{ "verseID": "2 Kings.23.1", "source": "וַיִּשְׁלַ֖ח הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ וַיַּאַסְפ֣וּ אֵלָ֔יו כָּל־זִקְנֵ֥י יְהוּדָ֖ה וִירוּשָׁלָֽ͏ִם׃", "text": "*wə-yišlaḥ* the *meleḵ* *wə-yaʾaspû* to him all-*ziqnê* *yəhûdâ* *wîrûšālāim*.", "grammar": { "*wə-yišlaḥ*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he sent", "*meleḵ*": "definite article + noun masculine singular absolute - the king", "*wə-yaʾaspû*": "conjunction + niphal imperfect 3rd plural - and they were gathered", "*ziqnê*": "noun masculine plural construct - elders of", "*yəhûdâ*": "proper noun - Judah", "*wîrûšālāim*": "conjunction + proper noun - and Jerusalem" }, "variants": { "*wə-yišlaḥ*": "and he sent/dispatched", "*meleḵ*": "king/ruler", "*wə-yaʾaspû*": "and they gathered/assembled/were gathered", "*ziqnê*": "elders/old men/leaders", "*yəhûdâ*": "Judah [place name]", "*wîrûšālāim*": "and Jerusalem [place name]" } }

{ "verseID": "2 Kings.23.2", "source": "וַיַּ֣עַל הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ בֵּית־יְהוָ֡ה וְכָל־אִ֣ישׁ יְהוּדָה֩ וְכָל־יֹשְׁבֵ֨י יְרוּשָׁלִַ֜ם אִתּ֗וֹ וְהַכֹּֽהֲנִים֙ וְהַנְּבִיאִ֔ים וְכָל־הָעָ֖ם לְמִקָּטֹ֣ן וְעַד־גָּד֑וֹל וַיִּקְרָ֣א בְאָזְנֵיהֶ֗ם אֶת־כָּל־דִּבְרֵי֙ סֵ֣פֶר הַבְּרִ֔ית הַנִּמְצָ֖א בְּבֵ֥ית יְהוָֽה׃", "text": "*wə-yaʿal* the *meleḵ* *bêt-YHWH* *wə-ḵol-ʾîš* *yəhûdâ* *wə-ḵol-yōšəbê* *yərûšālaim* *ʾittô* *wə-ha-kōhănîm* *wə-ha-nəbîʾîm* *wə-ḵol-hā-ʿām* from *lə-miqqāṭōn* *wə-ʿad-gādôl* *wə-yiqrāʾ* in *ʾoznêhem* *ʾet-kol-dibrê* *sēper* *ha-bərît* *ha-nimṣāʾ* in *bêt* *YHWH*.", "grammar": { "*wə-yaʿal*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he went up", "*meleḵ*": "definite article + noun masculine singular absolute - the king", "*bêt-YHWH*": "noun masculine singular construct + divine name - house of YHWH", "*wə-ḵol-ʾîš*": "conjunction + noun masculine singular construct + noun masculine singular - and all men of", "*yəhûdâ*": "proper noun - Judah", "*wə-ḵol-yōšəbê*": "conjunction + noun masculine singular construct + noun masculine plural construct - and all inhabitants of", "*yərûšālaim*": "proper noun - Jerusalem", "*ʾittô*": "preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - with him", "*wə-ha-kōhănîm*": "conjunction + definite article + noun masculine plural - and the priests", "*wə-ha-nəbîʾîm*": "conjunction + definite article + noun masculine plural - and the prophets", "*wə-ḵol-hā-ʿām*": "conjunction + noun masculine singular construct + definite article + noun masculine singular - and all the people", "*lə-miqqāṭōn*": "preposition + preposition + adjective masculine singular - from small", "*wə-ʿad-gādôl*": "conjunction + preposition + adjective masculine singular - and to great", "*wə-yiqrāʾ*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he read", "*ʾoznêhem*": "noun feminine plural construct + 3rd masculine plural suffix - in their ears", "*ʾet-kol-dibrê*": "direct object marker + noun masculine singular construct + noun masculine plural construct - all the words of", "*sēper*": "noun masculine singular construct - book of", "*ha-bərît*": "definite article + noun feminine singular - the covenant", "*ha-nimṣāʾ*": "definite article + niphal participle masculine singular - the being found/discovered", "*bêt*": "preposition + noun masculine singular construct - in house of", "*YHWH*": "divine name - YHWH" }, "variants": { "*wə-yaʿal*": "and he went up/ascended", "*meleḵ*": "king/ruler", "*bêt-YHWH*": "house of YHWH/temple", "*wə-ḵol-ʾîš*": "and every man of/and all men of", "*yəhûdâ*": "Judah [place name]", "*wə-ḵol-yōšəbê*": "and all inhabitants/residents of", "*yərûšālaim*": "Jerusalem [place name]", "*ʾittô*": "with him/accompanying him", "*wə-ha-kōhănîm*": "and the priests", "*wə-ha-nəbîʾîm*": "and the prophets", "*wə-ḵol-hā-ʿām*": "and all the people/populace", "*lə-miqqāṭōn*": "from small/least/youngest", "*wə-ʿad-gādôl*": "and to great/greatest/oldest", "*wə-yiqrāʾ*": "and he read/called out/proclaimed", "*ʾoznêhem*": "in their ears/hearing", "*sēper*": "book/scroll/document", "*ha-bərît*": "the covenant/agreement", "*ha-nimṣāʾ*": "the one found/discovered", "*YHWH*": "LORD/Yahweh [divine name]" } }

{ "verseID": "2 Kings.23.3", "source": "וַיַּעֲמֹ֣ד הַ֠מֶּלֶךְ עַֽל־הָ֨עַמּ֜וּד וַיִּכְרֹ֥ת אֶֽת־הַבְּרִ֣ית ׀ לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֗ה לָלֶ֜כֶת אַחַ֤ר יְהוָה֙ וְלִשְׁמֹ֨ר מִצְוֺתָ֜יו וְאֶת־עֵדְוֺתָ֤יו וְאֶת־חֻקֹּתָיו֙ בְּכָל־לֵ֣ב וּבְכָל־נֶ֔פֶשׁ לְהָקִ֗ים אֶת־דִּבְרֵי֙ הַבְּרִ֣ית הַזֹּ֔את הַכְּתֻבִ֖ים עַל־הַסֵּ֣פֶר הַזֶּ֑ה וַיַּעֲמֹ֥ד כָּל־הָעָ֖ם בַּבְּרִֽית׃", "text": "*wə-yaʿămōd* the *meleḵ* upon-*hā-ʿammûd* *wə-yiḵrōt* *ʾet-ha-bərît* before *YHWH* *lāleḵet* after *YHWH* *wə-lišmōr* *miṣwōtāyw* *wə-ʾet-ʿēdwōtāyw* *wə-ʾet-ḥuqqōtāyw* with all-*lēb* and with all-*nepeš* *ləhāqîm* *ʾet-dibrê* *ha-bərît* *ha-zōʾt* *ha-kətubîm* upon-*ha-sēper* *ha-zeh* *wə-yaʿămōd* all-*hā-ʿām* in *ba-bərît*.", "grammar": { "*wə-yaʿămōd*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he stood", "*meleḵ*": "definite article + noun masculine singular absolute - the king", "*hā-ʿammûd*": "preposition + definite article + noun masculine singular - upon the pillar/platform", "*wə-yiḵrōt*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he cut/made", "*ʾet-ha-bərît*": "direct object marker + definite article + noun feminine singular - the covenant", "*YHWH*": "preposition + divine name - before YHWH", "*lāleḵet*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to walk/follow", "*YHWH*": "preposition + divine name - after YHWH", "*wə-lišmōr*": "conjunction + preposition + qal infinitive construct - and to keep", "*miṣwōtāyw*": "noun feminine plural construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his commandments", "*wə-ʾet-ʿēdwōtāyw*": "conjunction + direct object marker + noun feminine plural construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - and his testimonies", "*wə-ʾet-ḥuqqōtāyw*": "conjunction + direct object marker + noun feminine plural construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - and his statutes", "*lēb*": "preposition + noun masculine singular construct - with all heart", "*nepeš*": "conjunction + preposition + noun feminine singular construct - and with all soul", "*ləhāqîm*": "preposition + hiphil infinitive construct - to establish/fulfill", "*ʾet-dibrê*": "direct object marker + noun masculine plural construct - the words of", "*ha-bərît*": "definite article + noun feminine singular - the covenant", "*ha-zōʾt*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun feminine singular - this", "*ha-kətubîm*": "definite article + qal passive participle masculine plural - the ones written", "*ha-sēper*": "preposition + definite article + noun masculine singular - upon the book/scroll", "*ha-zeh*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun masculine singular - this", "*wə-yaʿămōd*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and stood", "*hā-ʿām*": "noun masculine singular construct + definite article + noun masculine singular - all the people", "*ba-bərît*": "preposition + definite article + noun feminine singular - in the covenant" }, "variants": { "*wə-yaʿămōd*": "and he stood/took position", "*meleḵ*": "king/ruler", "*hā-ʿammûd*": "the pillar/platform/stand", "*wə-yiḵrōt*": "and he cut/made/established", "*ʾet-ha-bərît*": "the covenant/agreement", "*lāleḵet*": "to walk/follow/go", "*wə-lišmōr*": "and to keep/observe/guard", "*miṣwōtāyw*": "his commandments/orders", "*wə-ʾet-ʿēdwōtāyw*": "and his testimonies/warnings/decrees", "*wə-ʾet-ḥuqqōtāyw*": "and his statutes/decrees/ordinances", "*lēb*": "heart/mind/inner person", "*nepeš*": "soul/life/being/self", "*ləhāqîm*": "to establish/fulfill/uphold/confirm", "*ha-bərît*": "the covenant/pact/agreement", "*ha-zōʾt*": "this [feminine]", "*ha-kətubîm*": "the written (ones)/inscribed", "*ha-sēper*": "the book/scroll/document", "*ha-zeh*": "this [masculine]", "*hā-ʿām*": "the people/nation", "*ba-bərît*": "in the covenant/agreement" } }

{ "verseID": "2 Kings.23.4", "source": "וַיְצַ֣ו הַמֶּ֡לֶךְ אֶת־חִלְקִיָּהוּ֩ הַכֹּהֵ֨ן הַגָּד֜וֹל וְאֶת־כֹּהֲנֵ֣י הַמִּשְׁנֶה֮ וְאֶת־שֹׁמְרֵ֣י הַסַּף֒ לְהוֹצִיא֙ מֵהֵיכַ֣ל יְהוָ֔ה אֵ֣ת כָּל־הַכֵּלִ֗ים הָֽעֲשׂוּיִם֙ לַבַּ֣עַל וְלָֽאֲשֵׁרָ֔ה וּלְכֹ֖ל צְבָ֣א הַשָּׁמָ֑יִם וַֽיִּשְׂרְפֵ֞ם מִח֤וּץ לִירוּשָׁלִַ֙ם֙ בְּשַׁדְמ֣וֹת קִדְר֔וֹן וְנָשָׂ֥א אֶת־עֲפָרָ֖ם בֵּֽית־אֵֽל׃", "text": "*wə-yəṣaw* the *meleḵ* *ʾet-ḥilqîyāhû* the *kōhēn* *ha-gādôl* *wə-ʾet-kōhănê* *ha-mišneh* *wə-ʾet-šōmərê* *ha-sap* *ləhôṣîʾ* from *hêḵal* *YHWH* *ʾēt* all-*ha-kēlîm* *hā-ʿăśûyim* for *la-baʿal* and for *lā-ʾăšērâ* and for all *ṣəbāʾ* *ha-šāmāyim* *wə-yiśrəpēm* outside *lîrûšālayim* in *šadmôt* *qidrôn* *wə-nāśāʾ* *ʾet-ʿăpārām* *bêt-ʾēl*.", "grammar": { "*wə-yəṣaw*": "conjunction + piel imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he commanded", "*meleḵ*": "definite article + noun masculine singular absolute - the king", "*ʾet-ḥilqîyāhû*": "direct object marker + proper noun - Hilkiah", "*kōhēn*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the priest", "*ha-gādôl*": "definite article + adjective masculine singular - the high/great", "*wə-ʾet-kōhănê*": "conjunction + direct object marker + noun masculine plural construct - and the priests of", "*ha-mišneh*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the second rank", "*wə-ʾet-šōmərê*": "conjunction + direct object marker + qal participle masculine plural construct - and the keepers of", "*ha-sap*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the threshold/doorway", "*ləhôṣîʾ*": "preposition + hiphil infinitive construct - to bring out", "*hêḵal*": "preposition + noun masculine singular construct - from temple of", "*YHWH*": "divine name - YHWH", "*ʾēt*": "direct object marker", "*ha-kēlîm*": "noun masculine singular construct + definite article + noun masculine plural - all the vessels", "*hā-ʿăśûyim*": "definite article + qal passive participle masculine plural - the ones made", "*la-baʿal*": "preposition + proper noun - for Baal", "*lā-ʾăšērâ*": "conjunction + preposition + proper noun - and for Asherah", "*ṣəbāʾ*": "preposition + noun masculine singular construct - and for all host of", "*ha-šāmāyim*": "definite article + noun masculine plural - the heavens", "*wə-yiśrəpēm*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - and he burned them", "*lîrûšālayim*": "preposition + proper noun - to Jerusalem", "*šadmôt*": "preposition + noun feminine plural construct - in fields of", "*qidrôn*": "proper noun - Kidron", "*wə-nāśāʾ*": "conjunction + qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - and he carried", "*ʾet-ʿăpārām*": "direct object marker + noun masculine singular construct + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their dust/ashes", "*bêt-ʾēl*": "proper noun - Bethel" }, "variants": { "*wə-yəṣaw*": "and he commanded/ordered", "*meleḵ*": "king/ruler", "*ʾet-ḥilqîyāhû*": "Hilkiah [personal name]", "*kōhēn*": "priest/religious official", "*ha-gādôl*": "the great/high/chief", "*wə-ʾet-kōhănê*": "and the priests of", "*ha-mišneh*": "the second rank/deputy/assistant", "*wə-ʾet-šōmərê*": "and the keepers/guards of", "*ha-sap*": "the threshold/doorway/entrance", "*ləhôṣîʾ*": "to bring out/remove/take out", "*hêḵal*": "temple/palace/sanctuary", "*ha-kēlîm*": "the vessels/articles/objects", "*hā-ʿăśûyim*": "the made/manufactured/crafted", "*la-baʿal*": "for Baal [deity name]", "*lā-ʾăšērâ*": "and for Asherah [deity name]", "*ṣəbāʾ*": "host/army/multitude", "*ha-šāmāyim*": "the heavens/sky", "*wə-yiśrəpēm*": "and he burned/consumed them", "*lîrûšālayim*": "to Jerusalem [place name]", "*šadmôt*": "fields/terraces", "*qidrôn*": "Kidron [place name]", "*wə-nāśāʾ*": "and he carried/transported", "*ʾet-ʿăpārām*": "their dust/ashes/remains", "*bêt-ʾēl*": "Bethel [place name]" } }

{ "verseID": "2 Kings.23.5", "source": "וְהִשְׁבִּ֣ית אֶת־הַכְּמָרִ֗ים אֲשֶׁ֤ר נָֽתְנוּ֙ מַלְכֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֔ה וַיְקַטֵּ֤ר בַּבָּמוֹת֙ בְּעָרֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֔ה וּמְסִבֵּ֖י יְרוּשָׁלָ֑͏ִם וְאֶת־הַֽמְקַטְּרִ֣ים לַבַּ֗עַל לַשֶּׁ֤מֶשׁ וְלַיָּרֵ֙חַ֙ וְלַמַּזָּל֔וֹת וּלְכֹ֖ל צְבָ֥א הַשָּׁמָֽיִם׃", "text": "*wə-hišbît* *ʾet-ha-kəmārîm* *ʾăšer* *nātənû* *malḵê* *yəhûdâ* *wə-yəqaṭṭēr* in *ba-bāmôt* in *bə-ʿārê* *yəhûdâ* *û-məsibbê* *yərûšālāim* *wə-ʾet-ha-məqaṭṭərîm* to *la-baʿal* to *la-šemeš* and to *wə-la-yārēaḥ* and to *wə-la-mazzālôt* and to all *ṣəbāʾ* *ha-šāmāyim*.", "grammar": { "*wə-hišbît*": "conjunction + hiphil perfect 3rd masculine singular - and he caused to cease", "*ʾet-ha-kəmārîm*": "direct object marker + definite article + noun masculine plural - the idolatrous priests", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - whom", "*nātənû*": "qal perfect 3rd common plural - they appointed", "*malḵê*": "noun masculine plural construct - kings of", "*yəhûdâ*": "proper noun - Judah", "*wə-yəqaṭṭēr*": "conjunction + piel imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he burned incense", "*ba-bāmôt*": "preposition + definite article + noun feminine plural - in the high places", "*bə-ʿārê*": "preposition + noun feminine plural construct - in cities of", "*yəhûdâ*": "proper noun - Judah", "*û-məsibbê*": "conjunction + noun masculine plural construct - and surroundings of", "*yərûšālāim*": "proper noun - Jerusalem", "*wə-ʾet-ha-məqaṭṭərîm*": "conjunction + direct object marker + definite article + piel participle masculine plural - and the ones burning incense", "*la-baʿal*": "preposition + proper noun - to Baal", "*la-šemeš*": "preposition + definite article + noun common singular - to the sun", "*wə-la-yārēaḥ*": "conjunction + preposition + definite article + noun common singular - and to the moon", "*wə-la-mazzālôt*": "conjunction + preposition + definite article + noun feminine plural - and to the constellations", "*ṣəbāʾ*": "preposition + noun masculine singular construct - and to all host of", "*ha-šāmāyim*": "definite article + noun masculine plural - the heavens" }, "variants": { "*wə-hišbît*": "and he removed/deposed/caused to cease", "*ʾet-ha-kəmārîm*": "the idolatrous priests/pagan priests", "*ʾăšer*": "whom/which", "*nātənû*": "they appointed/installed/established", "*malḵê*": "kings of/rulers of", "*yəhûdâ*": "Judah [place name]", "*wə-yəqaṭṭēr*": "and he burned incense/offered sacrifices", "*ba-bāmôt*": "in the high places/shrines", "*bə-ʿārê*": "in cities of/towns of", "*û-məsibbê*": "and surrounding areas of/environs of", "*yərûšālāim*": "Jerusalem [place name]", "*wə-ʾet-ha-məqaṭṭərîm*": "and the ones burning incense/making offerings", "*la-baʿal*": "to Baal [deity name]", "*la-šemeš*": "to the sun", "*wə-la-yārēaḥ*": "and to the moon", "*wə-la-mazzālôt*": "and to the constellations/zodiacal signs/planets", "*ṣəbāʾ*": "host/army/multitude", "*ha-šāmāyim*": "the heavens/sky" } }

{ "verseID": "2 Kings.23.6", "source": "וַיֹּצֵ֣א אֶת־הָאֲשֵׁרָה֩ מִבֵּ֨ית יְהוָ֜ה מִח֤וּץ לִירוּשָׁלִַ֙ם֙ אֶל־נַ֣חַל קִדְר֔וֹן וַיִּשְׂרֹ֥ף אֹתָ֛הּ בְּנַ֥חַל קִדְר֖וֹן וַיָּ֣דֶק לְעָפָ֑ר וַיַּשְׁלֵךְ֙ אֶת־עֲפָרָ֔הּ עַל־קֶ֖בֶר בְּנֵ֥י הָעָֽם׃", "text": "*wə-yōṣēʾ* *ʾet-hā-ʾăšērâ* from *mi-bêt* *YHWH* outside *li-yrûšālaim* to *naḥal* *qidrôn* *wə-yiśrōp* *ʾōtāh* in *bə-naḥal* *qidrôn* *wə-yādeq* to *lə-ʿāpār* *wə-yašlēḵ* *ʾet-ʿăpārāh* upon *qeber* *bənê* *hā-ʿām*.", "grammar": { "*wə-yōṣēʾ*": "conjunction + hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he brought out", "*ʾet-hā-ʾăšērâ*": "direct object marker + definite article + proper noun - the Asherah", "*mi-bêt*": "preposition + noun masculine singular construct - from house of", "*YHWH*": "divine name - YHWH", "*li-yrûšālaim*": "preposition + proper noun - to Jerusalem", "*naḥal*": "preposition + noun masculine singular construct - to brook/valley of", "*qidrôn*": "proper noun - Kidron", "*wə-yiśrōp*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he burned", "*ʾōtāh*": "direct object marker + 3rd feminine singular suffix - it [feminine]", "*bə-naḥal*": "preposition + noun masculine singular construct - in brook/valley of", "*qidrôn*": "proper noun - Kidron", "*wə-yādeq*": "conjunction + hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he crushed", "*lə-ʿāpār*": "preposition + noun masculine singular - to dust", "*wə-yašlēḵ*": "conjunction + hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he cast", "*ʾet-ʿăpārāh*": "direct object marker + noun masculine singular construct + 3rd feminine singular suffix - its dust", "*qeber*": "preposition + noun masculine singular construct - upon graves of", "*bənê*": "noun masculine plural construct - sons of", "*hā-ʿām*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the people" }, "variants": { "*wə-yōṣēʾ*": "and he brought out/removed", "*ʾet-hā-ʾăšērâ*": "the Asherah [idol/sacred pole]", "*mi-bêt*": "from house of/temple of", "*li-yrûšālaim*": "to Jerusalem [place name]", "*naḥal*": "brook/wadi/valley/stream", "*qidrôn*": "Kidron [place name]", "*wə-yiśrōp*": "and he burned/consumed", "*ʾōtāh*": "it/her [feminine]", "*wə-yādeq*": "and he crushed/pulverized/ground", "*lə-ʿāpār*": "to dust/powder/ashes", "*wə-yašlēḵ*": "and he cast/threw/scattered", "*ʾet-ʿăpārāh*": "its dust/ashes/remains", "*qeber*": "graves/tombs of", "*bənê*": "sons of/children of", "*hā-ʿām*": "the people/common people/masses" } }

{ "verseID": "2 Kings.23.7", "source": "וַיִּתֹּץ֙ אֶת־בָּתֵּ֣י הַקְּדֵשִׁ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֖ר בְּבֵ֣ית יְהוָ֑ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר הַנָּשִׁ֗ים אֹרְג֥וֹת שָׁ֛ם בָּתִּ֖ים לָאֲשֵׁרָֽה׃", "text": "*wə-yittōṣ* *ʾet-bāttê* *ha-qədēšîm* *ʾăšer* in *bêt* *YHWH* *ʾăšer* the *nāšîm* *ʾōrəgôt* there *bāttîm* for *lā-ʾăšērâ*.", "grammar": { "*wə-yittōṣ*": "conjunction + piel imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he broke down", "*ʾet-bāttê*": "direct object marker + noun masculine plural construct - the houses of", "*ha-qədēšîm*": "definite article + noun masculine plural - the male cult prostitutes", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which", "*bêt*": "preposition + noun masculine singular construct - in house of", "*YHWH*": "divine name - YHWH", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - where", "*nāšîm*": "definite article + noun feminine plural - the women", "*ʾōrəgôt*": "qal participle feminine plural - weaving", "*bāttîm*": "adverb + noun masculine plural - there houses/coverings", "*lā-ʾăšērâ*": "preposition + proper noun - for Asherah" }, "variants": { "*wə-yittōṣ*": "and he broke down/demolished/destroyed", "*ʾet-bāttê*": "the houses/quarters of", "*ha-qədēšîm*": "the male cult prostitutes/temple prostitutes/sacred ones", "*ʾăšer*": "which/who/that", "*bêt*": "house/temple of", "*ʾăšer*": "where/in which", "*nāšîm*": "women/females", "*ʾōrəgôt*": "weaving/making", "*bāttîm*": "houses/coverings/hangings/shrines", "*lā-ʾăšērâ*": "for Asherah [deity name]" } }

{ "verseID": "2 Kings.23.8", "source": "וַיָּבֵ֤א אֶת־כָּל־הַכֹּֽהֲנִים֙ מֵעָרֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֔ה וַיְטַמֵּ֣א אֶת־הַבָּמ֗וֹת אֲשֶׁ֤ר קִטְּרוּ־שָׁ֙מָּה֙ הַכֹּ֣הֲנִ֔ים מִגֶּ֖בַע עַד־בְּאֵ֣ר שָׁ֑בַע וְנָתַ֞ץ אֶת־בָּמ֣וֹת הַשְּׁעָרִ֗ים אֲשֶׁר־פֶּ֜תַח שַׁ֤עַר יְהוֹשֻׁ֙עַ֙ שַׂר־הָעִ֔יר אֲשֶֽׁר־עַל־שְׂמֹ֥אול אִ֖ישׁ בְּשַׁ֥עַר הָעִֽיר׃", "text": "*wə-yābēʾ* *ʾet-kol-ha-kōhănîm* from *mē-ʿārê* *yəhûdâ* *wə-yəṭammēʾ* *ʾet-ha-bāmôt* *ʾăšer* *qiṭṭərû-šāmmâ* the *kōhănîm* from *mi-gebaʿ* unto *bəʾēr* *šābaʿ* *wə-nātaṣ* *ʾet-bāmôt* *ha-šəʿārîm* *ʾăšer-petaḥ* *šaʿar* *yəhôšuaʿ* *śar-hā-ʿîr* *ʾăšer-ʿal-śəmōʾwl* *ʾîš* in *bə-šaʿar* *hā-ʿîr*.", "grammar": { "*wə-yābēʾ*": "conjunction + hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he brought", "*ʾet-kol-ha-kōhănîm*": "direct object marker + noun masculine singular construct + definite article + noun masculine plural - all the priests", "*mē-ʿārê*": "preposition + noun feminine plural construct - from cities of", "*yəhûdâ*": "proper noun - Judah", "*wə-yəṭammēʾ*": "conjunction + piel imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he defiled", "*ʾet-ha-bāmôt*": "direct object marker + definite article + noun feminine plural - the high places", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - where", "*qiṭṭərû-šāmmâ*": "piel perfect 3rd common plural + adverb - they burned incense there", "*kōhănîm*": "definite article + noun masculine plural - the priests", "*mi-gebaʿ*": "preposition + proper noun - from Geba", "*bəʾēr*": "preposition + noun feminine singular construct - to Beer", "*šābaʿ*": "proper noun - Sheba", "*wə-nātaṣ*": "conjunction + qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - and he broke down", "*ʾet-bāmôt*": "direct object marker + noun feminine plural construct - the high places of", "*ha-šəʿārîm*": "definite article + noun masculine plural - the gates", "*ʾăšer-petaḥ*": "relative pronoun + noun masculine singular construct - which entrance of", "*šaʿar*": "noun masculine singular construct - gate of", "*yəhôšuaʿ*": "proper noun - Joshua", "*śar-hā-ʿîr*": "noun masculine singular construct + definite article + noun feminine singular - governor of the city", "*ʾăšer-ʿal-śəmōʾwl*": "relative pronoun + preposition + noun feminine singular - which on left of", "*ʾîš*": "noun masculine singular - man", "*bə-šaʿar*": "preposition + noun masculine singular construct - in gate of", "*hā-ʿîr*": "definite article + noun feminine singular - the city" }, "variants": { "*wə-yābēʾ*": "and he brought/gathered", "*ʾet-kol-ha-kōhănîm*": "all the priests", "*mē-ʿārê*": "from cities/towns of", "*yəhûdâ*": "Judah [place name]", "*wə-yəṭammēʾ*": "and he defiled/desecrated/made unclean", "*ʾet-ha-bāmôt*": "the high places/shrines", "*ʾăšer*": "where/at which", "*qiṭṭərû-šāmmâ*": "they burned incense/made offerings there", "*kōhănîm*": "priests/religious officials", "*mi-gebaʿ*": "from Geba [place name]", "*bəʾēr*": "Beer [place name]", "*šābaʿ*": "Sheba [forming Beersheba]", "*wə-nātaṣ*": "and he broke down/demolished/destroyed", "*ʾet-bāmôt*": "the high places/shrines of", "*ha-šəʿārîm*": "the gates/entrances", "*ʾăšer-petaḥ*": "which entrance of/opening of", "*šaʿar*": "gate/entrance of", "*yəhôšuaʿ*": "Joshua [personal name]", "*śar-hā-ʿîr*": "governor/official of the city", "*ʾăšer-ʿal-śəmōʾwl*": "which on left of/to the left of", "*ʾîš*": "man/person/anyone", "*bə-šaʿar*": "in gate/entrance of", "*hā-ʿîr*": "the city/town" } }

{ "verseID": "2 Kings.23.9", "source": "אַ֗ךְ לֹ֤א יַֽעֲלוּ֙ כֹּהֲנֵ֣י הַבָּמ֔וֹת אֶל־מִזְבַּ֥ח יְהוָ֖ה בִּירוּשָׁלָ֑͏ִם כִּ֛י אִם־אָכְל֥וּ מַצּ֖וֹת בְּת֥וֹךְ אֲחֵיהֶֽם׃", "text": "*ʾaḵ* not *yaʿălû* *kōhănê* *ha-bāmôt* to *mizbaḥ* *YHWH* in *bîrûšālāim* but *kî* if-*ʾāḵəlû* *maṣṣôt* in midst *ʾăḥêhem*.", "grammar": { "*ʾaḵ*": "adverb - but/surely/however", "*yaʿălû*": "negative particle + qal imperfect 3rd common plural - they did not go up", "*kōhănê*": "noun masculine plural construct - priests of", "*ha-bāmôt*": "definite article + noun feminine plural - the high places", "*mizbaḥ*": "preposition + noun masculine singular construct - to altar of", "*YHWH*": "divine name - YHWH", "*bîrûšālāim*": "preposition + proper noun - in Jerusalem", "*kî*": "conjunction - but/except", "*ʾāḵəlû*": "conjunction + qal perfect 3rd common plural - they ate", "*maṣṣôt*": "noun feminine plural - unleavened bread", "*ʾăḥêhem*": "preposition + noun masculine singular construct + 3rd masculine plural suffix - in midst their brothers" }, "variants": { "*ʾaḵ*": "but/surely/however/nevertheless", "*yaʿălû*": "they went up/ascended/offered", "*kōhănê*": "priests of", "*ha-bāmôt*": "the high places/shrines", "*mizbaḥ*": "altar/place of sacrifice", "*bîrûšālāim*": "in Jerusalem [place name]", "*kî*": "but/except/only", "*ʾāḵəlû*": "they ate/consumed", "*maṣṣôt*": "unleavened bread/matzot", "*ʾăḥêhem*": "their brothers/colleagues/fellow priests" } }

{ "verseID": "2 Kings.23.10", "source": "וְטִמֵּ֣א אֶת־הַתֹּ֔פֶת אֲשֶׁ֖ר בְּגֵ֣י *בני־**בֶן־הִנֹּ֑ם לְבִלְתִּ֗י לְהַעֲבִ֨יר אִ֜ישׁ אֶת־בְּנ֧וֹ וְאֶת־בִּתּ֛וֹ בָּאֵ֖שׁ לַמֹּֽלֶךְ׃", "text": "*wə-ṭimmēʾ* *ʾet-ha-tōpet* *ʾăšer* in *gê* *ben-hinnōm* to not *lə-biltî* *ləhaʿăbîr* *ʾîš* *ʾet-bənô* and *ʾet-bittô* in *bā-ʾēš* to *la-mōleḵ*.", "grammar": { "*wə-ṭimmēʾ*": "conjunction + piel perfect 3rd masculine singular - and he defiled", "*ʾet-ha-tōpet*": "direct object marker + definite article + proper noun - the Topheth", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which", "*gê*": "preposition + noun masculine singular construct - in valley of", "*ben-hinnōm*": "noun masculine singular construct + proper noun - son of Hinnom", "*lə-biltî*": "preposition + conjunction - to not/so that not", "*ləhaʿăbîr*": "preposition + hiphil infinitive construct - to cause to pass through", "*ʾîš*": "noun masculine singular - man/anyone", "*ʾet-bənô*": "direct object marker + noun masculine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his son", "*ʾet-bittô*": "conjunction + direct object marker + noun feminine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - and his daughter", "*bā-ʾēš*": "preposition + definite article + noun common singular - in the fire", "*la-mōleḵ*": "preposition + proper noun - to Molech" }, "variants": { "*wə-ṭimmēʾ*": "and he defiled/desecrated/made unclean", "*ʾet-ha-tōpet*": "the Topheth [place name]", "*ʾăšer*": "which/that", "*gê*": "valley/ravine of", "*ben-hinnōm*": "son of Hinnom [place name]", "*lə-biltî*": "so that not/in order not to", "*ləhaʿăbîr*": "to cause to pass through/offer/sacrifice", "*ʾîš*": "man/any man/anyone", "*ʾet-bənô*": "his son", "*ʾet-bittô*": "and his daughter", "*bā-ʾēš*": "in the fire", "*la-mōleḵ*": "to Molech [deity name]" } }

{ "verseID": "2 Kings.23.11", "source": "וַיַּשְׁבֵּ֣ת אֶת־הַסּוּסִ֗ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר נָתְנוּ֩ מַלְכֵ֨י יְהוּדָ֤ה לַשֶּׁ֙מֶשׁ֙ מִבֹּ֣א בֵית־יְהוָ֔ה אֶל־לִשְׁכַּת֙ נְתַן־מֶ֣לֶךְ הַסָּרִ֔יס אֲשֶׁ֖ר בַּפַּרְוָרִ֑ים וְאֶת־מַרְכְּב֥וֹת הַשֶּׁ֖מֶשׁ שָׂרַ֥ף בָּאֵֽשׁ׃", "text": "And *wayyašbēṯ* (*šābaṯ*) *ʾeṯ*-the *sûsîm* which *nāṯnû* kings of *yəhûḏāh* to-the-*šemeš* from-*bōʾ* house-of-*YHWH* to-*liškaṯ* *nəṯan*-*meleḵ* the *sārîs* who [was] in-the-*parwārîm*; and-*ʾeṯ*-*markəḇôṯ* the-*šemeš* *śārap̄* in-the-*ʾēš*.", "grammar": { "*wayyašbēṯ*": "Hiphil waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he caused to cease/removed", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*sûsîm*": "masculine plural noun - horses", "*nāṯnû*": "Qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they gave/dedicated", "*yəhûḏāh*": "proper noun - Judah", "*šemeš*": "common noun - sun/sun god", "*bōʾ*": "Qal infinitive construct - entering/entrance", "*YHWH*": "divine name - LORD/Yahweh", "*liškaṯ*": "construct noun - chamber of", "*nəṯan*-*meleḵ*": "proper name - Nathan-melech", "*sārîs*": "masculine singular noun - official/eunuch", "*parwārîm*": "masculine plural noun - colonnade/precincts", "*markəḇôṯ*": "feminine plural noun - chariots of", "*śārap̄*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he burned", "*ʾēš*": "feminine singular noun - fire" }, "variants": { "*šābaṯ*": "to cease/remove/end/eliminate", "*sûsîm*": "horses/cavalry", "*nāṯnû*": "gave/dedicated/appointed", "*šemeš*": "sun/sun deity/sun worship", "*bōʾ*": "entrance/entry/approach", "*liškaṯ*": "chamber/room/hall", "*sārîs*": "eunuch/court official/chamberlain", "*parwārîm*": "precincts/colonnade/suburb/quarters", "*markəḇôṯ*": "chariots/vehicles/conveyances" } }

{ "verseID": "2 Kings.23.12", "source": "וְאֶֽת־הַֽמִּזְבְּח֡וֹת אֲשֶׁ֣ר עַל־הַגָּג֩ עֲלִיַּ֨ת אָחָ֜ז אֲשֶׁר־עָשׂ֣וּ ׀ מַלְכֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֗ה וְאֶת־הַֽמִּזְבְּחוֹת֙ אֲשֶׁר־עָשָׂ֣ה מְנַשֶּׁ֗‪ה בִּשְׁתֵּ֛י חַצְר֥וֹת בֵּית־יְהוָ֖ה נָתַ֣ץ הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ וַיָּ֣רָץ מִשָּׁ֔ם וְהִשְׁלִ֥יךְ אֶת־עֲפָרָ֖ם אֶל־נַ֥חַל קִדְרֽוֹן׃", "text": "And-*ʾeṯ*-the-*mizbeḥôṯ* which [were] on-the-*gāg* *ʿăliyyaṯ* *ʾāḥāz* which-*ʿāśû* kings of-*yəhûḏāh* and-*ʾeṯ*-the-*mizbeḥôṯ* which-*ʿāśāh* *mənaššeh* in-two *ḥaṣrôṯ* house-of-*YHWH* *nāṯaṣ* the-king and-*wayyāroṣ* from-there and-*hišlîḵ* *ʾeṯ*-*ʿăp̄ārām* to-*naḥal* *qiḏrôn*.", "grammar": { "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*mizbeḥôṯ*": "masculine plural noun - altars", "*gāg*": "masculine singular noun - roof", "*ʿăliyyaṯ*": "construct noun - upper chamber of", "*ʾāḥāz*": "proper noun - Ahaz", "*ʿāśû*": "Qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they made", "*yəhûḏāh*": "proper noun - Judah", "*ʿāśāh*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he made", "*mənaššeh*": "proper noun - Manasseh", "*ḥaṣrôṯ*": "feminine plural noun - courts/courtyards", "*YHWH*": "divine name - LORD/Yahweh", "*nāṯaṣ*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he tore down/demolished", "*wayyāroṣ*": "Qal waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he ran", "*hišlîḵ*": "Hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he threw/cast", "*ʿăp̄ārām*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their dust/rubble", "*naḥal*": "masculine singular noun - valley/wadi/brook", "*qiḏrôn*": "proper noun - Kidron" }, "variants": { "*mizbeḥôṯ*": "altars/places of sacrifice", "*gāg*": "roof/top/upper structure", "*ʿăliyyaṯ*": "upper chamber/upper story/roof chamber", "*ʿāśû*": "made/constructed/established", "*ḥaṣrôṯ*": "courts/courtyards/enclosures", "*nāṯaṣ*": "demolished/tore down/broke down/destroyed", "*wayyāroṣ*": "ran/hurried/rushed", "*hišlîḵ*": "threw/cast/flung", "*ʿăp̄ārām*": "their dust/rubble/debris/remains", "*naḥal*": "wadi/brook/valley/ravine" } }

{ "verseID": "2 Kings.23.13", "source": "וְֽאֶת־הַבָּמ֞וֹת אֲשֶׁ֣ר ׀ עַל־פְּנֵ֣י יְרוּשָׁלִַ֗ם אֲשֶׁר֮ מִימִ֣ין לְהַר־הַמַּשְׁחִית֒ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בָּ֠נָה שְׁלֹמֹ֨ה מֶֽלֶךְ־יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל לְעַשְׁתֹּ֣רֶת ׀ שִׁקֻּ֣ץ צִידֹנִ֗ים וְלִכְמוֹשׁ֙ שִׁקֻּ֣ץ מוֹאָ֔ב וּלְמִלְכֹּ֖ם תּוֹעֲבַ֣ת בְּנֵֽי־עַמּ֑וֹן טִמֵּ֖א הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃", "text": "And-*ʾeṯ*-the-*bāmôṯ* which [were] on-*pənê* *yərûšālaim* which [were] from-right to-*har*-the-*mašḥîṯ* which *bānāh* *šəlōmōh* king-of-*yiśrāʾēl* for-*ʿaštōreṯ* *šiqqūṣ* *ṣîḏōnîm* and-for-*kəmôš* *šiqqūṣ* *môʾāḇ* and-for-*milkōm* *tôʿăḇaṯ* *bənê*-*ʿammôn* *ṭimmēʾ* the-king.", "grammar": { "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*bāmôṯ*": "feminine plural noun - high places", "*pənê*": "construct masculine plural noun - faces of", "*yərûšālaim*": "proper noun - Jerusalem", "*har*": "masculine singular noun - mountain/hill", "*mašḥîṯ*": "Hiphil participle as noun - destruction/corruption", "*bānāh*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he built", "*šəlōmōh*": "proper noun - Solomon", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*ʿaštōreṯ*": "proper noun - Ashtoreth (goddess)", "*šiqqūṣ*": "masculine singular construct noun - detestable thing of", "*ṣîḏōnîm*": "proper noun, plural - Sidonians", "*kəmôš*": "proper noun - Chemosh (god)", "*môʾāḇ*": "proper noun - Moab", "*milkōm*": "proper noun - Milkom/Molech (god)", "*tôʿăḇaṯ*": "feminine singular construct noun - abomination of", "*bənê*": "masculine plural construct noun - sons/children of", "*ʿammôn*": "proper noun - Ammon", "*ṭimmēʾ*": "Piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he defiled/made unclean" }, "variants": { "*bāmôṯ*": "high places/shrines/cult platforms", "*pənê*": "face/surface/before/in front of", "*har*-the-*mašḥîṯ*": "Mount of Destruction/Mount of Corruption/Mount of Olives", "*šiqqūṣ*": "detestable thing/abomination/idol", "*tôʿăḇaṯ*": "abomination/detestable thing", "*ṭimmēʾ*": "defiled/made unclean/desecrated" } }

{ "verseID": "2 Kings.23.14", "source": "וְשִׁבַּר֙ אֶת־הַמַּצֵּב֔וֹת וַיִּכְרֹ֖ת אֶת־הָאֲשֵׁרִ֑ים וַיְמַלֵּ֥א אֶת־מְקוֹמָ֖ם עַצְמ֥וֹת אָדָֽם׃", "text": "And-*šibbar* *ʾeṯ*-the-*maṣṣēḇôṯ* and-*wayyiḵrōṯ* *ʾeṯ*-the-*ʾăšērîm* and-*wayəmallēʾ* *ʾeṯ*-*məqômām* *ʿaṣmôṯ* *ʾāḏām*.", "grammar": { "*šibbar*": "Piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he broke/shattered", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*maṣṣēḇôṯ*": "feminine plural noun - pillars/standing stones", "*wayyiḵrōṯ*": "Qal waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he cut down", "*ʾăšērîm*": "masculine plural noun - Asherah poles/sacred trees", "*wayəmallēʾ*": "Piel waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he filled", "*məqômām*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their place", "*ʿaṣmôṯ*": "feminine plural construct noun - bones of", "*ʾāḏām*": "masculine singular noun - man/human" }, "variants": { "*šibbar*": "broke/shattered/smashed", "*maṣṣēḇôṯ*": "pillars/standing stones/sacred stones/memorial stones", "*wayyiḵrōṯ*": "cut down/cut off/hewed", "*ʾăšērîm*": "Asherah poles/sacred trees/cultic poles", "*wayəmallēʾ*": "filled/stuffed/packed", "*məqômām*": "their place/location/position", "*ʿaṣmôṯ*": "bones/remains", "*ʾāḏām*": "human/person/man/mankind" } }

{ "verseID": "2 Kings.23.15", "source": "וְגַ֨ם אֶת־הַמִּזְבֵּ֜חַ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּבֵֽית־אֵ֗ל הַבָּמָה֙ אֲשֶׁ֨ר עָשָׂ֜ה יָרָבְעָ֤ם בֶּן־נְבָט֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הֶחֱטִ֣יא אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל גַּ֣ם אֶת־הַמִּזְבֵּ֧חַ הַה֛וּא וְאֶת־הַבָּמָ֖ה נָתָ֑ץ וַיִּשְׂרֹ֧ף אֶת־הַבָּמָ֛ה הֵדַ֥ק לְעָפָ֖ר וְשָׂרַ֥ף אֲשֵׁרָֽה׃", "text": "And-*gam* *ʾeṯ*-the-*mizbeaḥ* which [was] in-*bêṯ*-*ʾēl* the-*bāmāh* which *ʿāśāh* *yāroḇʿām* *ben*-*nəḇāṭ* who *heḥĕṭîʾ* *ʾeṯ*-*yiśrāʾēl*, *gam* *ʾeṯ*-the-*mizbeaḥ* that and-*ʾeṯ*-the-*bāmāh* *nāṯāṣ*; and-*wayyiśrōp̄* *ʾeṯ*-the-*bāmāh* *hēdaq* to-*ʿāp̄ār* and-*śārap̄* *ʾăšērāh*.", "grammar": { "*gam*": "adverb - also/even/moreover", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*mizbeaḥ*": "masculine singular noun - altar", "*bêṯ*-*ʾēl*": "proper noun - Bethel", "*bāmāh*": "feminine singular noun - high place", "*ʿāśāh*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he made", "*yāroḇʿām*": "proper noun - Jeroboam", "*ben*": "masculine singular construct noun - son of", "*nəḇāṭ*": "proper noun - Nebat", "*heḥĕṭîʾ*": "Hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he caused to sin", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*nāṯāṣ*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he tore down", "*wayyiśrōp̄*": "Qal waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he burned", "*hēdaq*": "Hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he pulverized", "*ʿāp̄ār*": "masculine singular noun - dust/powder", "*śārap̄*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he burned", "*ʾăšērāh*": "feminine singular noun - Asherah pole" }, "variants": { "*gam*": "also/moreover/indeed/even", "*mizbeaḥ*": "altar/place of sacrifice", "*bāmāh*": "high place/shrine/cult platform", "*heḥĕṭîʾ*": "caused to sin/led into sin", "*nāṯāṣ*": "tore down/demolished/destroyed", "*hēdaq*": "pulverized/crushed/ground to dust", "*ʿāp̄ār*": "dust/powder/earth/soil", "*ʾăšērāh*": "Asherah pole/sacred tree/cultic symbol" } }

{ "verseID": "2 Kings.23.16", "source": "וַיִּ֣פֶן יֹאשִׁיָּ֗הוּ וַיַּ֨רְא אֶת־הַקְּבָרִ֤ים אֲשֶׁר־שָׁם֙ בָּהָ֔ר וַיִּשְׁלַ֗ח וַיִּקַּ֤ח אֶת־הָֽעֲצָמוֹת֙ מִן־הַקְּבָרִ֔ים וַיִּשְׂרֹ֥ף עַל־הַמִּזְבֵּ֖חַ וַֽיְטַמְּאֵ֑הוּ כִּדְבַ֣ר יְהוָ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֤ר קָרָא֙ אִ֣ישׁ הָאֱלֹהִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר קָרָ֔א אֶת־הַדְּבָרִ֖ים הָאֵֽלֶּה׃", "text": "And-*wayyipen* *yōʾšiyyāhû* and-*wayyarʾ* *ʾeṯ*-the-*qəḇārîm* which-[were] there in-the-*hār*, and-*wayyišlaḥ* and-*wayyiqqaḥ* *ʾeṯ*-the-*ʿăṣāmôṯ* from-the-*qəḇārîm*, and-*wayyiśrōp̄* on-the-*mizbeaḥ* and-*wayəṭamməʾēhû* according-to-*dəḇar* *YHWH* which *qārāʾ* *ʾîš* the-*ʾĕlōhîm*, who *qārāʾ* *ʾeṯ*-the-*dəḇārîm* the-these.", "grammar": { "*wayyipen*": "Qal waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he turned", "*yōʾšiyyāhû*": "proper noun - Josiah", "*wayyarʾ*": "Qal waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he saw", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*qəḇārîm*": "masculine plural noun - graves/tombs", "*hār*": "masculine singular noun - mountain/hill", "*wayyišlaḥ*": "Qal waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he sent", "*wayyiqqaḥ*": "Qal waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he took", "*ʿăṣāmôṯ*": "feminine plural noun - bones", "*wayyiśrōp̄*": "Qal waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he burned", "*mizbeaḥ*": "masculine singular noun - altar", "*wayəṭamməʾēhû*": "Piel waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - and he defiled it", "*dəḇar*": "masculine singular construct noun - word of", "*YHWH*": "divine name - LORD/Yahweh", "*qārāʾ*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he proclaimed/called", "*ʾîš*": "masculine singular construct noun - man of", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "masculine plural noun - God/gods", "*dəḇārîm*": "masculine plural noun - words/things" }, "variants": { "*wayyipen*": "turned/faced/looked", "*wayyarʾ*": "saw/noticed/observed", "*qəḇārîm*": "graves/tombs/burial places", "*wayyišlaḥ*": "sent/stretched out/dispatched", "*wayyiqqaḥ*": "took/seized/fetched", "*ʿăṣāmôṯ*": "bones/remains", "*wayyiśrōp̄*": "burned/consumed with fire", "*wayəṭamməʾēhû*": "defiled it/made it unclean/desecrated it", "*dəḇar*": "word/matter/thing", "*qārāʾ*": "proclaimed/announced/called out", "*ʾîš*": "man/person", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "God/divine being", "*dəḇārîm*": "words/things/matters" } }

{ "verseID": "2 Kings.23.17", "source": "וַיֹּ֕אמֶר מָ֚ה הַצִיּ֣וּן הַלָּ֔ז אֲשֶׁ֖ר אֲנִ֣י רֹאֶ֑ה וַיֹּאמְר֨וּ אֵלָ֜יו אַנְשֵׁ֣י הָעִ֗יר הַקֶּ֤בֶר אִישׁ־הָֽאֱלֹהִים֙ אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֣א מִֽיהוּדָ֔ה וַיִּקְרָ֗א אֶת־הַדְּבָרִ֤ים הָאֵ֙לֶּה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשִׂ֔יתָ עַ֖ל הַמִּזְבַּ֥ח בֵּֽית־אֵֽל׃", "text": "And-*wayyōʾmer* what [is] the-*ṣiyyûn* the-*lāz* which I *rōʾeh*? And-*wayyōʾmrû* to-him *ʾanšê* the-*ʿîr*: The-*qeḇer* *ʾîš*-the-*ʾĕlōhîm* who-*bāʾ* from-*yəhûḏāh* and-*wayyiqrāʾ* *ʾeṯ*-the-*dəḇārîm* the-these which *ʿāśîṯā* against the-*mizbaḥ* *bêṯ*-*ʾēl*.", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "Qal waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*ṣiyyûn*": "masculine singular noun - monument/marker", "*lāz*": "demonstrative pronoun - this", "*rōʾeh*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - seeing", "*wayyōʾmrû*": "Qal waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they said", "*ʾanšê*": "masculine plural construct noun - men of", "*ʿîr*": "feminine singular noun - city", "*qeḇer*": "masculine singular noun - grave/tomb", "*ʾîš*": "masculine singular construct noun - man of", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "masculine plural noun - God/gods", "*bāʾ*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he came", "*yəhûḏāh*": "proper noun - Judah", "*wayyiqrāʾ*": "Qal waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he proclaimed", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*dəḇārîm*": "masculine plural noun - words/things", "*ʿāśîṯā*": "Qal perfect, 2nd masculine singular - you did/made", "*mizbaḥ*": "masculine singular noun - altar", "*bêṯ*-*ʾēl*": "proper noun - Bethel" }, "variants": { "*ṣiyyûn*": "monument/marker/pillar/gravestone", "*lāz*": "this/that", "*rōʾeh*": "see/observe/looking at", "*ʾanšê*": "men/people/inhabitants", "*qeḇer*": "grave/tomb/burial place", "*bāʾ*": "came/arrived/went", "*wayyiqrāʾ*": "proclaimed/called out/announced", "*dəḇārîm*": "words/things/matters", "*ʿāśîṯā*": "you did/you have done/you performed" } }

{ "verseID": "2 Kings.23.18", "source": "וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ הַנִּ֣יחוּ ל֔וֹ אִ֖ישׁ אַל־יָנַ֣ע עַצְמֹתָ֑יו וַֽיְמַלְּטוּ֙ עַצְמֹתָ֔יו אֵ֚ת עַצְמ֣וֹת הַנָּבִ֔יא אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֖א מִשֹּׁמְרֽוֹן׃", "text": "And-*wayyōʾmer* *hannîḥû* to-him, *ʾîš* not-*yānaʿ* *ʿaṣmōṯāyw*; and-*wayəmalləṭû* *ʿaṣmōṯāyw* *ʾēṯ* *ʿaṣmôṯ* the-*nāḇîʾ* who-*bāʾ* from-*šōmrôn*.", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "Qal waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*hannîḥû*": "Hiphil imperative, masculine plural - leave/let be", "*ʾîš*": "masculine singular noun - man", "*yānaʿ*": "Hiphil jussive, 3rd masculine singular - let move/disturb", "*ʿaṣmōṯāyw*": "feminine plural noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his bones", "*wayəmalləṭû*": "Piel waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they rescued/saved", "*ʾēṯ*": "direct object marker", "*ʿaṣmôṯ*": "feminine plural construct noun - bones of", "*nāḇîʾ*": "masculine singular noun - prophet", "*bāʾ*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he came", "*šōmrôn*": "proper noun - Samaria" }, "variants": { "*hannîḥû*": "leave alone/let rest/leave undisturbed", "*ʾîš*": "man/anyone/no one", "*yānaʿ*": "move/disturb/touch", "*ʿaṣmōṯāyw*": "his bones/his remains", "*wayəmalləṭû*": "they saved/they rescued/they preserved", "*ʿaṣmôṯ*": "bones/remains", "*nāḇîʾ*": "prophet/seer", "*bāʾ*": "came/arrived from" } }

{ "verseID": "2 Kings.23.19", "source": "וְגַם֩ אֶת־כָּל־בָּתֵּ֨י הַבָּמ֜וֹת אֲשֶׁ֣ר ׀ בְּעָרֵ֣י שֹׁמְר֗וֹן אֲשֶׁ֨ר עָשׂ֜וּ מַלְכֵ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ לְהַכְעִ֔יס הֵסִ֖יר יֹֽאשִׁיָּ֑הוּ וַיַּ֣עַשׂ לָהֶ֔ם כְּכָל־הַֽמַּעֲשִׂ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשָׂ֖ה בְּבֵֽית־אֵֽל׃", "text": "And-*gam* *ʾeṯ*-all-*bāttê* the-*bāmôṯ* which [were] in-*ʿārê* *šōmrôn*, which *ʿāśû* kings of-*yiśrāʾēl* to-*haḵʿîs*, *hēsîr* *yōʾšiyyāhû*; and-*wayyaʿaś* to-them like-all-the-*maʿăśîm* which *ʿāśāh* in-*bêṯ*-*ʾēl*.", "grammar": { "*gam*": "adverb - also/moreover/even", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*bāttê*": "masculine plural construct noun - houses of", "*bāmôṯ*": "feminine plural noun - high places", "*ʿārê*": "feminine plural construct noun - cities of", "*šōmrôn*": "proper noun - Samaria", "*ʿāśû*": "Qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they made", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*haḵʿîs*": "Hiphil infinitive construct - to provoke/anger", "*hēsîr*": "Hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he removed", "*yōʾšiyyāhû*": "proper noun - Josiah", "*wayyaʿaś*": "Qal waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he did", "*maʿăśîm*": "masculine plural noun - deeds/acts", "*ʿāśāh*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he did", "*bêṯ*-*ʾēl*": "proper noun - Bethel" }, "variants": { "*gam*": "also/moreover/even/in addition", "*bāttê*": "houses/shrines/temples", "*bāmôṯ*": "high places/shrines/cult platforms", "*ʿārê*": "cities/towns", "*ʿāśû*": "made/built/established", "*haḵʿîs*": "to provoke to anger/to offend/to irritate", "*hēsîr*": "removed/took away/eliminated", "*wayyaʿaś*": "did/performed/dealt with", "*maʿăśîm*": "deeds/actions/practices" } }

{ "verseID": "2 Kings.23.20", "source": "וַ֠יִּזְבַּח אֶת־כָּל־כֹּהֲנֵ֨י הַבָּמ֤וֹת אֲשֶׁר־שָׁם֙ עַל־הַֽמִּזְבְּח֔וֹת וַיִּשְׂרֹ֛ף אֶת־עַצְמ֥וֹת אָדָ֖ם עֲלֵיהֶ֑ם וַיָּ֖שָׁב יְרוּשָׁלָֽ͏ִם׃", "text": "And-*wayyizbaḥ* *ʾeṯ*-all-*kōhănê* the-*bāmôṯ* which-[were] there on-the-*mizbəḥôṯ*, and-*wayyiśrōp̄* *ʾeṯ*-*ʿaṣmôṯ* *ʾāḏām* upon-them, and-*wayyāšoḇ* *yərûšālāim*.", "grammar": { "*wayyizbaḥ*": "Qal waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he slaughtered/sacrificed", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*kōhănê*": "masculine plural construct noun - priests of", "*bāmôṯ*": "feminine plural noun - high places", "*mizbəḥôṯ*": "masculine plural noun - altars", "*wayyiśrōp̄*": "Qal waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he burned", "*ʿaṣmôṯ*": "feminine plural construct noun - bones of", "*ʾāḏām*": "masculine singular noun - man/human", "*wayyāšoḇ*": "Qal waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he returned", "*yərûšālāim*": "proper noun - Jerusalem" }, "variants": { "*wayyizbaḥ*": "slaughtered/sacrificed/killed", "*kōhănê*": "priests/officiants", "*bāmôṯ*": "high places/shrines/cult platforms", "*mizbəḥôṯ*": "altars/places of sacrifice", "*wayyiśrōp̄*": "burned/consumed with fire", "*ʿaṣmôṯ*": "bones/remains", "*ʾāḏām*": "human/person/man", "*wayyāšoḇ*": "returned/went back" } }

{ "verseID": "2 Kings.23.21", "source": "וַיְצַ֤ו הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ אֶת־כָּל־הָעָ֣ם לֵאמֹ֔ר עֲשׂ֣וּ פֶ֔סַח לַֽיהוָ֖ה אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶ֑ם כַּכָּת֕וּב עַ֛ל סֵ֥פֶר הַבְּרִ֖ית הַזֶּֽה׃", "text": "And-*wayəṣaw* the-*meleḵ* *ʾeṯ*-all-the-*ʿām* *lēmōr*: *ʿăśû* *pesaḥ* to-*YHWH* *ʾĕlōhêḵem* as-*kakkāṯûḇ* on *sēp̄er* the-*bərîṯ* the-this.", "grammar": { "*wayəṣaw*": "Piel waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he commanded", "*meleḵ*": "masculine singular noun - king", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*ʿām*": "masculine singular noun - people", "*lēmōr*": "Qal infinitive construct - saying", "*ʿăśû*": "Qal imperative, masculine plural - do/make/perform", "*pesaḥ*": "masculine singular noun - Passover", "*YHWH*": "divine name - LORD/Yahweh", "*ʾĕlōhêḵem*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd masculine plural suffix - your God", "*kakkāṯûḇ*": "Qal passive participle with prefix - as written", "*sēp̄er*": "masculine singular construct noun - book/scroll of", "*bərîṯ*": "feminine singular noun - covenant" }, "variants": { "*wayəṣaw*": "commanded/ordered/instructed", "*meleḵ*": "king/ruler", "*ʿām*": "people/nation/population", "*ʿăśû*": "observe/celebrate/perform", "*pesaḥ*": "Passover/Passover sacrifice", "*ʾĕlōhêḵem*": "your God/your deity", "*kakkāṯûḇ*": "as is written/as prescribed/according to what is written", "*sēp̄er*": "book/scroll/document", "*bərîṯ*": "covenant/agreement/treaty" } }

{ "verseID": "2 Kings.23.22", "source": "כִּ֣י לֹ֤א נַֽעֲשָׂה֙ כַּפֶּ֣סַח הַזֶּ֔ה מִימֵי֙ הַשֹּׁ֣פְטִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר שָׁפְט֖וּ אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וְכֹ֗ל יְמֵ֛י מַלְכֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל וּמַלְכֵ֥י יְהוּדָֽה׃", "text": "For not *naʿăśâ* like the *pesaḥ* the this from-days the *šōpᵊṭîm* who *šāpᵊṭû* *ʾet*-*yiśrāʾēl* and-all days-of *malkê* *yiśrāʾēl* and-*malkê* *yᵊhûdâ*.", "grammar": { "*naʿăśâ*": "Niphal perfect, 3rd singular, masculine - was made/done/kept", "*pesaḥ*": "noun, masculine, singular - passover", "*šōpᵊṭîm*": "noun, masculine, plural - judges", "*šāpᵊṭû*": "Qal perfect, 3rd plural - they judged", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*malkê*": "noun, masculine, plural construct - kings of", "*yᵊhûdâ*": "proper noun - Judah" }, "variants": { "*naʿăśâ*": "was made/was done/was kept/was celebrated", "*pesaḥ*": "passover/passover sacrifice", "*šōpᵊṭîm*": "judges/rulers", "*šāpᵊṭû*": "judged/governed/ruled" } }

{ "verseID": "2 Kings.23.23", "source": "כִּ֠י אִם־בִּשְׁמֹנֶ֤ה עֶשְׂרֵה֙ שָׁנָ֔ה לַמֶּ֖לֶךְ יֹֽאשִׁיָּ֑הוּ נַעֲשָׂ֞ה הַפֶּ֧סַח הַזֶּ֛ה לַיהוָ֖ה בִּירוּשָׁלָֽ͏ִם׃", "text": "But in-eighteen *šānâ* to-the-*melek* *yōʾšiyyāhû* *naʿăśâ* the-*pesaḥ* the-this to-*YHWH* in-*yᵊrûšālaim*.", "grammar": { "*šānâ*": "noun, feminine, singular - year", "*melek*": "noun, masculine, singular - king", "*yōʾšiyyāhû*": "proper noun - Josiah", "*naʿăśâ*": "Niphal perfect, 3rd singular, masculine - was made/done/kept", "*pesaḥ*": "noun, masculine, singular - passover", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - Yahweh/LORD", "*yᵊrûšālaim*": "proper noun - Jerusalem" }, "variants": { "*naʿăśâ*": "was made/was done/was kept/was celebrated", "*pesaḥ*": "passover/passover sacrifice" } }

{ "verseID": "2 Kings.23.24", "source": "וְגַ֣ם אֶת־הָאֹב֣וֹת וְאֶת־הַ֠יִּדְּעֹנִים וְאֶת־הַתְּרָפִ֨ים וְאֶת־הַגִּלֻּלִ֜ים וְאֵ֣ת כָּל־הַשִּׁקֻּצִ֗ים אֲשֶׁ֤ר נִרְאוּ֙ בְּאֶ֤רֶץ יְהוּדָה֙ וּבִיר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם בִּעֵ֖ר יֹֽאשִׁיָּ֑הוּ לְ֠מַעַן הָקִ֞ים אֶת־דִּבְרֵ֤י הַתּוֹרָה֙ הַכְּתֻבִ֣ים עַל־הַסֵּ֔פֶר אֲשֶׁ֥ר מָצָ֛א חִלְקִיָּ֥הוּ הַכֹּהֵ֖ן בֵּ֥ית יְהוָֽה׃", "text": "And-also *ʾet*-the-*ʾōbôt* and-*ʾet*-the-*yiddᵊʿōnîm* and-*ʾet*-the-*tᵊrāpîm* and-*ʾet*-the-*gillulîm* and-*ʾēt* all-the-*šiqqūṣîm* which *nirʾû* in-*ʾereṣ* *yᵊhûdâ* and-in-*yᵊrûšālaim* *biʿēr* *yōʾšiyyāhû* for-*lᵊmaʿan* *hāqîm* *ʾet*-*dibrê* the-*tôrâ* the-*kᵊtubîm* on-the-*sēper* which *māṣāʾ* *ḥilqiyyāhû* the-*kōhēn* *bêt* *YHWH*.", "grammar": { "*ʾōbôt*": "noun, masculine, plural - mediums/necromancers", "*yiddᵊʿōnîm*": "noun, masculine, plural - spiritists/fortune-tellers", "*tᵊrāpîm*": "noun, masculine, plural - household idols/teraphim", "*gillulîm*": "noun, masculine, plural - idols/dung idols", "*šiqqūṣîm*": "noun, masculine, plural - detestable things/abominations", "*nirʾû*": "Niphal perfect, 3rd plural - were seen", "*ʾereṣ*": "noun, feminine, singular construct - land of", "*yᵊhûdâ*": "proper noun - Judah", "*yᵊrûšālaim*": "proper noun - Jerusalem", "*biʿēr*": "Piel perfect, 3rd singular, masculine - he burned/removed/purged", "*yōʾšiyyāhû*": "proper noun - Josiah", "*lᵊmaʿan*": "conjunction - in order that/so that", "*hāqîm*": "Hiphil infinitive construct - to establish/confirm", "*dibrê*": "noun, masculine, plural construct - words of", "*tôrâ*": "noun, feminine, singular - law/instruction", "*kᵊtubîm*": "Qal passive participle, masculine, plural - written", "*sēper*": "noun, masculine, singular - book/scroll", "*māṣāʾ*": "Qal perfect, 3rd singular, masculine - he found", "*ḥilqiyyāhû*": "proper noun - Hilkiah", "*kōhēn*": "noun, masculine, singular - priest", "*bêt*": "noun, masculine, singular construct - house of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - Yahweh/LORD" }, "variants": { "*ʾōbôt*": "mediums/necromancers/those who consult spirits of the dead", "*yiddᵊʿōnîm*": "spiritists/fortune-tellers/wizards", "*tᵊrāpîm*": "household idols/teraphim/figurines", "*gillulîm*": "idols/dung idols/logs", "*šiqqūṣîm*": "detestable things/abominations/disgusting things", "*biʿēr*": "burned/removed/purged/destroyed", "*hāqîm*": "to establish/confirm/fulfill/perform", "*dibrê*": "words/matters/things", "*tôrâ*": "law/instruction/teaching", "*sēper*": "book/scroll/document" } }

{ "verseID": "2 Kings.23.25", "source": "וְכָמֹהוּ֩ לֹֽא־הָיָ֨ה לְפָנָ֜יו מֶ֗לֶךְ אֲשֶׁר־שָׁ֤ב אֶל־יְהוָה֙ בְּכָל־לְבָב֤וֹ וּבְכָל־נַפְשׁוֹ֙ וּבְכָל־מְאֹד֔וֹ כְּכֹ֖ל תּוֹרַ֣ת מֹשֶׁ֑ה וְאַחֲרָ֖יו לֹֽא־קָ֥ם כָּמֹֽהוּ׃", "text": "And-like-him not-*hāyâ* before-him *melek* who-*šāb* to-*YHWH* with-all-*lᵊbābô* and-with-all-*napšô* and-with-all-*mᵊʾōdô* according-to-all *tôrat* *mōšeh* and-after-him not-*qām* like-him.", "grammar": { "*hāyâ*": "Qal perfect, 3rd singular, masculine - was/existed", "*melek*": "noun, masculine, singular - king", "*šāb*": "Qal perfect, 3rd singular, masculine - he turned/returned", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - Yahweh/LORD", "*lᵊbābô*": "noun, masculine, singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his heart", "*napšô*": "noun, feminine, singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his soul", "*mᵊʾōdô*": "noun, masculine, singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his might", "*tôrat*": "noun, feminine, singular construct - law of", "*mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses", "*qām*": "Qal perfect, 3rd singular, masculine - arose/stood up" }, "variants": { "*hāyâ*": "was/existed/happened", "*šāb*": "turned/returned/came back", "*lᵊbābô*": "his heart/mind/inner self", "*napšô*": "his soul/life/desire/being", "*mᵊʾōdô*": "his might/strength/abundance", "*qām*": "arose/stood up/appeared" } }

{ "verseID": "2 Kings.23.26", "source": "אַ֣ךְ ׀ לֹֽא־שָׁ֣ב יְהוָ֗ה מֵחֲר֤וֹן אַפּוֹ֙ הַגָּד֔וֹל אֲשֶׁר־חָרָ֥ה אַפּ֖וֹ בִּֽיהוּדָ֑ה עַ֚ל כָּל־הַכְּעָסִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר הִכְעִיס֖וֹ מְנַשֶּֽׁה׃", "text": "Yet not-*šāb* *YHWH* from-*ḥărôn* *ʾappô* the-*gādôl* which-*ḥārâ* *ʾappô* in-*yᵊhûdâ* for all-the-*kᵊʿāsîm* which *hikʿîsô* *mᵊnaššeh*.", "grammar": { "*šāb*": "Qal perfect, 3rd singular, masculine - he turned/returned", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - Yahweh/LORD", "*ḥărôn*": "noun, masculine, singular construct - burning of", "*ʾappô*": "noun, masculine, singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his anger", "*gādôl*": "adjective, masculine, singular - great", "*ḥārâ*": "Qal perfect, 3rd singular, masculine - burned", "*yᵊhûdâ*": "proper noun - Judah", "*kᵊʿāsîm*": "noun, masculine, plural - provocations", "*hikʿîsô*": "Hiphil perfect, 3rd singular, masculine + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - he provoked him", "*mᵊnaššeh*": "proper noun - Manasseh" }, "variants": { "*šāb*": "turned/returned/relented", "*ḥărôn*": "burning/heat/fierceness", "*ʾappô*": "his nose/anger/wrath", "*gādôl*": "great/large/intense", "*ḥārâ*": "burned/kindled/became hot", "*kᵊʿāsîm*": "provocations/vexations/offenses", "*hikʿîsô*": "provoked him/angered him/vexed him" } }

{ "verseID": "2 Kings.23.27", "source": "וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יְהוָ֗ה גַּ֤ם אֶת־יְהוּדָה֙ אָסִיר֙ מֵעַ֣ל פָּנַ֔י כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר הֲסִרֹ֖תִי אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וּ֠מָאַסְתִּי אֶת־הָעִ֨יר הַזֹּ֤את אֲשֶׁר־בָּחַ֙רְתִּי֙ אֶת־יְר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם וְאֶת־הַבַּ֔יִת אֲשֶׁ֣ר אָמַ֔רְתִּי יִהְיֶ֥ה שְׁמִ֖י שָֽׁם׃", "text": "And-*yōʾmer* *YHWH* also *ʾet*-*yᵊhûdâ* *ʾāsîr* from-upon *pānay* as-which *hăsirōtî* *ʾet*-*yiśrāʾēl* and-*māʾastî* *ʾet*-the-*ʿîr* the-this which-*bāḥartî* *ʾet*-*yᵊrûšālaim* and-*ʾet*-the-*bayit* which *ʾāmartî* *yihyeh* *šᵊmî* there.", "grammar": { "*yōʾmer*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd singular, masculine with waw consecutive (narrative past) - and he said", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - Yahweh/LORD", "*yᵊhûdâ*": "proper noun - Judah", "*ʾāsîr*": "Hiphil imperfect, 1st singular - I will remove", "*pānay*": "noun, masculine, plural construct + 1st person singular suffix - my face/presence", "*hăsirōtî*": "Hiphil perfect, 1st singular - I removed", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*māʾastî*": "Qal perfect, 1st singular - I rejected", "*ʿîr*": "noun, feminine, singular - city", "*bāḥartî*": "Qal perfect, 1st singular - I chose", "*yᵊrûšālaim*": "proper noun - Jerusalem", "*bayit*": "noun, masculine, singular - house", "*ʾāmartî*": "Qal perfect, 1st singular - I said", "*yihyeh*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd singular, masculine - will be", "*šᵊmî*": "noun, masculine, singular + 1st person singular suffix - my name" }, "variants": { "*yōʾmer*": "said/spoke/declared", "*ʾāsîr*": "I will remove/take away/turn aside", "*pānay*": "my face/presence/sight", "*hăsirōtî*": "I removed/took away/put aside", "*māʾastî*": "I rejected/despised/refused", "*ʿîr*": "city/town", "*bāḥartî*": "I chose/selected/elected", "*bayit*": "house/temple/dynasty", "*ʾāmartî*": "I said/spoke/declared", "*yihyeh*": "will be/shall be/is to be", "*šᵊmî*": "my name/reputation/memorial" } }

{ "verseID": "2 Kings.23.28", "source": "וְיֶ֛תֶר דִּבְרֵ֥י יֹאשִׁיָּ֖הוּ וְכָל־אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשָׂ֑ה הֲלֹא־הֵ֣ם כְּתוּבִ֗ים עַל־סֵ֛פֶר דִּבְרֵ֥י הַיָּמִ֖ים לְמַלְכֵ֥י יְהוּדָֽה׃", "text": "And-*yeter* *dibrê* *yōʾšiyyāhû* and-all-which *ʿāśâ* are-not-they *kᵊtûbîm* on-*sēper* *dibrê* the-*yāmîm* for-*malkê* *yᵊhûdâ*.", "grammar": { "*yeter*": "noun, masculine, singular construct - remainder of", "*dibrê*": "noun, masculine, plural construct - words of/affairs of", "*yōʾšiyyāhû*": "proper noun - Josiah", "*ʿāśâ*": "Qal perfect, 3rd singular, masculine - he did", "*kᵊtûbîm*": "Qal passive participle, masculine, plural - written", "*sēper*": "noun, masculine, singular construct - book of", "*dibrê*": "noun, masculine, plural construct - words of/affairs of", "*yāmîm*": "noun, masculine, plural - days", "*malkê*": "noun, masculine, plural construct - kings of", "*yᵊhûdâ*": "proper noun - Judah" }, "variants": { "*yeter*": "remainder/rest/remnant", "*dibrê*": "words/matters/acts/affairs", "*ʿāśâ*": "he did/made/accomplished", "*kᵊtûbîm*": "written/recorded/inscribed", "*sēper*": "book/scroll/document", "*yāmîm*": "days/times/years" } }

{ "verseID": "2 Kings.23.29", "source": "בְּיָמָ֡יו עָלָה֩ פַרְעֹ֨ה נְכֹ֧ה מֶֽלֶךְ־מִצְרַ֛יִם עַל־מֶ֥לֶךְ אַשּׁ֖וּר עַל־נְהַר־פְּרָ֑ת וַיֵּ֨לֶךְ הַמֶּ֤לֶךְ יֹאשִׁיָּ֙הוּ֙ לִקְרָאת֔וֹ וַיְמִיתֵ֙הוּ֙ בִּמְגִדּ֔וֹ כִּרְאֹת֖וֹ אֹתֽוֹ׃", "text": "In-*yāmāyw* *ʿālâ* *parʿōh* *nᵊkōh* *melek*-*miṣrayim* against-*melek* *ʾaššûr* to-*nᵊhar*-*pᵊrāt* and-*yēlek* the-*melek* *yōʾšiyyāhû* to-meet-him and-*yᵊmîtēhû* in-*mᵊgiddô* when-seeing-him him.", "grammar": { "*yāmāyw*": "noun, masculine, plural + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his days", "*ʿālâ*": "Qal perfect, 3rd singular, masculine - he went up", "*parʿōh*": "noun, proper - Pharaoh", "*nᵊkōh*": "proper noun - Necho", "*melek*": "noun, masculine, singular construct - king of", "*miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt", "*melek*": "noun, masculine, singular construct - king of", "*ʾaššûr*": "proper noun - Assyria", "*nᵊhar*": "noun, masculine, singular construct - river of", "*pᵊrāt*": "proper noun - Euphrates", "*yēlek*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd singular, masculine with waw consecutive - and he went", "*melek*": "noun, masculine, singular - king", "*yōʾšiyyāhû*": "proper noun - Josiah", "*yᵊmîtēhû*": "Hiphil imperfect, 3rd singular, masculine with waw consecutive + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - and he killed him", "*mᵊgiddô*": "proper noun - Megiddo" }, "variants": { "*yāmāyw*": "his days/his time/his reign", "*ʿālâ*": "went up/advanced/marched", "*nᵊhar*": "river/stream", "*yēlek*": "went/traveled/marched", "*yᵊmîtēhû*": "killed him/put him to death/slew him" } }

{ "verseID": "2 Kings.23.30", "source": "וַיַּרְכִּבֻ֨הוּ עֲבָדָ֥יו מֵת֙ מִמְּגִדּ֔וֹ וַיְבִאֻ֙הוּ֙ יְר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם וַֽיִּקְבְּרֻ֖הוּ בִּקְבֻֽרָת֑וֹ וַיִּקַּ֣ח עַם־הָאָ֗רֶץ אֶת־יְהֽוֹאָחָז֙ בֶּן־יֹ֣אשִׁיָּ֔הוּ וַיִּמְשְׁח֥וּ אֹת֛וֹ וַיַּמְלִ֥יכוּ אֹת֖וֹ תַּ֥חַת אָבִֽיו׃", "text": "And-*yarkibūhû* *ʿăbādāyw* *mēt* from-*mᵊgiddô* and-*yᵊbiʾūhû* *yᵊrûšālaim* and-*yiqbᵊrūhû* in-*qᵊburātô* and-*yiqqaḥ* *ʿam*-the-*ʾāreṣ* *ʾet*-*yᵊhôʾāḥāz* *ben*-*yōʾšiyyāhû* and-*yimšᵊḥû* him and-*yamlikû* him under *ʾābîw*.", "grammar": { "*yarkibūhû*": "Hiphil imperfect, 3rd plural, masculine with waw consecutive + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - and they made him ride", "*ʿăbādāyw*": "noun, masculine, plural + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his servants", "*mēt*": "Qal participle, masculine, singular - dead", "*mᵊgiddô*": "proper noun - Megiddo", "*yᵊbiʾūhû*": "Hiphil imperfect, 3rd plural, masculine with waw consecutive + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - and they brought him", "*yᵊrûšālaim*": "proper noun - Jerusalem", "*yiqbᵊrūhû*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd plural, masculine with waw consecutive + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - and they buried him", "*qᵊburātô*": "noun, feminine, singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his grave", "*yiqqaḥ*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd singular, masculine with waw consecutive - and he took", "*ʿam*": "noun, masculine, singular construct - people of", "*ʾāreṣ*": "noun, feminine, singular - land", "*yᵊhôʾāḥāz*": "proper noun - Jehoahaz", "*ben*": "noun, masculine, singular construct - son of", "*yōʾšiyyāhû*": "proper noun - Josiah", "*yimšᵊḥû*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd plural, masculine with waw consecutive - and they anointed", "*yamlikû*": "Hiphil imperfect, 3rd plural, masculine with waw consecutive - and they made king", "*ʾābîw*": "noun, masculine, singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his father" }, "variants": { "*yarkibūhû*": "they made him ride/they carried him", "*ʿăbādāyw*": "his servants/his officials/his attendants", "*mēt*": "dead/deceased", "*yᵊbiʾūhû*": "they brought him/they carried him", "*yiqbᵊrūhû*": "they buried him/they entombed him", "*qᵊburātô*": "his grave/his tomb/his burial place", "*yiqqaḥ*": "took/selected/chose", "*ʿam*-the-*ʾāreṣ*": "people of the land/common people/populace", "*yimšᵊḥû*": "they anointed/they consecrated", "*yamlikû*": "they made king/they enthroned/they crowned" } }

{ "verseID": "2 Kings.23.31", "source": "בֶּן־עֶשְׂרִ֨ים וְשָׁלֹ֤שׁ שָׁנָה֙ יְהוֹאָחָ֣ז בְּמָלְכ֔וֹ וּשְׁלֹשָׁ֣ה חֳדָשִׁ֔ים מָלַ֖ךְ בִּירוּשָׁלָ֑͏ִם וְשֵׁ֣ם אִמּ֔וֹ חֲמוּטַ֥ל בַּֽת־יִרְמְיָ֖הוּ מִלִּבְנָֽה׃", "text": "*Ben*-twenty and-three *šānâ* *yᵊhôʾāḥāz* in-*mālᵊkô* and-three *ḥŏdāšîm* *mālak* in-*yᵊrûšālaim* and-*šēm* *ʾimmô* *ḥămûṭal* *bat*-*yirmᵊyāhû* from-*libnâ*.", "grammar": { "*ben*": "noun, masculine, singular construct - son of/aged", "*šānâ*": "noun, feminine, singular - year", "*yᵊhôʾāḥāz*": "proper noun - Jehoahaz", "*mālᵊkô*": "Qal infinitive construct + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his becoming king", "*ḥŏdāšîm*": "noun, masculine, plural - months", "*mālak*": "Qal perfect, 3rd singular, masculine - he reigned", "*yᵊrûšālaim*": "proper noun - Jerusalem", "*šēm*": "noun, masculine, singular construct - name of", "*ʾimmô*": "noun, feminine, singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his mother", "*ḥămûṭal*": "proper noun - Hamutal", "*bat*": "noun, feminine, singular construct - daughter of", "*yirmᵊyāhû*": "proper noun - Jeremiah", "*libnâ*": "proper noun - Libnah" }, "variants": { "*ben*": "son of/aged", "*šānâ*": "year/years", "*mālᵊkô*": "his becoming king/his reign", "*ḥŏdāšîm*": "months/new moons", "*mālak*": "reigned/ruled/was king", "*šēm*": "name/title" } }

{ "verseID": "2 Kings.23.32", "source": "וַיַּ֥עַשׂ הָרַ֖ע בְּעֵינֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה כְּכֹ֥ל אֲשֶׁר־עָשׂ֖וּ אֲבֹתָֽיו׃", "text": "And-*yaʿaś* the-*raʿ* in-*ʿênê* *YHWH* like-all which-*ʿāśû* *ʾăbōtāyw*.", "grammar": { "*yaʿaś*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd singular, masculine with waw consecutive - and he did", "*raʿ*": "adjective, masculine, singular - evil/bad", "*ʿênê*": "noun, feminine, dual construct - eyes of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - Yahweh/LORD", "*ʿāśû*": "Qal perfect, 3rd plural - they did", "*ʾăbōtāyw*": "noun, masculine, plural + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his fathers" }, "variants": { "*yaʿaś*": "did/committed/practiced", "*raʿ*": "evil/bad/wicked/wrong", "*ʿênê*": "eyes/sight/presence", "*ʿāśû*": "they did/made/practiced", "*ʾăbōtāyw*": "his fathers/ancestors/predecessors" } }

{ "verseID": "2 Kings.23.33", "source": "וַיַּאַסְרֵהוּ֩ פַרְעֹ֨ה נְכֹ֤ה בְרִבְלָה֙ בְּאֶ֣רֶץ חֲמָ֔ת *במלך **מִמְּלֹ֖ךְ בִּירוּשָׁלָ֑͏ִם וַיִּתֶּן־עֹ֙נֶשׁ֙ עַל־הָאָ֔רֶץ מֵאָ֥ה כִכַּר־כֶּ֖סֶף וְכִכַּ֥ר זָהָֽב׃", "text": "And-*yaʾasrēhû* *parʿōh* *nᵊkōh* in-*riblâ* in-*ʾereṣ* *ḥămāt* *mimᵊlōk* in-*yᵊrûšālaim* and-*yitten*-*ʿōneš* on-the-*ʾāreṣ* hundred *kikkar*-*kesep* and-*kikkar* *zāhāb*.", "grammar": { "*yaʾasrēhû*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd singular, masculine with waw consecutive + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - and he bound him", "*parʿōh*": "noun, proper - Pharaoh", "*nᵊkōh*": "proper noun - Necho", "*riblâ*": "proper noun - Riblah", "*ʾereṣ*": "noun, feminine, singular construct - land of", "*ḥămāt*": "proper noun - Hamath", "*mimᵊlōk*": "Qal infinitive construct with preposition min - from reigning", "*yᵊrûšālaim*": "proper noun - Jerusalem", "*yitten*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd singular, masculine with waw consecutive - and he imposed", "*ʿōneš*": "noun, masculine, singular - fine/penalty/tribute", "*ʾāreṣ*": "noun, feminine, singular - land", "*kikkar*": "noun, masculine, singular construct - talent of", "*kesep*": "noun, masculine, singular - silver", "*kikkar*": "noun, masculine, singular construct - talent of", "*zāhāb*": "noun, masculine, singular - gold" }, "variants": { "*yaʾasrēhû*": "bound him/imprisoned him/detained him", "*riblâ*": "Riblah (place name)", "*mimᵊlōk*": "from reigning/from ruling/to prevent him from ruling", "*yitten*": "imposed/placed/set", "*ʿōneš*": "fine/penalty/tribute/tax", "*kikkar*": "talent/circular weight (about 75 pounds)", "*kesep*": "silver/money", "*zāhāb*": "gold" } }

{ "verseID": "2 Kings.23.34", "source": "וַיַּמְלֵךְ֩ פַּרְעֹ֨ה נְכֹ֜ה אֶת־אֶלְיָקִ֣ים בֶּן־יֹאשִׁיָּ֗הוּ תַּ֚חַת יֹאשִׁיָּ֣הוּ אָבִ֔יו וַיַּסֵּ֥ב אֶת־שְׁמ֖וֹ יְהוֹיָקִ֑ים וְאֶת־יְהוֹאָחָ֣ז לָקָ֔ח וַיָּבֹ֥א מִצְרַ֖יִם וַיָּ֥מָת שָֽׁם׃", "text": "And *yamlēḵ* *parʿōh* *nĕḵōh* *ʾet*-*ʾelyāqîm* son-of-*yōʾšîyāhû* *taḥat* *yōʾšîyāhû* his-father, and *yassēb* *ʾet*-his-*šēm* *yĕhôyāqîm*; and *ʾet*-*yĕhôʾāḥāz* he-*lāqaḥ* and *yābōʾ* *miṣrayim* and *yāmāt* there.", "grammar": { "*yamlēḵ*": "Hiphil imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular with waw-consecutive - he made king", "*parʿōh*": "noun, masculine singular construct - Pharaoh of", "*nĕḵōh*": "proper noun - Necho", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ʾelyāqîm*": "proper noun - Eliakim", "*yōʾšîyāhû*": "proper noun - Josiah", "*taḥat*": "preposition - instead of, in place of", "*yassēb*": "Hiphil imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular with waw-consecutive - he changed", "*šēm*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his name", "*yĕhôyāqîm*": "proper noun - Jehoiakim", "*yĕhôʾāḥāz*": "proper noun - Jehoahaz", "*lāqaḥ*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he took", "*yābōʾ*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular with waw-consecutive - he came/went", "*miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt", "*yāmāt*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular with waw-consecutive - he died" }, "variants": { "*yamlēḵ*": "made king/appointed as king/caused to reign", "*taḥat*": "instead of/in place of/in substitution for", "*yassēb*": "changed/turned/transformed", "*lāqaḥ*": "took/seized/captured", "*yābōʾ*": "came/went/entered", "*yāmāt*": "died/perished" } }

{ "verseID": "2 Kings.23.35", "source": "וְהַכֶּ֣סֶף וְהַזָּהָ֗ב נָתַ֤ן יְהוֹיָקִים֙ לְפַרְעֹ֔ה אַ֚ךְ הֶעֱרִ֣יךְ אֶת־הָאָ֔רֶץ לָתֵ֥ת אֶת־הַכֶּ֖סֶף עַל־פִּ֣י פַרְעֹ֑ה אִ֣ישׁ כְּעֶרְכּ֗וֹ נָגַ֞שׂ אֶת־הַכֶּ֤סֶף וְאֶת־הַזָּהָב֙ אֶת־עַ֣ם הָאָ֔רֶץ לָתֵ֖ת לְפַרְעֹ֥ה נְכֹֽה׃", "text": "And-the-*kesep* and-the-*zāhāb* *nātan* *yĕhôyāqîm* to-*parʿōh*, *ʾaḵ* he-*heʿĕrîḵ* *ʾet*-the-*ʾāreṣ* to-*lātēt* *ʾet*-the-*kesep* upon-*pî* *parʿōh*; *ʾîš* according-to-his-*ʿerkô* he-*nāgaś* *ʾet*-the-*kesep* and-*ʾet*-the-*zāhāb* *ʾet*-*ʿam* the-*ʾāreṣ* to-*lātēt* to-*parʿōh* *nĕḵōh*.", "grammar": { "*kesep*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the silver/money", "*zāhāb*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the gold", "*nātan*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he gave", "*yĕhôyāqîm*": "proper noun - Jehoiakim", "*parʿōh*": "noun, masculine singular - Pharaoh", "*ʾaḵ*": "adverb - only/but/however", "*heʿĕrîḵ*": "Hiphil perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he assessed/taxed/valued", "*ʾāreṣ*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the land/country", "*lātēt*": "Qal infinitive construct - to give", "*pî*": "noun, masculine singular construct - mouth/command of", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - each man/person", "*ʿerkô*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his valuation/assessment", "*nāgaś*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he exacted/demanded", "*ʿam*": "noun, masculine singular construct - people of", "*nĕḵōh*": "proper noun - Necho" }, "variants": { "*kesep*": "silver/money/currency", "*zāhāb*": "gold/golden items", "*nātan*": "gave/paid/delivered", "*ʾaḵ*": "only/but/however/yet", "*heʿĕrîḵ*": "taxed/assessed/valued/appraised", "*ʾāreṣ*": "land/country/earth/territory", "*pî*": "mouth/command/word/order", "*ʿerkô*": "valuation/assessment/appraisal", "*nāgaś*": "exacted/demanded/collected forcibly/pressed", "*ʿam*": "people/population/inhabitants" } }

{ "verseID": "2 Kings.23.36", "source": "בֶּן־עֶשְׂרִ֨ים וְחָמֵ֤שׁ שָׁנָה֙ יְהוֹיָקִ֣ים בְּמָלְכ֔וֹ וְאַחַ֤ת עֶשְׂרֵה֙ שָׁנָ֔ה מָלַ֖ךְ בִּירוּשָׁלָ֑͏ִם וְשֵׁ֣ם אִמּ֔וֹ זְבוּדָּ֥ה בַת־פְּדָיָ֖ה מִן־רוּמָֽה׃", "text": "Son-of-*ʿeśrîm* and-*ḥāmēš* *šānāh* *yĕhôyāqîm* at-his-*mālḵô*, and-*ʾaḥat* *ʿeśrēh* *šānāh* he-*mālaḵ* in-*yĕrûšālāim*; and-*šēm* his-*ʾimmô* *zĕbûddāh* daughter-of-*pĕdāyāh* from-*rûmāh*.", "grammar": { "*ʿeśrîm*": "cardinal number - twenty", "*ḥāmēš*": "cardinal number, feminine - five", "*šānāh*": "noun, feminine singular - year", "*yĕhôyāqîm*": "proper noun - Jehoiakim", "*mālḵô*": "Qal infinitive construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his becoming king/his reigning", "*ʾaḥat*": "cardinal number, feminine - one", "*ʿeśrēh*": "cardinal number - ten", "*mālaḵ*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he reigned", "*yĕrûšālāim*": "proper noun - Jerusalem", "*šēm*": "noun, masculine singular construct - name of", "*ʾimmô*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his mother", "*zĕbûddāh*": "proper noun - Zebudah", "*pĕdāyāh*": "proper noun - Pedaiah", "*rûmāh*": "proper noun - Rumah" }, "variants": { "*mālḵô*": "his becoming king/his reigning/when he became king", "*mālaḵ*": "reigned/ruled/was king" } }

{ "verseID": "2 Kings.23.37", "source": "וַיַּ֥עַשׂ הָרַ֖ע בְּעֵינֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה כְּכֹ֥ל אֲשֶׁר־עָשׂ֖וּ אֲבֹתָֽיו׃", "text": "And-*yaʿaś* the-*raʿ* in-*ʿênê* *YHWH*, like-*kōl* that-*ʿāśû* his-*ʾăbōtāyw*.", "grammar": { "*yaʿaś*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular with waw-consecutive - he did", "*raʿ*": "adjective, masculine singular with definite article - the evil/bad", "*ʿênê*": "noun, feminine plural construct - eyes of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - Yahweh/LORD", "*kōl*": "noun, masculine singular - all/every/according to all", "*ʿāśû*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person common plural - they did", "*ʾăbōtāyw*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his fathers/ancestors" }, "variants": { "*yaʿaś*": "did/performed/committed", "*raʿ*": "evil/bad/wickedness/wrong", "*ʿênê*": "eyes/sight/presence", "*kōl*": "all/every/everything/wholly", "*ʿāśû*": "did/performed/practiced", "*ʾăbōtāyw*": "fathers/ancestors/predecessors" } }