Verse 1

{ "verseID": "Deuteronomy.4.1", "source": "וְעַתָּ֣ה יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל שְׁמַ֤ע אֶל־הַֽחֻקִּים֙ וְאֶל־הַמִּשְׁפָּטִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֧ר אָֽנֹכִ֛י מְלַמֵּ֥ד אֶתְכֶ֖ם לַעֲשׂ֑וֹת לְמַ֣עַן תִּֽחְי֗וּ וּבָאתֶם֙ וִֽירִשְׁתֶּ֣ם אֶת־הָאָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֧ר יְהוָ֛ה אֱלֹהֵ֥י אֲבֹתֵיכֶ֖ם נֹתֵ֥ן לָכֶֽם", "text": "And-*ʿattâ* *Yiśrāʾēl*, *shᵉmaʿ* to-the-*ḥuqqîm* and-to-the-*mishpāṭîm* which *ʾānōkî* *mᵉlammēd* *ʾetkhem* to-*laʿăśōt*; for-purpose-of *tiḥyû* and-*bāʾtem* and-*yᵉrishtem* *ʾet*-the-*ʾāreṣ* which *YHWH* *ʾĕlōhê* your-*ʾăbōtêkem* *nōtēn* to-you", "grammar": { "*wᵉ*": "conjunction - and", "*ʿattâ*": "adverb - now", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Israel", "*shᵉmaʿ*": "imperative verb, qal, masculine singular - hear/listen", "*ḥuqqîm*": "noun, masculine plural - statutes/decrees", "*mishpāṭîm*": "noun, masculine plural - judgments/ordinances", "*ʾānōkî*": "pronoun, first person singular - I", "*mᵉlammēd*": "participle, piel, masculine singular - teaching", "*ʾetkhem*": "direct object marker with second person masculine plural suffix - you", "*laʿăśōt*": "preposition with infinitive construct, qal - to do/perform", "*lᵉmaʿan*": "conjunction - so that/in order that", "*tiḥyû*": "verb, qal imperfect, second person masculine plural - you will live", "*bāʾtem*": "verb, qal perfect, second person masculine plural - you will come/enter", "*yᵉrishtem*": "verb, qal perfect, second person masculine plural - you will possess/inherit", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ʾāreṣ*": "noun, feminine singular - land/earth", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the divine name", "*ʾĕlōhê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - God of", "*ʾăbōtêkem*": "noun, masculine plural with second person masculine plural suffix - your fathers", "*nōtēn*": "participle, qal, masculine singular - giving" }, "variants": { "*ʿattâ*": "now/at this time", "*shᵉmaʿ*": "hear/listen/obey/understand", "*ḥuqqîm*": "statutes/decrees/prescribed limits", "*mishpāṭîm*": "judgments/ordinances/legal decisions", "*mᵉlammēd*": "teaching/instructing", "*laʿăśōt*": "to do/to perform/to observe", "*tiḥyû*": "you will live/survive/be preserved", "*bāʾtem*": "you will come/enter/arrive", "*yᵉrishtem*": "you will possess/inherit/occupy", "*ʾāreṣ*": "land/earth/territory/ground", "*nōtēn*": "giving/granting/bestowing" } }

Verse 2

{ "verseID": "Deuteronomy.4.2", "source": "לֹ֣א תֹסִ֗פוּ עַל־הַדָּבָר֙ אֲשֶׁ֤ר אָנֹכִי֙ מְצַוֶּ֣ה אֶתְכֶ֔ם וְלֹ֥א תִגְרְע֖וּ מִמֶּ֑נּוּ לִשְׁמֹ֗ר אֶת־מִצְוֺת֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר אָנֹכִ֖י מְצַוֶּ֥ה אֶתְכֶֽם", "text": "Not *tōsipû* upon-the-*dābār* which *ʾānōkî* *mᵉṣawweh* *ʾetkhem*, and-not *tigrᵉʿû* from-it; to-*lishmōr* *ʾet*-*miṣwōt* *YHWH* your-*ʾĕlōhêkem* which *ʾānōkî* *mᵉṣawweh* *ʾetkhem*", "grammar": { "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*tōsipû*": "verb, hiphil imperfect, second person masculine plural - you shall add", "*ʿal*": "preposition - upon/to", "*dābār*": "noun, masculine singular - word/thing/matter", "*ʾānōkî*": "pronoun, first person singular - I", "*mᵉṣawweh*": "participle, piel, masculine singular - commanding", "*ʾetkhem*": "direct object marker with second person masculine plural suffix - you", "*tigrᵉʿû*": "verb, qal imperfect, second person masculine plural - you shall diminish/subtract", "*mimmenû*": "preposition with third person masculine singular suffix - from it", "*lishmōr*": "preposition with infinitive construct, qal - to keep/observe", "*miṣwōt*": "noun, feminine plural construct - commandments of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the divine name", "*ʾĕlōhêkem*": "noun, masculine plural with second person masculine plural suffix - your God" }, "variants": { "*tōsipû*": "you shall add/increase/supplement", "*dābār*": "word/thing/matter/command", "*mᵉṣawweh*": "commanding/ordering/instructing", "*tigrᵉʿû*": "you shall diminish/subtract/reduce/take away", "*lishmōr*": "to keep/observe/guard/preserve", "*miṣwōt*": "commandments/precepts/orders" } }

Verse 3

{ "verseID": "Deuteronomy.4.3", "source": "עֵֽינֵיכֶם֙ הָֽרֹאֹ֔ת אֵ֛ת אֲשֶׁר־עָשָׂ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה בְּבַ֣עַל פְּע֑וֹר כִּ֣י כָל־הָאִ֗ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֤ר הָלַךְ֙ אַחֲרֵ֣י בַֽעַל־פְּע֔וֹר הִשְׁמִיד֛וֹ יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ מִקִּרְבֶּֽךָ", "text": "Your-*ʿênêkem* the-*rōʾōt* *ʾet* which-*ʿāśâ* *YHWH* in-*Baʿal Pᵉʿôr*, for all-the-*ʾîsh* who *hālak* after *Baʿal-Pᵉʿôr*, *hishmîdô* *YHWH* your-*ʾĕlōhêkā* from-*miqqirbᵉkā*", "grammar": { "*ʿênêkem*": "noun, feminine dual with second person masculine plural suffix - your eyes", "*rōʾōt*": "participle, qal, feminine plural - seeing", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ʾăsher*": "relative pronoun - which/that", "*ʿāśâ*": "verb, qal perfect, third person masculine singular - he did/made", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the divine name", "*bᵉ*": "preposition - in/with", "*Baʿal Pᵉʿôr*": "proper noun - Baal of Peor", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*kol*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all of", "*ʾîsh*": "noun, masculine singular - man", "*hālak*": "verb, qal perfect, third person masculine singular - he walked/went", "*ʾaḥărê*": "preposition - after/behind", "*hishmîdô*": "verb, hiphil perfect, third person masculine singular with third person masculine singular suffix - he destroyed him", "*ʾĕlōhêkā*": "noun, masculine plural with second person masculine singular suffix - your God", "*miqqirbᵉkā*": "preposition with noun, masculine singular with second person masculine singular suffix - from your midst" }, "variants": { "*ʿênêkem*": "your eyes/sight", "*rōʾōt*": "seeing/witnessing/observing", "*ʿāśâ*": "did/made/performed/accomplished", "*hālak*": "walked/went/followed", "*hishmîdô*": "destroyed him/annihilated him/eliminated him", "*miqqirbᵉkā*": "from your midst/from among you" } }

Verse 5

{ "verseID": "Deuteronomy.4.5", "source": "רְאֵ֣ה ׀ לִמַּ֣דְתִּי אֶתְכֶ֗ם חֻקִּים֙ וּמִשְׁפָּטִ֔ים כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר צִוַּ֖נִי יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהָ֑י לַעֲשׂ֣וֹת כֵּ֔ן בְּקֶ֣רֶב הָאָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֥ר אַתֶּ֛ם בָּאִ֥ים שָׁ֖מָּה לְרִשְׁתָּֽהּ", "text": "*Rᵉʾēh*, *limmadtî* *ʾetkhem* *ḥuqqîm* and-*mishpāṭîm* according-as *ṣiwwanî* *YHWH* my-*ʾĕlōhāy* to-*laʿăśôt* thus in-*qereb* the-*ʾāreṣ* which *ʾattem* *bāʾîm* there to-*lᵉrishtāh*", "grammar": { "*rᵉʾēh*": "imperative verb, qal, masculine singular - see/behold", "*limmadtî*": "verb, piel perfect, first person singular - I have taught", "*ʾetkhem*": "direct object marker with second person masculine plural suffix - you", "*ḥuqqîm*": "noun, masculine plural - statutes/decrees", "*û*": "conjunction - and", "*mishpāṭîm*": "noun, masculine plural - judgments/ordinances", "*kaʾăsher*": "conjunction - as/just as", "*ṣiwwanî*": "verb, piel perfect, third person masculine singular with first person singular suffix - he commanded me", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the divine name", "*ʾĕlōhāy*": "noun, masculine plural with first person singular suffix - my God", "*laʿăśôt*": "preposition with infinitive construct, qal - to do/perform", "*kēn*": "adverb - thus/so", "*qereb*": "noun, masculine singular construct - midst of", "*ʾāreṣ*": "noun, feminine singular - land/earth", "*ʾattem*": "pronoun, second person masculine plural - you", "*bāʾîm*": "participle, qal, masculine plural - coming/entering", "*shāmmâ*": "adverb - there/to there", "*lᵉrishtāh*": "preposition with infinitive construct, qal with third person feminine singular suffix - to possess it" }, "variants": { "*rᵉʾēh*": "see/behold/look/observe", "*limmadtî*": "I have taught/instructed/trained", "*ḥuqqîm*": "statutes/decrees/prescribed limits", "*mishpāṭîm*": "judgments/ordinances/legal decisions", "*ṣiwwanî*": "he commanded me/he ordered me", "*laʿăśôt*": "to do/to perform/to observe", "*qereb*": "midst/interior/among", "*bāʾîm*": "coming/entering/going", "*lᵉrishtāh*": "to possess it/to inherit it/to occupy it" } }

Verse 6

{ "verseID": "Deuteronomy.4.6", "source": "וּשְׁמַרְתֶּם֮ וַעֲשִׂיתֶם֒ כִּ֣י הִ֤וא חָכְמַתְכֶם֙ וּבִ֣ינַתְכֶ֔ם לְעֵינֵ֖י הָעַמִּ֑ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר יִשְׁמְע֗וּן אֵ֚ת כָּל־הַחֻקִּ֣ים הָאֵ֔לֶּה וְאָמְר֗וּ רַ֚ק עַם־חָכָ֣ם וְנָב֔וֹן הַגּ֥וֹי הַגָּד֖וֹל הַזֶּֽה", "text": "And-*ushᵉmartem* and-*waʿăśîtem*, for *hîw* your-*ḥokmatkhem* and-your-*bînatkhem* to-*ʿênê* the-*ʿammîm* who *yishmᵉʿûn* *ʾet* all-the-*ḥuqqîm* the-these, and-*wᵉʾāmrû* surely people-*ḥākām* and-*nābôn* the-*gôy* the-*gādôl* the-this", "grammar": { "*û*": "conjunction - and", "*shᵉmartem*": "verb, qal perfect, second person masculine plural - you shall keep/observe", "*wa*": "conjunction - and", "*ʿăśîtem*": "verb, qal perfect, second person masculine plural - you shall do/perform", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*hîw*": "pronoun, third person feminine singular - it/she", "*ḥokmatkhem*": "noun, feminine singular with second person masculine plural suffix - your wisdom", "*bînatkhem*": "noun, feminine singular with second person masculine plural suffix - your understanding", "*lᵉ*": "preposition - to/for", "*ʿênê*": "noun, feminine dual construct - eyes of", "*ʿammîm*": "noun, masculine plural - peoples/nations", "*yishmᵉʿûn*": "verb, qal imperfect, third person masculine plural - they will hear", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*kol*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all of", "*ḥuqqîm*": "noun, masculine plural - statutes/decrees", "*ʾēlleh*": "demonstrative pronoun, common plural - these", "*wᵉʾāmrû*": "conjunction with verb, qal perfect, third person masculine plural - and they will say", "*raq*": "adverb - only/surely", "*ʿam*": "noun, masculine singular construct - people of", "*ḥākām*": "adjective, masculine singular - wise", "*nābôn*": "adjective, masculine singular - understanding/discerning", "*gôy*": "noun, masculine singular - nation", "*gādôl*": "adjective, masculine singular - great/large", "*zeh*": "demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular - this" }, "variants": { "*shᵉmartem*": "you shall keep/observe/guard/preserve", "*ʿăśîtem*": "you shall do/perform/make/accomplish", "*ḥokmatkhem*": "your wisdom/skill/expertise", "*bînatkhem*": "your understanding/discernment/intelligence", "*ʿammîm*": "peoples/nations/ethnic groups", "*yishmᵉʿûn*": "they will hear/listen/obey", "*ḥuqqîm*": "statutes/decrees/prescribed limits", "*raq*": "only/surely/certainly", "*ḥākām*": "wise/skillful/experienced", "*nābôn*": "understanding/discerning/intelligent", "*gôy*": "nation/people/gentiles", "*gādôl*": "great/large/important" } }

Verse 7

{ "verseID": "Deuteronomy.4.7", "source": "כִּ֚י מִי־ג֣וֹי גָּד֔וֹל אֲשֶׁר־ל֥וֹ אֱלֹהִ֖ים קְרֹבִ֣ים אֵלָ֑יו כַּיהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵ֔ינוּ בְּכָּל־קָרְאֵ֖נוּ אֵלָֽיו", "text": "For who-*gôy* *gādôl* which-to-him *ʾĕlōhîm* *qᵉrōbîm* to-him like-*YHWH* our-*ʾĕlōhênû* in-all-*qorʾēnû* to-him", "grammar": { "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*mî*": "interrogative pronoun - who", "*gôy*": "noun, masculine singular construct - nation of", "*gādôl*": "adjective, masculine singular - great/large", "*ʾăsher*": "relative pronoun - which/that", "*lô*": "preposition with third person masculine singular suffix - to him", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine plural - God/gods", "*qᵉrōbîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - near/close", "*ʾēlāyw*": "preposition with third person masculine singular suffix - to him", "*ka*": "preposition - like/as", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the divine name", "*ʾĕlōhênû*": "noun, masculine plural with first person plural suffix - our God", "*bᵉ*": "preposition - in", "*kol*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all of", "*qorʾēnû*": "infinitive construct, qal with first person plural suffix - our calling", "*ʾēlāyw*": "preposition with third person masculine singular suffix - to him" }, "variants": { "*gôy*": "nation/people/gentiles", "*gādôl*": "great/large/important", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "God/gods/divine beings", "*qᵉrōbîm*": "near/close/accessible", "*qorʾēnû*": "our calling/our crying out/our appealing" } }

Verse 8

{ "verseID": "Deuteronomy.4.8", "source": "וּמִי֙ גּ֣וֹי גָּד֔וֹל אֲשֶׁר־ל֛וֹ חֻקִּ֥ים וּמִשְׁפָּטִ֖ים צַדִּיקִ֑ם כְּכֹל֙ הַתּוֹרָ֣ה הַזֹּ֔את אֲשֶׁ֧ר אָנֹכִ֛י נֹתֵ֥ן לִפְנֵיכֶ֖ם הַיּֽוֹם", "text": "And-who *gôy* *gādôl* which-to-him *ḥuqqîm* and-*mishpāṭîm* *ṣaddîqim* like-all the-*tôrâ* the-this which *ʾānōkî* *nōtēn* before-you *hayyôm*", "grammar": { "*û*": "conjunction - and", "*mî*": "interrogative pronoun - who", "*gôy*": "noun, masculine singular construct - nation of", "*gādôl*": "adjective, masculine singular - great/large", "*ʾăsher*": "relative pronoun - which/that", "*lô*": "preposition with third person masculine singular suffix - to him", "*ḥuqqîm*": "noun, masculine plural - statutes/decrees", "*mishpāṭîm*": "noun, masculine plural - judgments/ordinances", "*ṣaddîqim*": "adjective, masculine plural - righteous/just", "*kᵉkōl*": "preposition with noun, masculine singular construct - like all of", "*tôrâ*": "noun, feminine singular - law/instruction", "*zōʾt*": "demonstrative pronoun, feminine singular - this", "*ʾăsher*": "relative pronoun - which/that", "*ʾānōkî*": "pronoun, first person singular - I", "*nōtēn*": "participle, qal, masculine singular - giving", "*lipnêkem*": "preposition with noun, masculine dual with second person masculine plural suffix - before you", "*hayyôm*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the day/today" }, "variants": { "*gôy*": "nation/people/gentiles", "*gādôl*": "great/large/important", "*ḥuqqîm*": "statutes/decrees/prescribed limits", "*mishpāṭîm*": "judgments/ordinances/legal decisions", "*ṣaddîqim*": "righteous/just/fair/legitimate", "*tôrâ*": "law/instruction/teaching/direction", "*nōtēn*": "giving/placing/setting", "*hayyôm*": "the day/today/at this time" } }

Verse 9

{ "verseID": "Deuteronomy.4.9", "source": "רַ֡ק הִשָּׁ֣מֶר לְךָ֩ וּשְׁמֹ֨ר נַפְשְׁךָ֜ מְאֹ֗ד פֶּן־תִּשְׁכַּ֨ח אֶת־הַדְּבָרִ֜ים אֲשֶׁר־רָא֣וּ עֵינֶ֗יךָ וּפֶן־יָס֙וּרוּ֙ מִלְּבָ֣בְךָ֔ כֹּ֖ל יְמֵ֣י חַיֶּ֑יךָ וְהוֹדַעְתָּ֥ם לְבָנֶ֖יךָ וְלִבְנֵ֥י בָנֶֽיךָ", "text": "Only *hishshāmer* to-you and-*ushᵉmōr* your-*napshᵉkā* *mᵉʾōd* lest-*tishkkaḥ* *ʾet*-the-*dᵉbārîm* which-*rāʾû* your-*ʿênêkā* and-lest-*yāsûrû* from-your-*lᵉbābᵉkā*, all *yᵉmê* your-*ḥayyêkā* and-*wᵉhôdaʿtām* to-your-*bānêkā* and-to-*libnê* your-*bānêkā*", "grammar": { "*raq*": "adverb - only/surely", "*hishshāmer*": "verb, niphal imperative, masculine singular - take heed/be careful", "*lᵉkā*": "preposition with second person masculine singular suffix - to you", "*û*": "conjunction - and", "*shᵉmōr*": "verb, qal imperative, masculine singular - guard/keep", "*napshᵉkā*": "noun, feminine singular with second person masculine singular suffix - your soul", "*mᵉʾōd*": "adverb - very/exceedingly", "*pen*": "conjunction - lest/so that not", "*tishkkaḥ*": "verb, qal imperfect, second person masculine singular - you forget", "*dᵉbārîm*": "noun, masculine plural - words/things", "*ʾăsher*": "relative pronoun - which/that", "*rāʾû*": "verb, qal perfect, third person common plural - they saw", "*ʿênêkā*": "noun, feminine dual with second person masculine singular suffix - your eyes", "*yāsûrû*": "verb, qal imperfect, third person masculine plural - they depart/turn aside", "*millᵉbābᵉkā*": "preposition with noun, masculine singular with second person masculine singular suffix - from your heart", "*kōl*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all of", "*yᵉmê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - days of", "*ḥayyêkā*": "noun, masculine plural with second person masculine singular suffix - your life", "*wᵉhôdaʿtām*": "conjunction with verb, hiphil perfect, second person masculine singular with third person masculine plural suffix - and you shall make them known", "*lᵉbānêkā*": "preposition with noun, masculine plural with second person masculine singular suffix - to your sons", "*libnê*": "preposition with noun, masculine plural construct - to sons of", "*bānêkā*": "noun, masculine plural with second person masculine singular suffix - your sons" }, "variants": { "*hishshāmer*": "take heed/be careful/guard yourself/beware", "*shᵉmōr*": "guard/keep/watch/preserve", "*napshᵉkā*": "your soul/your life/yourself", "*mᵉʾōd*": "very/exceedingly/greatly/diligently", "*tishkkaḥ*": "you forget/you neglect", "*dᵉbārîm*": "words/things/matters/events", "*rāʾû*": "they saw/they witnessed/they observed", "*yāsûrû*": "they depart/they turn aside/they are removed", "*lᵉbābᵉkā*": "your heart/your mind/your inner self", "*yᵉmê*": "days/lifetime/period", "*ḥayyêkā*": "your life/your lifetime", "*wᵉhôdaʿtām*": "and you shall make them known/and you shall teach them" } }

Verse 10

{ "verseID": "Deuteronomy.4.10", "source": "י֗וֹם אֲשֶׁ֨ר עָמַ֜דְתָּ לִפְנֵ֨י יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶיךָ֮ בְּחֹרֵב֒ בֶּאֱמֹ֨ר יְהוָ֜ה אֵלַ֗י הַקְהֶל־לִי֙ אֶת־הָעָ֔ם וְאַשְׁמִעֵ֖ם אֶת־דְּבָרָ֑י אֲשֶׁ֨ר יִלְמְד֜וּן לְיִרְאָ֣ה אֹתִ֗י כָּל־הַיָּמִים֙ אֲשֶׁ֨ר הֵ֤ם חַיִּים֙ עַל־הָ֣אֲדָמָ֔ה וְאֶת־בְּנֵיהֶ֖ם יְלַמֵּדֽוּן", "text": "*Yôm* which *ʿāmadtā* before *YHWH* your-*ʾĕlōhêkā* in-*Ḥōrēb*, in-*beʾĕmōr* *YHWH* to-me, *haqhel*-to-me *ʾet*-the-*ʿām* and-*wᵉʾashmîʿēm* *ʾet*-my-*dᵉbārāy*; which *yilmᵉdûn* to-*yirʾâ* me all-the-*yāmîm* which they *ḥayyîm* upon-the-*ʾădāmâ* and-*ʾet*-their-*bᵉnêhem* *yᵉlammēdûn*", "grammar": { "*yôm*": "noun, masculine singular - day", "*ʾăsher*": "relative pronoun - which/that", "*ʿāmadtā*": "verb, qal perfect, second person masculine singular - you stood", "*lipnê*": "preposition with noun, masculine dual construct - before", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the divine name", "*ʾĕlōhêkā*": "noun, masculine plural with second person masculine singular suffix - your God", "*bᵉ*": "preposition - in", "*Ḥōrēb*": "proper noun - Horeb/Sinai", "*beʾĕmōr*": "preposition with infinitive construct, qal - when said", "*ʾēlay*": "preposition with first person singular suffix - to me", "*haqhel*": "verb, hiphil imperative, masculine singular - assemble/gather", "*lî*": "preposition with first person singular suffix - to me", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ʿām*": "noun, masculine singular - people", "*wᵉʾashmîʿēm*": "conjunction with verb, hiphil imperfect, first person singular with third person masculine plural suffix - and I will cause them to hear", "*dᵉbārāy*": "noun, masculine plural with first person singular suffix - my words", "*yilmᵉdûn*": "verb, qal imperfect, third person masculine plural - they will learn", "*lᵉyirʾâ*": "preposition with infinitive construct, qal - to fear", "*ʾōtî*": "direct object marker with first person singular suffix - me", "*kol*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all of", "*yāmîm*": "noun, masculine plural - days", "*hēm*": "pronoun, third person masculine plural - they", "*ḥayyîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - living/alive", "*ʿal*": "preposition - upon/on", "*ʾădāmâ*": "noun, feminine singular - ground/land", "*bᵉnêhem*": "noun, masculine plural with third person masculine plural suffix - their sons", "*yᵉlammēdûn*": "verb, piel imperfect, third person masculine plural - they will teach" }, "variants": { "*yôm*": "day/time/occasion", "*ʿāmadtā*": "you stood/you were positioned", "*Ḥōrēb*": "Horeb/Mount Sinai", "*beʾĕmōr*": "when said/when spoke", "*haqhel*": "assemble/gather/congregate", "*ʿām*": "people/nation/folk", "*wᵉʾashmîʿēm*": "and I will cause them to hear/and I will let them hear", "*dᵉbārāy*": "my words/my statements/my commands", "*yilmᵉdûn*": "they will learn/they will study/they will become accustomed to", "*lᵉyirʾâ*": "to fear/to reverence/to be in awe of", "*yāmîm*": "days/time/lifetime", "*ḥayyîm*": "living/alive/existing", "*ʾădāmâ*": "ground/land/earth/soil", "*yᵉlammēdûn*": "they will teach/they will train/they will instruct" } }

Verse 11

{ "verseID": "Deuteronomy.4.11", "source": "וַתִּקְרְב֥וּן וַתַּֽעַמְד֖וּן תַּ֣חַת הָהָ֑ר וְהָהָ֞ר בֹּעֵ֤ר בָּאֵשׁ֙ עַד־לֵ֣ב הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם חֹ֖שֶׁךְ עָנָ֥ן וַעֲרָפֶֽל", "text": "And-*wattiqrᵉbûn* and-*wattaʿamdûn* under the-*hār*, and-the-*hār* *bōʿēr* in-the-*ʾēsh* unto-*lēb* the-*shāmayim* *ḥōshek* *ʿānān* and-*waʿărāpel*", "grammar": { "*wa*": "conjunction - and", "*ttiqrᵉbûn*": "verb, qal imperfect, second person masculine plural - you approached", "*ttaʿamdûn*": "verb, qal imperfect, second person masculine plural - you stood", "*taḥat*": "preposition - under/beneath", "*hār*": "noun, masculine singular - mountain", "*hāhār*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the mountain", "*bōʿēr*": "participle, qal, masculine singular - burning", "*bā*": "preposition with definite article - in the", "*ʾēsh*": "noun, feminine singular - fire", "*ʿad*": "preposition - unto/to/as far as", "*lēb*": "noun, masculine singular construct - heart of", "*shāmayim*": "noun, masculine plural - heavens/sky", "*ḥōshek*": "noun, masculine singular - darkness", "*ʿānān*": "noun, masculine singular - cloud", "*waʿărāpel*": "conjunction with noun, masculine singular - and thick darkness" }, "variants": { "*ttiqrᵉbûn*": "you approached/you came near/you drew near", "*ttaʿamdûn*": "you stood/you positioned yourselves", "*hār*": "mountain/hill/mount", "*bōʿēr*": "burning/consuming/blazing", "*ʾēsh*": "fire/flame", "*lēb*": "heart/center/midst", "*shāmayim*": "heavens/sky/atmosphere", "*ḥōshek*": "darkness/obscurity", "*ʿānān*": "cloud/mass of clouds", "*ʿărāpel*": "thick darkness/heavy clouds/gloom" } }

Verse 12

{ "verseID": "Deuteronomy.4.12", "source": "וַיְדַבֵּ֧ר יְהוָ֛ה אֲלֵיכֶ֖ם מִתּ֣וֹךְ הָאֵ֑שׁ ק֤וֹל דְּבָרִים֙ אַתֶּ֣ם שֹׁמְעִ֔ים וּתְמוּנָ֛ה אֵינְכֶ֥ם רֹאִ֖ים זוּלָתִ֥י קֽוֹל", "text": "And-*wayᵉdabbēr* *YHWH* to-you from-*tôk* the-*ʾēsh*; *qôl* *dᵉbārîm* *ʾattem* *shōmᵉʿîm* and-*ûtᵉmûnâ* not-you *rōʾîm* besides *qôl*", "grammar": { "*wa*": "conjunction - and", "*yᵉdabbēr*": "verb, piel imperfect, third person masculine singular - he spoke", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the divine name", "*ʾălêkem*": "preposition with second person masculine plural suffix - to you", "*mittôk*": "preposition with noun, masculine singular construct - from midst of", "*ʾēsh*": "noun, feminine singular - fire", "*qôl*": "noun, masculine singular construct - sound of/voice of", "*dᵉbārîm*": "noun, masculine plural - words/things", "*ʾattem*": "pronoun, second person masculine plural - you", "*shōmᵉʿîm*": "participle, qal, masculine plural - hearing", "*û*": "conjunction - and", "*tᵉmûnâ*": "noun, feminine singular - form/likeness", "*ʾênkem*": "particle of negation with second person masculine plural suffix - you are not", "*rōʾîm*": "participle, qal, masculine plural - seeing", "*zûlātî*": "preposition - besides/except", "*qôl*": "noun, masculine singular - sound/voice" }, "variants": { "*yᵉdabbēr*": "he spoke/he said/he declared", "*tôk*": "midst/middle/among", "*ʾēsh*": "fire/flame", "*qôl*": "sound/voice/noise", "*dᵉbārîm*": "words/things/matters", "*shōmᵉʿîm*": "hearing/listening/understanding", "*tᵉmûnâ*": "form/likeness/representation/image", "*rōʾîm*": "seeing/perceiving/beholding", "*zûlātî*": "besides/except/apart from" } }

Verse 13

{ "verseID": "Deuteronomy.4.13", "source": "וַיַּגֵּ֨ד לָכֶ֜ם אֶת־בְּרִית֗וֹ אֲשֶׁ֨ר צִוָּ֤ה אֶתְכֶם֙ לַעֲשׂ֔וֹת עֲשֶׂ֖רֶת הַדְּבָרִ֑ים וַֽיִּכְתְּבֵ֔ם עַל־שְׁנֵ֖י לֻח֥וֹת אֲבָנִֽים", "text": "And-*wayyaggēd* to-you *ʾet*-his-*bᵉrîtô* which *ṣiwwâ* *ʾetkhem* to-*laʿăśôt*, *ʿăśeret* the-*dᵉbārîm*, and-*wayyiktᵉbēm* upon-*shᵉnê* *luḥôt* *ʾăbānîm*", "grammar": { "*wa*": "conjunction - and", "*yyaggēd*": "verb, hiphil imperfect, third person masculine singular - he declared", "*lākem*": "preposition with second person masculine plural suffix - to you", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*bᵉrîtô*": "noun, feminine singular with third person masculine singular suffix - his covenant", "*ʾăsher*": "relative pronoun - which/that", "*ṣiwwâ*": "verb, piel perfect, third person masculine singular - he commanded", "*ʾetkhem*": "direct object marker with second person masculine plural suffix - you", "*laʿăśôt*": "preposition with infinitive construct, qal - to do/perform", "*ʿăśeret*": "cardinal number, feminine construct - ten of", "*dᵉbārîm*": "noun, masculine plural - words/things", "*wayyiktᵉbēm*": "conjunction with verb, qal imperfect, third person masculine singular with third person masculine plural suffix - and he wrote them", "*ʿal*": "preposition - upon/on", "*shᵉnê*": "cardinal number, masculine dual construct - two of", "*luḥôt*": "noun, masculine plural construct - tablets of", "*ʾăbānîm*": "noun, feminine plural - stones" }, "variants": { "*yyaggēd*": "he declared/he told/he announced", "*bᵉrîtô*": "his covenant/his agreement/his treaty", "*ṣiwwâ*": "he commanded/he ordered/he instructed", "*laʿăśôt*": "to do/to perform/to practice", "*ʿăśeret*": "ten/tenth", "*dᵉbārîm*": "words/sayings/commandments", "*wayyiktᵉbēm*": "and he wrote them/and he inscribed them", "*luḥôt*": "tablets/plates/boards", "*ʾăbānîm*": "stones/rocks" } }

Verse 14

{ "verseID": "Deuteronomy.4.14", "source": "וְאֹתִ֞י צִוָּ֤ה יְהוָה֙ בָּעֵ֣ת הַהִ֔וא לְלַמֵּ֣ד אֶתְכֶ֔ם חֻקִּ֖ים וּמִשְׁפָּטִ֑ים לַעֲשֹׂתְכֶ֣ם אֹתָ֔ם בָּאָ֕רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֥ר אַתֶּ֛ם עֹבְרִ֥ים שָׁ֖מָּה לְרִשְׁתָּֽהּ׃", "text": "*wə-* me *ṣiwwāh YHWH* in *ʿēt* the-that to-*lammēd* *ʾetkem ḥuqqîm û-mišpāṭîm* to-*ʿăśōtkem* them in-*hā-ʾāreṣ* which you *ʿōbərîm* there to-*rištāh*.", "grammar": { "*wə-*": "conjunction - and", "*ʾōtî*": "direct object marker with 1st person singular suffix - me", "*ṣiwwāh*": "Piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - commanded", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*bā-ʿēt*": "preposition + definite article + feminine noun - in the time", "*ha-hîʾ*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun - that", "*lə-lammēd*": "preposition + Piel infinitive construct - to teach", "*ʾetkem*": "direct object marker with 2nd masculine plural suffix - you", "*ḥuqqîm*": "masculine plural noun - statutes/decrees", "*û-mišpāṭîm*": "conjunction + masculine plural noun - and judgments/ordinances", "*la-ʿăśōtkem*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct with 2nd masculine plural suffix - for your doing", "*ʾōtām*": "direct object marker with 3rd masculine plural suffix - them", "*bā-ʾāreṣ*": "preposition + definite article + feminine noun - in the land", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which", "*ʾattem*": "2nd masculine plural pronoun - you", "*ʿōbərîm*": "Qal participle masculine plural - crossing over", "*šāmmāh*": "adverb - there", "*lə-rištāh*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct with 3rd feminine singular suffix - to possess it" }, "variants": { "*ṣiwwāh*": "commanded/ordered/instructed", "*ʿēt*": "time/season/period", "*lammēd*": "teach/instruct/train", "*ḥuqqîm*": "statutes/decrees/laws", "*mišpāṭîm*": "judgments/ordinances/legal decisions", "*ʿăśōtkem*": "doing/performing/observing", "*ʾāreṣ*": "land/earth/territory", "*ʿōbərîm*": "crossing over/passing through", "*rištāh*": "possess it/inherit it/take ownership of it" } }

Verse 15

{ "verseID": "Deuteronomy.4.15", "source": "וְנִשְׁמַרְתֶּ֥ם מְאֹ֖ד לְנַפְשֹׁתֵיכֶ֑ם כִּ֣י לֹ֤א רְאִיתֶם֙ כָּל־תְּמוּנָ֔ה בְּי֗וֹם דִּבֶּ֨ר יְהוָ֧ה אֲלֵיכֶ֛ם בְּחֹרֵ֖ב מִתּ֥וֹךְ הָאֵֽשׁ׃", "text": "*wə-nišmartem məʾōd lə-napšōtêkem kî lōʾ rəʾîtem kol-təmûnāh bə-yôm dibber YHWH ʾălêkem bə-ḥōrēb mittôk hā-ʾēš*.", "grammar": { "*wə-nišmartem*": "conjunction + Niphal perfect, 2nd masculine plural - and you shall guard/watch", "*məʾōd*": "adverb - very/exceedingly/greatly", "*lə-napšōtêkem*": "preposition + feminine plural noun with 2nd masculine plural suffix - for your souls/selves", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*rəʾîtem*": "Qal perfect, 2nd masculine plural - you saw", "*kol-təmûnāh*": "construct chain: noun + feminine singular noun - any form/likeness", "*bə-yôm*": "preposition + masculine singular noun - in day/when", "*dibber*": "Piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - spoke", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*ʾălêkem*": "preposition with 2nd masculine plural suffix - to you", "*bə-ḥōrēb*": "preposition + proper noun - in Horeb", "*mittôk*": "preposition + masculine singular construct noun - from midst of", "*hā-ʾēš*": "definite article + feminine singular noun - the fire" }, "variants": { "*nišmartem*": "guard yourselves/watch yourselves/take heed for yourselves", "*məʾōd*": "exceedingly/greatly/diligently/very", "*napšōtêkem*": "your souls/your lives/yourselves", "*təmûnāh*": "form/likeness/image/representation", "*yôm*": "day/time/when", "*dibber*": "spoke/talked/uttered", "*ḥōrēb*": "Horeb (alternative name for Mount Sinai)", "*tôk*": "midst/middle/among", "*ʾēš*": "fire/flame" } }

Verse 19

{ "verseID": "Deuteronomy.4.19", "source": "וּפֶן־תִּשָּׂ֨א עֵינֶ֜יךָ הַשָּׁמַ֗יְמָה וְֽ֠רָאִיתָ אֶת־הַשֶּׁ֨מֶשׁ וְאֶת־הַיָּרֵ֜חַ וְאֶת־הַכּֽוֹכָבִ֗ים כֹּ֚ל צְבָ֣א הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם וְנִדַּחְתָּ֛ וְהִשְׁתַּחֲוִ֥יתָ לָהֶ֖ם וַעֲבַדְתָּ֑ם אֲשֶׁ֨ר חָלַ֜ק יְהוָ֤ה אֱלֹהֶ֙יךָ֙ אֹתָ֔ם לְכֹל֙ הָֽעַמִּ֔ים תַּ֖חַת כָּל־הַשָּׁמָֽיִם׃", "text": "*û-pen-tiśśāʾ ʿênêkā ha-šāmaymāh wə-rāʾîtā ʾet-ha-ššemeš wə-ʾet-ha-yyārēaḥ wə-ʾet-ha-kkôkābîm kōl ṣəbāʾ ha-šāmayim wə-niddaḥtā wə-hištaḥăwîtā lāhem wa-ʿăbadtām ʾăšer ḥālaq YHWH ʾĕlōhêkā ʾōtām lə-kōl hā-ʿammîm taḥat kol-ha-šāmāyim*.", "grammar": { "*û-pen*": "conjunction + conjunction - and lest", "*tiśśāʾ*": "Qal imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you lift up", "*ʿênêkā*": "common dual noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your eyes", "*ha-šāmaymāh*": "definite article + noun + directional suffix - to the heavens", "*wə-rāʾîtā*": "conjunction + Qal perfect, 2nd masculine singular - and see", "*ʾet-ha-ššemeš*": "direct object marker + definite article + noun - the sun", "*wə-ʾet-ha-yyārēaḥ*": "conjunction + direct object marker + definite article + noun - and the moon", "*wə-ʾet-ha-kkôkābîm*": "conjunction + direct object marker + definite article + noun - and the stars", "*kōl*": "noun - all", "*ṣəbāʾ*": "masculine singular construct noun - host of", "*ha-šāmayim*": "definite article + masculine plural noun - the heavens", "*wə-niddaḥtā*": "conjunction + Niphal perfect, 2nd masculine singular - and be drawn away", "*wə-hištaḥăwîtā*": "conjunction + Hishtaphel perfect, 2nd masculine singular - and bow down", "*lāhem*": "preposition with 3rd masculine plural suffix - to them", "*wa-ʿăbadtām*": "conjunction + Qal perfect, 2nd masculine singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix - and serve them", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which", "*ḥālaq*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - allotted", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*ʾĕlōhêkā*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your God", "*ʾōtām*": "direct object marker with 3rd masculine plural suffix - them", "*lə-kōl*": "preposition + noun - to all", "*hā-ʿammîm*": "definite article + masculine plural noun - the peoples", "*taḥat*": "preposition - under", "*kol-ha-šāmāyim*": "construct chain: noun + definite article + masculine plural noun - all the heavens" }, "variants": { "*pen*": "lest/that not/beware that not", "*tiśśāʾ*": "lift up/raise/look up", "*ʿênêkā*": "your eyes/your sight", "*šāmaymāh*": "heavenward/toward the sky", "*rāʾîtā*": "see/observe/behold", "*šemeš*": "sun/solar body", "*yārēaḥ*": "moon/lunar body", "*kôkābîm*": "stars/celestial bodies", "*ṣəbāʾ*": "host/army/multitude", "*niddaḥtā*": "be drawn away/be impelled/be led astray", "*hištaḥăwîtā*": "bow down/prostrate yourself/worship", "*ʿăbadtām*": "serve them/worship them", "*ḥālaq*": "allotted/apportioned/assigned", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "God/gods/divine beings", "*ʿammîm*": "peoples/nations", "*taḥat*": "under/beneath" } }

Verse 20

{ "verseID": "Deuteronomy.4.20", "source": "וְאֶתְכֶם֙ לָקַ֣ח יְהוָ֔ה וַיּוֹצִ֥א אֶתְכֶ֛ם מִכּ֥וּר הַבַּרְזֶ֖ל מִמִּצְרָ֑יִם לִהְי֥וֹת ל֛וֹ לְעַ֥ם נַחֲלָ֖ה כַּיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃", "text": "*wə-ʾetkem lāqaḥ YHWH wa-yyôṣîʾ ʾetkem mi-kkûr ha-barzel mi-mmiṣrāyim li-hyôt lô lə-ʿam naḥălāh ka-yyôm ha-zzeh*.", "grammar": { "*wə-ʾetkem*": "conjunction + direct object marker with 2nd masculine plural suffix - and you", "*lāqaḥ*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - took", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*wa-yyôṣîʾ*": "conjunction + Hiphil imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - and brought out", "*ʾetkem*": "direct object marker with 2nd masculine plural suffix - you", "*mi-kkûr*": "preposition + masculine singular construct noun - from furnace of", "*ha-barzel*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the iron", "*mi-mmiṣrāyim*": "preposition + proper noun - from Egypt", "*li-hyôt*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - to be", "*lô*": "preposition with 3rd masculine singular suffix - to him", "*lə-ʿam*": "preposition + masculine singular noun - for a people of", "*naḥălāh*": "feminine singular noun - inheritance", "*ka-yyôm*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun - as the day", "*ha-zzeh*": "definite article + demonstrative adjective - the this/present" }, "variants": { "*lāqaḥ*": "took/received/selected", "*yôṣîʾ*": "brought out/led out/delivered", "*kûr*": "furnace/crucible/melting pot", "*barzel*": "iron/iron ore", "*miṣrāyim*": "Egypt/land of Egypt", "*hyôt*": "to be/to become/to exist", "*ʿam*": "people/nation/community", "*naḥălāh*": "inheritance/heritage/possession", "*yôm*": "day/time/period", "*zeh*": "this/present" } }

Verse 21

{ "verseID": "Deuteronomy.4.21", "source": "וַֽיהוָ֥ה הִתְאַנֶּף־בִּ֖י עַל־דִּבְרֵיכֶ֑ם וַיִּשָּׁבַ֗ע לְבִלְתִּ֤י עָבְרִי֙ אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּ֔ן וּלְבִלְתִּי־בֹא֙ אֶל־הָאָ֣רֶץ הַטּוֹבָ֔ה אֲשֶׁר֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ נֹתֵ֥ן לְךָ֖ נַחֲלָֽה׃", "text": "*wa-YHWH hitʾannep-bî ʿal-dibrêkem wa-yyiššābaʿ lə-biltî ʿobrî ʾet-ha-yyardēn û-lə-biltî-bōʾ ʾel-hā-ʾāreṣ ha-ṭṭôbāh ʾăšer YHWH ʾĕlōhêkā nōtēn ləkā naḥălāh*.", "grammar": { "*wa-YHWH*": "conjunction + proper noun - and LORD/Yahweh", "*hitʾannep*": "Hithpael perfect, 3rd masculine singular - was angry", "*bî*": "preposition with 1st person singular suffix - with me", "*ʿal-dibrêkem*": "preposition + masculine plural noun with 2nd masculine plural suffix - because of your words", "*wa-yyiššābaʿ*": "conjunction + Niphal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - and swore", "*lə-biltî*": "preposition + conjunction - to not", "*ʿobrî*": "Qal infinitive construct with 1st person singular suffix - my crossing", "*ʾet-ha-yyardēn*": "direct object marker + definite article + proper noun - the Jordan", "*û-lə-biltî-bōʾ*": "conjunction + preposition + conjunction + Qal infinitive construct - and to not enter", "*ʾel-hā-ʾāreṣ*": "preposition + definite article + feminine singular noun - to the land", "*ha-ṭṭôbāh*": "definite article + feminine singular adjective - the good", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*ʾĕlōhêkā*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your God", "*nōtēn*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - giving", "*ləkā*": "preposition with 2nd masculine singular suffix - to you", "*naḥălāh*": "feminine singular noun - inheritance" }, "variants": { "*hitʾannep*": "was angry/became furious/was wrathful", "*dibrêkem*": "your words/your matters/your affairs", "*yiššābaʿ*": "swore/vowed/took an oath", "*biltî*": "not/without/except", "*ʿobrî*": "my crossing/my passing over", "*yardēn*": "Jordan/Jordan River", "*bōʾ*": "enter/come/go in", "*ʾāreṣ*": "land/country/territory", "*ṭôbāh*": "good/pleasant/agreeable", "*nōtēn*": "giving/granting/bestowing", "*naḥălāh*": "inheritance/heritage/possession" } }

Verse 22

{ "verseID": "Deuteronomy.4.22", "source": "כִּ֣י אָנֹכִ֥י מֵת֙ בָּאָ֣רֶץ הַזֹּ֔את אֵינֶ֥נִּי עֹבֵ֖ר אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּ֑ן וְאַתֶּם֙ עֹֽבְרִ֔ים וִֽירִשְׁתֶּ֕ם אֶת־הָאָ֥רֶץ הַטּוֹבָ֖ה הַזֹּֽאת׃", "text": "*kî ʾānōkî mēt bā-ʾāreṣ ha-zzōʾt ʾênennî ʿōbēr ʾet-ha-yyardēn wə-ʾattem ʿōbərîm wî-rištem ʾet-hā-ʾāreṣ ha-ṭṭôbāh ha-zzōʾt*.", "grammar": { "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*ʾānōkî*": "1st person singular pronoun - I", "*mēt*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - dying", "*bā-ʾāreṣ*": "preposition + definite article + feminine singular noun - in the land", "*ha-zzōʾt*": "definite article + demonstrative adjective, feminine singular - the this", "*ʾênennî*": "negative particle with 1st person singular suffix - I am not", "*ʿōbēr*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - crossing over", "*ʾet-ha-yyardēn*": "direct object marker + definite article + proper noun - the Jordan", "*wə-ʾattem*": "conjunction + 2nd masculine plural pronoun - and you", "*ʿōbərîm*": "Qal participle, masculine plural - crossing over", "*wî-rištem*": "conjunction + Qal perfect, 2nd masculine plural - and you will possess", "*ʾet-hā-ʾāreṣ*": "direct object marker + definite article + feminine singular noun - the land", "*ha-ṭṭôbāh*": "definite article + feminine singular adjective - the good", "*ha-zzōʾt*": "definite article + demonstrative adjective, feminine singular - the this" }, "variants": { "*ʾānōkî*": "I/I myself", "*mēt*": "dying/about to die", "*ʾāreṣ*": "land/country/territory", "*ʾênennî*": "I am not/I will not", "*ʿōbēr*": "crossing over/passing over", "*yardēn*": "Jordan/Jordan River", "*ʿōbərîm*": "crossing over/passing over", "*rištem*": "will possess/will inherit/will take possession of", "*ṭôbāh*": "good/pleasant/agreeable", "*zōʾt*": "this/the present" } }

Verse 23

{ "verseID": "Deuteronomy.4.23", "source": "הִשָּׁמְר֣וּ לָכֶ֗ם פֶּֽן־תִּשְׁכְּחוּ֙ אֶת־בְּרִ֤ית יְהוָה֙ אֱלֹ֣הֵיכֶ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר כָּרַ֖ת עִמָּכֶ֑ם וַעֲשִׂיתֶ֨ם לָכֶ֥ם פֶּ֙סֶל֙ תְּמ֣וּנַת כֹּ֔ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר צִוְּךָ֖ יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶֽיךָ׃", "text": "*hiššāmərû lākem pen-tiškəḥû ʾet-bərît YHWH ʾĕlōhêkem ʾăšer kārat ʿimmākem wa-ʿăśîtem lākem pesel təmûnat kōl ʾăšer ṣiwwəkā YHWH ʾĕlōhêkā*.", "grammar": { "*hiššāmərû*": "Niphal imperative, 2nd masculine plural - take heed/be careful", "*lākem*": "preposition with 2nd masculine plural suffix - to/for yourselves", "*pen*": "conjunction - lest", "*tiškəḥû*": "Qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you forget", "*ʾet-bərît*": "direct object marker + feminine singular construct noun - the covenant of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*ʾĕlōhêkem*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd masculine plural suffix - your God", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which", "*kārat*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he cut/made", "*ʿimmākem*": "preposition with 2nd masculine plural suffix - with you", "*wa-ʿăśîtem*": "conjunction + Qal perfect, 2nd masculine plural - and make", "*lākem*": "preposition with 2nd masculine plural suffix - for yourselves", "*pesel*": "masculine singular noun - carved image/idol", "*təmûnat*": "feminine singular construct noun - likeness of", "*kōl*": "noun - all/any", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which", "*ṣiwwəkā*": "Piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular with 2nd masculine singular suffix - commanded you", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*ʾĕlōhêkā*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your God" }, "variants": { "*hiššāmərû*": "take heed/be careful/guard yourselves", "*pen*": "lest/that not/beware", "*tiškəḥû*": "forget/neglect/cease to care", "*bərît*": "covenant/agreement/treaty", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "God/gods/divine beings", "*kārat*": "cut/made/established", "*ʿimmākem*": "with you/among you", "*ʿăśîtem*": "make/fashion/create", "*pesel*": "carved image/idol/sculpture", "*təmûnat*": "likeness/form/representation", "*ṣiwwəkā*": "commanded you/ordered you/instructed you" } }

Verse 25

{ "verseID": "Deuteronomy.4.25", "source": "כִּֽי־תוֹלִ֤יד בָּנִים֙ וּבְנֵ֣י בָנִ֔ים וְנוֹשַׁנְתֶּ֖ם בָּאָ֑רֶץ וְהִשְׁחַתֶּ֗ם וַעֲשִׂ֤יתֶם פֶּ֙סֶל֙ תְּמ֣וּנַת כֹּ֔ל וַעֲשִׂיתֶ֥ם הָרַ֛ע בְּעֵינֵ֥י יְהוָֽה־אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ לְהַכְעִיסֽוֹ׃", "text": "*kî-tôlîd bānîm û-bənê bānîm wə-nôšantem bā-ʾāreṣ wə-hišḥattem wa-ʿăśîtem pesel təmûnat kōl wa-ʿăśîtem hā-raʿ bə-ʿênê YHWH-ʾĕlōhêkā lə-hakʿîsô*.", "grammar": { "*kî*": "conjunction - when", "*tôlîd*": "Hiphil imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you beget", "*bānîm*": "masculine plural noun - children/sons", "*û-bənê*": "conjunction + masculine plural construct noun - and children of", "*bānîm*": "masculine plural noun - children/sons", "*wə-nôšantem*": "conjunction + Niphal perfect, 2nd masculine plural - and you grow old", "*bā-ʾāreṣ*": "preposition + definite article + feminine singular noun - in the land", "*wə-hišḥattem*": "conjunction + Hiphil perfect, 2nd masculine plural - and you act corruptly", "*wa-ʿăśîtem*": "conjunction + Qal perfect, 2nd masculine plural - and make", "*pesel*": "masculine singular noun - carved image/idol", "*təmûnat*": "feminine singular construct noun - likeness of", "*kōl*": "noun - all/any", "*wa-ʿăśîtem*": "conjunction + Qal perfect, 2nd masculine plural - and do", "*hā-raʿ*": "definite article + masculine singular adjective - the evil", "*bə-ʿênê*": "preposition + common dual construct noun - in eyes of", "*YHWH-ʾĕlōhêkā*": "proper noun + masculine plural noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - LORD your God", "*lə-hakʿîsô*": "preposition + Hiphil infinitive construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - to provoke him" }, "variants": { "*tôlîd*": "beget/father/bring forth", "*bānîm*": "sons/children/descendants", "*nôšantem*": "grow old/become settled/remain long", "*ʾāreṣ*": "land/country/territory", "*hišḥattem*": "act corruptly/deal corruptly/ruin", "*ʿăśîtem*": "make/fashion/create", "*pesel*": "carved image/idol/sculpture", "*təmûnat*": "likeness/form/representation", "*raʿ*": "evil/bad/displeasing", "*ʿênê*": "eyes/sight", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "God/gods/divine beings", "*hakʿîsô*": "provoke him/anger him/vex him" } }

Verse 26

{ "verseID": "Deuteronomy.4.26", "source": "הַעִידֹתִי֩ בָכֶ֨ם הַיּ֜וֹם אֶת־הַשָּׁמַ֣יִם וְאֶת־הָאָ֗רֶץ כִּֽי־אָבֹ֣ד תֹּאבֵדוּן֮ מַהֵר֒ מֵעַ֣ל הָאָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֨ר אַתֶּ֜ם עֹבְרִ֧ים אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּ֛ן שָׁ֖מָּה לְרִשְׁתָּ֑הּ לֹֽא־תַאֲרִיכֻ֤ן יָמִים֙ עָלֶ֔יהָ כִּ֥י הִשָּׁמֵ֖ד תִּשָּׁמֵדֽוּן׃", "text": "*haʿîdōtî bākem ha-yyôm ʾet-ha-ššāmayim wə-ʾet-hā-ʾāreṣ kî-ʾābōd tōʾbēdûn mahēr mē-ʿal hā-ʾāreṣ ʾăšer ʾattem ʿōbərîm ʾet-ha-yyardēn šāmmāh lə-rištāh lōʾ-taʾărîkun yāmîm ʿālêhā kî hiššāmēd tiššāmēdûn*.", "grammar": { "*haʿîdōtî*": "Hiphil perfect, 1st common singular - I call to witness", "*bākem*": "preposition with 2nd masculine plural suffix - against you", "*ha-yyôm*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the day/today", "*ʾet-ha-ššāmayim*": "direct object marker + definite article + masculine plural noun - the heavens", "*wə-ʾet-hā-ʾāreṣ*": "conjunction + direct object marker + definite article + feminine singular noun - and the earth", "*kî*": "conjunction - that", "*ʾābōd tōʾbēdûn*": "Qal infinitive absolute + Qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - utterly perish", "*mahēr*": "adverb - quickly", "*mē-ʿal*": "preposition + preposition - from upon", "*hā-ʾāreṣ*": "definite article + feminine singular noun - the land", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which", "*ʾattem*": "2nd masculine plural pronoun - you", "*ʿōbərîm*": "Qal participle, masculine plural - crossing over", "*ʾet-ha-yyardēn*": "direct object marker + definite article + proper noun - the Jordan", "*šāmmāh*": "adverb - there", "*lə-rištāh*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct with 3rd feminine singular suffix - to possess it", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*taʾărîkun*": "Hiphil imperfect, 2nd masculine plural + paragogic nun - you will prolong", "*yāmîm*": "masculine plural noun - days", "*ʿālêhā*": "preposition with 3rd feminine singular suffix - on it", "*kî*": "conjunction - but/for", "*hiššāmēd tiššāmēdûn*": "Niphal infinitive absolute + Niphal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - utterly be destroyed" }, "variants": { "*haʿîdōtî*": "call to witness/testify against/warn", "*yôm*": "day/today", "*šāmayim*": "heavens/sky", "*ʾāreṣ*": "earth/land", "*ʾābōd tōʾbēdûn*": "surely perish/utterly be destroyed/completely vanish", "*mahēr*": "quickly/speedily/soon", "*ʿōbərîm*": "crossing over/passing over", "*yardēn*": "Jordan/Jordan River", "*rištāh*": "possess it/inherit it/take ownership of it", "*taʾărîkun*": "prolong/extend/lengthen", "*yāmîm*": "days/time", "*hiššāmēd tiššāmēdûn*": "be utterly destroyed/be completely annihilated" } }

Verse 27

{ "verseID": "Deuteronomy.4.27", "source": "וְהֵפִ֧יץ יְהוָ֛ה אֶתְכֶ֖ם בָּעַמִּ֑ים וְנִשְׁאַרְתֶּם֙ מְתֵ֣י מִסְפָּ֔ר בַּגּוֹיִ֕ם אֲשֶׁ֨ר יְנַהֵ֧ג יְהוָ֛ה אֶתְכֶ֖ם שָֽׁמָּה׃", "text": "*wə-hēpîṣ YHWH ʾetkem bā-ʿammîm wə-nišʾartem mətê mispār ba-ggôyim ʾăšer yənahēg YHWH ʾetkem šāmmāh*.", "grammar": { "*wə-hēpîṣ*": "conjunction + Hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and scatter", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*ʾetkem*": "direct object marker with 2nd masculine plural suffix - you", "*bā-ʿammîm*": "preposition + definite article + masculine plural noun - among the peoples", "*wə-nišʾartem*": "conjunction + Niphal perfect, 2nd masculine plural - and you will be left", "*mətê*": "masculine plural construct noun - men of/few", "*mispār*": "masculine singular noun - number", "*ba-ggôyim*": "preposition + definite article + masculine plural noun - among the nations", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which", "*yənahēg*": "Piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - will lead", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*ʾetkem*": "direct object marker with 2nd masculine plural suffix - you", "*šāmmāh*": "adverb - there" }, "variants": { "*hēpîṣ*": "scatter/disperse/spread abroad", "*ʿammîm*": "peoples/nations", "*nišʾartem*": "be left/remain/be spared", "*mətê mispār*": "few in number/small group/handful", "*gôyim*": "nations/peoples/gentiles", "*yənahēg*": "lead/drive/guide", "*šāmmāh*": "there/to that place" } }

Verse 28

{ "verseID": "Deuteronomy.4.28", "source": "וַעֲבַדְתֶּם־שָׁ֣ם אֱלֹהִ֔ים מַעֲשֵׂ֖ה יְדֵ֣י אָדָ֑ם עֵ֣ץ וָאֶ֔בֶן אֲשֶׁ֤ר לֹֽא־יִרְאוּן֙ וְלֹ֣א יִשְׁמְע֔וּן וְלֹ֥א יֹֽאכְל֖וּן וְלֹ֥א יְרִיחֻֽן׃", "text": "*wəʿăḇaḏtem*-there *ʾĕlōhîm*, *maʿăśēh* *yəḏê* *ʾāḏām*, *ʿēṣ* and-*ʾeḇen*, which not-*yirʾûn* and-not *yišməʿûn* and-not *yōʾḵəlûn* and-not *yərîḥun*.", "grammar": { "*wəʿăḇaḏtem*": "waw consecutive + verb, Qal perfect, 2nd person masculine plural - and you will serve", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "masculine plural noun - gods/deities", "*maʿăśēh*": "construct state, masculine singular noun - work/product of", "*yəḏê*": "construct state, feminine dual noun - hands of", "*ʾāḏām*": "masculine singular noun - man/mankind", "*ʿēṣ*": "masculine singular noun - wood/tree", "*ʾeḇen*": "feminine singular noun - stone", "*yirʾûn*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they see", "*yišməʿûn*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they hear", "*yōʾḵəlûn*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they eat", "*yərîḥun*": "verb, Hiphil imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they smell" }, "variants": { "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "gods/deities/divine beings (plural form)", "*maʿăśēh*": "work/product/handiwork", "*ʿēṣ*": "wood/tree/timber", "*ʾeḇen*": "stone/rock" } }

Verse 30

{ "verseID": "Deuteronomy.4.30", "source": "בַּצַּ֣ר לְךָ֔ וּמְצָא֕וּךָ כֹּ֖ל הַדְּבָרִ֣ים הָאֵ֑לֶּה בְּאַחֲרִית֙ הַיָּמִ֔ים וְשַׁבְתָּ֙ עַד־יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ וְשָׁמַעְתָּ֖ בְּקֹלֽוֹ׃", "text": "In-the-*ṣar* to-you, *ûməṣāʾûḵā* all the-*dəḇārîm* the-*ʾēlleh* in-*ʾaḥărîṯ* the-*yāmîm*, *wəšaḇtā* to-*YHWH* *ʾĕlōheḵā* *wəšāmaʿtā* in-*qōlô*.", "grammar": { "*ṣar*": "masculine singular noun, Qal participle - distress/tribulation", "*ûməṣāʾûḵā*": "waw consecutive + verb, Qal perfect, 3rd person common plural with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - and they will find you", "*dəḇārîm*": "masculine plural noun - words/things", "*ʾēlleh*": "demonstrative adjective - these", "*ʾaḥărîṯ*": "feminine singular construct noun - latter end/future of", "*yāmîm*": "masculine plural noun - days", "*wəšaḇtā*": "waw consecutive + verb, Qal perfect, 2nd person masculine singular - and you will return", "*ʾĕlōheḵā*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your God", "*wəšāmaʿtā*": "waw consecutive + verb, Qal perfect, 2nd person masculine singular - and you will listen/obey", "*qōlô*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his voice" }, "variants": { "*ṣar*": "distress/trouble/adversity/narrow place", "*məṣāʾûḵā*": "to find/encounter/reach/befall", "*dəḇārîm*": "words/matters/things/events", "*ʾaḥărîṯ*": "latter end/future/outcome/posterity", "*yāmîm*": "days/time/years", "*wəšaḇtā*": "to return/turn back/repent", "*wəšāmaʿtā*": "to hear/listen/obey", "*qōlô*": "voice/sound/utterance" } }

Verse 31

{ "verseID": "Deuteronomy.4.31", "source": "כִּ֣י אֵ֤ל רַחוּם֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ לֹ֥א יַרְפְּךָ֖ וְלֹ֣א יַשְׁחִיתֶ֑ךָ וְלֹ֤א יִשְׁכַּח֙ אֶת־בְּרִ֣ית אֲבֹתֶ֔יךָ אֲשֶׁ֥ר נִשְׁבַּ֖ע לָהֶֽם׃", "text": "For *ʾēl* *raḥûm* *YHWH* *ʾĕlōheḵā*, not *yarpəḵā* and-not *yašḥîṯeḵā*, and-not *yiškaḥ* *ʾet*-*bərîṯ* *ʾăḇōṯeḵā* which *nišbaʿ* to-them.", "grammar": { "*ʾēl*": "masculine singular noun - God/deity/mighty one", "*raḥûm*": "adjective, masculine singular - compassionate/merciful", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*ʾĕlōheḵā*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your God", "*yarpəḵā*": "verb, Hiphil imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - he will abandon you", "*yašḥîṯeḵā*": "verb, Hiphil imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - he will destroy you", "*yiškaḥ*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he will forget", "*bərîṯ*": "feminine singular construct noun - covenant of", "*ʾăḇōṯeḵā*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your fathers", "*nišbaʿ*": "verb, Niphal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he swore" }, "variants": { "*ʾēl*": "God/deity/mighty one/power", "*raḥûm*": "compassionate/merciful/full of compassion", "*yarpəḵā*": "to abandon/let go/forsake", "*yašḥîṯeḵā*": "to destroy/ruin/corrupt", "*yiškaḥ*": "to forget/ignore/neglect", "*bərîṯ*": "covenant/treaty/alliance", "*ʾăḇōṯeḵā*": "fathers/ancestors/forefathers", "*nišbaʿ*": "to swear/take an oath/pledge" } }

Verse 32

{ "verseID": "Deuteronomy.4.32", "source": "כִּ֣י שְׁאַל־נָא֩ לְיָמִ֨ים רִֽאשֹׁנִ֜ים אֲשֶׁר־הָי֣וּ לְפָנֶ֗יךָ לְמִן־הַיּוֹם֙ אֲשֶׁר֩ בָּרָ֨א אֱלֹהִ֤ים ׀ אָדָם֙ עַל־הָאָ֔רֶץ וּלְמִקְצֵ֥ה הַשָּׁמַ֖יִם וְעַד־קְצֵ֣ה הַשָּׁמָ֑יִם הֲנִֽהְיָ֗ה כַּדָּבָ֤ר הַגָּדוֹל֙ הַזֶּ֔ה א֖וֹ הֲנִשְׁמַ֥ע כָּמֹֽהוּ׃", "text": "For *šəʾal*-*nāʾ* for-*yāmîm* *rîʾšōnîm* which-*hāyû* before-you, from-from-the-*yôm* which *bārāʾ* *ʾĕlōhîm* *ʾāḏām* upon-the-*ʾāreṣ* and-from-*qeṣēh* the-*šāmayim* and-to-*qeṣēh* the-*šāmayim*, *hănihyāh* like-the-*dāḇār* the-*gāḏôl* the-this, or *hănišmaʿ* like-it?", "grammar": { "*šəʾal*": "verb, Qal imperative, masculine singular - ask", "*nāʾ*": "particle of entreaty - please/now", "*yāmîm*": "masculine plural noun - days", "*rîʾšōnîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - former/early/first", "*hāyû*": "verb, Qal perfect, 3rd person common plural - they were", "*yôm*": "masculine singular noun - day", "*bārāʾ*": "verb, Qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he created", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "masculine plural noun - God/gods", "*ʾāḏām*": "masculine singular noun - man/mankind", "*ʾāreṣ*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - the earth/land", "*qeṣēh*": "masculine singular construct noun - end of/edge of", "*šāmayim*": "masculine dual noun with definite article - the heavens", "*hănihyāh*": "interrogative particle + verb, Niphal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - has it happened?", "*dāḇār*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the word/thing", "*gāḏôl*": "adjective, masculine singular with definite article - the great", "*hănišmaʿ*": "interrogative particle + verb, Niphal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - has it been heard?" }, "variants": { "*šəʾal*": "to ask/inquire/request", "*yāmîm*": "days/period of time", "*rîʾšōnîm*": "former/first/ancient/earliest", "*bārāʾ*": "to create/shape/form", "*ʾāḏām*": "man/mankind/humanity", "*ʾāreṣ*": "earth/land/ground/territory", "*qeṣēh*": "extremity/end/edge/border", "*šāmayim*": "heavens/sky/firmament", "*dāḇār*": "word/thing/matter/event", "*gāḏôl*": "great/large/important/significant" } }

Verse 34

{ "verseID": "Deuteronomy.4.34", "source": "א֣וֹ ׀ הֲנִסָּ֣ה אֱלֹהִ֗ים לָ֠בוֹא לָקַ֨חַת ל֣וֹ גוֹי֮ מִקֶּ֣רֶב גּוֹי֒ בְּמַסֹּת֩ בְּאֹתֹ֨ת וּבְמוֹפְתִ֜ים וּבְמִלְחָמָ֗ה וּבְיָ֤ד חֲזָקָה֙ וּבִזְר֣וֹעַ נְטוּיָ֔ה וּבְמוֹרָאִ֖ים גְּדֹלִ֑ים כְּ֠כֹל אֲשֶׁר־עָשָׂ֨ה לָכֶ֜ם יְהוָ֧ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֛ם בְּמִצְרַ֖יִם לְעֵינֶֽיךָ׃", "text": "Or *hănissāh* *ʾĕlōhîm* *lāḇôʾ* *lāqaḥaṯ* to-him *gôy* from-*qereḇ* *gôy* by-*massōṯ* by-*ʾōṯōṯ* and-by-*môp̄əṯîm* and-by-*milḥāmāh* and-by-*yāḏ* *ḥăzāqāh* and-by-*zərôaʿ* *nəṭûyāh* and-by-*môrāʾîm* *gəḏōlîm*, like-all which-*ʿāśāh* for-you(plural) *YHWH* *ʾĕlōhêḵem* in-*miṣrayim* to-*ʿêneḵā*?", "grammar": { "*hănissāh*": "interrogative particle + verb, Piel perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - has attempted?", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "masculine plural noun - God/gods", "*lāḇôʾ*": "preposition + verb, Qal infinitive construct - to come", "*lāqaḥaṯ*": "preposition + verb, Qal infinitive construct - to take", "*gôy*": "masculine singular noun - nation", "*qereḇ*": "masculine singular construct - midst of", "*massōṯ*": "feminine plural noun - trials/testings", "*ʾōṯōṯ*": "masculine plural noun - signs", "*môp̄əṯîm*": "masculine plural noun - wonders/miracles", "*milḥāmāh*": "feminine singular noun - war/battle", "*yāḏ*": "feminine singular noun - hand", "*ḥăzāqāh*": "adjective, feminine singular - strong", "*zərôaʿ*": "feminine singular noun - arm", "*nəṭûyāh*": "adjective, feminine singular - outstretched", "*môrāʾîm*": "masculine plural noun - fears/terrors", "*gəḏōlîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - great", "*ʿāśāh*": "verb, Qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he did/made", "*ʾĕlōhêḵem*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your God", "*miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt", "*ʿêneḵā*": "feminine dual noun with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your eyes" }, "variants": { "*nissāh*": "to test/try/attempt", "*lāḇôʾ*": "to come/enter/arrive", "*lāqaḥaṯ*": "to take/get/fetch", "*gôy*": "nation/people/gentiles", "*qereḇ*": "midst/among/within", "*massōṯ*": "trials/tests/temptations", "*ʾōṯōṯ*": "signs/tokens/omens", "*môp̄əṯîm*": "wonders/miracles/portents", "*milḥāmāh*": "war/battle/fighting", "*yāḏ*": "hand/power/means", "*ḥăzāqāh*": "strong/mighty/firm", "*zərôaʿ*": "arm/strength/power", "*nəṭûyāh*": "outstretched/extended", "*môrāʾîm*": "fears/terrors/dreadful acts", "*ʿāśāh*": "to do/make/accomplish" } }

Verse 36

{ "verseID": "Deuteronomy.4.36", "source": "מִן־הַשָּׁמַ֛יִם הִשְׁמִֽיעֲךָ֥ אֶת־קֹל֖וֹ לְיַסְּרֶ֑ךָּ וְעַל־הָאָ֗רֶץ הֶרְאֲךָ֙ אֶת־אִשּׁ֣וֹ הַגְּדוֹלָ֔ה וּדְבָרָ֥יו שָׁמַ֖עְתָּ מִתּ֥וֹךְ הָאֵֽשׁ׃", "text": "From-the-*šāmayim* *hišmîʿăḵā* *ʾet*-*qōlô* *ləyassəreḵā*, and-upon-the-*ʾāreṣ* *herʾăḵā* *ʾet*-*ʾiššô* the-*gəḏôlāh*, and-*ḏəḇārāyw* *šāmaʿtā* from-midst the-*ʾēš*.", "grammar": { "*šāmayim*": "masculine dual noun with definite article - the heavens", "*hišmîʿăḵā*": "verb, Hiphil perfect, 3rd person masculine singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - he caused you to hear", "*qōlô*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his voice", "*ləyassəreḵā*": "preposition + verb, Piel infinitive construct with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - to discipline you", "*ʾāreṣ*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - the earth", "*herʾăḵā*": "verb, Hiphil perfect, 3rd person masculine singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - he showed you", "*ʾiššô*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his fire", "*gəḏôlāh*": "adjective, feminine singular with definite article - the great", "*ḏəḇārāyw*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his words", "*šāmaʿtā*": "verb, Qal perfect, 2nd person masculine singular - you heard", "*ʾēš*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - the fire" }, "variants": { "*šāmayim*": "heavens/sky/firmament", "*hišmîʿăḵā*": "to cause to hear/make hear/announce to", "*qōlô*": "voice/sound/thunder", "*ləyassəreḵā*": "to discipline/instruct/chastise", "*ʾāreṣ*": "earth/land/ground", "*herʾăḵā*": "to show/cause to see/reveal to", "*ʾiššô*": "his fire/flame", "*gəḏôlāh*": "great/large/important", "*ḏəḇārāyw*": "his words/sayings/commands" } }

Verse 37

{ "verseID": "Deuteronomy.4.37", "source": "וְתַ֗חַת כִּ֤י אָהַב֙ אֶת־אֲבֹתֶ֔יךָ וַיִּבְחַ֥ר בְּזַרְע֖וֹ אַחֲרָ֑יו וַיּוֹצִֽאֲךָ֧ בְּפָנָ֛יו בְּכֹח֥וֹ הַגָּדֹ֖ל מִמִּצְרָֽיִם׃", "text": "And-*ṯaḥaṯ* because *ʾāhaḇ* *ʾet*-*ʾăḇōṯeḵā* *wayyiḇḥar* in-*zarʿô* after-him, *wayyôṣîʾăḵā* with-*p̄ānāyw* with-*kōḥô* the-*gāḏōl* from-*miṣrayim*.", "grammar": { "*ṯaḥaṯ*": "preposition - under/beneath/instead of", "*ʾāhaḇ*": "verb, Qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he loved", "*ʾăḇōṯeḵā*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your fathers", "*wayyiḇḥar*": "waw consecutive + verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and he chose", "*zarʿô*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his seed/offspring", "*wayyôṣîʾăḵā*": "waw consecutive + verb, Hiphil imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - and he brought you out", "*p̄ānāyw*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his face/presence", "*kōḥô*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his strength", "*gāḏōl*": "adjective, masculine singular with definite article - the great", "*miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt" }, "variants": { "*ṯaḥaṯ*": "under/beneath/instead of/because", "*ʾāhaḇ*": "to love/like/be fond of", "*ʾăḇōṯeḵā*": "your fathers/ancestors/forefathers", "*wayyiḇḥar*": "to choose/select/elect", "*zarʿô*": "his seed/offspring/descendants/posterity", "*wayyôṣîʾăḵā*": "to bring out/lead out/take out", "*p̄ānāyw*": "his face/presence/person", "*kōḥô*": "his strength/power/might", "*gāḏōl*": "great/large/mighty" } }

Verse 38

{ "verseID": "Deuteronomy.4.38", "source": "לְהוֹרִ֗ישׁ גּוֹיִ֛ם גְּדֹלִ֧ים וַעֲצֻמִ֛ים מִמְּךָ֖ מִפָּנֶ֑יךָ לַהֲבִֽיאֲךָ֗ לָֽתֶת־לְךָ֧ אֶת־אַרְצָ֛ם נַחֲלָ֖ה כַּיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃", "text": "*ləhôrîš* *gôyim* *gəḏōlîm* *waʿăṣumîm* from-you from-*pāneḵā*, *lahăḇîʾăḵā*, *lāṯeṯ*-to-you *ʾet*-*ʾarṣām* *naḥălāh* as-the-*yôm* the-this.", "grammar": { "*ləhôrîš*": "preposition + verb, Hiphil infinitive construct - to dispossess", "*gôyim*": "masculine plural noun - nations", "*gəḏōlîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - great", "*waʿăṣumîm*": "conjunction + adjective, masculine plural - and mighty", "*pāneḵā*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your face/presence", "*lahăḇîʾăḵā*": "preposition + verb, Hiphil infinitive construct with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - to bring you", "*lāṯeṯ*": "preposition + verb, Qal infinitive construct - to give", "*ʾarṣām*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their land", "*naḥălāh*": "feminine singular noun - inheritance", "*yôm*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the day" }, "variants": { "*ləhôrîš*": "to dispossess/drive out/take possession of", "*gôyim*": "nations/peoples/gentiles", "*gəḏōlîm*": "great/large/important", "*waʿăṣumîm*": "mighty/strong/numerous", "*pāneḵā*": "your face/presence/person", "*lahăḇîʾăḵā*": "to bring you in/lead you in", "*lāṯeṯ*": "to give/grant/bestow", "*ʾarṣām*": "their land/territory/country", "*naḥălāh*": "inheritance/possession/property" } }

Verse 39

{ "verseID": "Deuteronomy.4.39", "source": "וְיָדַעְתָּ֣ הַיּ֗וֹם וַהֲשֵׁבֹתָ֮ אֶל־לְבָבֶךָ֒ כִּ֤י יְהוָה֙ ה֣וּא הָֽאֱלֹהִ֔ים בַּשָּׁמַ֣יִם מִמַּ֔עַל וְעַל־הָאָ֖רֶץ מִתָּ֑חַת אֵ֖ין עֽוֹד׃", "text": "*wəyāḏaʿtā* the-*yôm* *wahăšēḇōṯā* to-*ləḇāḇeḵā* that *YHWH* he the-*ʾĕlōhîm* in-the-*šāmayim* from-above and-on-the-*ʾāreṣ* from-beneath; *ʾên* *ʿôḏ*.", "grammar": { "*wəyāḏaʿtā*": "waw consecutive + verb, Qal perfect, 2nd person masculine singular - and you shall know", "*yôm*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the day", "*wahăšēḇōṯā*": "waw consecutive + verb, Hiphil perfect, 2nd person masculine singular - and you shall bring back", "*ləḇāḇeḵā*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your heart", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "masculine plural noun with definite article - the God", "*šāmayim*": "masculine dual noun with definite article - the heavens", "*ʾāreṣ*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - the earth", "*ʾên*": "particle of negation - there is not", "*ʿôḏ*": "adverb - still/yet/again" }, "variants": { "*wəyāḏaʿtā*": "to know/understand/recognize", "*wahăšēḇōṯā*": "to bring back/return/consider", "*ləḇāḇeḵā*": "your heart/mind/inner being", "*šāmayim*": "heavens/sky/firmament", "*ʾāreṣ*": "earth/land/ground", "*ʾên*": "there is not/nothing/no", "*ʿôḏ*": "still/yet/besides/further" } }

Verse 40

{ "verseID": "Deuteronomy.4.40", "source": "וְשָׁמַרְתָּ֞ אֶת־חֻקָּ֣יו וְאֶת־מִצְוֺתָ֗יו אֲשֶׁ֨ר אָנֹכִ֤י מְצַוְּךָ֙ הַיּ֔וֹם אֲשֶׁר֙ יִיטַ֣ב לְךָ֔ וּלְבָנֶ֖יךָ אַחֲרֶ֑יךָ וּלְמַ֨עַן תַּאֲרִ֤יךְ יָמִים֙ עַל־הַ֣אֲדָמָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר יְהוָ֧ה אֱלֹהֶ֛יךָ נֹתֵ֥ן לְךָ֖ כָּל־הַיָּמִֽים׃ פ", "text": "*wəšāmartā* *ʾet*-*ḥuqqāyw* and-*ʾet*-*miṣwōṯāyw* which *ʾānōḵî* *məṣawwəḵā* the-*yôm*, which *yîṭaḇ* to-you and-to-*ḇāneḵā* after-you; and-so-that *taʾărîḵ* *yāmîm* upon-the-*ʾăḏāmāh* which *YHWH* *ʾĕlōheḵā* *nōṯēn* to-you all-the-*yāmîm*.", "grammar": { "*wəšāmartā*": "waw consecutive + verb, Qal perfect, 2nd person masculine singular - and you shall keep", "*ḥuqqāyw*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his statutes", "*miṣwōṯāyw*": "feminine plural noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his commandments", "*ʾānōḵî*": "1st person singular independent pronoun - I", "*məṣawwəḵā*": "verb, Piel participle, masculine singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - commanding you", "*yôm*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the day", "*yîṭaḇ*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - it will be well", "*ḇāneḵā*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your sons", "*taʾărîḵ*": "verb, Hiphil imperfect, 2nd person masculine singular - you will prolong", "*yāmîm*": "masculine plural noun - days", "*ʾăḏāmāh*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - the ground/land", "*ʾĕlōheḵā*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your God", "*nōṯēn*": "verb, Qal participle, masculine singular - giving", "*yāmîm*": "masculine plural noun with definite article - the days" }, "variants": { "*wəšāmartā*": "to keep/observe/guard", "*ḥuqqāyw*": "his statutes/decrees/ordinances", "*miṣwōṯāyw*": "his commandments/precepts/orders", "*məṣawwəḵā*": "commanding you/ordering you", "*yîṭaḇ*": "to be well/go well/be pleasing", "*ḇāneḵā*": "your sons/children/descendants", "*taʾărîḵ*": "to lengthen/prolong/extend", "*yāmîm*": "days/lifetime/time", "*ʾăḏāmāh*": "ground/land/earth/soil", "*nōṯēn*": "giving/granting/bestowing" } }

Verse 42

{ "verseID": "Deuteronomy.4.42", "source": "לָנֻ֨ס שָׁ֜מָּה רוֹצֵ֗חַ אֲשֶׁ֨ר יִרְצַ֤ח אֶת־רֵעֵ֙הוּ֙ בִּבְלִי־דַ֔עַת וְה֛וּא לֹא־שֹׂנֵ֥א ל֖וֹ מִתְּמ֣וֹל שִׁלְשׁ֑וֹם וְנָ֗ס אֶל־אַחַ֛ת מִן־הֶעָרִ֥ים הָאֵ֖ל וָחָֽי׃", "text": "For *lānûs* there *rôṣēaḥ* who *yirṣaḥ* *ʾet*-*rēʿēhû* in-without-*daʿat* and-he not-*śōnēʾ* to-him from-*təmôl* *šilšôm* and-*nās* to-one from-the-*ʿārîm* the-*ʾēl* and-*ḥāy*.", "grammar": { "*lānûs*": "infinitive construct with prefixed lamed - to flee/for fleeing", "*šāmmâ*": "adverb - there/to there", "*rôṣēaḥ*": "participle, masculine singular - murderer/killer/slayer", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - who/which/that", "*yirṣaḥ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he kills/will kill", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*rēʿēhû*": "noun masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his neighbor/fellow", "*biblî-daʿat*": "preposition + negation + noun - without knowledge/unintentionally", "*wə-hûʾ*": "conjunction + personal pronoun - and he", "*lōʾ-śōnēʾ*": "negation + participle masculine singular - not hating", "*lô*": "preposition with 3rd masculine singular suffix - to him", "*mittəmôl šilšôm*": "idiom - from yesterday and the day before/previously", "*wə-nās*": "conjunction + qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he flees", "*ʾel-ʾaḥat*": "preposition + feminine construct - to one of", "*min-heʿārîm*": "preposition + definite article + noun feminine plural - from the cities", "*hā-ʾēl*": "definite article + demonstrative - these", "*wā-ḥāy*": "conjunction + qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he shall live" }, "variants": { "*lānûs*": "to flee/to escape/to take refuge", "*rôṣēaḥ*": "murderer/manslayer/killer", "*yirṣaḥ*": "kills/murders/slays", "*rēʿēhû*": "his neighbor/his fellow/his friend", "*daʿat*": "knowledge/intention/awareness", "*śōnēʾ*": "hating/enemy/hostile", "*mittəmôl šilšôm*": "previously/beforehand/in the past", "*nās*": "flees/escapes/takes refuge", "*ʿārîm*": "cities/towns", "*ʾēl*": "these/those", "*ḥāy*": "lives/survives/remains alive" } }

Verse 43

{ "verseID": "Deuteronomy.4.43", "source": "אֶת־בֶּ֧צֶר בַּמִּדְבָּ֛ר בְּאֶ֥רֶץ הַמִּישֹׁ֖ר לָרֻֽאוּבֵנִ֑י וְאֶת־רָאמֹ֤ת בַּגִּלְעָד֙ לַגָּדִ֔י וְאֶת־גּוֹלָ֥ן בַּבָּשָׁ֖ן לַֽמְנַשִּֽׁי׃", "text": "*ʾet*-*Beṣer* in-the-*midbār* in-*ʾereṣ* the-*mîšōr* for-the-*Rĕʾûbēnî* and-*ʾet*-*Rāʾmōt* in-the-*Gilʿād* for-the-*Gādî* and-*ʾet*-*Gôlān* in-the-*Bāšān* for-the-*Mənaššî*.", "grammar": { "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*Beṣer*": "proper noun - name of city", "*ba-midbār*": "preposition + definite article + noun masculine singular - in the wilderness", "*bə-ʾereṣ*": "preposition + noun feminine construct - in the land of", "*ha-mîšōr*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the plain/tableland", "*lā-rĕʾûbēnî*": "preposition lamed + gentilic adjective masculine singular - for the Reubenite", "*wə-ʾet*": "conjunction + direct object marker", "*Rāʾmōt*": "proper noun - name of city", "*ba-gilʿād*": "preposition + definite article + proper noun - in Gilead", "*la-gādî*": "preposition lamed + gentilic adjective masculine singular - for the Gadite", "*Gôlān*": "proper noun - name of city", "*ba-bāšān*": "preposition + definite article + proper noun - in Bashan", "*la-mənaššî*": "preposition lamed + gentilic adjective masculine singular - for the Manassite" }, "variants": { "*midbār*": "wilderness/desert/uninhabited land", "*ʾereṣ*": "land/territory/ground", "*mîšōr*": "plain/level country/tableland", "*Rĕʾûbēnî*": "Reubenite/of Reuben tribe", "*Gilʿād*": "region east of Jordan", "*Gādî*": "Gadite/of Gad tribe", "*Bāšān*": "fertile region northeast of Sea of Galilee", "*Mənaššî*": "Manassite/of Manasseh tribe" } }

Verse 45

{ "verseID": "Deuteronomy.4.45", "source": "אֵ֚לֶּה הָֽעֵדֹ֔ת וְהַֽחֻקִּ֖ים וְהַמִּשְׁפָּטִ֑ים אֲשֶׁ֨ר דִּבֶּ֤ר מֹשֶׁה֙ אֶל־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל בְּצֵאתָ֖ם מִמִּצְרָֽיִם׃", "text": "These *hā-ʿēdōt* and-*ha-ḥuqqîm* and-*ha-mišpāṭîm* which *dibber* *Mōšeh* to-*bənê* *Yiśrāʾēl* in-*ṣēʾtām* from-*Miṣrāyim*.", "grammar": { "*ʾēlleh*": "demonstrative pronoun plural - these", "*hā-ʿēdōt*": "definite article + noun feminine plural - the testimonies", "*wə-ha-ḥuqqîm*": "conjunction + definite article + noun masculine plural - and the statutes", "*wə-ha-mišpāṭîm*": "conjunction + definite article + noun masculine plural - and the judgments", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that", "*dibber*": "piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he spoke", "*Mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses", "*ʾel-bənê*": "preposition + noun masculine plural construct - to sons/children of", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*bə-ṣēʾtām*": "preposition + infinitive construct + 3rd masculine plural suffix - in their going out", "*mi-miṣrāyim*": "preposition + proper noun - from Egypt" }, "variants": { "*ʿēdōt*": "testimonies/decrees/stipulations", "*ḥuqqîm*": "statutes/decrees/ordinances", "*mišpāṭîm*": "judgments/ordinances/regulations", "*dibber*": "spoke/declared/commanded", "*bənê*": "sons/children/descendants", "*ṣēʾtām*": "their going out/their departure/their exodus" } }

Verse 46

{ "verseID": "Deuteronomy.4.46", "source": "בְּעֵ֨בֶר הַיַּרְדֵּ֜ן בַּגַּ֗יְא מ֚וּל בֵּ֣ית פְּע֔וֹר בְּאֶ֗רֶץ סִיחֹן֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ הָֽאֱמֹרִ֔י אֲשֶׁ֥ר יוֹשֵׁ֖ב בְּחֶשְׁבּ֑וֹן אֲשֶׁ֨ר הִכָּ֤ה מֹשֶׁה֙ וּבְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל בְּצֵאתָ֖ם מִמִּצְרָֽיִם׃", "text": "In-*ʿēber* the-*Yardēn* in-the-*gayʾ* opposite *Bêt* *Pəʿôr* in-*ʾereṣ* *Sîḥōn* *melek* *hā-ʾĔmōrî* who *yôšēb* in-*Ḥešbôn* whom *hikkâ* *Mōšeh* and-*bənê* *Yiśrāʾēl* in-*ṣēʾtām* from-*Miṣrāyim*.", "grammar": { "*bə-ʿēber*": "preposition + noun masculine singular construct - in the region beyond", "*ha-yardēn*": "definite article + proper noun - the Jordan", "*ba-gayʾ*": "preposition + definite article + noun masculine singular - in the valley", "*mûl*": "preposition - opposite/facing", "*bêt pəʿôr*": "proper noun - Beth Peor (place name)", "*bə-ʾereṣ*": "preposition + noun feminine construct - in the land of", "*sîḥōn*": "proper noun - Sihon", "*melek*": "noun masculine singular construct - king of", "*hā-ʾĕmōrî*": "definite article + proper noun - the Amorite", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - who/which", "*yôšēb*": "qal participle, masculine singular - dwelling", "*bə-ḥešbôn*": "preposition + proper noun - in Heshbon", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - whom/which", "*hikkâ*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he struck", "*mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses", "*û-bənê*": "conjunction + noun masculine plural construct - and sons/children of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*bə-ṣēʾtām*": "preposition + infinitive construct + 3rd masculine plural suffix - in their going out", "*mi-miṣrāyim*": "preposition + proper noun - from Egypt" }, "variants": { "*ʿēber*": "region beyond/side/crossing", "*gayʾ*": "valley/ravine", "*mûl*": "opposite/facing/in front of", "*ʾereṣ*": "land/territory/country", "*melek*": "king/ruler", "*yôšēb*": "dwelling/sitting/residing", "*hikkâ*": "struck/defeated/killed", "*bənê*": "sons/children/descendants", "*ṣēʾtām*": "their going out/their departure/their exodus" } }

Verse 47

{ "verseID": "Deuteronomy.4.47", "source": "וַיִּֽירְשׁ֨וּ אֶת־אַרְצ֜וֹ וְאֶת־אֶ֣רֶץ ׀ ע֣וֹג מֶֽלֶךְ־הַבָּשָׁ֗ן שְׁנֵי֙ מַלְכֵ֣י הָֽאֱמֹרִ֔י אֲשֶׁ֖ר בְּעֵ֣בֶר הַיַּרְדֵּ֑ן מִזְרַ֖ח שָֽׁמֶשׁ׃", "text": "And-*yîrəšû* *ʾet*-*ʾarṣô* and-*ʾet*-*ʾereṣ* *ʿÔg* *melek*-the-*Bāšān* two *malkê* *hā-ʾĔmōrî* who in-*ʿēber* the-*Yardēn* *mizraḥ* *šāmeš*.", "grammar": { "*wa-yîrəšû*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they possessed/took possession", "*ʾet-ʾarṣô*": "direct object marker + noun feminine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his land", "*wə-ʾet-ʾereṣ*": "conjunction + direct object marker + noun feminine construct - and the land of", "*ʿôg*": "proper noun - Og", "*melek-ha-bāšān*": "noun masculine singular construct + definite article + proper noun - king of Bashan", "*šənê*": "cardinal number construct - two of", "*malkê*": "noun masculine plural construct - kings of", "*hā-ʾĕmōrî*": "definite article + proper noun - the Amorite", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - who/which", "*bə-ʿēber*": "preposition + noun masculine singular construct - in the region beyond", "*ha-yardēn*": "definite article + proper noun - the Jordan", "*mizraḥ*": "noun masculine singular construct - east of", "*šāmeš*": "noun feminine singular - sun" }, "variants": { "*yîrəšû*": "they possessed/they took possession/they inherited", "*ʾarṣô*": "his land/his territory/his country", "*ʾereṣ*": "land/territory/country", "*melek*": "king/ruler", "*malkê*": "kings of/rulers of", "*ʿēber*": "region beyond/side/crossing", "*mizraḥ šāmeš*": "east/sunrise/rising of the sun" } }