{ "verseID": "Ecclesiastes.10.1", "source": "זְב֣וּבֵי מָ֔וֶת יַבְאִ֥ישׁ יַבִּ֖יעַ שֶׁ֣מֶן רוֹקֵ֑חַ יָקָ֛ר מֵחָכְמָ֥ה מִכָּב֖וֹד סִכְל֥וּת מְעָֽט׃", "text": "*zəbûbê māwet* *yabʾîš* *yabbîaʿ* *šemen rôqēaḥ* *yāqār* from *ḥokmâ* from *kābôd* *siklût* little", "grammar": { "*zəbûbê māwet*": "construct state, plural - flies of death/dead flies", "*yabʾîš*": "hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular - cause to stink/make putrid", "*yabbîaʿ*": "hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular - cause to bubble up/ferment", "*šemen rôqēaḥ*": "construct state - oil of perfumer/ointment of apothecary", "*yāqār*": "adjective, masculine singular - precious/valuable", "*ḥokmâ*": "feminine singular noun - wisdom", "*kābôd*": "masculine singular noun - honor/glory", "*siklût*": "feminine singular noun - folly/foolishness", "*mə'āṭ*": "adjective - little/small amount" }, "variants": { "*zəbûbê māwet*": "dead flies/deathly flies", "*yabʾîš*": "makes stink/causes to putrefy", "*yabbîaʿ*": "makes ferment/causes to bubble/sends forth", "*šemen rôqēaḥ*": "perfumer's oil/apothecary's ointment", "*yāqār*": "precious/weighty/valuable", "*siklût*": "folly/foolishness/stupidity" } }

{ "verseID": "Ecclesiastes.10.2", "source": "לֵ֤ב חָכָם֙ לִֽימִינ֔וֹ וְלֵ֥ב כְּסִ֖יל לִשְׂמֹאלֽוֹ׃", "text": "*lēb ḥākām* to *yəmînô* *wə*-*lēb kəsîl* to *śəmōʾlô*", "grammar": { "*lēb*": "masculine singular construct - heart of", "*ḥākām*": "adjective, masculine singular - wise", "*yəmînô*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular possessive suffix - his right (side)", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*lēb*": "masculine singular construct - heart of", "*kəsîl*": "adjective, masculine singular - foolish", "*śəmōʾlô*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular possessive suffix - his left (side)" }, "variants": { "*lēb*": "heart/mind/inner being", "*ḥākām*": "wise/skilled person", "*yəmînô*": "his right side/his right hand", "*kəsîl*": "fool/stupid person", "*śəmōʾlô*": "his left side/his left hand" } }

{ "verseID": "Ecclesiastes.10.3", "source": "וְגַם־בַּדֶּ֛רֶךְ כְּשֶׁסָּכָ֥ל הֹלֵ֖ךְ לִבּ֣וֹ חָסֵ֑ר וְאָמַ֥ר לַכֹּ֖ל סָכָ֥ל הֽוּא׃", "text": "*wə-gam*-in *hadderek* when *sākāl* *hōlēk*, *libbô* *ḥāsēr* *wə-ʾāmar* to *kōl* *sākāl* he", "grammar": { "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*gam*": "particle - also/even", "*hadderek*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the way/road", "*kə-še-sākāl*": "conjunction + relative particle + adjective - when/as the fool", "*hōlēk*": "qal participle masculine singular - walking/going", "*libbô*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his heart", "*ḥāsēr*": "adjective, masculine singular - lacking/deficient", "*wə-ʾāmar*": "conjunction + qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - and he says", "*la-kōl*": "preposition + noun - to all/everyone", "*sākāl*": "adjective, masculine singular - foolish", "*hûʾ*": "3rd person masculine singular pronoun - he/it" }, "variants": { "*hadderek*": "the way/the road/the path", "*sākāl*": "fool/foolish one", "*hōlēk*": "walks/goes/travels", "*libbô*": "his heart/his mind/his understanding", "*ḥāsēr*": "lacking/deficient/wanting", "*la-kōl*": "to everyone/to all people" } }

{ "verseID": "Ecclesiastes.10.4", "source": "אִם־ר֤וּחַ הַמּוֹשֵׁל֙ תַּעֲלֶ֣ה עָלֶ֔יךָ מְקוֹמְךָ֖ אַל־תַּנַּ֑ח כִּ֣י מַרְפֵּ֔א יַנִּ֖יחַ חֲטָאִ֥ים גְּדוֹלִֽים׃", "text": "If *rûaḥ hammôšēl* *taʿăleh* against you, *məqômkā* not *tannaḥ* for *marpēʾ* *yannîaḥ* *ḥăṭāʾîm gədôlîm*", "grammar": { "*rûaḥ*": "feminine singular construct - spirit of", "*hammôšēl*": "definite article + qal participle masculine singular - the ruler", "*taʿăleh*": "qal imperfect 3rd feminine singular - comes up/rises", "*ʿālêkā*": "preposition with 2nd masculine singular suffix - against you", "*məqômkā*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your place", "*ʾal-tannaḥ*": "negative particle + hiphil jussive 2nd masculine singular - do not leave", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*marpēʾ*": "masculine singular noun - healing/calmness", "*yannîaḥ*": "hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular - causes to rest/leaves", "*ḥăṭāʾîm*": "masculine plural noun - sins", "*gədôlîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - great/large" }, "variants": { "*rûaḥ hammôšēl*": "spirit of the ruler/anger of the ruler/temper of the governor", "*taʿăleh*": "rises/comes up against/mounts", "*məqômkā*": "your place/your position/your post", "*tannaḥ*": "leave/abandon/give up", "*marpēʾ*": "calmness/gentleness/healing", "*yannîaḥ*": "pacifies/leaves/causes to rest", "*ḥăṭāʾîm gədôlîm*": "great sins/great offenses/great mistakes" } }

{ "verseID": "Ecclesiastes.10.5", "source": "יֵ֣שׁ רָעָ֔ה רָאִ֖יתִי תַּ֣חַת הַשָּׁ֑מֶשׁ כִּשְׁגָגָ֕ה שֶׁיֹּצָ֖א מִלִּפְנֵ֥י הַשַּׁלִּֽיט׃", "text": "There is *rāʿâ* *rāʾîtî* under *haššāmeš* like *šəgāgâ* that *yōṣēʾ* from before *haššallîṭ*", "grammar": { "*yēš*": "existential particle - there is/exists", "*rāʿâ*": "feminine singular noun - evil/bad thing", "*rāʾîtî*": "qal perfect 1st singular - I saw/observed", "*taḥat haššāmeš*": "preposition + definite article + feminine singular noun - under the sun", "*ki-šəgāgâ*": "preposition + feminine singular noun - like an error", "*še-yōṣēʾ*": "relative particle + qal participle masculine singular - that goes out/proceeds", "*mi-lifnê*": "preposition + preposition - from before", "*haššallîṭ*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the ruler" }, "variants": { "*rāʿâ*": "evil/misfortune/bad thing", "*taḥat haššāmeš*": "under the sun/in this world", "*šəgāgâ*": "error/mistake/inadvertent sin", "*yōṣēʾ*": "goes out/proceeds/comes forth", "*haššallîṭ*": "the ruler/the governor/one in authority" } }

{ "verseID": "Ecclesiastes.10.6", "source": "נִתַּ֣ן הַסֶּ֔כֶל בַּמְּרוֹמִ֖ים רַבִּ֑ים וַעֲשִׁירִ֖ים בַּשֵּׁ֥פֶל יֵשֵֽׁבוּ׃", "text": "*nittan hassekel* in *hammərômîm rabbîm* *wa-ʿăšîrîm* in *haššēpel yēšēbû*", "grammar": { "*nittan*": "niphal perfect 3rd masculine singular - is given/is set", "*hassekel*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the folly/foolishness", "*ba-mmərômîm*": "preposition + definite article + masculine plural noun - in the heights", "*rabbîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - many/great", "*wa-ʿăšîrîm*": "conjunction + masculine plural adjective - and rich ones", "*ba-ššēpel*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun - in the lowly place", "*yēšēbû*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - they sit/dwell" }, "variants": { "*nittan*": "is set/is placed/is given", "*hassekel*": "the folly/the foolishness/the fool", "*hammərômîm*": "high positions/exalted places/heights", "*rabbîm*": "many/great/numerous", "*ʿăšîrîm*": "rich ones/wealthy people", "*haššēpel*": "lowly place/humble position/low rank" } }

{ "verseID": "Ecclesiastes.10.7", "source": "רָאִ֥יתִי עֲבָדִ֖ים עַל־סוּסִ֑ים וְשָׂרִ֛ים הֹלְכִ֥ים כַּעֲבָדִ֖ים עַל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃", "text": "*rāʾîtî ʿăbādîm* on *sûsîm* *wə-śārîm hōləkîm* like *ʿăbādîm* on *hāʾāreṣ*", "grammar": { "*rāʾîtî*": "qal perfect 1st singular - I saw/observed", "*ʿăbādîm*": "masculine plural noun - servants/slaves", "*ʿal-sûsîm*": "preposition + masculine plural noun - on horses", "*wə-śārîm*": "conjunction + masculine plural noun - and princes/officials", "*hōləkîm*": "qal participle masculine plural - walking/going", "*ka-ʿăbādîm*": "preposition + masculine plural noun - like servants/slaves", "*ʿal-hāʾāreṣ*": "preposition + definite article + feminine singular noun - on the ground/earth" }, "variants": { "*ʿăbādîm*": "servants/slaves/workers", "*sûsîm*": "horses/steeds", "*śārîm*": "princes/officials/nobles", "*hōləkîm*": "walking/going/traveling", "*hāʾāreṣ*": "the ground/the earth/the land" } }

{ "verseID": "Ecclesiastes.10.8", "source": "חֹפֵ֥ר גּוּמָּ֖ץ בּ֣וֹ יִפּ֑וֹל וּפֹרֵ֥ץ גָּדֵ֖ר יִשְּׁכֶ֥נּוּ נָחָֽשׁ׃", "text": "*ḥōpēr gûmmāṣ* in it *yippôl* *û-pōrēṣ gādēr* *yiššəkennû nāḥāš*", "grammar": { "*ḥōpēr*": "qal participle masculine singular - digging/one who digs", "*gûmmāṣ*": "masculine singular noun - pit/hole", "*bô*": "preposition with 3rd masculine singular suffix - in it/into it", "*yippôl*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - will fall", "*û-pōrēṣ*": "conjunction + qal participle masculine singular - and one who breaks through", "*gādēr*": "masculine singular noun - wall/fence", "*yiššəkennû*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - will bite him", "*nāḥāš*": "masculine singular noun - serpent/snake" }, "variants": { "*ḥōpēr*": "one who digs/digger", "*gûmmāṣ*": "pit/hole/trench", "*yippôl*": "will fall/falls/may fall", "*pōrēṣ*": "one who breaks through/breaker/one who demolishes", "*gādēr*": "wall/fence/hedge", "*yiššəkennû*": "will bite him/may bite him", "*nāḥāš*": "serpent/snake" } }

{ "verseID": "Ecclesiastes.10.9", "source": "מַסִּ֣יעַ אֲבָנִ֔ים יֵעָצֵ֖ב בָּהֶ֑ם בּוֹקֵ֥עַ עֵצִ֖ים יִסָּ֥כֶן בָּֽם׃", "text": "*massîaʿ ʾăbānîm* *yēʿāṣēb* with them, *bôqēaʿ ʿēṣîm* *yissāken* with them", "grammar": { "*massîaʿ*": "hiphil participle masculine singular - quarrying/removing", "*ʾăbānîm*": "feminine plural noun - stones", "*yēʿāṣēb*": "niphal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - will be hurt", "*bāhem*": "preposition with 3rd masculine plural suffix - with them/by them", "*bôqēaʿ*": "qal participle masculine singular - splitting/cleaving", "*ʿēṣîm*": "masculine plural noun - trees/wood", "*yissāken*": "niphal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - will be endangered", "*bām*": "preposition with 3rd masculine plural suffix - with them/by them" }, "variants": { "*massîaʿ*": "one who quarries/remover/one who pulls out", "*ʾăbānîm*": "stones/rocks", "*yēʿāṣēb*": "will be hurt/may be injured/will be pained", "*bôqēaʿ*": "one who splits/cleaver/chopper", "*ʿēṣîm*": "trees/wood/timber", "*yissāken*": "will be endangered/will be at risk/may be hurt" } }

{ "verseID": "Ecclesiastes.10.10", "source": "אִם־קֵהָ֣ה הַבַּרְזֶ֗ל וְהוּא֙ לֹא־פָנִ֣ים קִלְקַ֔ל וַחֲיָלִ֖ים יְגַבֵּ֑ר וְיִתְר֥וֹן הַכְשֵׁ֖ר חָכְמָֽה׃", "text": "If *qēhâ habbarzel* *wə-hûʾ* not *pānîm qilqal* *wa-ḥăyālîm yəgabbēr* *wə-yitrôn haksēr ḥokmâ*", "grammar": { "*qēhâ*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - is blunt/dull", "*habbarzel*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the iron", "*wə-hûʾ*": "conjunction + 3rd masculine singular pronoun - and he/it", "*lōʾ-pānîm*": "negative particle + masculine plural noun - not edges", "*qilqal*": "pilpel perfect 3rd masculine singular - has sharpened", "*wa-ḥăyālîm*": "conjunction + masculine plural noun - and strength/forces", "*yəgabbēr*": "piel imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he must exert", "*wə-yitrôn*": "conjunction + masculine singular construct - and advantage of", "*haksēr*": "verb infinitive construct with definite article - the succeeding/the being advantageous", "*ḥokmâ*": "feminine singular noun - wisdom" }, "variants": { "*qēhâ*": "is blunt/is dull/has lost edge", "*habbarzel*": "the iron/the iron tool", "*pānîm*": "faces/edges/surface", "*qilqal*": "has sharpened/has polished", "*ḥăyālîm*": "strength/forces/power", "*yəgabbēr*": "must exert/will strengthen/must increase", "*yitrôn*": "advantage/profit/excellence", "*haksēr*": "success/advantage/ability" } }

{ "verseID": "Ecclesiastes.10.11", "source": "אִם־יִשֹּׁ֥ךְ הַנָּחָ֖שׁ בְּלוֹא־לָ֑חַשׁ וְאֵ֣ין יִתְר֔וֹן לְבַ֖עַל הַלָּשֽׁוֹן׃", "text": "If *yiššōk hannāḥāš* without *lāḥaš* *wə-ʾên yitrôn* to *baʿal hallāšôn*", "grammar": { "*yiššōk*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - bites", "*hannāḥāš*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the serpent", "*bəlôʾ-lāḥaš*": "preposition + negative particle + masculine singular noun - without enchantment", "*wə-ʾên*": "conjunction + adverb of negation - and there is no", "*yitrôn*": "masculine singular noun - advantage/profit", "*lə-baʿal*": "preposition + masculine singular construct - to master of", "*hallāšôn*": "definite article + feminine singular noun - the tongue" }, "variants": { "*yiššōk*": "bites/will bite/may bite", "*hannāḥāš*": "the serpent/the snake", "*lāḥaš*": "enchantment/charm/spell", "*yitrôn*": "advantage/profit/benefit", "*baʿal hallāšôn*": "master of the tongue/charmer/enchanter" } }

{ "verseID": "Ecclesiastes.10.12", "source": "דִּבְרֵ֥י פִי־חָכָ֖ם חֵ֑ן וְשִׂפְת֥וֹת כְּסִ֖יל תְּבַלְּעֶֽנּוּ׃", "text": "*dibrê pî-ḥākām ḥēn* *wə-śiptôt kəsîl təballəʿennû*", "grammar": { "*dibrê*": "masculine plural construct - words of", "*pî-ḥākām*": "masculine singular construct + adjective - mouth of wise (man)", "*ḥēn*": "masculine singular noun - grace/favor", "*wə-śiptôt*": "conjunction + feminine plural construct - and lips of", "*kəsîl*": "masculine singular noun - fool", "*təballəʿennû*": "piel imperfect 3rd feminine plural with 3rd masculine singular suffix - will swallow him up" }, "variants": { "*dibrê*": "words/sayings/speech", "*pî-ḥākām*": "mouth of wise man/speech of wise person", "*ḥēn*": "grace/favor/charm", "*śiptôt*": "lips/speech/words", "*kəsîl*": "fool/foolish person", "*təballəʿennû*": "will swallow him up/will destroy him/will ruin him" } }

{ "verseID": "Ecclesiastes.10.13", "source": "תְּחִלַּ֥ת דִּבְרֵי־פִ֖יהוּ סִכְל֑וּת וְאַחֲרִ֣ית פִּ֔יהוּ הוֹלֵל֖וּת רָעָֽה׃", "text": "*təḥillat dibrê-pîhû siklût* *wə-ʾaḥărît pîhû hôlēlût rāʿâ*", "grammar": { "*təḥillat*": "feminine singular construct - beginning of", "*dibrê-pîhû*": "masculine plural construct + masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - words of his mouth", "*siklût*": "feminine singular noun - foolishness", "*wə-ʾaḥărît*": "conjunction + feminine singular construct - and end of", "*pîhû*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his mouth", "*hôlēlût*": "feminine singular noun - madness", "*rāʿâ*": "feminine singular adjective - evil/harmful" }, "variants": { "*təḥillat*": "beginning/start", "*dibrê-pîhû*": "words of his mouth/his speech", "*siklût*": "foolishness/folly/stupidity", "*ʾaḥărît*": "end/outcome/latter part", "*hôlēlût*": "madness/insanity/senselessness", "*rāʿâ*": "evil/harmful/wicked" } }

{ "verseID": "Ecclesiastes.10.14", "source": "וְהַסָּכָ֖ל יַרְבֶּ֣ה דְבָרִ֑ים לֹא־יֵדַ֤ע הָאָדָם֙ מַה־שֶׁיִּֽהְיֶ֔ה וַאֲשֶׁ֤ר יִֽהְיֶה֙ מֵֽאַחֲרָ֔יו מִ֖י יַגִּ֥יד לֽוֹ׃", "text": "*wə-hassākāl yarbeh dəbārîm*; not *yēdaʿ hāʾādām* what *še-yihyeh* and which *yihyeh* from after him who *yaggîd* to him", "grammar": { "*wə-hassākāl*": "conjunction + definite article + masculine singular noun - and the fool", "*yarbeh*": "hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular - multiplies/increases", "*dəbārîm*": "masculine plural noun - words", "*lōʾ-yēdaʿ*": "negative particle + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - does not know", "*hāʾādām*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the man", "*mah-še-yihyeh*": "interrogative + relative particle + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - what will be", "*wa-ʾăšer*": "conjunction + relative particle - and that which", "*yihyeh*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - will be", "*mē-ʾaḥărāyw*": "preposition + preposition with 3rd masculine singular suffix - from after him", "*mî*": "interrogative pronoun - who", "*yaggîd*": "hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular - will tell", "*lô*": "preposition with 3rd masculine singular suffix - to him" }, "variants": { "*hassākāl*": "the fool/the foolish one", "*yarbeh*": "multiplies/increases/uses many", "*dəbārîm*": "words/speeches/sayings", "*yēdaʿ*": "knows/understands", "*hāʾādām*": "the man/mankind/person", "*yihyeh*": "will be/shall happen/will become", "*mē-ʾaḥărāyw*": "after him/behind him/following him", "*yaggîd*": "will tell/can declare/will make known" } }

{ "verseID": "Ecclesiastes.10.15", "source": "עֲמַ֥ל הַכְּסִילִ֖ים תְּיַגְּעֶ֑נּוּ אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹֽא־יָדַ֖ע לָלֶ֥כֶת אֶל־עִֽיר׃", "text": "*ʿămal hakkəsîlîm təyaggəʿennû* who not *yādaʿ lāleket* to *ʿîr*", "grammar": { "*ʿămal*": "masculine singular construct - labor of", "*hakkəsîlîm*": "definite article + masculine plural noun - the fools", "*təyaggəʿennû*": "piel imperfect 3rd feminine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - wearies him", "*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - who", "*lōʾ-yādaʿ*": "negative particle + qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - does not know", "*lāleket*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to go", "*ʾel-ʿîr*": "preposition + feminine singular noun - to city" }, "variants": { "*ʿămal*": "labor/toil/work", "*hakkəsîlîm*": "the fools/the foolish ones", "*təyaggəʿennû*": "wearies him/tires him/exhausts him", "*yādaʿ*": "knows/understands/is aware", "*lāleket*": "to go/to walk/to travel", "*ʿîr*": "city/town" } }

{ "verseID": "Ecclesiastes.10.16", "source": "אִֽי־לָ֣ךְ אֶ֔רֶץ שֶׁמַּלְכֵּ֖ךְ נָ֑עַר וְשָׂרַ֖יִךְ בַּבֹּ֥קֶר יֹאכֵֽלוּ׃", "text": "*ʾî*-to you *ʾereṣ* that *malkēk nāʿar* *wə-śārayik babbōqer yōʾkēlû*", "grammar": { "*ʾî*": "interjection - woe", "*lāk*": "preposition with 2nd feminine singular suffix - to you", "*ʾereṣ*": "feminine singular noun - land", "*še-malkēk*": "relative particle + masculine singular noun with 2nd feminine singular suffix - whose king", "*nāʿar*": "masculine singular noun - youth/boy", "*wə-śārayik*": "conjunction + masculine plural noun with 2nd feminine singular suffix - and your princes", "*ba-bbōqer*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun - in the morning", "*yōʾkēlû*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - they eat" }, "variants": { "*ʾî*": "woe/alas", "*ʾereṣ*": "land/country/earth", "*malkēk*": "your king/your ruler", "*nāʿar*": "youth/boy/child", "*śārayik*": "your princes/your officials/your nobles", "*babbōqer*": "in the morning/early", "*yōʾkēlû*": "they eat/they feast/they dine" } }

{ "verseID": "Ecclesiastes.10.17", "source": "אַשְׁרֵ֣יךְ אֶ֔רֶץ שֶׁמַּלְכֵּ֖ךְ בֶּן־חוֹרִ֑ים וְשָׂרַ֙יִךְ֙ בָּעֵ֣ת יֹאכֵ֔לוּ בִּגְבוּרָ֖ה וְלֹ֥א בַשְּׁתִֽי׃", "text": "*ʾašrêk ʾereṣ* that *malkēk ben-ḥôrîm* *wə-śārayik bāʿēt yōʾkēlû* in *gəbûrâ* and not in *šətî*", "grammar": { "*ʾašrêk*": "masculine plural construct with 2nd feminine singular suffix - blessed/happy are you", "*ʾereṣ*": "feminine singular noun - land", "*še-malkēk*": "relative particle + masculine singular noun with 2nd feminine singular suffix - whose king", "*ben-ḥôrîm*": "masculine singular construct + masculine plural noun - son of nobles", "*wə-śārayik*": "conjunction + masculine plural noun with 2nd feminine singular suffix - and your princes", "*bā-ʿēt*": "preposition + definite article + feminine singular noun - in the time", "*yōʾkēlû*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - they eat", "*bi-gəbûrâ*": "preposition + feminine singular noun - in strength", "*wə-lōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*ba-ššətî*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun - in drunkenness" }, "variants": { "*ʾašrêk*": "blessed are you/happy are you/fortunate are you", "*ʾereṣ*": "land/country/earth", "*malkēk*": "your king/your ruler", "*ben-ḥôrîm*": "son of nobles/nobleman/free-born", "*śārayik*": "your princes/your officials/your nobles", "*bāʿēt*": "in the proper time/at the right time", "*yōʾkēlû*": "they eat/they feast/they dine", "*gəbûrâ*": "strength/might/for strength", "*šətî*": "drinking/drunkenness" } }

{ "verseID": "Ecclesiastes.10.18", "source": "בַּעֲצַלְתַּ֖יִם יִמַּ֣ךְ הַמְּקָרֶ֑ה וּבְשִׁפְל֥וּת יָדַ֖יִם יִדְלֹ֥ף הַבָּֽיִת׃", "text": "By *ʿăṣaltayim yimmak hammə́qāreh* and by *šiplût yādayim* *yidlōp habbāyit*", "grammar": { "*ba-ʿăṣaltayim*": "preposition + feminine dual noun - by laziness", "*yimmak*": "niphal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - sinks/decays", "*hammə́qāreh*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the beam-work/roof", "*û-bə-šiplût*": "conjunction + preposition + feminine singular construct - and by lowness of", "*yādayim*": "feminine dual noun - hands", "*yidlōp*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - leaks", "*habbāyit*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the house" }, "variants": { "*ʿăṣaltayim*": "laziness/slothfulness/idleness", "*yimmak*": "sinks/decays/deteriorates", "*hammə́qāreh*": "the beam-work/the roof/the ceiling", "*šiplût yādayim*": "lowness of hands/idleness/slack hands", "*yidlōp*": "leaks/drips/lets in rain", "*habbāyit*": "the house/the building" } }

{ "verseID": "Ecclesiastes.10.19", "source": "לִשְׂחוֹק֙ עֹשִׂ֣ים לֶ֔חֶם וְיַ֖יִן יְשַׂמַּ֣ח חַיִּ֑ים וְהַכֶּ֖סֶף יַעֲנֶ֥ה אֶת־הַכֹּֽל׃", "text": "For *śəḥôq ʿōśîm leḥem* *wə-yayin yəśammaḥ ḥayyîm* *wə-hakesep yaʿăneh* *ʾet-hakkōl*", "grammar": { "*li-śəḥôq*": "preposition + masculine singular noun - for laughter", "*ʿōśîm*": "qal participle masculine plural - they make", "*leḥem*": "masculine singular noun - bread/food", "*wə-yayin*": "conjunction + masculine singular noun - and wine", "*yəśammaḥ*": "piel imperfect 3rd masculine singular - makes glad", "*ḥayyîm*": "masculine plural noun - life/living", "*wə-hakesep*": "conjunction + definite article + masculine singular noun - and the silver/money", "*yaʿăneh*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - answers", "*ʾet-hakkōl*": "direct object marker + definite article + noun - everything" }, "variants": { "*śəḥôq*": "laughter/mirth/pleasure", "*ʿōśîm*": "they make/they prepare", "*leḥem*": "bread/food/feast", "*yayin*": "wine/strong drink", "*yəśammaḥ*": "gladdens/makes merry/brings joy to", "*ḥayyîm*": "life/living/the living", "*kesep*": "silver/money/currency", "*yaʿăneh*": "answers/provides/meets the need of", "*hakkōl*": "everything/all things" } }

{ "verseID": "Ecclesiastes.10.20", "source": "גַּ֣ם בְּמַדָּֽעֲךָ֗ מֶ֚לֶךְ אַל־תְּקַלֵּ֔ל וּבְחַדְרֵי֙ מִשְׁכָּ֣בְךָ֔ אַל־תְּקַלֵּ֖ל עָשִׁ֑יר כִּ֣י ע֤וֹף הַשָּׁמַ֙יִם֙ יוֹלִ֣יךְ אֶת־הַקּ֔וֹל וּבַ֥עַל כְּנָפַ֖יִם יַגֵּ֥יד דָּבָֽר׃", "text": "*gam* in *maddāʿăkā melek* not *təqallēl* and in *ḥadrê miškābəkā* not *təqallēl ʿāšîr* for *ʿôp haššāmayim yôlîk ʾet-haqqôl* and *baʿal kənāpayim yaggêd dābār*", "grammar": { "*gam*": "adverb - also/even", "*bə-maddāʿăkā*": "preposition + masculine singular noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - in your thought", "*melek*": "masculine singular noun - king", "*ʾal-təqallēl*": "negative particle + piel jussive 2nd masculine singular - do not curse", "*û-bə-ḥadrê*": "conjunction + preposition + masculine plural construct - and in chambers of", "*miškābəkā*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your bed", "*ʾal-təqallēl*": "negative particle + piel jussive 2nd masculine singular - do not curse", "*ʿāšîr*": "masculine singular adjective - rich", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*ʿôp*": "masculine singular construct - bird of", "*haššāmayim*": "definite article + masculine plural noun - the heavens", "*yôlîk*": "hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular - will carry", "*ʾet-haqqôl*": "direct object marker + definite article + masculine singular noun - the voice/sound", "*û-baʿal*": "conjunction + masculine singular construct - and master/owner of", "*kənāpayim*": "feminine dual noun - wings", "*yaggêd*": "hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular - will tell", "*dābār*": "masculine singular noun - word/matter" }, "variants": { "*maddāʿăkā*": "your thought/your knowledge/your mind", "*melek*": "king/ruler/sovereign", "*təqallēl*": "curse/revile/speak evil of", "*ḥadrê miškābəkā*": "chambers of your bed/your bedroom/private quarters", "*ʿāšîr*": "rich man/wealthy person", "*ʿôp haššāmayim*": "bird of the heavens/bird of the air", "*yôlîk*": "will carry/will transport/will convey", "*haqqôl*": "the voice/the sound/the words", "*baʿal kənāpayim*": "owner of wings/winged creature", "*yaggêd*": "will tell/will report/will inform", "*dābār*": "word/matter/thing" } }