{ "verseID": "Ecclesiastes.1.1", "source": "דִּבְרֵי֙ קֹהֶ֣לֶת בֶּן־דָּוִ֔ד מֶ֖לֶךְ בִּירוּשָׁלָֽ͏ִם׃", "text": "*Dibrê* *Qōhelet* *ben*-*Dāwid* *melek* in-*Yerûšālāim*", "grammar": { "*Dibrê*": "construct plural noun - words/sayings of", "*Qōhelet*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Qohelet/Preacher/Assembler", "*ben*": "construct singular noun - son of", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun - David", "*melek*": "noun, masculine singular construct - king of", "*Yerûšālāim*": "proper noun - Jerusalem" }, "variants": { "*Qōhelet*": "Assembler/Collector/Preacher/one who gathers", "*Dibrê*": "words/matters/things/affairs" } }

{ "verseID": "Ecclesiastes.1.2", "source": "הֲבֵ֤ל הֲבָלִים֙ אָמַ֣ר קֹהֶ֔לֶת הֲבֵ֥ל הֲבָלִ֖ים הַכֹּ֥ל הָֽבֶל׃", "text": "*Hăbêl* *hăbālîm* *ʾāmar* *Qōhelet*, *hăbêl* *hăbālîm* *hakkōl* *hābel*", "grammar": { "*Hăbêl*": "noun, masculine singular construct - vanity/breath/vapor", "*hăbālîm*": "noun, masculine plural - vanities/breaths/vapors", "*ʾāmar*": "verb, qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - said", "*Qōhelet*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Qohelet/Preacher/Assembler", "*hakkōl*": "article + noun, masculine singular - the whole/all/everything", "*hābel*": "noun, masculine singular - vanity/breath/vapor" }, "variants": { "*Hăbêl*": "vanity/emptiness/breath/vapor/futility/meaninglessness", "*Qōhelet*": "Assembler/Collector/Preacher/one who gathers", "*hăbālîm*": "superlative construction with repetition - utmost vanity/complete futility" } }

{ "verseID": "Ecclesiastes.1.3", "source": "מַה־יִּתְר֖וֹן לָֽאָדָ֑ם בְּכָל־עֲמָל֔וֹ שֶֽׁיַּעֲמֹ֖ל תַּ֥חַת הַשָּֽׁמֶשׁ׃", "text": "*Mah*-*yitrôn* *lāʾādām* in-*kol*-*ʿămālô* *šeyyaʿămōl* *taḥat* *haššāmeš*", "grammar": { "*Mah*": "interrogative pronoun - what", "*yitrôn*": "noun, masculine singular - profit/advantage/gain", "*lāʾādām*": "preposition + article + noun, masculine singular - to the man/humanity", "*kol*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all of", "*ʿămālô*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his labor/toil", "*šeyyaʿămōl*": "relative pronoun + verb, qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - that he labors/toils", "*taḥat*": "preposition - under", "*haššāmeš*": "article + noun, feminine singular - the sun" }, "variants": { "*yitrôn*": "profit/advantage/gain/benefit/remainder", "*ʾādām*": "man/mankind/humanity/Adam", "*ʿămāl*": "labor/toil/trouble/misery/work" } }

{ "verseID": "Ecclesiastes.1.4", "source": "דּ֤וֹר הֹלֵךְ֙ וְד֣וֹר בָּ֔א וְהָאָ֖רֶץ לְעוֹלָ֥ם עֹמָֽדֶת׃", "text": "*Dôr* *hōlêk* *wədôr* *bāʾ* *wəhāʾāreṣ* *ləʿôlām* *ʿōmādet*", "grammar": { "*Dôr*": "noun, masculine singular - generation", "*hōlêk*": "verb, qal participle masculine singular - going/passing away", "*wədôr*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular - and generation", "*bāʾ*": "verb, qal participle masculine singular - coming", "*wəhāʾāreṣ*": "conjunction + article + noun, feminine singular - and the earth/land", "*ləʿôlām*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - to forever/eternity", "*ʿōmādet*": "verb, qal participle feminine singular - standing/remaining/enduring" }, "variants": { "*Dôr*": "generation/age/period/cycle", "*ʾāreṣ*": "earth/land/ground/world", "*ʿôlām*": "forever/eternity/perpetuity/antiquity" } }

{ "verseID": "Ecclesiastes.1.5", "source": "וְזָרַ֥ח הַשֶּׁ֖מֶשׁ וּבָ֣א הַשָּׁ֑מֶשׁ וְאֶ֨ל־מְקוֹמ֔וֹ שׁוֹאֵ֛ף זוֹרֵ֥חַֽ ה֖וּא שָֽׁם׃", "text": "*Wəzāraḥ* *haššemeš* *ûbāʾ* *haššāmeš* *wəʾel*-*məqômô* *šôʾêp* *zôrêaḥ* *hûʾ* *šām*", "grammar": { "*Wəzāraḥ*": "conjunction + verb, qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - and rises", "*haššemeš*": "article + noun, feminine singular - the sun", "*ûbāʾ*": "conjunction + verb, qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - and goes/sets", "*wəʾel*": "conjunction + preposition - and to/toward", "*məqômô*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - its place", "*šôʾêp*": "verb, qal participle masculine singular - panting/eagerly desiring", "*zôrêaḥ*": "verb, qal participle masculine singular - rising/shining", "*hûʾ*": "personal pronoun 3rd masculine singular - it/he", "*šām*": "adverb - there" }, "variants": { "*zāraḥ*": "rise/shine/appear", "*bāʾ*": "come/go/enter/set (regarding sun)", "*šôʾêp*": "pant/gasp/eagerly desire/hasten" } }

{ "verseID": "Ecclesiastes.1.6", "source": "הוֹלֵךְ֙ אֶל־דָּר֔וֹם וְסוֹבֵ֖ב אֶל־צָפ֑וֹן סוֹבֵ֤ב ׀ סֹבֵב֙ הוֹלֵ֣ךְ הָר֔וּחַ וְעַל־סְבִיבֹתָ֖יו שָׁ֥ב הָרֽוּחַ׃", "text": "*Hôlêk* *ʾel*-*dārôm* *wəsôbêb* *ʾel*-*ṣāpôn*, *sôbêb* *sōbêb* *hôlêk* *hārûaḥ*, *wəʿal*-*səbîbōtāyw* *šāb* *hārûaḥ*", "grammar": { "*Hôlêk*": "verb, qal participle masculine singular - going", "*ʾel*": "preposition - to/toward", "*dārôm*": "noun, masculine singular - south", "*wəsôbêb*": "conjunction + verb, qal participle masculine singular - and turning around", "*ṣāpôn*": "noun, masculine singular - north", "*sôbêb*": "verb, qal participle masculine singular - turning around", "*sōbêb*": "verb, qal participle masculine singular - turning around (repetition for emphasis)", "*hārûaḥ*": "article + noun, feminine singular - the wind/spirit", "*wəʿal*": "conjunction + preposition - and upon/according to", "*səbîbōtāyw*": "noun, feminine plural + 3rd masculine singular suffix - its circuits/around", "*šāb*": "verb, qal participle masculine singular - returning" }, "variants": { "*rûaḥ*": "wind/breath/spirit/mind", "*sôbêb*": "turn/go around/encircle/surround", "*səbîbōt*": "circuits/surroundings/rounds" } }

{ "verseID": "Ecclesiastes.1.7", "source": "כָּל־הַנְּחָלִים֙ הֹלְכִ֣ים אֶל־הַיָּ֔ם וְהַיָּ֖ם אֵינֶ֣נּוּ מָלֵ֑א אֶל־מְק֗וֹם שֶׁ֤הַנְּחָלִים֙ הֹֽלְכִ֔ים שָׁ֛ם הֵ֥ם שָׁבִ֖ים לָלָֽכֶת׃", "text": "*Kol*-*hannəḥālîm* *hōləkîm* *ʾel*-*hayyām* *wəhayyām* *ʾênennû* *mālêʾ* *ʾel*-*məqôm* *šehannəḥālîm* *hōləkîm* *šām* *hêm* *šābîm* *lālāket*", "grammar": { "*Kol*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all of", "*hannəḥālîm*": "article + noun, masculine plural - the rivers/streams", "*hōləkîm*": "verb, qal participle masculine plural - going", "*ʾel*": "preposition - to/toward", "*hayyām*": "article + noun, masculine singular - the sea", "*wəhayyām*": "conjunction + article + noun, masculine singular - and the sea", "*ʾênennû*": "particle of negation + 3rd masculine singular suffix - is not", "*mālêʾ*": "adjective, masculine singular - full", "*məqôm*": "noun, masculine singular construct - place of", "*šehannəḥālîm*": "relative pronoun + article + noun, masculine plural - that the rivers", "*šām*": "adverb - there", "*hêm*": "personal pronoun 3rd masculine plural - they", "*šābîm*": "verb, qal participle masculine plural - returning", "*lālāket*": "preposition + verb, qal infinitive construct - to go" }, "variants": { "*nəḥālîm*": "rivers/streams/wadis/torrents", "*yām*": "sea/ocean/west", "*mālêʾ*": "full/filled/satisfied" } }

{ "verseID": "Ecclesiastes.1.8", "source": "כָּל־הַדְּבָרִ֣ים יְגֵעִ֔ים לֹא־יוּכַ֥ל אִ֖ישׁ לְדַבֵּ֑ר לֹא־תִשְׂבַּ֥ע עַ֙יִן֙ לִרְא֔וֹת וְלֹא־תִמָּלֵ֥א אֹ֖זֶן מִשְּׁמֹֽעַ׃", "text": "*Kol*-*haddəbārîm* *yəgêʿîm* *lōʾ*-*yûkal* *ʾîš* *lədabbêr* *lōʾ*-*tiśbaʿ* *ʿayin* *lirʾôt* *wəlōʾ*-*timmālêʾ* *ʾōzen* *miššəmōaʿ*", "grammar": { "*Kol*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all of", "*haddəbārîm*": "article + noun, masculine plural - the things/words/matters", "*yəgêʿîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - wearisome/tired", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*yûkal*": "verb, qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - able/can", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - man/person", "*lədabbêr*": "preposition + verb, piel infinitive construct - to speak", "*tiśbaʿ*": "verb, qal imperfect 3rd feminine singular - be satisfied/full", "*ʿayin*": "noun, feminine singular - eye", "*lirʾôt*": "preposition + verb, qal infinitive construct - to see", "*wəlōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*timmālêʾ*": "verb, niphal imperfect 3rd feminine singular - be filled/be full", "*ʾōzen*": "noun, feminine singular - ear", "*miššəmōaʿ*": "preposition + verb, qal infinitive construct - from hearing" }, "variants": { "*dəbārîm*": "words/things/matters/affairs", "*yəgêʿîm*": "wearisome/tiring/laborious/fatiguing", "*ʾîš*": "man/person/husband/anyone" } }

{ "verseID": "Ecclesiastes.1.9", "source": "מַה־שֶּֽׁהָיָה֙ ה֣וּא שֶׁיִּהְיֶ֔ה וּמַה־שֶׁנַּֽעֲשָׂ֔ה ה֖וּא שֶׁיֵּעָשֶׂ֑ה וְאֵ֥ין כָּל־חָדָ֖שׁ תַּ֥חַת הַשָּֽׁמֶשׁ׃", "text": "*Mah*-*šehāyāh* *hûʾ* *šeyyihyeh* *ûmah*-*šennaʿăśāh* *hûʾ* *šeyyêʿāśeh* *wəʾên* *kol*-*ḥādāš* *taḥat* *haššāmeš*", "grammar": { "*Mah*": "interrogative pronoun - what", "*šehāyāh*": "relative pronoun + verb, qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - that was", "*hûʾ*": "personal pronoun 3rd masculine singular - it/that (is)", "*šeyyihyeh*": "relative pronoun + verb, qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - that will be", "*ûmah*": "conjunction + interrogative pronoun - and what", "*šennaʿăśāh*": "relative pronoun + verb, niphal perfect 3rd masculine singular - that was done", "*šeyyêʿāśeh*": "relative pronoun + verb, niphal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - that will be done", "*wəʾên*": "conjunction + particle of negation - and there is not", "*kol*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all/any", "*ḥādāš*": "adjective, masculine singular - new", "*taḥat*": "preposition - under", "*haššāmeš*": "article + noun, feminine singular - the sun" }, "variants": { "*hāyāh*": "was/happened/occurred/existed", "*naʿăśāh*": "was done/was made/was performed", "*ḥādāš*": "new/fresh/novel/unprecedented" } }

{ "verseID": "Ecclesiastes.1.10", "source": "יֵ֥שׁ דָּבָ֛ר שֶׁיֹּאמַ֥ר רְאֵה־זֶ֖ה חָדָ֣שׁ ה֑וּא כְּבָר֙ הָיָ֣ה לְעֹֽלָמִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר הָיָ֖ה מִלְּפָנֵֽנוּ׃", "text": "*Yêš* *dābār* *šeyyōʾmar* *rəʾêh*-*zeh* *ḥādāš* *hûʾ* *kəbār* *hāyāh* *ləʿōlāmîm* *ʾăšer* *hāyāh* *millə̄pānênû*", "grammar": { "*Yêš*": "existential particle - there is", "*dābār*": "noun, masculine singular - thing/word/matter", "*šeyyōʾmar*": "relative pronoun + verb, qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - that one might say", "*rəʾêh*": "verb, qal imperative masculine singular - see/look", "*zeh*": "demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular - this", "*ḥādāš*": "adjective, masculine singular - new", "*hûʾ*": "personal pronoun 3rd masculine singular - it (is)", "*kəbār*": "adverb - already", "*hāyāh*": "verb, qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - it was", "*ləʿōlāmîm*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural - for ages/in ancient times", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which", "*millə̄pānênû*": "preposition + preposition + 1st common plural suffix - from before us" }, "variants": { "*dābār*": "word/thing/matter/affair", "*ʿōlāmîm*": "ages/ancient times/eternity/antiquity", "*kəbār*": "already/long ago/previously" } }

{ "verseID": "Ecclesiastes.1.11", "source": "אֵ֥ין זִכְר֖וֹן לָרִאשֹׁנִ֑ים וְגַ֨ם לָאַחֲרֹנִ֜ים שֶׁיִּהְי֗וּ לֹֽא־יִהְיֶ֤ה לָהֶם֙ זִכָּר֔וֹן עִ֥ם שֶׁיִּהְי֖וּ לָאַחֲרֹנָֽה׃", "text": "*ʾÊn* *zikrôn* *lāriʾšōnîm* *wəgam* *lāʾaḥărōnîm* *šeyyihyû* *lōʾ*-*yihyeh* *lāhem* *zikkārôn* *ʿim* *šeyyihyû* *lāʾaḥărōnāh*", "grammar": { "*ʾÊn*": "particle of negation - there is no", "*zikrôn*": "noun, masculine singular - remembrance/memory", "*lāriʾšōnîm*": "preposition + article + adjective, masculine plural - for the former things/earlier ones", "*wəgam*": "conjunction + adverb - and also", "*lāʾaḥărōnîm*": "preposition + article + adjective, masculine plural - for the latter things", "*šeyyihyû*": "relative pronoun + verb, qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - that will be", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*yihyeh*": "verb, qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - will be", "*lāhem*": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix - for them", "*zikkārôn*": "noun, masculine singular - remembrance/memory", "*ʿim*": "preposition - with", "*lāʾaḥărōnāh*": "preposition + article + adjective, feminine singular - in the future/afterward" }, "variants": { "*zikrôn*": "remembrance/memory/memorial/record", "*riʾšōnîm*": "former/first/previous/earlier ones", "*ʾaḥărōnîm*": "latter/future/later ones" } }

{ "verseID": "Ecclesiastes.1.12", "source": "אֲנִ֣י קֹהֶ֗לֶת הָיִ֥יתִי מֶ֛לֶךְ עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בִּירוּשָׁלָֽ͏ִם׃", "text": "*ʾĂnî* *Qōhelet* *hāyîtî* *melek* *ʿal*-*Yiśrāʾêl* in-*Yerûšālāim*", "grammar": { "*ʾĂnî*": "personal pronoun 1st common singular - I", "*Qōhelet*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Qohelet/Preacher/Assembler", "*hāyîtî*": "verb, qal perfect 1st common singular - I was/became", "*melek*": "noun, masculine singular construct - king of", "*ʿal*": "preposition - over", "*Yiśrāʾêl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*in*": "preposition - in", "*Yerûšālāim*": "proper noun - Jerusalem" }, "variants": { "*Qōhelet*": "Assembler/Collector/Preacher/one who gathers", "*hāyâ*": "was/became/happened/existed" } }

{ "verseID": "Ecclesiastes.1.13", "source": "וְנָתַ֣תִּי אֶת־לִבִּ֗י לִדְר֤וֹשׁ וְלָתוּר֙ בַּֽחָכְמָ֔ה עַ֛ל כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֥ר נַעֲשָׂ֖ה תַּ֣חַת הַשָּׁמָ֑יִם ה֣וּא ׀ עִנְיַ֣ן רָ֗ע נָתַ֧ן אֱלֹהִ֛ים לִבְנֵ֥י הָאָדָ֖ם לַעֲנ֥וֹת בּֽוֹ׃", "text": "*Wənātattî* *ʾet*-*libbî* *lidrôš* *wəlātûr* in-*ḥokmāh* *ʿal* *kol*-*ʾăšer* *naʿăśāh* *taḥat* *haššāmāyim* *hûʾ* *ʿinyan* *rāʿ* *nātan* *ʾĕlōhîm* *libnê* *hāʾādām* *laʿănôt* *bô*", "grammar": { "*Wənātattî*": "conjunction + verb, qal perfect 1st common singular - and I gave/set", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*libbî*": "noun, masculine singular + 1st common singular suffix - my heart", "*lidrôš*": "preposition + verb, qal infinitive construct - to seek/inquire", "*wəlātûr*": "conjunction + preposition + verb, qal infinitive construct - and to search/explore", "*ḥokmāh*": "noun, feminine singular - wisdom", "*ʿal*": "preposition - concerning/about", "*kol*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all of", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - that which", "*naʿăśāh*": "verb, niphal perfect 3rd masculine singular - is done/has been done", "*taḥat*": "preposition - under", "*haššāmāyim*": "article + noun, masculine plural - the heavens", "*hûʾ*": "personal pronoun 3rd masculine singular - it (is)", "*ʿinyan*": "noun, masculine singular construct - task/occupation/business", "*rāʿ*": "adjective, masculine singular - bad/evil/grievous", "*nātan*": "verb, qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - gave/placed", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine plural - God", "*libnê*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural construct - to sons of", "*hāʾādām*": "article + noun, masculine singular - the man/mankind", "*laʿănôt*": "preposition + verb, qal infinitive construct - to be occupied/busy", "*bô*": "preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - with it" }, "variants": { "*drš*": "seek/inquire/search/investigate", "*tûr*": "search/explore/spy out/examine", "*ʿinyan*": "task/business/occupation/travail", "*ʿnh*": "be occupied/busy/afflicted/burdened", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "God/gods/divine beings (grammatically plural form used for singular deity)" } }

{ "verseID": "Ecclesiastes.1.14", "source": "רָאִ֙יתִי֙ אֶת־כָּל־הַֽמַּעֲשִׂ֔ים שֶֽׁנַּעֲשׂ֖וּ תַּ֣חַת הַשָּׁ֑מֶשׁ וְהִנֵּ֥ה הַכֹּ֛ל הֶ֖בֶל וּרְע֥וּת רֽוּחַ׃", "text": "*Rāʾîtî* *ʾet*-*kol*-*hammaʿăśîm* *šennaʿăśû* *taḥat* *haššāmeš* *wəhinnêh* *hakkōl* *hebel* *ûrəʿût* *rûaḥ*", "grammar": { "*Rāʾîtî*": "verb, qal perfect 1st common singular - I saw/observed", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*kol*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all of", "*hammaʿăśîm*": "article + noun, masculine plural - the works/deeds", "*šennaʿăśû*": "relative pronoun + verb, niphal perfect 3rd common plural - that were done", "*taḥat*": "preposition - under", "*haššāmeš*": "article + noun, feminine singular - the sun", "*wəhinnêh*": "conjunction + demonstrative particle - and behold", "*hakkōl*": "article + noun, masculine singular - the whole/everything", "*hebel*": "noun, masculine singular - vanity/breath/vapor", "*ûrəʿût*": "conjunction + noun, feminine singular construct - and striving/chasing after", "*rûaḥ*": "noun, feminine singular - wind/spirit" }, "variants": { "*maʿăśîm*": "works/deeds/actions/activities", "*hebel*": "vanity/emptiness/breath/vapor/futility", "*rəʿût rûaḥ*": "striving after wind/chasing wind/vexation of spirit" } }

{ "verseID": "Ecclesiastes.1.15", "source": "מְעֻוָּ֖ת לֹא־יוּכַ֣ל לִתְקֹ֑ן וְחֶסְר֖וֹן לֹא־יוּכַ֥ל לְהִמָּנֽוֹת׃", "text": "*Məʿuwwāt* *lōʾ*-*yûkal* *litqōn* *wəḥesrôn* *lōʾ*-*yûkal* *ləhimmānôt*", "grammar": { "*Məʿuwwāt*": "verb, pual participle masculine singular - what is crooked", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*yûkal*": "verb, qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - is able/can", "*litqōn*": "preposition + verb, qal infinitive construct - to straighten", "*wəḥesrôn*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular - and what is lacking/deficient", "*ləhimmānôt*": "preposition + verb, niphal infinitive construct - to be counted/numbered" }, "variants": { "*məʿuwwāt*": "crooked/bent/twisted/perverted", "*tqn*": "straighten/make right/correct", "*ḥesrôn*": "lack/deficiency/that which is missing" } }

{ "verseID": "Ecclesiastes.1.16", "source": "דִּבַּ֨רְתִּי אֲנִ֤י עִם־לִבִּי֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר אֲנִ֗י הִנֵּ֨ה הִגְדַּ֤לְתִּי וְהוֹסַ֙פְתִּי֙ חָכְמָ֔ה עַ֛ל כָּל־אֲשֶׁר־הָיָ֥ה לְפָנַ֖י עַל־יְרוּשָׁלָ֑͏ִם וְלִבִּ֛י רָאָ֥ה הַרְבֵּ֖ה חָכְמָ֥ה וָדָֽעַת׃", "text": "*Dibbartî* *ʾănî* *ʿim*-*libbî* *lêʾmōr* *ʾănî* *hinnêh* *higdaltî* *wəhôsaptî* *ḥokmāh* *ʿal* *kol*-*ʾăšer*-*hāyāh* *ləpānay* *ʿal*-*Yerûšālāim* *wəlibbî* *rāʾāh* *harbêh* *ḥokmāh* *wādāʿat*", "grammar": { "*Dibbartî*": "verb, piel perfect 1st common singular - I spoke", "*ʾănî*": "personal pronoun 1st common singular - I", "*ʿim*": "preposition - with", "*libbî*": "noun, masculine singular + 1st common singular suffix - my heart", "*lêʾmōr*": "preposition + verb, qal infinitive construct - saying", "*hinnêh*": "demonstrative particle - behold", "*higdaltî*": "verb, hiphil perfect 1st common singular - I have made great", "*wəhôsaptî*": "conjunction + verb, hiphil perfect 1st common singular - and I have increased", "*ḥokmāh*": "noun, feminine singular - wisdom", "*ʿal*": "preposition - above/over", "*kol*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all of", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - who", "*hāyāh*": "verb, qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - was", "*ləpānay*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural + 1st common singular suffix - before me", "*Yerûšālāim*": "proper noun - Jerusalem", "*wəlibbî*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular + 1st common singular suffix - and my heart", "*rāʾāh*": "verb, qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - saw/experienced", "*harbêh*": "adverb - much/greatly", "*wādāʿat*": "conjunction + noun, feminine singular - and knowledge" }, "variants": { "*gdl*": "become great/grow/increase/magnify", "*ysp*": "add/increase/continue/do again", "*ḥokmāh*": "wisdom/skill/prudence", "*daʿat*": "knowledge/perception/skill/discernment" } }

{ "verseID": "Ecclesiastes.1.17", "source": "וָאֶתְּנָ֤ה לִבִּי֙ לָדַ֣עַת חָכְמָ֔ה וְדַ֥עַת הוֹלֵל֖וֹת וְשִׂכְל֑וּת יָדַ֕עְתִּי שֶׁגַּם־זֶ֥ה ה֖וּא רַעְי֥וֹן רֽוּחַ׃", "text": "*Wāʾettənāh* *libbî* *lādaʿat* *ḥokmāh* *wədaʿat* *hôlêlôt* *wəśiklût* *yādaʿtî* *šeggam*-*zeh* *hûʾ* *raʿyôn* *rûaḥ*", "grammar": { "*Wāʾettənāh*": "conjunction + verb, qal imperfect consecutive 1st common singular - and I gave/applied", "*libbî*": "noun, masculine singular + 1st common singular suffix - my heart", "*lādaʿat*": "preposition + verb, qal infinitive construct - to know", "*ḥokmāh*": "noun, feminine singular - wisdom", "*wədaʿat*": "conjunction + verb, qal infinitive construct - and to know", "*hôlêlôt*": "noun, feminine singular - madness/folly", "*wəśiklût*": "conjunction + noun, feminine singular - and foolishness", "*yādaʿtî*": "verb, qal perfect 1st common singular - I knew/realized", "*šeggam*": "relative pronoun + conjunction - that also", "*zeh*": "demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular - this", "*hûʾ*": "personal pronoun 3rd masculine singular - it (is)", "*raʿyôn*": "noun, masculine singular construct - striving after/pursuit of", "*rûaḥ*": "noun, feminine singular - wind/spirit" }, "variants": { "*hôlêlôt*": "madness/folly/senselessness", "*śiklût*": "foolishness/silliness/stupidity", "*raʿyôn*": "striving/grasping/pursuit/desire" } }

{ "verseID": "Ecclesiastes.1.18", "source": "כִּ֛י בְּרֹ֥ב חָכְמָ֖ה רָב־כָּ֑עַס וְיוֹסִ֥יף דַּ֖עַת יוֹסִ֥יף מַכְאֽוֹב׃", "text": "*Kî* in-*rōb* *ḥokmāh* *rāb*-*kāʿas* *wəyôsîp* *daʿat* *yôsîp* *makʾôb*", "grammar": { "*Kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*rōb*": "noun, masculine singular construct - abundance of", "*ḥokmāh*": "noun, feminine singular - wisdom", "*rāb*": "adjective, masculine singular construct - much/great", "*kāʿas*": "noun, masculine singular - grief/vexation", "*wəyôsîp*": "conjunction + verb, hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he who increases", "*daʿat*": "noun, feminine singular - knowledge", "*yôsîp*": "verb, hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular - increases", "*makʾôb*": "noun, masculine singular - pain/sorrow" }, "variants": { "*rōb*": "abundance/greatness/multitude", "*kāʿas*": "grief/vexation/sorrow/irritation", "*makʾôb*": "pain/sorrow/anguish/suffering" } }