{ "verseID": "Ecclesiastes.4.1", "source": "וְשַׁ֣בְתִּֽי אֲנִ֗י וָאֶרְאֶה֙ אֶת־כָּל־הָ֣עֲשֻׁקִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר נַעֲשִׂ֖ים תַּ֣חַת הַשָּׁ֑מֶשׁ וְהִנֵּ֣ה ׀ דִּמְעַ֣ת הָעֲשֻׁקִ֗ים וְאֵ֤ין לָהֶם֙ מְנַחֵ֔ם וּמִיַּ֤ד עֹֽשְׁקֵיהֶם֙ כֹּ֔חַ וְאֵ֥ין לָהֶ֖ם מְנַחֵֽם׃", "text": "*wə-šaḇtî* *ʾănî* *wā-ʾereʾeh* *ʾet*-all-the-*ʿăšuqîm* who *naʿăśîm* *taḥat* the-*šāmeš* and-*hinnēh* *dimʿat* the-*ʿăšuqîm* and-*ʾên* to-them *mənaḥēm* and-from-hand-of *ʿōšəqêhem* *kōaḥ* and-*ʾên* to-them *mənaḥēm*", "grammar": { "*wə-šaḇtî*": "conjunction + Qal perfect 1st person singular - and I turned/returned", "*ʾănî*": "personal pronoun, 1st person singular - I/myself", "*wā-ʾereʾeh*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 1st person singular - and I saw/beheld", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ʿăšuqîm*": "passive participle, masculine plural - oppressed ones", "*naʿăśîm*": "Niphal participle, masculine plural - being done/made", "*taḥat*": "preposition - under/beneath", "*šāmeš*": "noun, feminine singular - sun", "*hinnēh*": "demonstrative particle - behold/look", "*dimʿat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - tears of", "*ʾên*": "particle of negation - there is not", "*mənaḥēm*": "Piel participle, masculine singular - comforter/one who comforts", "*ʿōšəqêhem*": "noun, masculine plural + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their oppressors", "*kōaḥ*": "noun, masculine singular - power/strength" }, "variants": { "*šaḇtî*": "turned/returned/turned again", "*ʿăšuqîm*": "oppressed ones/those who are oppressed/victims", "*naʿăśîm*": "being done/being committed/being performed", "*taḥat ha-šāmeš*": "under the sun/in this world/in this life", "*mənaḥēm*": "comforter/consoler/one who provides comfort", "*kōaḥ*": "power/strength/might/force" } }

{ "verseID": "Ecclesiastes.4.2", "source": "וְשַׁבֵּ֧חַ אֲנִ֛י אֶת־הַמֵּתִ֖ים שֶׁכְּבָ֣ר מֵ֑תוּ מִן־הַ֣חַיִּ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֛ר הֵ֥מָּה חַיִּ֖ים עֲדֶֽנָה׃", "text": "*wə-šabbēaḥ* *ʾănî* *ʾet*-the-*mētîm* who-already *mētû* from-the-*ḥayyîm* who *hēmmāh* *ḥayyîm* *ʿădenāh*", "grammar": { "*wə-šabbēaḥ*": "conjunction + Piel participle, masculine singular - and praising", "*ʾănî*": "personal pronoun, 1st person singular - I/myself", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*mētîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - dead (ones)", "*mētû*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person plural - they died", "*ḥayyîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - living (ones)", "*hēmmāh*": "personal pronoun, 3rd person masculine plural - they", "*ʿădenāh*": "adverb - still/yet" }, "variants": { "*šabbēaḥ*": "praising/commending/congratulating", "*mētîm*": "dead ones/the dead", "*ḥayyîm*": "living ones/the living/those alive", "*ʿădenāh*": "still/yet/to this point" } }

{ "verseID": "Ecclesiastes.4.3", "source": "וְטוֹב֙ מִשְּׁנֵיהֶ֔ם אֵ֥ת אֲשֶׁר־עֲדֶ֖ן לֹ֣א הָיָ֑ה אֲשֶׁ֤ר לֹֽא־רָאָה֙ אֶת־הַמַּעֲשֶׂ֣ה הָרָ֔ע אֲשֶׁ֥ר נַעֲשָׂ֖ה תַּ֥חַת הַשָּֽׁמֶשׁ׃", "text": "*wə-ṭôḇ* from-*šənêhem* *ʾēt* who-*ʿăden* not *hāyāh* who not-*rāʾāh* *ʾet*-the-*maʿăśeh* the-*rāʿ* which *naʿăśâh* *taḥat* the-*šāmeš*", "grammar": { "*wə-ṭôḇ*": "conjunction + adjective, masculine singular - and better", "*šənêhem*": "numeral, dual construct + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - both of them", "*ʾēt*": "direct object marker", "*ʿăden*": "adverb - yet/still", "*hāyāh*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he was/existed", "*rāʾāh*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he saw", "*maʿăśeh*": "noun, masculine singular - work/deed/action", "*rāʿ*": "adjective, masculine singular - evil/bad", "*naʿăśâh*": "Niphal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - was done" }, "variants": { "*ṭôḇ*": "better/good/preferable", "*maʿăśeh*": "work/deed/action/activity", "*rāʿ*": "evil/bad/harmful/wicked/distressing", "*taḥat ha-šāmeš*": "under the sun/in this world/in this life" } }

{ "verseID": "Ecclesiastes.4.4", "source": "וְרָאִ֨יתִֽי אֲנִ֜י אֶת־כָּל־עָמָ֗ל וְאֵת֙ כָּל־כִּשְׁר֣וֹן הַֽמַּעֲשֶׂ֔ה כִּ֛י הִ֥יא קִנְאַת־אִ֖ישׁ מֵרֵעֵ֑הוּ גַּם־זֶ֥ה הֶ֖בֶל וּרְע֥וּת רֽוּחַ׃", "text": "*wə-rāʾîtî* *ʾănî* *ʾet*-all-*ʿāmāl* and-*ʾēt* all-*kišrôn* the-*maʿăśeh* that it *qinʾat*-*ʾîš* from-*rēʿēhû* also-this *heḇel* and-*rəʿût* *rûaḥ*", "grammar": { "*wə-rāʾîtî*": "conjunction + Qal perfect, 1st person singular - and I saw", "*ʾănî*": "personal pronoun, 1st person singular - I/myself", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ʿāmāl*": "noun, masculine singular - labor/toil", "*kišrôn*": "noun, masculine singular construct - success/skill", "*maʿăśeh*": "noun, masculine singular - work/deed", "*qinʾat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - envy/jealousy of", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - man", "*rēʿēhû*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his neighbor", "*heḇel*": "noun, masculine singular - vanity/breath/vapor", "*rəʿût*": "noun, feminine singular construct - striving/chasing after", "*rûaḥ*": "noun, feminine singular - wind/spirit" }, "variants": { "*ʿāmāl*": "labor/toil/trouble/effort", "*kišrôn*": "success/skill/achievement/advantage", "*qinʾat*": "envy/jealousy/rivalry", "*rēʿēhû*": "his neighbor/his companion/his fellow", "*heḇel*": "vanity/emptiness/breath/vapor/futility", "*rəʿût rûaḥ*": "chasing after wind/striving after wind/vexation of spirit/herding wind" } }

{ "verseID": "Ecclesiastes.4.5", "source": "הַכְּסִיל֙ חֹבֵ֣ק אֶת־יָדָ֔יו וְאֹכֵ֖ל אֶת־בְּשָׂרֽוֹ׃", "text": "The-*kəsîl* *ḥōḇēq* *ʾet*-*yādāyw* and-*ʾōḵēl* *ʾet*-*bəśārô*", "grammar": { "*kəsîl*": "noun, masculine singular - fool", "*ḥōḇēq*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - folding/embracing", "*yādāyw*": "noun, feminine dual + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his hands", "*ʾōḵēl*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - eating/consuming", "*bəśārô*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his flesh" }, "variants": { "*kəsîl*": "fool/stupid person", "*ḥōḇēq*": "folding/embracing/clasping", "*ʾōḵēl ʾet-bəśārô*": "eats his own flesh/consumes himself/destroys himself" } }

{ "verseID": "Ecclesiastes.4.6", "source": "ט֕וֹב מְלֹ֥א כַ֖ף נָ֑חַת מִמְּלֹ֥א חָפְנַ֛יִם עָמָ֖ל וּרְע֥וּת רֽוּחַ׃", "text": "*ṭôḇ* *məlōʾ* *ḵap* *nāḥat* from-*məlōʾ* *ḥopnayim* *ʿāmāl* and-*rəʿût* *rûaḥ*", "grammar": { "*ṭôḇ*": "adjective, masculine singular - better/good", "*məlōʾ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - fullness of", "*ḵap*": "noun, feminine singular - palm/hand", "*nāḥat*": "noun, masculine singular - quietness/rest", "*ḥopnayim*": "noun, masculine dual - handfuls/two hands cupped together", "*ʿāmāl*": "noun, masculine singular - labor/toil", "*rəʿût*": "noun, feminine singular construct - striving/chasing after", "*rûaḥ*": "noun, feminine singular - wind/spirit" }, "variants": { "*məlōʾ ḵap*": "handful/palmful", "*nāḥat*": "quietness/tranquility/rest", "*məlōʾ ḥopnayim*": "two handfuls/double handful", "*ʿāmāl*": "labor/toil/trouble/effort", "*rəʿût rûaḥ*": "chasing after wind/striving after wind/vexation of spirit" } }

{ "verseID": "Ecclesiastes.4.7", "source": "וְשַׁ֧בְתִּי אֲנִ֛י וָאֶרְאֶ֥ה הֶ֖בֶל תַּ֥חַת הַשָּֽׁמֶשׁ׃", "text": "*wə-šaḇtî* *ʾănî* *wā-ʾereʾeh* *heḇel* *taḥat* the-*šāmeš*", "grammar": { "*wə-šaḇtî*": "conjunction + Qal perfect, 1st person singular - and I turned/returned", "*ʾănî*": "personal pronoun, 1st person singular - I/myself", "*wā-ʾereʾeh*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 1st person singular - and I saw/beheld", "*heḇel*": "noun, masculine singular - vanity/breath/vapor", "*taḥat*": "preposition - under/beneath", "*šāmeš*": "noun, feminine singular - sun" }, "variants": { "*šaḇtî*": "turned/returned/turned again", "*heḇel*": "vanity/emptiness/futility/breath/vapor", "*taḥat ha-šāmeš*": "under the sun/in this world/in this life" } }

{ "verseID": "Ecclesiastes.4.8", "source": "יֵ֣שׁ אֶחָד֩ וְאֵ֨ין שֵׁנִ֜י גַּ֣ם בֵּ֧ן וָאָ֣ח אֵֽין־ל֗וֹ וְאֵ֥ין קֵץ֙ לְכָל־עֲמָל֔וֹ גַּם־עֵינ֖וֹ לֹא־תִשְׂבַּ֣ע עֹ֑שֶׁר וּלְמִ֣י ׀ אֲנִ֣י עָמֵ֗ל וּמְחַסֵּ֤ר אֶת־נַפְשִׁי֙ מִטּוֹבָ֔ה גַּם־זֶ֥‪ה הֶ֛בֶל וְעִנְיַ֥ן רָ֖ע הֽוּא׃", "text": "There is *ʾeḥād* and-*ʾên* *šēnî* also *bēn* and-*ʾāḥ* *ʾên*-to-him and-*ʾên* end to-all-*ʿămālô* also-*ʿênô* not-*tiśbaʿ* *ʿōšer* and-to-whom I *ʿāmēl* and-*məḥassēr* *ʾet*-*napšî* from-*ṭôḇāh* also-this *heḇel* and-*ʿinyan* *rāʿ* he", "grammar": { "*ʾeḥād*": "number, masculine singular - one (person)", "*ʾên*": "particle of negation - there is not", "*šēnî*": "ordinal number, masculine singular - second (person)", "*bēn*": "noun, masculine singular - son", "*ʾāḥ*": "noun, masculine singular - brother", "*ʿămālô*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his labor/toil", "*ʿênô*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his eye", "*tiśbaʿ*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular - it is satisfied", "*ʿōšer*": "noun, masculine singular - wealth/riches", "*ʿāmēl*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - laboring/toiling", "*məḥassēr*": "Piel participle, masculine singular - depriving/withholding from", "*napšî*": "noun, feminine singular + 1st person singular suffix - my soul", "*ṭôḇāh*": "noun, feminine singular - good/pleasure/happiness", "*heḇel*": "noun, masculine singular - vanity/breath/vapor", "*ʿinyan*": "noun, masculine singular - task/occupation/business", "*rāʿ*": "adjective, masculine singular - evil/bad" }, "variants": { "*ʾeḥād*": "one/alone/solitary person", "*šēnî*": "second/another/companion", "*ʿămālô*": "his labor/his toil/his effort", "*ʿênô lō-tiśbaʿ ʿōšer*": "his eye is not satisfied with riches/he is never satisfied with wealth", "*məḥassēr ʾet-napšî*": "depriving my soul/denying myself", "*ṭôḇāh*": "good things/pleasure/prosperity/happiness", "*ʿinyan rāʿ*": "evil task/grievous occupation/distressing business" } }

{ "verseID": "Ecclesiastes.4.9", "source": "טוֹבִ֥ים הַשְּׁנַ֖יִם מִן־הָאֶחָ֑ד אֲשֶׁ֧ר יֵשׁ־לָהֶ֛ם שָׂכָ֥ר ט֖וֹב בַּעֲמָלָֽם׃", "text": "*ṭôḇîm* the-*šənayim* from-the-*ʾeḥād* who there-is-to-them *śāḵār* *ṭôḇ* in-*ʿămālām*", "grammar": { "*ṭôḇîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - good/better", "*šənayim*": "numeral, masculine dual - two", "*ʾeḥād*": "number, masculine singular - one", "*śāḵār*": "noun, masculine singular - reward/wages", "*ṭôḇ*": "adjective, masculine singular - good", "*ʿămālām*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their labor/toil" }, "variants": { "*ṭôḇîm*": "better/good/preferable", "*śāḵār ṭôḇ*": "good reward/good wages/good return", "*ʿămālām*": "their labor/their toil/their work/their effort" } }

{ "verseID": "Ecclesiastes.4.10", "source": "כִּ֣י אִם־יִפֹּ֔לוּ הָאֶחָ֖ד יָקִ֣ים אֶת־חֲבֵר֑וֹ וְאִ֣יל֗וֹ הָֽאֶחָד֙ שֶׁיִפּ֔וֹל וְאֵ֥ין שֵׁנִ֖י לַהֲקִימֽוֹ׃", "text": "For if-*yippōlû* the-*ʾeḥād* *yāqîm* *ʾet*-*ḥăḇērô* and-*ʾîlô* the-*ʾeḥād* that-*yippôl* and-*ʾên* *šēnî* to-*hăqîmô*", "grammar": { "*yippōlû*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they fall", "*ʾeḥād*": "number, masculine singular - one (person)", "*yāqîm*": "Hiphil imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he will raise up", "*ḥăḇērô*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his companion", "*ʾîlô*": "interjection + preposition + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - woe to him", "*yippôl*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he falls", "*ʾên*": "particle of negation - there is not", "*šēnî*": "ordinal number, masculine singular - second (person)", "*hăqîmô*": "Hiphil infinitive construct + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - to raise him" }, "variants": { "*yippōlû*": "they fall/they stumble", "*yāqîm*": "will lift up/will help up/will raise", "*ḥăḇērô*": "his companion/his friend/his partner", "*ʾîlô*": "woe to him/alas for him", "*šēnî*": "second (person)/another/companion" } }

{ "verseID": "Ecclesiastes.4.11", "source": "גַּ֛ם אִם־יִשְׁכְּב֥וּ שְׁנַ֖יִם וְחַ֣ם לָהֶ֑ם וּלְאֶחָ֖ד אֵ֥יךְ יֵחָֽם׃", "text": "Also if-*yiškəḇû* *šənayim* and-*ḥam* to-them and-to-*ʾeḥād* how *yēḥām*", "grammar": { "*yiškəḇû*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they lie down", "*šənayim*": "numeral, masculine dual - two", "*ḥam*": "adjective, masculine singular - warm", "*ʾeḥād*": "number, masculine singular - one (person)", "*yēḥām*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he will be warm" }, "variants": { "*yiškəḇû*": "they lie down/they sleep together", "*ḥam*": "warm/heat", "*yēḥām*": "will become warm/will be warmed/can keep warm" } }

{ "verseID": "Ecclesiastes.4.12", "source": "וְאִֽם־יִתְקְפוֹ֙ הָאֶחָ֔ד הַשְּׁנַ֖יִם יַעַמְד֣וּ נֶגְדּ֑וֹ וְהַחוּט֙ הַֽמְשֻׁלָּ֔שׁ לֹ֥א בִמְהֵרָ֖ה יִנָּתֵֽק׃", "text": "And-if-*yitqəpô* the-*ʾeḥād* the-*šənayim* *yaʿamdû* *negdô* and-the-*ḥûṭ* the-*məšullāš* not in-*məhērāh* *yinnātēq*", "grammar": { "*yitqəpô*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - he overpowers him", "*ʾeḥād*": "number, masculine singular - one (person)", "*šənayim*": "numeral, masculine dual - two", "*yaʿamdû*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they will stand", "*negdô*": "preposition + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - against him", "*ḥûṭ*": "noun, masculine singular - thread/cord", "*məšullāš*": "Pual participle, masculine singular - threefold/tripled", "*məhērāh*": "adverb - quickly/speedily", "*yinnātēq*": "Niphal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - it will be broken" }, "variants": { "*yitqəpô*": "overpowers him/attacks him/prevails against him", "*yaʿamdû negdô*": "will stand against him/will withstand him/will resist him", "*ḥûṭ ha-məšullāš*": "threefold cord/triple-braided rope", "*məhērāh*": "quickly/easily/hastily", "*yinnātēq*": "will be broken/will be torn apart/will be snapped" } }

{ "verseID": "Ecclesiastes.4.13", "source": "ט֛וֹב יֶ֥לֶד מִסְכֵּ֖ן וְחָכָ֑ם מִמֶּ֤לֶךְ זָקֵן֙ וּכְסִ֔יל אֲשֶׁ֛ר לֹא־יָדַ֥ע לְהִזָּהֵ֖ר עֽוֹד׃", "text": "*ṭôḇ* *yeled* *miskēn* and-*ḥāḵām* from-*meleḵ* *zāqēn* and-*kəsîl* who not-*yādaʿ* to-*hizzāhēr* *ʿôd*", "grammar": { "*ṭôḇ*": "adjective, masculine singular - better/good", "*yeled*": "noun, masculine singular - child/boy/youth", "*miskēn*": "adjective, masculine singular - poor", "*ḥāḵām*": "adjective, masculine singular - wise", "*meleḵ*": "noun, masculine singular - king", "*zāqēn*": "adjective, masculine singular - old", "*kəsîl*": "adjective, masculine singular - foolish", "*yādaʿ*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he knew", "*hizzāhēr*": "Niphal infinitive construct - to be warned/admonished", "*ʿôd*": "adverb - still/yet/anymore" }, "variants": { "*yeled*": "child/boy/youth/young man", "*miskēn*": "poor/lowly/disadvantaged", "*ḥāḵām*": "wise/skillful/clever", "*kəsîl*": "foolish/stubborn/lacking wisdom", "*yādaʿ lə-hizzāhēr*": "knew to be warned/was able to receive instruction", "*ʿôd*": "still/anymore/any longer" } }

{ "verseID": "Ecclesiastes.4.14", "source": "כִּֽי־מִבֵּ֥ית הָסוּרִ֖ים יָצָ֣א לִמְלֹ֑ךְ כִּ֛י גַּ֥ם בְּמַלְכוּת֖וֹ נוֹלַ֥ד רָֽשׁ׃", "text": "For-from-*bêt* the-*sûrîm* *yāṣāʾ* to-*məlōḵ* for also in-*malḵûtô* *nôlad* *rāš*", "grammar": { "*bêt*": "noun, masculine singular construct - house of", "*sûrîm*": "Qal participle, masculine plural - prisoners/those who are bound", "*yāṣāʾ*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he came out/went forth", "*məlōḵ*": "Qal infinitive construct - to reign/rule", "*malḵûtô*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his kingdom", "*nôlad*": "Niphal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he was born", "*rāš*": "adjective, masculine singular - poor/impoverished" }, "variants": { "*bêt ha-sûrîm*": "house of prisoners/prison/place of confinement", "*yāṣāʾ li-məlōḵ*": "came out to reign/went forth to become king", "*nôlad rāš*": "was born poor/came into the world impoverished" } }

{ "verseID": "Ecclesiastes.4.15", "source": "רָאִ֙יתִי֙ אֶת־כָּל־הַ֣חַיִּ֔ים הַֽמְהַלְּכִ֖ים תַּ֣חַת הַשָּׁ֑מֶשׁ עִ֚ם הַיֶּ֣לֶד הַשֵּׁנִ֔י אֲשֶׁ֥ר יַעֲמֹ֖ד תַּחְתָּֽיו׃", "text": "*rāʾîtî* *ʾet*-all-the-*ḥayyîm* the-*məhalləḵîm* *taḥat* the-*šāmeš* with the-*yeled* the-*šēnî* who *yaʿămōd* *taḥtāyw*", "grammar": { "*rāʾîtî*": "Qal perfect, 1st person singular - I saw", "*ḥayyîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - living (ones)", "*məhalləḵîm*": "Piel participle, masculine plural - walking about", "*taḥat*": "preposition - under/beneath", "*šāmeš*": "noun, feminine singular - sun", "*yeled*": "noun, masculine singular - child/youth", "*šēnî*": "ordinal number, masculine singular - second", "*yaʿămōd*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he will stand", "*taḥtāyw*": "preposition + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - in his place" }, "variants": { "*ḥayyîm*": "living ones/the living", "*məhalləḵîm*": "walking about/going about/proceeding", "*taḥat ha-šāmeš*": "under the sun/in this world/in this life", "*yeled ha-šēnî*": "the second youth/the young successor", "*yaʿămōd taḥtāyw*": "will stand in his place/will succeed him/will take his position" } }

{ "verseID": "Ecclesiastes.4.16", "source": "אֵֽין־קֵ֣ץ לְכָל־הָעָ֗ם לְכֹ֤ל אֲשֶׁר־הָיָה֙ לִפְנֵיהֶ֔ם גַּ֥ם הָאַחֲרוֹנִ֖ים לֹ֣א יִשְׂמְחוּ־ב֑וֹ כִּֽי־גַם־זֶ֥ה הֶ֖בֶל וְרַעְי֥וֹן רֽוּחַ׃", "text": "*ʾên*-end to-all-the-*ʿām* to-all who-*hāyāh* before-them also the-*ʾaḥărônîm* not *yiśməḥû*-in-him for-also-this *heḇel* and-*raʿyôn* *rûaḥ*", "grammar": { "*ʾên*": "particle of negation - there is not", "*ʿām*": "noun, masculine singular - people", "*hāyāh*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he/it was", "*ʾaḥărônîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - those coming after/later ones", "*yiśməḥû*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they will rejoice", "*heḇel*": "noun, masculine singular - vanity/breath/vapor", "*raʿyôn*": "noun, masculine singular construct - striving/chasing after", "*rûaḥ*": "noun, feminine singular - wind/spirit" }, "variants": { "*ʿām*": "people/nation/populace", "*ʾaḥărônîm*": "those who come later/those in future generations/those who follow", "*yiśməḥû*": "will rejoice/will be pleased/will delight", "*heḇel*": "vanity/emptiness/futility/breath/vapor", "*raʿyôn rûaḥ*": "chasing after wind/striving after wind/vexation of spirit" } }

{ "verseID": "Ecclesiastes.4.17", "source": "שְׁמֹ֣ר רַגְלְךָ֗ כַּאֲשֶׁ֤ר תֵּלֵךְ֙ אֶל־בֵּ֣ית הָאֱלֹהִ֔ים וְקָר֣וֹב לִשְׁמֹ֔עַ מִתֵּ֥ת הַכְּסִילִ֖ים זָ֑בַח כִּֽי־אֵינָ֥ם יוֹדְעִ֖ים לַעֲשׂ֥וֹת רָֽע׃", "text": "*šəmōr* *ragləḵā* when *tēlēḵ* to-*bêt* the-*ʾĕlōhîm* and-*qārôḇ* to-*šəmōaʿ* from-*tēt* the-*kəsîlîm* *zāḇaḥ* for-they-are-not *yôdəʿîm* to-*ʿăśôt* *rāʿ*", "grammar": { "*šəmōr*": "Qal imperative, masculine singular - guard/keep", "*ragləḵā*": "noun, feminine singular + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your foot", "*tēlēḵ*": "Qal imperfect, 2nd person masculine singular - you go", "*bêt*": "noun, masculine singular construct - house of", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine plural - God", "*qārôḇ*": "adjective, masculine singular - near/close/ready", "*šəmōaʿ*": "Qal infinitive construct - to hear/listen", "*tēt*": "Qal infinitive construct - to give", "*kəsîlîm*": "noun, masculine plural - fools", "*zāḇaḥ*": "noun, masculine singular - sacrifice", "*yôdəʿîm*": "Qal participle, masculine plural - knowing", "*ʿăśôt*": "Qal infinitive construct - to do/make", "*rāʿ*": "noun, masculine singular - evil/wickedness" }, "variants": { "*šəmōr ragləḵā*": "guard your foot/watch your step/be careful how you go", "*bêt ha-ʾĕlōhîm*": "house of God/temple", "*qārôḇ li-šəmōaʿ*": "ready to hear/drawing near to listen/attentive", "*tēt zāḇaḥ*": "giving sacrifice/offering sacrifice", "*kəsîlîm*": "fools/foolish ones/stupid people", "*ʿăśôt rāʿ*": "doing evil/committing wickedness/doing wrong" } }