{ "verseID": "Deuteronomy.20.1", "source": "כִּֽי־תֵצֵ֨א לַמִּלְחָמָ֜ה עַל־אֹיְבֶ֗יךָ וְֽרָאִ֜יתָ ס֤וּס וָרֶ֙כֶב֙ עַ֚ם רַ֣ב מִמְּךָ֔ לֹ֥א תִירָ֖א מֵהֶ֑ם כִּֽי־יְהוָ֤ה אֱלֹהֶ֙יךָ֙ עִמָּ֔ךְ הַמַּֽעַלְךָ֖ מֵאֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃", "text": "When *tēṣē* to-the-*milḥāmāh* against-*ʾōyḇêḵā* *wə-rāʾîtā* *sûs* and-*reḵeḇ* *ʿam* *raḇ* than-you, not *tîrā* from-them, for *YHWH* *ʾĕlōhêḵā* with-you, the-one-who-*maʿalḵā* from-*ʾereṣ* *miṣrayim*.", "grammar": { "*kî*": "conjunction - when/if", "*tēṣē*": "qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular - you go out", "*lamilḥāmāh*": "preposition + definite article + feminine noun - to the battle/war", "*ʿal*": "preposition - against", "*ʾōyḇêḵā*": "masculine plural noun + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your enemies", "*wə-rāʾîtā*": "conjunction + qal perfect 2nd person masculine singular - and you see/saw", "*sûs*": "masculine singular noun - horse", "*wā-reḵeḇ*": "conjunction + masculine singular noun - and chariot", "*ʿam*": "masculine singular noun - people", "*raḇ*": "adjective - many/greater", "*mimməḵā*": "preposition + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - than you", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*tîrā*": "qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular - you will fear", "*mēhem*": "preposition + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - from them", "*kî*": "conjunction - because/for", "*YHWH*": "divine name - LORD", "*ʾĕlōhêḵā*": "masculine plural noun + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your God", "*ʿimmāḵ*": "preposition + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - with you", "*hammaʿalḵā*": "definite article + hiphil participle + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - the one bringing you up", "*mēʾereṣ*": "preposition + feminine singular construct - from land of", "*miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt" }, "variants": { "*tēṣē*": "go out/depart/proceed", "*milḥāmāh*": "battle/war/fighting", "*ʾōyḇêḵā*": "enemies/adversaries/foes", "*sûs*": "horse/cavalry", "*reḵeḇ*": "chariot/chariotry/vehicles", "*ʿam*": "people/nation/troops", "*raḇ*": "many/numerous/greater", "*tîrā*": "fear/be afraid/dread", "*ʾĕlōhêḵā*": "your God/gods/deity", "*maʿalḵā*": "bringing you up/causing you to ascend" } }

{ "verseID": "Deuteronomy.20.2", "source": "וְהָיָ֕ה כְּקָֽרָבְכֶ֖ם אֶל־הַמִּלְחָמָ֑ה וְנִגַּ֥שׁ הַכֹּהֵ֖ן וְדִבֶּ֥ר אֶל־הָעָֽם׃", "text": "And *hāyāh* when-*qāraḇḵem* to-the-*milḥāmāh*, *wə-niggaš* the-*kōhēn* *wə-dibber* to-the-*ʿām*.", "grammar": { "*wə-hāyāh*": "conjunction + qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - and it will be", "*kə-qāraḇḵem*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - when you draw near", "*ʾel*": "preposition - to/toward", "*hammilḥāmāh*": "definite article + feminine singular noun - the battle/war", "*wə-niggaš*": "conjunction + niphal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he will approach", "*hakkōhēn*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the priest", "*wə-dibber*": "conjunction + piel perfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he will speak", "*ʾel-hāʿām*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun - to the people" }, "variants": { "*hāyāh*": "it will be/happen/come to pass", "*qāraḇḵem*": "your drawing near/approaching/coming close", "*milḥāmāh*": "battle/war/fighting", "*niggaš*": "approach/come near/draw near", "*kōhēn*": "priest/officiant", "*dibber*": "speak/talk/address", "*ʿām*": "people/troops/nation" } }

{ "verseID": "Deuteronomy.20.3", "source": "וְאָמַ֤ר אֲלֵהֶם֙ שְׁמַ֣ע יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אַתֶּ֨ם קְרֵבִ֥ים הַיּ֛וֹם לַמִּלְחָמָ֖ה עַל־אֹיְבֵיכֶ֑ם אַל־יֵרַ֣ךְ לְבַבְכֶ֗ם אַל־תִּֽירְא֧וּ וְאַֽל־תַּחְפְּז֛וּ וְאַל־תּֽ͏ַעַרְצ֖וּ מִפְּנֵיהֶֽם׃", "text": "And *ʾāmar* to-them, *šĕmaʿ* *yiśrāʾēl*, you *qĕrēḇîm* the-*yôm* to-the-*milḥāmāh* against-*ʾōyḇêḵem*; not-*yēraḵ* *lĕḇaḇḵem*, not-*tîrĕʾû* and-not-*taḥpĕzû* and-not-*taʿarṣû* from-*pĕnêhem*.", "grammar": { "*wə-ʾāmar*": "conjunction + qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he will say", "*ʾălēhem*": "preposition + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - to them", "*šĕmaʿ*": "qal imperative masculine singular - hear/listen", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*ʾattem*": "2nd person masculine plural pronoun - you", "*qĕrēḇîm*": "adjective masculine plural - approaching/drawing near", "*hayyôm*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the day/today", "*lammilḥāmāh*": "preposition + definite article + feminine singular noun - to the battle/war", "*ʿal*": "preposition - against", "*ʾōyḇêḵem*": "masculine plural noun + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your enemies", "*ʾal*": "negative particle (for prohibitions) - do not", "*yēraḵ*": "qal imperfect jussive 3rd person masculine singular - let it be soft/tender/weak", "*lĕḇaḇḵem*": "masculine singular noun + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your heart", "*ʾal-tîrĕʾû*": "negative particle + qal imperfect 2nd person masculine plural - do not fear", "*wĕ-ʾal-taḥpĕzû*": "conjunction + negative particle + niphal imperfect 2nd person masculine plural - and do not hasten/panic", "*wĕ-ʾal-taʿarṣû*": "conjunction + negative particle + qal imperfect 2nd person masculine plural - and do not dread/be terrified", "*mippĕnêhem*": "preposition + masculine plural noun + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - from before them/from their faces" }, "variants": { "*ʾāmar*": "say/speak/tell", "*šĕmaʿ*": "hear/listen/obey", "*qĕrēḇîm*": "approaching/drawing near/coming close", "*yôm*": "day/time/today", "*milḥāmāh*": "battle/war/fighting", "*ʾōyḇêḵem*": "your enemies/adversaries/foes", "*yēraḵ*": "be soft/weak/tender/fainthearted", "*lĕḇaḇḵem*": "your heart/mind/inner being", "*tîrĕʾû*": "fear/be afraid/dread", "*taḥpĕzû*": "hasten/hurry/be in panic/be alarmed", "*taʿarṣû*": "dread/be terrified/be frightened", "*pĕnêhem*": "their faces/presence/before them" } }

{ "verseID": "Deuteronomy.20.4", "source": "כִּ֚י יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶ֔ם הַהֹלֵ֖ךְ עִמָּכֶ֑ם לְהִלָּחֵ֥ם לָכֶ֛ם עִם־אֹיְבֵיכֶ֖ם לְהוֹשִׁ֥יעַ אֶתְכֶֽם׃", "text": "For *YHWH* *ʾĕlōhêḵem* the-one-who-*hōlēḵ* with-you to-*hillāḥēm* for-you with-*ʾōyḇêḵem* to-*hôšîaʿ* *ʾetḵem*.", "grammar": { "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*YHWH*": "divine name - LORD", "*ʾĕlōhêḵem*": "masculine plural noun + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your God", "*hahōlēḵ*": "definite article + qal participle masculine singular - the one who walks/goes", "*ʿimmāḵem*": "preposition + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - with you", "*lĕhillāḥēm*": "preposition + niphal infinitive construct - to fight", "*lāḵem*": "preposition + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - for you", "*ʿim*": "preposition - with", "*ʾōyḇêḵem*": "masculine plural noun + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your enemies", "*lĕhôšîaʿ*": "preposition + hiphil infinitive construct - to save/deliver", "*ʾetḵem*": "direct object marker + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - you" }, "variants": { "*ʾĕlōhêḵem*": "your God/gods/deity", "*hōlēḵ*": "walking/going/proceeding", "*hillāḥēm*": "to fight/do battle/wage war", "*ʾōyḇêḵem*": "your enemies/adversaries/foes", "*hôšîaʿ*": "to save/deliver/rescue/give victory" } }

{ "verseID": "Deuteronomy.20.5", "source": "וְדִבְּר֣וּ הַשֹּֽׁטְרִים֮ אֶל־הָעָ֣ם לֵאמֹר֒ מִֽי־הָאִ֞ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֨ר בָּנָ֤ה בַֽיִת־חָדָשׁ֙ וְלֹ֣א חֲנָכ֔וֹ יֵלֵ֖ךְ וְיָשֹׁ֣ב לְבֵית֑וֹ פֶּן־יָמוּת֙ בַּמִּלְחָמָ֔ה וְאִ֥ישׁ אַחֵ֖ר יַחְנְכֶֽנּוּ׃", "text": "And *dibbĕrû* the-*šōṭĕrîm* to-the-*ʿām* *lēmōr*: Who-is-the-*ʾîš* who *bānāh* *bayit*-*ḥādāš* and-not *ḥănāḵô*, *yēlēḵ* and-*yāšōḇ* to-*bêtô*, lest-*yāmût* in-the-*milḥāmāh* and-*ʾîš* *ʾaḥēr* *yaḥnĕḵennû*.", "grammar": { "*wĕ-dibbĕrû*": "conjunction + piel perfect 3rd person masculine plural - and they shall speak", "*haššōṭĕrîm*": "definite article + masculine plural noun - the officers", "*ʾel-hāʿām*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun - to the people", "*lēmōr*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - saying", "*mî*": "interrogative pronoun - who", "*hāʾîš*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the man", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - who/that/which", "*bānāh*": "qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - has built", "*bayit-ḥādāš*": "masculine singular noun + adjective - new house", "*wĕ-lōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*ḥănāḵô*": "qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - dedicated it", "*yēlēḵ*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular jussive - let him go", "*wĕ-yāšōḇ*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular jussive - and let him return", "*lĕ-bêtô*": "preposition + masculine singular noun + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - to his house", "*pen*": "conjunction - lest", "*yāmût*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - he die", "*ba-milḥāmāh*": "preposition + definite article + feminine singular noun - in the battle", "*wĕ-ʾîš*": "conjunction + masculine singular noun - and a man", "*ʾaḥēr*": "adjective - another/different", "*yaḥnĕḵennû*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - will dedicate it" }, "variants": { "*dibbĕrû*": "speak/talk/address", "*šōṭĕrîm*": "officers/officials/scribes", "*ʿām*": "people/troops/nation", "*lēmōr*": "saying/to say", "*ʾîš*": "man/person/each", "*bānāh*": "build/construct/establish", "*bayit*": "house/home/household", "*ḥādāš*": "new/fresh/renewed", "*ḥănāḵô*": "dedicate it/inaugurate it/initiate it", "*yēlēḵ*": "go/proceed/depart", "*yāšōḇ*": "return/turn back/go back", "*yāmût*": "die/perish", "*milḥāmāh*": "battle/war/fighting", "*ʾaḥēr*": "another/other/different", "*yaḥnĕḵennû*": "dedicate it/inaugurate it/initiate it" } }

{ "verseID": "Deuteronomy.20.6", "source": "וּמִֽי־הָאִ֞ישׁ אֲשֶׁר־נָטַ֥ע כֶּ֙רֶם֙ וְלֹ֣א חִלְּל֔וֹ יֵלֵ֖ךְ וְיָשֹׁ֣ב לְבֵית֑וֹ פֶּן־יָמוּת֙ בַּמִּלְחָמָ֔ה וְאִ֥ישׁ אַחֵ֖ר יְחַלְּלֶֽנּוּ׃", "text": "And-who-is-the-*ʾîš* who-*nāṭaʿ* *kerem* and-not *ḥillĕlô*, *yēlēḵ* and-*yāšōḇ* to-*bêtô*, lest-*yāmût* in-the-*milḥāmāh* and-*ʾîš* *ʾaḥēr* *yĕḥallĕlennû*.", "grammar": { "*û-mî*": "conjunction + interrogative pronoun - and who", "*hāʾîš*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the man", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - who/that/which", "*nāṭaʿ*": "qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - has planted", "*kerem*": "masculine singular noun - vineyard", "*wĕ-lōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*ḥillĕlô*": "piel perfect 3rd person masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - made it common/used its fruit", "*yēlēḵ*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular jussive - let him go", "*wĕ-yāšōḇ*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular jussive - and let him return", "*lĕ-bêtô*": "preposition + masculine singular noun + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - to his house", "*pen*": "conjunction - lest", "*yāmût*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - he die", "*ba-milḥāmāh*": "preposition + definite article + feminine singular noun - in the battle", "*wĕ-ʾîš*": "conjunction + masculine singular noun - and a man", "*ʾaḥēr*": "adjective - another/different", "*yĕḥallĕlennû*": "piel imperfect 3rd person masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - will use its fruit" }, "variants": { "*ʾîš*": "man/person/each", "*nāṭaʿ*": "plant/establish/set", "*kerem*": "vineyard/orchard", "*ḥillĕlô*": "used its fruit/made it common/profaned it/begun to use it", "*yēlēḵ*": "go/proceed/depart", "*yāšōḇ*": "return/turn back/go back", "*yāmût*": "die/perish", "*milḥāmāh*": "battle/war/fighting", "*ʾaḥēr*": "another/other/different", "*yĕḥallĕlennû*": "use its fruit/make it common/begin to use it" } }

{ "verseID": "Deuteronomy.20.7", "source": "וּמִֽי־הָאִ֞ישׁ אֲשֶׁר־אֵרַ֤שׂ אִשָּׁה֙ וְלֹ֣א לְקָחָ֔הּ יֵלֵ֖ךְ וְיָשֹׁ֣ב לְבֵית֑וֹ פֶּן־יָמוּת֙ בַּמִּלְחָמָ֔ה וְאִ֥ישׁ אַחֵ֖ר יִקָּחֶֽנָּה׃", "text": "And-who-is-the-*ʾîš* who-*ʾēraś* *ʾiššāh* and-not *lĕqāḥāh*, *yēlēḵ* and-*yāšōḇ* to-*bêtô*, lest-*yāmût* in-the-*milḥāmāh* and-*ʾîš* *ʾaḥēr* *yiqqāḥennāh*.", "grammar": { "*û-mî*": "conjunction + interrogative pronoun - and who", "*hāʾîš*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the man", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - who/that/which", "*ʾēraś*": "piel perfect 3rd person masculine singular - has betrothed", "*ʾiššāh*": "feminine singular noun - woman/wife", "*wĕ-lōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*lĕqāḥāh*": "qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - taken her", "*yēlēḵ*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular jussive - let him go", "*wĕ-yāšōḇ*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular jussive - and let him return", "*lĕ-bêtô*": "preposition + masculine singular noun + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - to his house", "*pen*": "conjunction - lest", "*yāmût*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - he die", "*ba-milḥāmāh*": "preposition + definite article + feminine singular noun - in the battle", "*wĕ-ʾîš*": "conjunction + masculine singular noun - and a man", "*ʾaḥēr*": "adjective - another/different", "*yiqqāḥennāh*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - will take her" }, "variants": { "*ʾîš*": "man/person/each", "*ʾēraś*": "betrothed/engaged/pledged to marry", "*ʾiššāh*": "woman/wife", "*lĕqāḥāh*": "taken her/married her/received her", "*yēlēḵ*": "go/proceed/depart", "*yāšōḇ*": "return/turn back/go back", "*yāmût*": "die/perish", "*milḥāmāh*": "battle/war/fighting", "*ʾaḥēr*": "another/other/different", "*yiqqāḥennāh*": "take her/marry her/receive her" } }

{ "verseID": "Deuteronomy.20.8", "source": "וְיָסְפ֣וּ הַשֹּׁטְרִים֮ לְדַבֵּ֣ר אֶל־הָעָם֒ וְאָמְר֗וּ מִי־הָאִ֤ישׁ הַיָּרֵא֙ וְרַ֣ךְ הַלֵּבָ֔ב יֵלֵ֖ךְ וְיָשֹׁ֣ב לְבֵית֑וֹ וְלֹ֥א יִמַּ֛ס אֶת־לְבַ֥ב אֶחָ֖יו כִּלְבָבֽוֹ׃", "text": "And *yāsĕpû* the-*šōṭĕrîm* to-*dabbēr* to-the-*ʿām* and-*ʾāmĕrû*: Who-is-the-*ʾîš* the-*yārēʾ* and-*raḵ* the-*lēḇāḇ*, *yēlēḵ* and-*yāšōḇ* to-*bêtô* and-not *yimmas* *ʾet*-*lĕḇaḇ* *ʾeḥāw* like-*liḇāḇô*.", "grammar": { "*wĕ-yāsĕpû*": "conjunction + qal perfect 3rd person masculine plural - and they shall continue", "*haššōṭĕrîm*": "definite article + masculine plural noun - the officers", "*lĕdabbēr*": "preposition + piel infinitive construct - to speak", "*ʾel-hāʿām*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun - to the people", "*wĕ-ʾāmĕrû*": "conjunction + qal perfect 3rd person masculine plural - and they shall say", "*mî*": "interrogative pronoun - who", "*hāʾîš*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the man", "*hayyārēʾ*": "definite article + adjective - the fearful", "*wĕ-raḵ*": "conjunction + adjective - and faint", "*hallēḇāḇ*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the heart", "*yēlēḵ*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular jussive - let him go", "*wĕ-yāšōḇ*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular jussive - and let him return", "*lĕ-bêtô*": "preposition + masculine singular noun + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - to his house", "*wĕ-lōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*yimmas*": "niphal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular jussive - let him melt", "*ʾet-lĕḇaḇ*": "direct object marker + masculine singular construct - the heart of", "*ʾeḥāw*": "masculine plural noun + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his brothers", "*ki-lḇāḇô*": "preposition + masculine singular noun + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - like his heart" }, "variants": { "*yāsĕpû*": "continue/add/proceed", "*šōṭĕrîm*": "officers/officials/scribes", "*dabbēr*": "speak/talk/address", "*ʿām*": "people/troops/nation", "*ʾāmĕrû*": "say/speak/tell", "*ʾîš*": "man/person/each", "*yārēʾ*": "fearful/afraid/timid", "*raḵ*": "tender/soft/faint/fainthearted", "*lēḇāḇ*": "heart/mind/inner being", "*yēlēḵ*": "go/proceed/depart", "*yāšōḇ*": "return/turn back/go back", "*yimmas*": "melt/dissolve/discourage", "*lĕḇaḇ*": "heart/mind/courage", "*ʾeḥāw*": "his brothers/fellow soldiers/comrades", "*liḇāḇô*": "his heart/his courage/his mind" } }

{ "verseID": "Deuteronomy.20.9", "source": "וְהָיָ֛ה כְּכַלֹּ֥ת הַשֹּׁטְרִ֖ים לְדַבֵּ֣ר אֶל־הָעָ֑ם וּפָ֥‪[t]‬קְד֛וּ שָׂרֵ֥י צְבָא֖וֹת בְּרֹ֥אשׁ הָעָֽם׃ ס", "text": "And *hāyāh* when-*kallôt* the-*šōṭĕrîm* to-*dabbēr* to-the-*ʿām*, *û-pāqĕdû* *śārê* *ṣĕḇāʾôt* at-*rōʾš* the-*ʿām*.", "grammar": { "*wĕ-hāyāh*": "conjunction + qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - and it shall be", "*kĕ-kallôt*": "preposition + piel infinitive construct - when finishing", "*haššōṭĕrîm*": "definite article + masculine plural noun - the officers", "*lĕdabbēr*": "preposition + piel infinitive construct - to speak", "*ʾel-hāʿām*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun - to the people", "*û-pāqĕdû*": "conjunction + qal perfect 3rd person plural - they shall appoint", "*śārê*": "masculine plural construct - commanders of", "*ṣĕḇāʾôt*": "feminine plural noun - armies", "*bĕ-rōʾš*": "preposition + masculine singular construct - at the head of", "*hāʿām*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the people" }, "variants": { "*hāyāh*": "it will be/happen/come to pass", "*kallôt*": "finishing/completing/ending", "*šōṭĕrîm*": "officers/officials/scribes", "*dabbēr*": "speak/talk/address", "*ʿām*": "people/troops/nation", "*pāqĕdû*": "appoint/muster/assign", "*śārê*": "commanders/chiefs/captains", "*ṣĕḇāʾôt*": "armies/hosts/troops", "*rōʾš*": "head/top/beginning" } }

{ "verseID": "Deuteronomy.20.10", "source": "כִּֽי־תִקְרַ֣ב אֶל־עִ֔יר לְהִלָּחֵ֖ם עָלֶ֑יהָ וְקָרָ֥אתָ אֵלֶ֖יהָ לְשָׁלֽוֹם׃", "text": "When *tiqraḇ* to-*ʿîr* to-*hillāḥēm* against-it, *wĕ-qārāʾtā* to-it to-*šālôm*.", "grammar": { "*kî*": "conjunction - when/if", "*tiqraḇ*": "qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular - you approach", "*ʾel-ʿîr*": "preposition + feminine singular noun - to a city", "*lĕhillāḥēm*": "preposition + niphal infinitive construct - to fight", "*ʿāleyāh*": "preposition + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - against it", "*wĕ-qārāʾtā*": "conjunction + qal perfect 2nd person masculine singular - and you shall call", "*ʾēleyāh*": "preposition + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - to it", "*lĕ-šālôm*": "preposition + masculine singular noun - for peace" }, "variants": { "*tiqraḇ*": "approach/draw near/come close", "*ʿîr*": "city/town", "*hillāḥēm*": "to fight/do battle/wage war", "*qārāʾtā*": "call/proclaim/summon", "*šālôm*": "peace/well-being/prosperity/safety" } }

{ "verseID": "Deuteronomy.20.11", "source": "וְהָיָה֙ אִם־שָׁל֣וֹם תַּֽעַנְךָ֔ וּפָתְחָ֖ה לָ֑ךְ וְהָיָ֞ה כָּל־הָעָ֣ם הַנִּמְצָא־בָ֗הּ יִהְי֥וּ לְךָ֛ לָמַ֖ס וַעֲבָדֽוּךָ׃", "text": "And *hāyāh* if-*šālôm* *taʿanḵā* *û-pātḥāh* to-you, and *hāyāh* all-the-*ʿām* the-*nimṣāʾ*-in-it *yihyû* to-you for-*mas* *wa-ʿăḇādûḵā*.", "grammar": { "*wĕ-hāyāh*": "conjunction + qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - and it shall be", "*ʾim-šālôm*": "conjunction + masculine singular noun - if peace", "*taʿanḵā*": "qal imperfect 3rd person feminine singular + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - it answers you", "*û-pātḥāh*": "conjunction + qal perfect 3rd person feminine singular - and it opens", "*lāḵ*": "preposition + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - to you", "*wĕ-hāyāh*": "conjunction + qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - and it shall be", "*kol-hāʿām*": "construct + definite article + masculine singular noun - all the people", "*hannimṣāʾ-ḇāh*": "definite article + niphal participle masculine singular + preposition + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - the one found in it", "*yihyû*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - they shall be", "*lĕḵā*": "preposition + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - to you", "*lāmas*": "preposition + masculine singular noun - for forced labor", "*wa-ʿăḇādûḵā*": "conjunction + qal perfect 3rd person masculine plural + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - and they shall serve you" }, "variants": { "*hāyāh*": "it will be/happen/come to pass", "*šālôm*": "peace/safety/prosperity", "*taʿanḵā*": "answers you/responds to you", "*pātḥāh*": "opens/unlocks/allows entry", "*ʿām*": "people/population/inhabitants", "*nimṣāʾ*": "found/present/existing", "*yihyû*": "they will be/become/exist", "*mas*": "forced labor/tributary service/compulsory work", "*ʿăḇādûḵā*": "serve you/work for you/be subject to you" } }

{ "verseID": "Deuteronomy.20.12", "source": "וְאִם־לֹ֤א תַשְׁלִים֙ עִמָּ֔ךְ וְעָשְׂתָ֥ה עִמְּךָ֖ מִלְחָמָ֑ה וְצַרְתָּ֖ עָלֶֽיהָ‪[t]‬׃", "text": "And if-not *tašlîm* with-you, *wĕ-ʿāśĕtāh* with-you *milḥāmāh*, *wĕ-ṣartā* against-it.", "grammar": { "*wĕ-ʾim-lōʾ*": "conjunction + conjunction + negative particle - and if not", "*tašlîm*": "hiphil imperfect 3rd person feminine singular - it makes peace", "*ʿimmāḵ*": "preposition + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - with you", "*wĕ-ʿāśĕtāh*": "conjunction + qal perfect 3rd person feminine singular - and it makes", "*ʿimmĕḵā*": "preposition + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - with you", "*milḥāmāh*": "feminine singular noun - war", "*wĕ-ṣartā*": "conjunction + qal perfect 2nd person masculine singular - and you shall besiege", "*ʿāleyāh*": "preposition + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - against it" }, "variants": { "*tašlîm*": "makes peace/comes to terms/surrenders", "*ʿāśĕtāh*": "makes/conducts/engages in", "*milḥāmāh*": "war/battle/conflict", "*ṣartā*": "besiege/lay siege/encircle" } }

{ "verseID": "Deuteronomy.20.13", "source": "וּנְתָנָ֛הּ יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ בְּיָדֶ֑ךָ וְהִכִּיתָ֥ אֶת־כָּל־זְכוּרָ֖הּ לְפִי־חָֽרֶב׃", "text": "And *nĕtānāh* *YHWH* *ʾĕlōhêḵā* in-*yādeḵā*, *wĕ-hikkîtā* *ʾet*-all-*zĕḵûrāh* to-*pî*-*ḥāreḇ*.", "grammar": { "*û-nĕtānāh*": "conjunction + qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - and he will give it", "*YHWH*": "divine name - LORD", "*ʾĕlōhêḵā*": "masculine plural noun + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your God", "*bĕ-yādeḵā*": "preposition + feminine singular noun + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - in your hand", "*wĕ-hikkîtā*": "conjunction + hiphil perfect 2nd person masculine singular - and you shall strike", "*ʾet-kol-zĕḵûrāh*": "direct object marker + construct + masculine singular noun + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - all its males", "*lĕ-pî-ḥāreḇ*": "preposition + masculine singular construct + feminine singular noun - by the edge of the sword" }, "variants": { "*nĕtānāh*": "gives/delivers/hands over", "*ʾĕlōhêḵā*": "your God/deity", "*yādeḵā*": "your hand/power/control", "*hikkîtā*": "strike/smite/attack", "*zĕḵûrāh*": "its males/men/male population", "*pî-ḥāreḇ*": "edge of the sword/blade/mouth of the sword" } }

{ "verseID": "Deuteronomy.20.14", "source": "רַ֣ק הַ֠נָּשִׁים וְהַטַּ֨ף וְהַבְּהֵמָ֜ה וְכֹל֩ אֲשֶׁ֨ר יִהְיֶ֥ה בָעִ֛יר כָּל־שְׁלָלָ֖הּ תָּבֹ֣ז לָ֑ךְ וְאָֽכַלְתָּ֙ אֶת־שְׁלַ֣ל אֹיְבֶ֔יךָ אֲשֶׁ֥ר נָתַ֛ן יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ לָֽךְ׃", "text": "Only the-*nāšîm* and-the-*ṭaf* and-the-*bĕhēmāh* and-all which *yihyeh* in-the-*ʿîr*, all-*šĕlālāh* *tāḇōz* to-you, *wĕ-ʾāḵaltā* *ʾet*-*šĕlal* *ʾōyḇêḵā* which *nātan* *YHWH* *ʾĕlōhêḵā* to-you.", "grammar": { "*raq*": "adverb - only", "*hannāšîm*": "definite article + feminine plural noun - the women", "*wĕ-haṭṭaf*": "conjunction + definite article + masculine singular noun - and the children", "*wĕ-habbĕhēmāh*": "conjunction + definite article + feminine singular noun - and the livestock", "*wĕ-ḵōl*": "conjunction + construct - and all", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which", "*yihyeh*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - will be", "*ḇā-ʿîr*": "preposition + definite article + feminine singular noun - in the city", "*kol-šĕlālāh*": "construct + feminine singular noun + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - all its spoil", "*tāḇōz*": "qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular - you shall take as spoil", "*lāḵ*": "preposition + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - for yourself", "*wĕ-ʾāḵaltā*": "conjunction + qal perfect 2nd person masculine singular - and you shall eat/enjoy", "*ʾet-šĕlal*": "direct object marker + masculine singular construct - the spoil of", "*ʾōyḇêḵā*": "masculine plural noun + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your enemies", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which", "*nātan*": "qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - has given", "*YHWH*": "divine name - LORD", "*ʾĕlōhêḵā*": "masculine plural noun + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your God", "*lāḵ*": "preposition + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - to you" }, "variants": { "*nāšîm*": "women/wives/females", "*ṭaf*": "children/little ones/dependents", "*bĕhēmāh*": "livestock/cattle/animals", "*yihyeh*": "will be/exist/remain", "*ʿîr*": "city/town", "*šĕlālāh*": "its spoil/plunder/goods", "*tāḇōz*": "take as spoil/plunder/seize", "*ʾāḵaltā*": "eat/consume/enjoy", "*šĕlal*": "spoil/plunder/booty", "*ʾōyḇêḵā*": "your enemies/adversaries/foes", "*nātan*": "given/granted/provided", "*ʾĕlōhêḵā*": "your God/deity" } }

{ "verseID": "Deuteronomy.20.15", "source": "כֵּ֤ן תַּעֲשֶׂה֙ לְכָל־הֶ֣עָרִ֔ים הָרְחֹקֹ֥ת מִמְּךָ֖ מְאֹ֑ד אֲשֶׁ֛ר לֹא־מֵעָרֵ֥י הַגּֽוֹיִם־הָאֵ֖לֶּה הֵֽנָּה׃", "text": "Thus *taʿăśeh* to-all-the-*ʿārîm* the-*rĕḥōqōt* from-you *mĕʾōd*, which not-from-*ʿārê* the-*gôyim*-these *hēnnāh*.", "grammar": { "*kēn*": "adverb - thus/so", "*taʿăśeh*": "qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular - you shall do", "*lĕ-ḵol-he-ʿārîm*": "preposition + construct + definite article + feminine plural noun - to all the cities", "*hārĕḥōqōt*": "definite article + adjective feminine plural - the distant ones", "*mimmĕḵā*": "preposition + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - from you", "*mĕʾōd*": "adverb - very", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which", "*lōʾ-mē-ʿārê*": "negative particle + preposition + feminine plural construct - not from cities of", "*ha-gôyim-hāʾēlleh*": "definite article + masculine plural noun + definite article + demonstrative pronoun - these nations", "*hēnnāh*": "3rd person feminine plural pronoun - they (are)" }, "variants": { "*taʿăśeh*": "do/act/perform", "*ʿārîm*": "cities/towns", "*rĕḥōqōt*": "distant/far/remote", "*mĕʾōd*": "very/exceedingly/greatly", "*ʿārê*": "cities of/towns of", "*gôyim*": "nations/peoples/gentiles", "*hēnnāh*": "they are/they (feminine)" } }

{ "verseID": "Deuteronomy.20.16", "source": "רַ֗ק מֵעָרֵ֤י הָֽעַמִּים֙ הָאֵ֔לֶּה אֲשֶׁר֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ נֹתֵ֥ן לְךָ֖ נַחֲלָ֑ה לֹ֥א תְחַיֶּ֖ה כָּל־נְשָׁמָֽה׃", "text": "Only from-*ʿārê* the-*ʿammîm* these, which *YHWH* *ʾĕlōhêḵā* *nōtēn* to-you *naḥălāh*, not *tĕḥayyeh* any-*nĕšāmāh*.", "grammar": { "*raq*": "adverb - only/surely", "*mē-ʿārê*": "preposition + feminine plural construct - from cities of", "*hā-ʿammîm*": "definite article + masculine plural noun - the peoples", "*hāʾēlleh*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun - these", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which", "*YHWH*": "divine name - LORD", "*ʾĕlōhêḵā*": "masculine plural noun + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your God", "*nōtēn*": "qal participle masculine singular - giving", "*lĕḵā*": "preposition + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - to you", "*naḥălāh*": "feminine singular noun - inheritance", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*tĕḥayyeh*": "piel imperfect 2nd person masculine singular - you shall let live", "*kol-nĕšāmāh*": "construct + feminine singular noun - any breathing thing" }, "variants": { "*ʿārê*": "cities of/towns of", "*ʿammîm*": "peoples/nations/tribes", "*nōtēn*": "giving/granting/providing", "*naḥălāh*": "inheritance/possession/property", "*tĕḥayyeh*": "let live/preserve alive/spare", "*nĕšāmāh*": "breathing thing/living being/soul" } }

{ "verseID": "Deuteronomy.20.17", "source": "כִּֽי־הַחֲרֵ֣ם תַּחֲרִימֵ֗ם הַחִתִּ֤י וְהָאֱמֹרִי֙ הַכְּנַעֲנִ֣י וְהַפְּרִזִּ֔י הַחִוִּ֖י וְהַיְבוּסִ֑י כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר צִוְּךָ֖ יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶֽיךָ׃", "text": "For *ḥaḥărēm* *taḥărîmēm* the *haḥittî* *wə-hāʾĕmōrî* the *hakəna'ănî* *wə-hapərizzî* the *haḥiwwî* *wə-hayəḇûsî* as *kăʾăšer* commanded you *YHWH* *ʾĕlōheḵā*.", "grammar": { "כִּֽי": "conjunction - for/because", "*ḥaḥărēm*": "infinitive absolute - utterly destroy/devote to destruction", "*taḥărîmēm*": "hiphil imperfect 2nd person masculine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - you shall utterly destroy them", "*haḥittî*": "definite article + proper noun - the Hittite", "*wə-*": "conjunction - and", "*hāʾĕmōrî*": "definite article + proper noun - the Amorite", "*hakəna'ănî*": "definite article + proper noun - the Canaanite", "*hapərizzî*": "definite article + proper noun - the Perizzite", "*haḥiwwî*": "definite article + proper noun - the Hivite", "*hayəḇûsî*": "definite article + proper noun - the Jebusite", "*kăʾăšer*": "conjunction - as/according to", "צִוְּךָ֖": "piel perfect 3rd person masculine singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - he commanded you", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*ʾĕlōheḵā*": "noun masculine plural construct with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your God" }, "variants": { "*ḥaḥărēm*": "utterly destroy/devote to destruction/place under ban", "*taḥărîmēm*": "you shall utterly destroy them/devote them to destruction", "*YHWH*": "the proper name of Israel's God/often translated as LORD" } }

{ "verseID": "Deuteronomy.20.18", "source": "לְמַ֗עַן אֲשֶׁ֨ר לֹֽא־יְלַמְּד֤וּ אֶתְכֶם֙ לַעֲשׂ֔וֹת כְּכֹל֙ תּֽוֹעֲבֹתָ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשׂ֖וּ לֵֽאלֹהֵיהֶ֑ם וַחֲטָאתֶ֖ם לַיהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶֽם׃", "text": "For *ləma'an* *ʾăšer* not *yəlamməḏû* you to do *kəḵōl* *tô'ăḇōtām* *ʾăšer* they did to their *lēʾlōhêhem* and you would sin against *YHWH* *ʾĕlōhêḵem*.", "grammar": { "*ləma'an*": "preposition + conjunction - in order that/so that", "*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - which/that", "לֹֽא": "negative particle - not", "*yəlamməḏû*": "piel imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - they will teach", "אֶתְכֶם֙": "direct object marker with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - you (plural)", "לַעֲשׂ֔וֹת": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to do", "*kəḵōl*": "preposition + noun masculine singular construct - according to all of", "*tô'ăḇōtām*": "noun feminine plural construct with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their abominations", "עָשׂ֖וּ": "qal perfect 3rd person common plural - they did/made", "*lēʾlōhêhem*": "preposition + noun masculine plural construct with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - to/for their gods", "וַחֲטָאתֶ֖ם": "conjunction + qal perfect 2nd person masculine plural - and you would sin", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*ʾĕlōhêḵem*": "noun masculine plural construct with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your God" }, "variants": { "*ləma'an*": "in order that/so that/for the purpose that", "*tô'ăḇōtām*": "their abominations/detestable practices/abhorrent rituals", "*lēʾlōhêhem*": "to their gods/for their deities", "*YHWH*": "the proper name of Israel's God/often translated as LORD" } }

{ "verseID": "Deuteronomy.20.19", "source": "כִּֽי־תָצ֣וּר אֶל־עִיר֩ יָמִ֨ים רַבִּ֜ים לְֽהִלָּחֵ֧ם עָלֶ֣יהָ לְתָפְשָׂ֗הּ לֹֽא־תַשְׁחִ֤ית אֶת־עֵצָהּ֙ לִנְדֹּ֤חַ עָלָיו֙ גַּרְזֶ֔ן כִּ֚י מִמֶּ֣נּוּ תֹאכֵ֔ל וְאֹת֖וֹ לֹ֣א תִכְרֹ֑ת כִּ֤י הֽ͏ָאָדָם֙ עֵ֣ץ הַשָּׂדֶ֔ה לָבֹ֥א מִפָּנֶ֖יךָ בַּמָּצֽוֹר׃", "text": "When *tāṣûr* against city *yāmîm* *rabbîm* *ləhillāḥēm* against it *lətāpəśāh*, not *tašḥît* *'ēṣāh* by swinging against it *garzeṇ*, for from it *tōʾḵēl*, and it not *tiḵrōt*, for is the *hāʾāḏām* *'ēṣ* *haśāḏeh* to *lāḇōʾ* from before you *bammāṣôr*.", "grammar": { "כִּֽי": "conjunction - when/if", "*tāṣûr*": "qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular - you besiege", "אֶל": "preposition - against/toward", "עִיר֩": "noun feminine singular construct - city", "*yāmîm*": "noun masculine plural - days", "*rabbîm*": "adjective masculine plural - many", "*ləhillāḥēm*": "preposition + niphal infinitive construct - to fight", "עָלֶ֣יהָ": "preposition with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - against it", "*lətāpəśāh*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - to capture it", "לֹֽא": "negative particle - not", "*tašḥît*": "hiphil imperfect 2nd person masculine singular - you shall destroy", "אֶת": "direct object marker", "*'ēṣāh*": "noun masculine singular construct with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - its tree", "לִנְדֹּ֤חַ": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - by swinging/wielding", "עָלָיו֙": "preposition with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - against it", "*garzeṇ*": "noun masculine singular - axe", "כִּ֚י": "conjunction - for/because", "מִמֶּ֣נּוּ": "preposition with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - from it", "*tōʾḵēl*": "qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular - you shall eat", "וְאֹת֖וֹ": "conjunction + direct object marker with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - and it", "לֹ֣א": "negative particle - not", "*tiḵrōt*": "qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular - you shall cut down", "כִּ֤י": "conjunction - for/because", "*hāʾāḏām*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the human/man", "*'ēṣ*": "noun masculine singular construct - tree of", "*haśāḏeh*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the field", "*lāḇōʾ*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to come/enter", "מִפָּנֶ֖יךָ": "preposition + noun masculine plural construct with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - from before you", "*bammāṣôr*": "preposition + definite article + noun masculine singular - in the siege" }, "variants": { "*tāṣûr*": "you besiege/lay siege to", "*yāmîm rabbîm*": "many days/a long time", "*ləhillāḥēm*": "to fight/to make war", "*lətāpəśāh*": "to capture it/to seize it", "*tašḥît*": "you shall destroy/ruin", "*'ēṣāh*": "its tree/its trees (collective)", "*garzeṇ*": "axe/cutting tool", "*tōʾḵēl*": "you shall eat/you may eat", "*tiḵrōt*": "you shall cut down/cut off", "*hāʾāḏām*": "the human/man/person", "*'ēṣ haśāḏeh*": "tree of the field", "*lāḇōʾ*": "to come/to enter/to go", "*bammāṣôr*": "in the siege/during the siege" } }

{ "verseID": "Deuteronomy.20.20", "source": "רַ֞ק עֵ֣ץ אֲשֶׁר־תֵּדַ֗ע כִּֽי־לֹא־עֵ֤ץ מַאֲכָל֙ ה֔וּא אֹת֥וֹ תַשְׁחִ֖ית וְכָרָ֑תָּ וּבָנִ֣יתָ מָצ֗וֹר עַל־הָעִיר֙ אֲשֶׁר־הִ֨וא עֹשָׂ֧ה עִמְּךָ֛ מִלְחָמָ֖ה עַ֥ד רִדְתָּֽהּ׃", "text": "Only *'ēṣ* *ʾăšer-tēḏa'* that not *'ēṣ* *maʾăḵāl* *hûʾ*, it *tašḥît* *wəḵārāttā* and you shall build *māṣôr* against *hā'îr* *ʾăšer-hîʾ* *'ōśāh* with you *milḥāmāh* until *riḏtāh*.", "grammar": { "רַ֞ק": "adverb - only/just", "*'ēṣ*": "noun masculine singular construct - tree", "*ʾăšer-tēḏa'*": "relative particle + qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular - which you know", "כִּֽי": "conjunction - that", "לֹא": "negative particle - not", "*'ēṣ*": "noun masculine singular construct - tree of", "*maʾăḵāl*": "noun masculine singular - food", "*hûʾ*": "3rd person masculine singular pronoun - it (is)", "אֹת֥וֹ": "direct object marker with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - it", "*tašḥît*": "hiphil imperfect 2nd person masculine singular - you shall destroy", "*wəḵārāttā*": "conjunction + qal perfect 2nd person masculine singular - and you shall cut down", "וּבָנִ֣יתָ": "conjunction + qal perfect 2nd person masculine singular - and you shall build", "*māṣôr*": "noun masculine singular - siege work", "עַל": "preposition - against", "*hā'îr*": "definite article + noun feminine singular - the city", "*ʾăšer-hîʾ*": "relative particle + 3rd person feminine singular pronoun - which it", "*'ōśāh*": "qal participle feminine singular - makes/does", "עִמְּךָ֛": "preposition with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - with you", "*milḥāmāh*": "noun feminine singular - war", "עַ֥ד": "preposition - until", "*riḏtāh*": "qal infinitive construct with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - its falling" }, "variants": { "*'ēṣ*": "tree", "*ʾăšer-tēḏa'*": "which you know/that you recognize", "*'ēṣ maʾăḵāl*": "tree of food/fruit tree", "*tašḥît*": "you shall destroy/ruin", "*wəḵārāttā*": "and you shall cut down/cut off", "*māṣôr*": "siege work/bulwark/fortification", "*hā'îr*": "the city", "*'ōśāh*": "makes/does/wages", "*milḥāmāh*": "war/battle", "*riḏtāh*": "its falling/its submission/until you have subdued it" } }