{ "verseID": "Esther.1.1", "source": "וַיְהִ֖י בִּימֵ֣י אֲחַשְׁוֵר֑וֹשׁ ה֣וּא אֲחַשְׁוֵר֗וֹשׁ הַמֹּלֵךְ֙ מֵהֹ֣דּוּ וְעַד־כּ֔וּשׁ שֶׁ֛בַע וְעֶשְׂרִ֥ים וּמֵאָ֖ה מְדִינָֽה׃", "text": "And *wayəhî* in *yəmê* *ʾăḥašwērôš* he *hûʾ* *ʾăḥašwērôš* the *hammōlēḵ* from *hōddû* and until *kûš* seven and twenty and hundred *məḏînâ*", "grammar": { "*wayəhî*": "consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and it came to pass/happened", "*yəmê*": "construct plural of *yôm* - days of", "*ʾăḥašwērôš*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Ahasuerus/Xerxes", "*hûʾ*": "3rd person masculine singular pronoun - he", "*hammōlēḵ*": "definite article + participle, masculine singular - the one ruling/king", "*hōddû*": "proper noun - India", "*kûš*": "proper noun - Ethiopia/Cush", "*məḏînâ*": "feminine singular noun - province/district" }, "variants": { "*wayəhî*": "and it happened/and it came to pass/and it was", "*hammōlēḵ*": "the ruling one/the king/the one who reigned", "*məḏînâ*": "province/administrative district/state" } }

{ "verseID": "Esther.1.2", "source": "בַּיָּמִ֖ים הָהֵ֑ם כְּשֶׁ֣בֶת ׀ הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ אֲחַשְׁוֵר֗וֹשׁ עַ֚ל כִּסֵּ֣א מַלְכוּת֔וֹ אֲשֶׁ֖ר בְּשׁוּשַׁ֥ן הַבִּירָֽה׃", "text": "In the *yāmîm* those when *kəšeḇeṯ* the *meleḵ* *ʾăḥašwērôš* upon *kissēʾ* *malḵûṯô* which in *šûšan* the *bîrâ*", "grammar": { "*yāmîm*": "masculine plural noun with definite article - the days", "*kəšeḇeṯ*": "preposition *kə* + infinitive construct of *yāšaḇ* - when sitting/as sat", "*meleḵ*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the king", "*kissēʾ*": "masculine singular construct - throne of", "*malḵûṯô*": "feminine singular noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his kingdom/royalty", "*šûšan*": "proper noun - Susa", "*bîrâ*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - the palace/fortress/citadel" }, "variants": { "*kəšeḇeṯ*": "when sat/as sat/at the sitting of", "*bîrâ*": "citadel/palace/capital/fortress" } }

{ "verseID": "Esther.1.3", "source": "בִּשְׁנַ֤ת שָׁלוֹשׁ֙ לְמָלְכ֔וֹ עָשָׂ֣ה מִשְׁתֶּ֔ה לְכָל־שָׂרָ֖יו וַעֲבָדָ֑יו חֵ֣יל ׀ פָּרַ֣ס וּמָדַ֗י הַֽפַּרְתְּמִ֛ים וְשָׂרֵ֥י הַמְּדִינ֖וֹת לְפָנָֽיו׃", "text": "In *šənaṯ* three to *mālḵô*, he *ʿāśâ* *mišteh* to all *śārāyw* and *ʿăḇāḏāyw*, *ḥêl* *pāras* and *māḏay*, the *partəmîm* and *śārê* the *məḏînôṯ* before him", "grammar": { "*šənaṯ*": "feminine singular construct - year of", "*mālḵô*": "infinitive construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his reign", "*ʿāśâ*": "perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he made/did", "*mišteh*": "masculine singular noun - feast/banquet", "*śārāyw*": "masculine plural noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his officials/princes", "*ʿăḇāḏāyw*": "masculine plural noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his servants", "*ḥêl*": "masculine singular noun - army/force/strength", "*pāras*": "proper noun - Persia", "*māḏay*": "proper noun - Media", "*partəmîm*": "masculine plural noun with definite article - the nobles/officials", "*śārê*": "masculine plural construct - princes/officials of", "*məḏînôṯ*": "feminine plural noun with definite article - the provinces" }, "variants": { "*mišteh*": "feast/banquet/drinking party", "*śārāyw*": "officials/princes/nobles", "*ḥêl*": "army/military force/strength/power", "*partəmîm*": "nobles/aristocrats/officials of high rank" } }

{ "verseID": "Esther.1.4", "source": "בְּהַרְאֹת֗וֹ אֶת־עֹ֙שֶׁר֙ כְּב֣וֹד מַלְכוּת֔וֹ וְאֶ֨ת־יְקָ֔ר תִּפְאֶ֖רֶת גְּדוּלָּת֑וֹ יָמִ֣ים רַבִּ֔ים שְׁמוֹנִ֥ים וּמְאַ֖ת יֽוֹם׃", "text": "In *harəʾōṯô* *ʾeṯ* *ʿōšer* *kəḇôḏ* *malḵûṯô* and *ʾeṯ* *yəqār* *tipʾereṯ* *gəḏûllāṯô* *yāmîm* *rabbîm*, eighty and hundred *yôm*", "grammar": { "*harəʾōṯô*": "infinitive construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his showing", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*ʿōšer*": "masculine singular construct - wealth of", "*kəḇôḏ*": "masculine singular construct - glory of", "*malḵûṯô*": "feminine singular noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his kingdom", "*yəqār*": "masculine singular construct - splendor/honor of", "*tipʾereṯ*": "feminine singular construct - beauty/glory of", "*gəḏûllāṯô*": "feminine singular noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his greatness", "*yāmîm*": "masculine plural noun - days", "*rabbîm*": "masculine plural adjective - many", "*yôm*": "masculine singular noun - day" }, "variants": { "*harəʾōṯô*": "when he showed/in his displaying/as he exhibited", "*ʿōšer*": "wealth/riches", "*kəḇôḏ*": "glory/honor/splendor", "*yəqār*": "preciousness/honor/value", "*tipʾereṯ*": "beauty/glory/splendor" } }

{ "verseID": "Esther.1.5", "source": "וּבִמְל֣וֹאת ׀ הַיָּמִ֣ים הָאֵ֗לֶּה עָשָׂ֣ה הַמֶּ֡לֶךְ לְכָל־הָעָ֣ם הַנִּמְצְאִים֩ בְּשׁוּשַׁ֨ן הַבִּירָ֜ה לְמִגָּד֧וֹל וְעַד־קָטָ֛ן מִשְׁתֶּ֖ה שִׁבְעַ֣ת יָמִ֑ים בַּחֲצַ֕ר גִּנַּ֥ת בִּיתַ֖ן הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃", "text": "And in *məlôʾṯ* the *yāmîm* these *ʿāśâ* the *meleḵ* to all the *ʿām* the *nimeṣʾîm* in *šûšan* the *bîrâ*, to *miggāḏôl* and unto *qāṭān*, *mišteh* seven *yāmîm* in *ḥăṣar* *ginnaṯ* *bîṯan* the *meleḵ*", "grammar": { "*məlôʾṯ*": "infinitive construct - fulfilling/completing", "*yāmîm*": "masculine plural noun with definite article - the days", "*ʿāśâ*": "perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he made", "*meleḵ*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the king", "*ʿām*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the people", "*nimeṣʾîm*": "niphal participle, masculine plural with definite article - the ones being found", "*bîrâ*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - the citadel/palace", "*miggāḏôl*": "preposition *min* + masculine singular adjective - from great", "*qāṭān*": "masculine singular adjective - small", "*mišteh*": "masculine singular noun - feast", "*ḥăṣar*": "masculine singular construct - court of", "*ginnaṯ*": "feminine singular construct - garden of", "*bîṯan*": "masculine singular noun - palace/pavilion", "*meleḵ*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the king" }, "variants": { "*məlôʾṯ*": "completion/fulfillment/ending", "*ʿām*": "people/nation/populace", "*nimeṣʾîm*": "being found/present/being there", "*ḥăṣar*": "court/courtyard/enclosure", "*bîṯan*": "palace/pavilion/house" } }

{ "verseID": "Esther.1.6", "source": "ח֣וּר ׀ כַּרְפַּ֣ס וּתְכֵ֗לֶת אָחוּז֙ בְּחַבְלֵי־ב֣וּץ וְאַרְגָּמָ֔ן עַל־גְּלִ֥ילֵי כֶ֖סֶף וְעַמּ֣וּדֵי שֵׁ֑שׁ מִטּ֣וֹת ׀ זָהָ֣ב וָכֶ֗סֶף עַ֛ל רִֽצְפַ֥ת בַּהַט־וָשֵׁ֖שׁ וְדַ֥ר וְסֹחָֽרֶת׃", "text": "*ḥûr* *karpas* and *təḵēleṯ* *ʾāḥûz* with *ḥaḇlê* *ḇûṣ* and *ʾargāmān* upon *gəlîlê* *keseṗ* and *ʿammûḏê* *šēš*; *miṭṭôṯ* *zāhāḇ* and *ḵeseṗ* upon *riṣpaṯ* *bahaṭ* and *šēš* and *dar* and *sōḥāreṯ*", "grammar": { "*ḥûr*": "masculine singular noun - white fabric/linen", "*karpas*": "masculine singular noun - cotton/fine linen", "*təḵēleṯ*": "feminine singular noun - blue cloth/material", "*ʾāḥûz*": "qal passive participle, masculine singular - fastened/held", "*ḥaḇlê*": "masculine plural construct - cords of", "*ḇûṣ*": "masculine singular noun - fine linen", "*ʾargāmān*": "masculine singular noun - purple cloth/material", "*gəlîlê*": "masculine plural construct - rings of", "*keseṗ*": "masculine singular noun - silver", "*ʿammûḏê*": "masculine plural construct - pillars of", "*šēš*": "masculine singular noun - marble/alabaster", "*miṭṭôṯ*": "feminine plural noun - couches/beds", "*zāhāḇ*": "masculine singular noun - gold", "*ḵeseṗ*": "masculine singular noun - silver", "*riṣpaṯ*": "feminine singular construct - pavement of", "*bahaṭ*": "masculine singular noun - porphyry/red marble", "*dar*": "masculine singular noun - pearl/mother-of-pearl", "*sōḥāreṯ*": "feminine singular noun - black marble/dark stone" }, "variants": { "*ḥûr*": "white cloth/white linen/white cotton", "*karpas*": "fine linen/cotton/green cloth", "*təḵēleṯ*": "blue cloth/blue-purple fabric/violet material", "*ʾāḥûz*": "fastened/attached/held/tied", "*gəlîlê*": "rings/rods/cylinders", "*šēš*": "marble/alabaster/white stone", "*bahaṭ*": "porphyry/marble/alabaster", "*dar*": "pearl/mother-of-pearl/alabaster", "*sōḥāreṯ*": "black marble/dark stone/mosaic" } }

{ "verseID": "Esther.1.7", "source": "וְהַשְׁקוֹת֙ בִּכְלֵ֣י זָהָ֔ב וְכֵלִ֖ים מִכֵּלִ֣ים שׁוֹנִ֑ים וְיֵ֥ין מַלְכ֛וּת רָ֖ב כְּיַ֥ד הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃", "text": "And *hašqôṯ* in *kəlê* *zāhāḇ* and *kēlîm* from *kēlîm* *šônîm*, and *yêyn* *malḵûṯ* *rāḇ* according to *yaḏ* the *meleḵ*", "grammar": { "*hašqôṯ*": "hiphil infinitive construct - causing to drink/serving drink", "*kəlê*": "masculine plural construct - vessels of", "*zāhāḇ*": "masculine singular noun - gold", "*kēlîm*": "masculine plural noun - vessels", "*šônîm*": "qal participle, masculine plural - differing/diverse", "*yêyn*": "masculine singular noun - wine", "*malḵûṯ*": "feminine singular noun - royal/kingdom", "*rāḇ*": "masculine singular adjective - abundant/much", "*yaḏ*": "feminine singular construct - hand of", "*meleḵ*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the king" }, "variants": { "*hašqôṯ*": "giving drink/serving beverages/providing drink", "*kəlê*": "vessels/containers/utensils", "*kēlîm*": "vessels/utensils/containers", "*šônîm*": "different/diverse/various", "*yêyn malḵûṯ*": "royal wine/kingdom wine/wine of the kingdom", "*yaḏ*": "hand/generosity/power" } }

{ "verseID": "Esther.1.8", "source": "וְהַשְּׁתִיָּ֥ה כַדָּ֖ת אֵ֣ין אֹנֵ֑ס כִּי־כֵ֣ן ׀ יִסַּ֣ד הַמֶּ֗לֶךְ עַ֚ל כָּל־רַ֣ב בֵּית֔וֹ לַעֲשׂ֖וֹת כִּרְצ֥וֹן אִישׁ־וָאִֽישׁ׃", "text": "And the *šəṯîyyâ* according to the *dāṯ* *ʾên* *ʾōnēs*, for thus *yissaḏ* the *meleḵ* upon all *raḇ* *bêṯô* to do according to *rəṣôn* *ʾîš* and *ʾîš*", "grammar": { "*šəṯîyyâ*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - the drinking", "*dāṯ*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - the law/decree", "*ʾên*": "particle of negation - there is no", "*ʾōnēs*": "masculine singular noun - compulsion/forcing", "*yissaḏ*": "piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he established/appointed", "*meleḵ*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the king", "*raḇ*": "masculine singular construct - officer/chief of", "*bêṯô*": "masculine singular noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his house", "*rəṣôn*": "masculine singular construct - pleasure/will of", "*ʾîš*": "masculine singular noun - man/each" }, "variants": { "*šəṯîyyâ*": "drinking/consumption of beverages", "*dāṯ*": "law/decree/edict", "*ʾōnēs*": "compulsion/forcing/pressure", "*yissaḏ*": "established/appointed/ordered/arranged", "*raḇ*": "chief/steward/officer", "*rəṣôn*": "desire/will/pleasure" } }

{ "verseID": "Esther.1.9", "source": "גַּ֚ם וַשְׁתִּ֣י הַמַּלְכָּ֔ה עָשְׂתָ֖ה מִשְׁתֵּ֣ה נָשִׁ֑ים בֵּ֚ית הַמַּלְכ֔וּת אֲשֶׁ֖ר לַמֶּ֥לֶךְ אֲחַשְׁוֵרֽוֹשׁ׃ ס", "text": "Also *waštî* the *malkâ* *ʿāśṯâ* *mištēh* *nāšîm* in *bêṯ* the *malḵûṯ* which belonged to the *meleḵ* *ʾăḥašwērôš*", "grammar": { "*waštî*": "proper noun, feminine - Vashti", "*malkâ*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - the queen", "*ʿāśṯâ*": "qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - she made", "*mištēh*": "masculine singular construct - feast of", "*nāšîm*": "feminine plural noun - women", "*bêṯ*": "masculine singular construct - house of", "*malḵûṯ*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - the royalty/kingdom", "*meleḵ*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the king", "*ʾăḥašwērôš*": "proper noun, masculine - Ahasuerus" }, "variants": { "*mištēh*": "feast/banquet/drinking feast", "*bêṯ* the *malḵûṯ*": "royal house/palace/royal residence" } }

{ "verseID": "Esther.1.10", "source": "בַּיּוֹם֙ הַשְּׁבִיעִ֔י כְּט֥וֹב לֵב־הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ בַּיָּ֑יִן אָמַ֡ר לִ֠מְהוּמָן בִּזְּתָ֨א חַרְבוֹנָ֜א בִּגְתָ֤א וַאֲבַגְתָא֙ זֵתַ֣ר וְכַרְכַּ֔ס שִׁבְעַת֙ הַסָּ֣רִיסִ֔ים הַמְשָׁ֣רְתִ֔ים אֶת־פְּנֵ֖י הַמֶּ֥לֶךְ אֲחַשְׁוֵרֽוֹשׁ׃", "text": "On the *yôm* the *šəḇîʿî*, when *ṭôḇ* *lēḇ* the *meleḵ* with *yayin*, he *ʾāmar* to *məhûmān*, *bizzeṯāʾ*, *ḥarḇônāʾ*, *biḡṯāʾ*, and *ʾăḇaḡṯāʾ*, *zēṯar*, and *karkas*, seven the *sārîsîm* the *məšārəṯîm* *ʾeṯ* *pənê* the *meleḵ* *ʾăḥašwērôš*", "grammar": { "*yôm*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the day", "*šəḇîʿî*": "ordinal number, masculine singular with definite article - the seventh", "*ṭôḇ*": "qal infinitive construct - being good/merry", "*lēḇ*": "masculine singular construct - heart of", "*meleḵ*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the king", "*yayin*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the wine", "*ʾāmar*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he said", "*məhûmān*": "proper noun - Mehuman", "*bizzeṯāʾ*": "proper noun - Biztha", "*ḥarḇônāʾ*": "proper noun - Harbona", "*biḡṯāʾ*": "proper noun - Bigtha", "*ʾăḇaḡṯāʾ*": "proper noun - Abagtha", "*zēṯar*": "proper noun - Zethar", "*karkas*": "proper noun - Carcas", "*sārîsîm*": "masculine plural noun with definite article - the eunuchs/chamberlains", "*məšārəṯîm*": "piel participle, masculine plural with definite article - the ones serving", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*pənê*": "masculine plural construct - face of", "*meleḵ*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the king", "*ʾăḥašwērôš*": "proper noun - Ahasuerus" }, "variants": { "*ṭôḇ* *lēḇ*": "merry heart/heart was good/cheerful mood", "*sārîsîm*": "eunuchs/chamberlains/court officials", "*məšārəṯîm*": "serving/ministering/attending", "*pənê*": "face/presence/person" } }

{ "verseID": "Esther.1.11", "source": "לְ֠הָבִיא אֶת־וַשְׁתִּ֧י הַמַּלְכָּ֛ה לִפְנֵ֥י הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ בְּכֶ֣תֶר מַלְכ֑וּת לְהַרְא֨וֹת הָֽעַמִּ֤ים וְהַשָּׂרִים֙ אֶת־יָפְיָ֔הּ כִּֽי־טוֹבַ֥ת מַרְאֶ֖ה הִֽיא׃", "text": "To *hāḇîʾ* *ʾeṯ* *waštî* the *malkâ* before the *meleḵ* with *keṯer* *malḵûṯ*, to *harəʾôṯ* the *ʿammîm* and the *śārîm* *ʾeṯ* *yāpyāh* for *ṭôḇaṯ* *marʾeh* she was", "grammar": { "*hāḇîʾ*": "hiphil infinitive construct - to bring", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*waštî*": "proper noun, feminine - Vashti", "*malkâ*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - the queen", "*meleḵ*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the king", "*keṯer*": "masculine singular construct - crown of", "*malḵûṯ*": "feminine singular noun - royalty/kingdom", "*harəʾôṯ*": "hiphil infinitive construct - to show", "*ʿammîm*": "masculine plural noun with definite article - the peoples", "*śārîm*": "masculine plural noun with definite article - the officials", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*yāpyāh*": "masculine singular noun + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her beauty", "*ṭôḇaṯ*": "feminine singular construct - good of", "*marʾeh*": "masculine singular noun - appearance", "*hîʾ*": "3rd person feminine singular pronoun - she" }, "variants": { "*keṯer* *malḵûṯ*": "royal crown/crown of the kingdom", "*ṭôḇaṯ* *marʾeh*": "good of appearance/beautiful/fair to look at" } }

{ "verseID": "Esther.1.12", "source": "וַתְּמָאֵ֞ן הַמַּלְכָּ֣ה וַשְׁתִּ֗י לָבוֹא֙ בִּדְבַ֣ר הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ אֲשֶׁ֖ר בְּיַ֣ד הַסָּרִיסִ֑ים וַיִּקְצֹ֤ף הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ מְאֹ֔ד וַחֲמָת֖וֹ בָּעֲרָ֥ה בֽוֹ׃", "text": "But *wattəmāʾēn* the *malkâ* *waštî* to *lāḇôʾ* at *dəḇar* the *meleḵ* which by *yaḏ* the *sārîsîm*, and *wayyiqṣōp̄* the *meleḵ* very, and *ḥămāṯô* *bāʿărâ* in him", "grammar": { "*wattəmāʾēn*": "qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd feminine singular - and she refused", "*malkâ*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - the queen", "*waštî*": "proper noun, feminine - Vashti", "*lāḇôʾ*": "qal infinitive construct - to come", "*dəḇar*": "masculine singular construct - word of", "*meleḵ*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the king", "*yaḏ*": "feminine singular construct - hand of", "*sārîsîm*": "masculine plural noun with definite article - the eunuchs", "*wayyiqṣōp̄*": "qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - and he became angry", "*meleḵ*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the king", "*ḥămāṯô*": "feminine singular noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his wrath", "*bāʿărâ*": "qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - it burned" }, "variants": { "*wattəmāʾēn*": "and she refused/she declined/she was unwilling", "*dəḇar*": "word/command/matter", "*wayyiqṣōp̄*": "and he became angry/and he was furious/and he raged", "*ḥămāṯô* *bāʿărâ*": "his wrath burned/his fury was kindled/his anger was ignited" } }

{ "verseID": "Esther.1.13", "source": "וַיֹּ֣אמֶר הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ לַחֲכָמִ֖ים יֹדְעֵ֣י הֽ͏ָעִתִּ֑ים כִּי־כֵן֙ דְּבַ֣ר הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ לִפְנֵ֕י כָּל־יֹדְעֵ֖י דָּ֥ת וָדִֽין׃", "text": "And *wayyōʾmer* the *meleḵ* to the *ḥăḵāmîm* *yōḏəʿê* the *ʿittîm* for thus was *dəḇar* the *meleḵ* before all *yōḏəʿê* *dāṯ* and *dîn*", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*meleḵ*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the king", "*ḥăḵāmîm*": "masculine plural adjective/noun with definite article - the wise men", "*yōḏəʿê*": "qal participle, masculine plural construct - knowers of", "*ʿittîm*": "feminine plural noun with definite article - the times", "*dəḇar*": "masculine singular construct - word/matter of", "*meleḵ*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the king", "*yōḏəʿê*": "qal participle, masculine plural construct - knowers of", "*dāṯ*": "feminine singular noun - law", "*dîn*": "masculine singular noun - judgment" }, "variants": { "*ḥăḵāmîm*": "wise men/sages/counselors", "*yōḏəʿê* the *ʿittîm*": "knowers of the times/experts in timing/astrologers", "*dāṯ* and *dîn*": "law and judgment/legal procedure/law and justice" } }

{ "verseID": "Esther.1.14", "source": "וְהַקָּרֹ֣ב אֵלָ֗יו כַּרְשְׁנָ֤א שֵׁתָר֙ אַדְמָ֣תָא תַרְשִׁ֔ישׁ מֶ֥רֶס מַרְסְנָ֖א מְמוּכָ֑ן שִׁבְעַ֞ת שָׂרֵ֣י ׀ פָּרַ֣ס וּמָדַ֗י רֹאֵי֙ פְּנֵ֣י הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ הַיֹּשְׁבִ֥ים רִאשֹׁנָ֖ה בַּמַּלְכֽוּת׃", "text": "And the *qārōḇ* to him *karšənāʾ*, *šēṯār*, *ʾaḏmāṯāʾ*, *taršîš*, *meres*, *marsənāʾ*, *məmûḵān*, seven *śārê* *pāras* and *māḏay*, *rōʾê* *pənê* the *meleḵ*, the *yōšəḇîm* first in the *malḵûṯ*", "grammar": { "*qārōḇ*": "adjective, masculine singular with definite article - the near", "*karšənāʾ*": "proper noun - Carshena", "*šēṯār*": "proper noun - Shethar", "*ʾaḏmāṯāʾ*": "proper noun - Admatha", "*taršîš*": "proper noun - Tarshish", "*meres*": "proper noun - Meres", "*marsənāʾ*": "proper noun - Marsena", "*məmûḵān*": "proper noun - Memucan", "*śārê*": "masculine plural construct - princes of", "*pāras*": "proper noun - Persia", "*māḏay*": "proper noun - Media", "*rōʾê*": "qal participle, masculine plural construct - seers of", "*pənê*": "masculine plural construct - face of", "*meleḵ*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the king", "*yōšəḇîm*": "qal participle, masculine plural with definite article - the ones sitting", "*malḵûṯ*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - the kingdom" }, "variants": { "*qārōḇ*": "near/nearest/closest", "*rōʾê* *pənê*": "seers of face/those who saw the face/those having access to", "*yōšəḇîm* first": "sitting in first position/having first rank/in highest positions" } }

{ "verseID": "Esther.1.15", "source": "כְּדָת֙ מַֽה־לַּעֲשׂ֔וֹת בַּמַּלְכָּ֖ה וַשְׁתִּ֑י עַ֣ל ׀ אֲשֶׁ֣ר לֹֽא־עָשְׂתָ֗ה אֶֽת־מַאֲמַר֙ הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ אֲחַשְׁוֵר֔וֹשׁ בְּיַ֖ד הַסָּרִיסִֽים׃ ס", "text": "According to *dāṯ* what to *laʿăśôṯ* with the *malkâ* *waštî* because she not *ʿāśṯâ* *ʾeṯ* *maʾămar* the *meleḵ* *ʾăḥašwērôš* by *yaḏ* the *sārîsîm*", "grammar": { "*dāṯ*": "feminine singular noun - law", "*laʿăśôṯ*": "qal infinitive construct - to do", "*malkâ*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - the queen", "*waštî*": "proper noun, feminine - Vashti", "*ʿāśṯâ*": "qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - she did", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*maʾămar*": "masculine singular construct - command of", "*meleḵ*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the king", "*ʾăḥašwērôš*": "proper noun - Ahasuerus", "*yaḏ*": "feminine singular construct - hand of", "*sārîsîm*": "masculine plural noun with definite article - the eunuchs" }, "variants": { "*dāṯ*": "law/legal procedure/decree", "*maʾămar*": "command/word/order" } }

{ "verseID": "Esther.1.16", "source": "וַיֹּ֣אמֶר *מומכן **מְמוּכָ֗ן לִפְנֵ֤י הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ וְהַשָּׂרִ֔ים לֹ֤א עַל־הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ לְבַדּ֔וֹ עָוְתָ֖ה וַשְׁתִּ֣י הַמַּלְכָּ֑ה כִּ֤י עַל־כָּל־הַשָּׂרִים֙ וְעַל־כָּל־הָ֣עַמִּ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֕ר בְּכָל־מְדִינ֖וֹת הַמֶּ֥לֶךְ אֲחַשְׁוֵרֽוֹשׁ׃", "text": "And *wayyōʾmer* *məmûḵān* before the *meleḵ* and the *śārîm*, not against the *meleḵ* alone *ʿāwəṯâ* *waštî* the *malkâ*, but against all the *śārîm* and against all the *ʿammîm* which in all *məḏînôṯ* the *meleḵ* *ʾăḥašwērôš*", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*məmûḵān*": "proper noun - Memucan", "*meleḵ*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the king", "*śārîm*": "masculine plural noun with definite article - the officials", "*meleḵ*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the king", "*ʿāwəṯâ*": "qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - she has done wrong", "*waštî*": "proper noun, feminine - Vashti", "*malkâ*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - the queen", "*śārîm*": "masculine plural noun with definite article - the officials", "*ʿammîm*": "masculine plural noun with definite article - the peoples", "*məḏînôṯ*": "feminine plural construct - provinces of", "*meleḵ*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the king", "*ʾăḥašwērôš*": "proper noun - Ahasuerus" }, "variants": { "*ʿāwəṯâ*": "done wrong/transgressed/committed offense against", "*məḏînôṯ*": "provinces/districts/territories" } }

{ "verseID": "Esther.1.17", "source": "כִּֽי־יֵצֵ֤א דְבַר־הַמַּלְכָּה֙ עַל־כָּל־הַנָּשִׁ֔ים לְהַבְז֥וֹת בַּעְלֵיהֶ֖ן בְּעֵינֵיהֶ֑ן בְּאָמְרָ֗ם הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ אֲחַשְׁוֵר֡וֹשׁ אָמַ֞ר לְהָבִ֨יא אֶת־וַשְׁתִּ֧י הַמַּלְכָּ֛ה לְפָנָ֖יו וְלֹא־בָֽאָה׃", "text": "For will go forth *dəḇar* the *malkâ* to all the *nāšîm* to *haḇzôṯ* *baʿălêhen* in *ʿênêhen* in their saying the *meleḵ* *ʾăḥašwērôš* *ʾāmar* to *hāḇîʾ* *ʾeṯ* *waštî* the *malkâ* before him and not she came", "grammar": { "*dəḇar*": "masculine singular construct - word of", "*malkâ*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - the queen", "*nāšîm*": "feminine plural noun with definite article - the women", "*haḇzôṯ*": "hiphil infinitive construct - to cause to despise", "*baʿălêhen*": "masculine plural noun + 3rd feminine plural suffix - their husbands", "*ʿênêhen*": "feminine dual noun + 3rd feminine plural suffix - their eyes", "*meleḵ*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the king", "*ʾăḥašwērôš*": "proper noun - Ahasuerus", "*ʾāmar*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he said", "*hāḇîʾ*": "hiphil infinitive construct - to bring", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*waštî*": "proper noun, feminine - Vashti", "*malkâ*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - the queen" }, "variants": { "*dəḇar*": "word/report/matter", "*haḇzôṯ*": "to cause to despise/to make contemptible/to cause to disdain" } }

{ "verseID": "Esther.1.18", "source": "וְֽהַיּ֨וֹם הַזֶּ֜ה תֹּאמַ֣רְנָה ׀ שָׂר֣וֹת פָּֽרַס־וּמָדַ֗י אֲשֶׁ֤ר שָֽׁמְעוּ֙ אֶת־דְּבַ֣ר הַמַּלְכָּ֔ה לְכֹ֖ל שָׂרֵ֣י הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ וּכְדַ֖י בִּזָּי֥וֹן וָקָֽצֶף׃", "text": "And *hayyôm* this *tōʾmarnâ* *śārôṯ* *pāras* and *māḏay* who *šāməʿû* *ʾeṯ* *dəḇar* the *malkâ* to all *śārê* the *meleḵ*, and as much *bizzāyôn* and *qāṣep̄*", "grammar": { "*hayyôm*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the day", "*tōʾmarnâ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd feminine plural - they will say", "*śārôṯ*": "feminine plural construct - princesses of", "*pāras*": "proper noun - Persia", "*māḏay*": "proper noun - Media", "*šāməʿû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they heard", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*dəḇar*": "masculine singular construct - word of", "*malkâ*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - the queen", "*śārê*": "masculine plural construct - princes/officials of", "*meleḵ*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the king", "*bizzāyôn*": "masculine singular noun - contempt/disdain", "*qāṣep̄*": "masculine singular noun - wrath/anger" }, "variants": { "*śārôṯ*": "princesses/noblewomen/ladies", "*bizzāyôn*": "contempt/disdain/disrespect", "*qāṣep̄*": "wrath/anger/indignation" } }

{ "verseID": "Esther.1.19", "source": "אִם־עַל־הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ ט֗וֹב יֵצֵ֤א דְבַר־מַלְכוּת֙ מִלְּפָנָ֔יו וְיִכָּתֵ֛ב בְּדָתֵ֥י פָֽרַס־וּמָדַ֖י וְלֹ֣א יַעֲב֑וֹר אֲשֶׁ֨ר לֹֽא־תָב֜וֹא וַשְׁתִּ֗י לִפְנֵי֙ הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ אֲחַשְׁוֵר֔וֹשׁ וּמַלְכוּתָהּ֙ יִתֵּ֣ן הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ לִרְעוּתָ֖הּ הַטּוֹבָ֥ה מִמֶּֽנָּה׃", "text": "If upon the *meleḵ* *ṭôḇ*, let go forth *dəḇar* *malḵûṯ* from before him, and let it be *yikkāṯēḇ* in *dāṯê* *pāras* and *māḏay* and not *yaʿăḇôr*, that not *ṯāḇôʾ* *waštî* before the *meleḵ* *ʾăḥašwērôš*, and *malḵûṯāh* let give the *meleḵ* to *rəʿûṯāh* the *ṭôḇâ* than she", "grammar": { "*meleḵ*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the king", "*ṭôḇ*": "masculine singular adjective - good", "*dəḇar*": "masculine singular construct - word of", "*malḵûṯ*": "feminine singular noun - royalty/kingdom", "*yikkāṯēḇ*": "niphal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular jussive - let it be written", "*dāṯê*": "feminine plural construct - laws of", "*pāras*": "proper noun - Persia", "*māḏay*": "proper noun - Media", "*yaʿăḇôr*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - it passes", "*ṯāḇôʾ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - she will come", "*waštî*": "proper noun, feminine - Vashti", "*meleḵ*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the king", "*ʾăḥašwērôš*": "proper noun - Ahasuerus", "*malḵûṯāh*": "feminine singular noun + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her royalty", "*rəʿûṯāh*": "feminine singular noun + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her companion", "*ṭôḇâ*": "feminine singular adjective - good" }, "variants": { "*dəḇar* *malḵûṯ*": "royal word/royal decree/royal edict", "*dāṯê*": "laws/decrees/edicts", "*malḵûṯāh*": "her royal position/her queenship/her royal estate", "*rəʿûṯāh*": "her companion/her neighbor/another woman" } }

{ "verseID": "Esther.1.20", "source": "וְנִשְׁמַע֩ פִּתְגָ֨ם הַמֶּ֤לֶךְ אֲשֶֽׁר־יַעֲשֶׂה֙ בְּכָל־מַלְכוּת֔וֹ כִּ֥י רַבָּ֖ה הִ֑יא וְכָל־הַנָּשִׁ֗ים יִתְּנ֤וּ יְקָר֙ לְבַעְלֵיהֶ֔ן לְמִגָּד֖וֹל וְעַד־קָטָֽן׃", "text": "And when *nišmaʿ* *piṯḡām* the *meleḵ* which he *yaʿăśeh* in all *malḵûṯô* for great it is, and all the *nāšîm* *yittənû* *yəqār* to *baʿălêhen* from *miggāḏôl* and unto *qāṭān*", "grammar": { "*nišmaʿ*": "niphal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - it is heard", "*piṯḡām*": "masculine singular construct - decree of", "*meleḵ*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the king", "*yaʿăśeh*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he will make/do", "*malḵûṯô*": "feminine singular noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his kingdom", "*nāšîm*": "feminine plural noun with definite article - the women", "*yittənû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they will give", "*yəqār*": "masculine singular noun - honor", "*baʿălêhen*": "masculine plural noun + 3rd feminine plural suffix - their husbands", "*miggāḏôl*": "preposition *min* + masculine singular adjective - from great", "*qāṭān*": "masculine singular adjective - small" }, "variants": { "*piṯḡām*": "decree/edict/proclamation", "*yəqār*": "honor/respect/value" } }

{ "verseID": "Esther.1.21", "source": "וַיִּיטַב֙ הַדָּבָ֔ר בְּעֵינֵ֥י הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ וְהַשָּׂרִ֑ים וַיַּ֥עַשׂ הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ כִּדְבַ֥ר מְמוּכָֽן׃", "text": "And *wayyîṭaḇ* the *dāḇār* in *ʿênê* the *meleḵ* and the *śārîm*, and *wayyaʿaś* the *meleḵ* according to *diḇar* *məmûḵān*", "grammar": { "*wayyîṭaḇ*": "qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - and it was good", "*dāḇār*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the word/matter", "*ʿênê*": "feminine dual construct - eyes of", "*meleḵ*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the king", "*śārîm*": "masculine plural noun with definite article - the officials", "*wayyaʿaś*": "qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - and he did", "*meleḵ*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the king", "*diḇar*": "masculine singular construct - word of", "*məmûḵān*": "proper noun - Memucan" }, "variants": { "*wayyîṭaḇ*": "and it was good/and it pleased/and it was acceptable", "*dāḇār*": "word/matter/proposal" } }

{ "verseID": "Esther.1.22", "source": "וַיִּשְׁלַ֤ח סְפָרִים֙ אֶל־כָּל־מְדִינ֣וֹת הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ אֶל־מְדִינָ֤ה וּמְדִינָה֙ כִּכְתָבָ֔הּ וְאֶל־עַ֥ם וָעָ֖ם כִּלְשׁוֹנ֑וֹ לִהְי֤וֹת כָּל־אִישׁ֙ שֹׂרֵ֣ר בְּבֵית֔וֹ וּמְדַבֵּ֖ר כִּלְשׁ֥וֹן עַמּֽוֹ׃ פ", "text": "And *wayyišlaḥ* *səp̄ārîm* to all *məḏînôṯ* the *meleḵ*, to *məḏînâ* and *məḏînâ* according to *kiḵṯāḇāh* and to *ʿam* and *ʿam* according to *kilšônô*, to *lihyôṯ* every *ʾîš* *śōrēr* in *bêṯô* and *məḏabbēr* according to *kilšôn* *ʿammô*", "grammar": { "*wayyišlaḥ*": "qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - and he sent", "*səp̄ārîm*": "masculine plural noun - letters/documents", "*məḏînôṯ*": "feminine plural construct - provinces of", "*meleḵ*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the king", "*məḏînâ*": "feminine singular noun - province", "*kiḵṯāḇāh*": "preposition *kə* + masculine singular noun + 3rd feminine singular suffix - according to its writing", "*ʿam*": "masculine singular noun - people", "*kilšônô*": "preposition *kə* + masculine singular noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix - according to its language", "*lihyôṯ*": "qal infinitive construct - to be", "*ʾîš*": "masculine singular noun - man", "*śōrēr*": "qal participle, masculine singular - ruling", "*bêṯô*": "masculine singular noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his house", "*məḏabbēr*": "piel participle, masculine singular - speaking", "*kilšôn*": "preposition *kə* + masculine singular construct - according to language of", "*ʿammô*": "masculine singular noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his people" }, "variants": { "*səp̄ārîm*": "letters/documents/dispatches", "*kiḵṯāḇāh*": "according to its script/in its writing/in its script", "*kilšônô*": "according to its language/in its tongue", "*śōrēr*": "ruling/master/dominant", "*məḏabbēr*": "speaking/declaring/proclaiming" } }