*": "imperfect, 1st singular - I will come", "*nilḥamtî*": "perfect, 1st singular, Niphal - I fought", "*ʾōyᵊḇê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - enemies of", "*ʾădōnî*": "noun, masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - my lord", "*meleḵ*": "noun, masculine singular - king" }, "variants": { "*ʿaḇdᵊḵā*": "your servant (self-reference showing humility)", "*nilḥamtî*": "I fought/battled/warred", "*ʾōyᵊḇê*": "enemies/adversaries/foes" } }

{ "verseID": "1 Samuel.29.9", "source": "וַיַּ֣עַן אָכִישׁ֮ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֶל־דָּוִד֒ יָדַ֕עְתִּי כִּ֣י ט֥וֹב אַתָּ֛ה בְּעֵינַ֖י כְּמַלְאַ֣ךְ אֱלֹהִ֑ים אַ֣ךְ שָׂרֵ֤י פְלִשְׁתִּים֙ אָֽמְר֔וּ לֹֽא־יַעֲלֶ֥ה עִמָּ֖נוּ בַּמִּלְחָמָֽה׃", "text": "And *wayyaʿan* *ʾāḵîš* and *wayyōʾmer* to-*dāwid* *yādaʿtî* that *ṭôḇ* you in-my-*ʿênay* like-*malʾaḵ* *ʾělōhîm* but *śārê* *pᵊlištîm* *ʾāmᵊrû* not-*yaʿăleh* with-us in-the-*milḥāmāh*.", "grammar": { "*wayyaʿan*": "waw-consecutive + imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he answered", "*ʾāḵîš*": "proper noun - Achish", "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw-consecutive + imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*dāwid*": "proper noun - David", "*yādaʿtî*": "perfect, 1st singular - I know", "*ṭôḇ*": "adjective, masculine singular - good", "*ʿênay*": "noun, dual construct with 1st person singular suffix - my eyes", "*malʾaḵ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - messenger of", "*ʾělōhîm*": "noun, masculine plural - God", "*śārê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - chiefs of", "*pᵊlištîm*": "proper noun, plural - Philistines", "*ʾāmᵊrû*": "perfect, 3rd plural - they said", "*yaʿăleh*": "imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he will go up", "*milḥāmāh*": "noun, feminine singular - battle/war" }, "variants": { "*malʾaḵ* *ʾělōhîm*": "messenger of God/angel of God (expression of highest esteem)", "*yaʿăleh*": "he will go up/ascend/join" } }

{ "verseID": "1 Samuel.29.10", "source": "וְעַתָּה֙ הַשְׁכֵּ֣ם בַּבֹּ֔קֶר וְעַבְדֵ֥י אֲדֹנֶ֖יךָ אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֣אוּ אִתָּ֑ךְ וְהִשְׁכַּמְתֶּ֣ם בַּבֹּ֔קֶר וְא֥וֹר לָכֶ֖ם וָלֵֽכוּ׃", "text": "And-now *haškēm* in-the-*bōqer* and-*ʿaḇdê* *ʾădōnêḵā* who-*bāʾû* with-you and-*hiškkamtem* in-the-*bōqer* and-*ʾôr* to-you and-*wālēḵû*.", "grammar": { "*haškēm*": "imperative, masculine singular, Hiphil - rise early", "*bōqer*": "noun, masculine singular - morning", "*ʿaḇdê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - servants of", "*ʾădōnêḵā*": "noun, masculine plural with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your masters", "*bāʾû*": "perfect, 3rd plural - they came", "*hiškkamtem*": "perfect, 2nd masculine plural, Hiphil with vav-consecutive - you shall rise early", "*ʾôr*": "verb, perfect, 3rd masculine singular - it becomes light", "*wālēḵû*": "imperative, masculine plural with vav-consecutive - and go" }, "variants": { "*haškēm*": "rise early/start early in the morning", "*ʿaḇdê* *ʾădōnêḵā*": "servants of your master (referring to Saul)", "*ʾôr*": "it becomes light/dawn breaks" } }

{ "verseID": "1 Samuel.29.11", "source": "וַיַּשְׁכֵּ֨ם דָּוִ֜ד ה֤וּא וַֽאֲנָשָׁיו֙ לָלֶ֣כֶת בַּבֹּ֔קֶר לָשׁ֖וּב אֶל־אֶ֣רֶץ פְּלִשְׁתִּ֑ים וּפְלִשְׁתִּ֖ים עָל֥וּ יִזְרְעֶֽאל׃ ס", "text": "And *wayyaškēm* *dāwid* he and-*ʾănāšāyw* to-*lāleḵet* in-the-*bōqer* to-*lāšûḇ* to-*ʾereṣ* *pᵊlištîm* and-*pᵊlištîm* *ʿālû* *yizrᵊʿeʾl*.", "grammar": { "*wayyaškēm*": "waw-consecutive + imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, Hiphil - and he rose early", "*dāwid*": "proper noun - David", "*ʾănāšāyw*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his men", "*lāleḵet*": "preposition + infinitive construct - to go", "*bōqer*": "noun, masculine singular - morning", "*lāšûḇ*": "preposition + infinitive construct - to return", "*ʾereṣ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - land of", "*pᵊlištîm*": "proper noun, plural - Philistines", "*ʿālû*": "perfect, 3rd plural - they went up", "*yizrᵊʿeʾl*": "proper noun - Jezreel" }, "variants": { "*wayyaškēm*": "he rose early/got up early in the morning", "*ʿālû*": "they went up/ascended/advanced to" } }