{ "verseID": "Exodus.19.1", "source": "בַּחֹ֙דֶשׁ֙ הַשְּׁלִישִׁ֔י לְצֵ֥את בְּנֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל מֵאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרָ֑יִם בַּיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֔ה בָּ֖אוּ מִדְבַּ֥ר סִינָֽי׃", "text": "In *ḥōdeš* the *šəlîšî* to *ṣeʾt* *bənê*-*yiśrāʾēl* from *ʾereṣ* *miṣrāyim* in *yôm* the *zeh* *bāʾû* *midbār* *sînāy*.", "grammar": { "*ḥōdeš*": "noun, masculine singular construct - month", "*šəlîšî*": "adjective, masculine singular - third", "*ṣeʾt*": "infinitive construct of *yāṣāʾ* - to go out/depart", "*bənê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons/children of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*ʾereṣ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - land of", "*miṣrāyim*": "proper noun - Egypt", "*yôm*": "noun, masculine singular - day", "*zeh*": "demonstrative adjective - this", "*bāʾû*": "verb, qal perfect 3rd plural - they came", "*midbār*": "noun, masculine singular construct - wilderness of", "*sînāy*": "proper noun - Sinai" }, "variants": { "*ḥōdeš*": "month/new moon", "*ṣeʾt*": "going out/departure/exodus", "*midbār*": "wilderness/desert/uninhabited land" } }

{ "verseID": "Exodus.19.2", "source": "וַיִּסְע֣וּ מֵרְפִידִ֗ים וַיָּבֹ֙אוּ֙ מִדְבַּ֣ר סִינַ֔י וַֽיַּחֲנ֖וּ בַּמִּדְבָּ֑ר וַיִּֽחַן־שָׁ֥ם יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל נֶ֥גֶד הָהָֽר׃", "text": "*wə-yissəʿû* from *rəpîdîm* *wə-yābōʾû* *midbār* *sînay* *wə-yaḥănû* in the *midbār* *wə-yiḥan*-there *yiśrāʾēl* opposite the *hār*.", "grammar": { "*wə-yissəʿû*": "conjunction + verb, qal imperfect 3rd plural - and they journeyed/set out", "*rəpîdîm*": "proper noun - Rephidim", "*wə-yābōʾû*": "conjunction + verb, qal imperfect 3rd plural - and they came", "*midbār*": "noun, masculine singular construct - wilderness of", "*sînay*": "proper noun - Sinai", "*wə-yaḥănû*": "conjunction + verb, qal imperfect 3rd plural - and they camped/encamped", "*wə-yiḥan*": "conjunction + verb, qal imperfect 3rd singular - and he/it camped", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*hār*": "noun, masculine singular - mountain" }, "variants": { "*wə-yiḥan*": "and he camped/and it [Israel as a unified entity] camped", "*hār*": "mountain/hill/elevated area" } }

{ "verseID": "Exodus.19.3", "source": "וּמֹשֶׁ֥ה עָלָ֖ה אֶל־הָאֱלֹהִ֑ים וַיִּקְרָ֨א אֵלָ֤יו יְהוָה֙ מִן־הָהָ֣ר לֵאמֹ֔ר כֹּ֤ה תֹאמַר֙ לְבֵ֣ית יַעֲקֹ֔ב וְתַגֵּ֖יד לִבְנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃", "text": "And *mōšeh* *ʿālāh* to the *ʾĕlōhîm* *wə-yiqrāʾ* to him *YHWH* from the *hār* *lēʾmōr* thus *tōʾmar* to *bêt* *yaʿăqōb* *wə-taggêd* to *bənê* *yiśrāʾēl*.", "grammar": { "*mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses", "*ʿālāh*": "verb, qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he went up/ascended", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine plural (with definite article) - God/the gods", "*wə-yiqrāʾ*": "conjunction + verb, qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he called", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the divine name (Yahweh/Jehovah)", "*hār*": "noun, masculine singular (with definite article) - the mountain", "*lēʾmōr*": "preposition + infinitive construct - saying/to say", "*tōʾmar*": "verb, qal imperfect 2nd masculine singular - you shall say", "*bêt*": "noun, masculine singular construct - house of", "*yaʿăqōb*": "proper noun - Jacob", "*wə-taggêd*": "conjunction + verb, hiphil imperfect 2nd masculine singular - and you shall tell/declare", "*bənê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons/children of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel" }, "variants": { "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "God/gods/divine being", "*wə-yiqrāʾ*": "and he called/and he proclaimed", "*bêt yaʿăqōb*": "house of Jacob/Jacob's household/descendants of Jacob" } }

{ "verseID": "Exodus.19.4", "source": "אַתֶּ֣ם רְאִיתֶ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשִׂ֖יתִי לְמִצְרָ֑יִם וָאֶשָּׂ֤א אֶתְכֶם֙ עַל־כַּנְפֵ֣י נְשָׁרִ֔ים וָאָבִ֥א אֶתְכֶ֖ם אֵלָֽי׃", "text": "*ʾattem* *rəʾîtem* *ʾăšer* *ʿāśîtî* to *miṣrāyim* *wā-ʾeśśāʾ* *ʾetkem* on *kanpê* *nəšārîm* *wā-ʾābîʾ* *ʾetkem* to me.", "grammar": { "*ʾattem*": "pronoun, 2nd masculine plural - you", "*rəʾîtem*": "verb, qal perfect 2nd masculine plural - you have seen", "*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - that/which", "*ʿāśîtî*": "verb, qal perfect 1st singular - I did/I have done", "*miṣrāyim*": "proper noun - Egypt/Egyptians", "*wā-ʾeśśāʾ*": "conjunction + verb, qal imperfect 1st singular with waw consecutive - and I carried/bore", "*ʾetkem*": "direct object marker + pronoun, 2nd masculine plural - you", "*kanpê*": "noun, feminine plural construct - wings of", "*nəšārîm*": "noun, masculine plural - eagles/vultures", "*wā-ʾābîʾ*": "conjunction + verb, hiphil imperfect 1st singular with waw consecutive - and I brought", "*ʾetkem*": "direct object marker + pronoun, 2nd masculine plural - you" }, "variants": { "*nəšārîm*": "eagles/vultures/large birds of prey", "*wā-ʾeśśāʾ*": "and I carried/and I bore/and I lifted" } }

{ "verseID": "Exodus.19.5", "source": "וְעַתָּ֗ה אִם־שָׁמ֤וֹעַ תִּשְׁמְעוּ֙ בְּקֹלִ֔י וּשְׁמַרְתֶּ֖ם אֶת־בְּרִיתִ֑י וִהְיִ֨יתֶם לִ֤י סְגֻלָּה֙ מִכָּל־הָ֣עַמִּ֔ים כִּי־לִ֖י כָּל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃", "text": "*wə-ʿattāh* if *šāmôaʿ* *tišməʿû* in *qôlî* *û-šmartem* *ʾet*-*bərîtî* *wî-hyîtem* to me *səgullāh* from all the *ʿammîm* for to me [is] all the *ʾāreṣ*.", "grammar": { "*wə-ʿattāh*": "conjunction + adverb - and now", "*šāmôaʿ*": "infinitive absolute - hearing", "*tišməʿû*": "verb, qal imperfect 2nd masculine plural - you will hear/listen/obey", "*qôlî*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 1st person singular suffix - my voice", "*û-šmartem*": "conjunction + verb, qal perfect 2nd masculine plural - and you will keep/observe", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*bərîtî*": "noun, feminine singular + 1st person singular suffix - my covenant", "*wî-hyîtem*": "conjunction + verb, qal perfect 2nd masculine plural - and you will be", "*səgullāh*": "noun, feminine singular - special possession/treasure", "*ʿammîm*": "noun, masculine plural (with definite article) - peoples/nations", "*ʾāreṣ*": "noun, feminine singular (with definite article) - the earth/land" }, "variants": { "*šāmôaʿ tišməʿû*": "you will surely hear/listen/obey (emphatic construction)", "*səgullāh*": "special possession/treasured possession/personal property", "*ʿammîm*": "peoples/nations/ethnic groups" } }

{ "verseID": "Exodus.19.6", "source": "וְאַתֶּ֧ם תִּהְיוּ־לִ֛י מַמְלֶ֥כֶת כֹּהֲנִ֖ים וְג֣וֹי קָד֑וֹשׁ אֵ֚לֶּה הַדְּבָרִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר תְּדַבֵּ֖ר אֶל־בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃", "text": "*wə-ʾattem* *tihyû*-to me *mamleḵet* *kōhănîm* *wə-gôy* *qādôš* these the *dəbārîm* *ʾăšer* *tədabbēr* to *bənê* *yiśrāʾēl*.", "grammar": { "*wə-ʾattem*": "conjunction + pronoun, 2nd masculine plural - and you", "*tihyû*": "verb, qal imperfect 2nd masculine plural - you will be", "*mamleḵet*": "noun, feminine singular construct - kingdom of", "*kōhănîm*": "noun, masculine plural - priests", "*wə-gôy*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular - and nation", "*qādôš*": "adjective, masculine singular - holy/set apart", "*dəbārîm*": "noun, masculine plural (with definite article) - the words/things", "*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - which/that", "*tədabbēr*": "verb, piel imperfect 2nd masculine singular - you shall speak", "*bənê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons/children of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel" }, "variants": { "*mamleḵet kōhănîm*": "kingdom of priests/priestly kingdom", "*gôy qādôš*": "holy nation/set-apart people", "*dəbārîm*": "words/statements/matters" } }

{ "verseID": "Exodus.19.7", "source": "וַיָּבֹ֣א מֹשֶׁ֔ה וַיִּקְרָ֖א לְזִקְנֵ֣י הָעָ֑ם וַיָּ֣שֶׂם לִפְנֵיהֶ֗ם אֵ֚ת כָּל־הַדְּבָרִ֣ים הָאֵ֔לֶּה אֲשֶׁ֥ר צִוָּ֖הוּ יְהוָֽה׃", "text": "*wə-yābōʾ* *mōšeh* *wə-yiqrāʾ* to *ziqnê* the *ʿām* *wə-yāśem* before them *ʾēt* all the *dəbārîm* the these *ʾăšer* *ṣiwwāhû* *YHWH*.", "grammar": { "*wə-yābōʾ*": "conjunction + verb, qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he came", "*mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses", "*wə-yiqrāʾ*": "conjunction + verb, qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he called", "*ziqnê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - elders of", "*ʿām*": "noun, masculine singular (with definite article) - the people", "*wə-yāśem*": "conjunction + verb, qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he placed/set", "*ʾēt*": "direct object marker", "*dəbārîm*": "noun, masculine plural (with definite article) - the words/things", "*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - which/that", "*ṣiwwāhû*": "verb, piel perfect 3rd masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - he commanded him", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the divine name (Yahweh/Jehovah)" }, "variants": { "*ziqnê*": "elders/older men/leaders", "*wə-yāśem*": "and he placed/and he set/and he laid out", "*dəbārîm*": "words/statements/matters" } }

{ "verseID": "Exodus.19.8", "source": "וַיַּעֲנ֨וּ כָל־הָעָ֤ם יַחְדָּו֙ וַיֹּ֣אמְר֔וּ כֹּ֛ל אֲשֶׁר־דִּבֶּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה נַעֲשֶׂ֑ה וַיָּ֧שֶׁב מֹשֶׁ֛ה אֶת־דִּבְרֵ֥י הָעָ֖ם אֶל־יְהוָֽה׃", "text": "*wə-yaʿănû* all the *ʿām* *yaḥdāw* *wə-yōʾmərû* all *ʾăšer*-*dibbēr* *YHWH* *naʿăśeh* *wə-yāšeb* *mōšeh* *ʾet*-*dibrê* the *ʿām* to *YHWH*.", "grammar": { "*wə-yaʿănû*": "conjunction + verb, qal imperfect 3rd plural - and they answered", "*ʿām*": "noun, masculine singular (with definite article) - the people", "*yaḥdāw*": "adverb - together/united", "*wə-yōʾmərû*": "conjunction + verb, qal imperfect 3rd plural - and they said", "*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - which/that", "*dibbēr*": "verb, piel perfect 3rd masculine singular - he has spoken", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the divine name (Yahweh/Jehovah)", "*naʿăśeh*": "verb, qal imperfect 1st plural cohortative - we will do", "*wə-yāšeb*": "conjunction + verb, hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he brought back/returned", "*mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*dibrê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - words of", "*ʿām*": "noun, masculine singular (with definite article) - the people" }, "variants": { "*yaḥdāw*": "together/in unison/united", "*naʿăśeh*": "we will do/we will perform/we will obey", "*wə-yāšeb*": "and he returned/and he brought back/and he reported" } }

{ "verseID": "Exodus.19.9", "source": "וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֜ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֗ה הִנֵּ֨ה אָנֹכִ֜י בָּ֣א אֵלֶיךָ֮ בְּעַ֣ב הֶֽעָנָן֒ בַּעֲב֞וּר יִשְׁמַ֤ע הָעָם֙ בְּדַבְּרִ֣י עִמָּ֔ךְ וְגַם־בְּךָ֖ יַאֲמִ֣ינוּ לְעוֹלָ֑ם וַיַּגֵּ֥ד מֹשֶׁ֛ה אֶת־דִּבְרֵ֥י הָעָ֖ם אֶל־יְהוָֽה׃", "text": "*wə-yōʾmer* *YHWH* to *mōšeh* *hinnēh* *ʾānōḵî* *bāʾ* to you in *ʿab* the *ʿānān* for *baʿăbûr* *yišmaʿ* the *ʿām* in *dabbərî* with you and also in you *yaʾămînû* to *ʿôlām* *wə-yaggēd* *mōšeh* *ʾet*-*dibrê* the *ʿām* to *YHWH*.", "grammar": { "*wə-yōʾmer*": "conjunction + verb, qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the divine name (Yahweh/Jehovah)", "*mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses", "*hinnēh*": "demonstrative particle - behold/look", "*ʾānōḵî*": "pronoun, 1st person singular - I", "*bāʾ*": "verb, qal participle masculine singular - coming", "*ʿab*": "noun, masculine singular construct - thickness of", "*ʿānān*": "noun, masculine singular (with definite article) - the cloud", "*baʿăbûr*": "preposition + noun - for the sake of/so that", "*yišmaʿ*": "verb, qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - will hear", "*ʿām*": "noun, masculine singular (with definite article) - the people", "*dabbərî*": "verb, piel infinitive construct + 1st person singular suffix - my speaking", "*yaʾămînû*": "verb, hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine plural - they will believe/trust", "*ʿôlām*": "noun, masculine singular - eternity/forever", "*wə-yaggēd*": "conjunction + verb, hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he told", "*mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*dibrê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - words of", "*ʿām*": "noun, masculine singular (with definite article) - the people" }, "variants": { "*ʿab he-ʿānān*": "thick cloud/dense cloud", "*baʿăbûr*": "for the sake of/so that/in order that", "*yaʾămînû* *lə-ʿôlām*": "they will believe forever/they will trust perpetually" } }

{ "verseID": "Exodus.19.10", "source": "וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֤ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁה֙ לֵ֣ךְ אֶל־הָעָ֔ם וְקִדַּשְׁתָּ֥ם הַיּ֖וֹם וּמָחָ֑ר וְכִבְּס֖וּ שִׂמְלֹתָֽם׃", "text": "*wə-yōʾmer* *YHWH* to *mōšeh* *lēḵ* to the *ʿām* *wə-qiddaštām* the *yôm* and *māḥār* *wə-ḵibbəsû* *śimlōtām*.", "grammar": { "*wə-yōʾmer*": "conjunction + verb, qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the divine name (Yahweh/Jehovah)", "*mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses", "*lēḵ*": "verb, qal imperative masculine singular - go", "*ʿām*": "noun, masculine singular (with definite article) - the people", "*wə-qiddaštām*": "conjunction + verb, piel perfect 2nd masculine singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - and you shall sanctify/consecrate them", "*yôm*": "noun, masculine singular (with definite article) - the day/today", "*māḥār*": "adverb - tomorrow", "*wə-ḵibbəsû*": "conjunction + verb, piel perfect 3rd common plural - and they shall wash", "*śimlōtām*": "noun, feminine plural + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their garments" }, "variants": { "*wə-qiddaštām*": "and consecrate them/and sanctify them/and prepare them", "*yôm* and *māḥār*": "today and tomorrow/this day and the next", "*śimlōtām*": "their garments/their clothes/their outer garments" } }

{ "verseID": "Exodus.19.11", "source": "וְהָי֥וּ נְכֹנִ֖ים לַיּ֣וֹם הַשְּׁלִישִׁ֑י כִּ֣י ׀ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַשְּׁלִישִׁ֗י יֵרֵ֧ד יְהוָ֛ה לְעֵינֵ֥י כָל־הָעָ֖ם עַל־הַ֥ר סִינָֽי׃", "text": "*wə-hāyû* *nəḵōnîm* for the *yôm* the *šəlîšî* for in the *yôm* the *šəlîšî* *yērēd* *YHWH* to *ʿênê* all the *ʿām* on *har* *sînāy*.", "grammar": { "*wə-hāyû*": "conjunction + verb, qal perfect 3rd common plural - and they shall be", "*nəḵōnîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - ready/prepared", "*yôm*": "noun, masculine singular (with definite article) - the day", "*šəlîšî*": "adjective, masculine singular (with definite article) - the third", "*yērēd*": "verb, qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he will come down/descend", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the divine name (Yahweh/Jehovah)", "*ʿênê*": "noun, feminine plural construct - eyes of", "*ʿām*": "noun, masculine singular (with definite article) - the people", "*har*": "noun, masculine singular construct - mountain of", "*sînāy*": "proper noun - Sinai" }, "variants": { "*nəḵōnîm*": "ready/prepared/established", "*yērēd*": "will come down/will descend", "*lə-ʿênê*": "in the sight of/before the eyes of" } }

{ "verseID": "Exodus.19.12", "source": "וְהִגְבַּלְתָּ֤ אֶת־הָעָם֙ סָבִ֣יב לֵאמֹ֔ר הִשָּׁמְר֥וּ לָכֶ֛ם עֲל֥וֹת בָּהָ֖ר וּנְגֹ֣עַ בְּקָצֵ֑הוּ כָּל־הַנֹּגֵ֥עַ בָּהָ֖ר מ֥וֹת יוּמָֽת׃", "text": "*wə-higbaltā* *ʾet*-the *ʿām* *sābîb* *lēʾmōr* *hiššāmərû* to you *ʿălôt* in the *hār* and *nəgōaʿ* in *qāṣēhû* all the *nōgēaʿ* in the *hār* *môt* *yûmāt*.", "grammar": { "*wə-higbaltā*": "conjunction + verb, hiphil perfect 2nd masculine singular - and you shall set bounds", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ʿām*": "noun, masculine singular (with definite article) - the people", "*sābîb*": "adverb - around/surrounding", "*lēʾmōr*": "preposition + infinitive construct - saying", "*hiššāmərû*": "verb, niphal imperative 2nd masculine plural - be careful/take heed", "*ʿălôt*": "verb, qal infinitive construct - to go up/ascend", "*hār*": "noun, masculine singular (with definite article) - the mountain", "*nəgōaʿ*": "verb, qal infinitive construct - to touch", "*qāṣēhû*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - its edge/border", "*nōgēaʿ*": "verb, qal participle masculine singular (with definite article) - the one touching", "*hār*": "noun, masculine singular (with definite article) - the mountain", "*môt*": "verb, qal infinitive absolute - dying", "*yûmāt*": "verb, hophal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he will be put to death" }, "variants": { "*wə-higbaltā*": "and set bounds/and set limits/and mark off boundaries", "*hiššāmərû*": "take heed/be careful/guard yourselves", "*môt yûmāt*": "he shall surely be put to death (emphatic construction)" } }

{ "verseID": "Exodus.19.13", "source": "לֹא־תִגַּ֨ע בּ֜וֹ יָ֗ד כִּֽי־סָק֤וֹל יִסָּקֵל֙ אוֹ־יָרֹ֣ה יִיָּרֶ֔ה אִם־בְּהֵמָ֥ה אִם־אִ֖ישׁ לֹ֣א יִחְיֶ֑ה בִּמְשֹׁךְ֙ הַיֹּבֵ֔ל הֵ֖מָּה יַעֲל֥וּ בָהָֽר׃", "text": "Not *tiggaʿ* in him *yād* for *sāqôl* *yissāqēl* or *yārōh* *yiyyāreh* if *bəhēmāh* if *ʾîš* not *yiḥyeh* in *mišōḵ* the *yōbēl* they *yaʿălû* in the *hār*.", "grammar": { "*tiggaʿ*": "verb, qal imperfect 3rd feminine singular - will touch", "*yād*": "noun, feminine singular - hand", "*sāqôl*": "verb, qal infinitive absolute - stoning", "*yissāqēl*": "verb, niphal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he will be stoned", "*yārōh*": "verb, qal infinitive absolute - shooting", "*yiyyāreh*": "verb, niphal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he will be shot", "*bəhēmāh*": "noun, feminine singular - beast/animal", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - man", "*yiḥyeh*": "verb, qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he will live", "*mišōḵ*": "verb, qal infinitive construct - drawing out/sounding long", "*yōbēl*": "noun, masculine singular (with definite article) - the ram's horn/trumpet", "*yaʿălû*": "verb, qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - they will go up", "*hār*": "noun, masculine singular (with definite article) - the mountain" }, "variants": { "*sāqôl yissāqēl*": "he shall surely be stoned (emphatic construction)", "*yārōh yiyyāreh*": "he shall surely be shot with arrows (emphatic construction)", "*yōbēl*": "ram's horn/trumpet/jubilee horn" } }

{ "verseID": "Exodus.19.14", "source": "וַיֵּ֧רֶד מֹשֶׁ֛ה מִן־הָהָ֖ר אֶל־הָעָ֑ם וַיְקַדֵּשׁ֙ אֶת־הָעָ֔ם וַֽיְכַבְּס֖וּ שִׂמְלֹתָֽם׃", "text": "*wə-yēred* *mōšeh* from the *hār* to the *ʿām* *wə-yəqaddēš* *ʾet*-the *ʿām* *wə-yəḵabbəsû* *śimlōtām*.", "grammar": { "*wə-yēred*": "conjunction + verb, qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he came down", "*mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses", "*hār*": "noun, masculine singular (with definite article) - the mountain", "*ʿām*": "noun, masculine singular (with definite article) - the people", "*wə-yəqaddēš*": "conjunction + verb, piel imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he sanctified", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ʿām*": "noun, masculine singular (with definite article) - the people", "*wə-yəḵabbəsû*": "conjunction + verb, piel imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they washed", "*śimlōtām*": "noun, feminine plural + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their garments" }, "variants": { "*wə-yəqaddēš*": "and he sanctified/and he consecrated/and he prepared", "*wə-yəḵabbəsû*": "and they washed/and they cleansed", "*śimlōtām*": "their garments/their clothes/their outer garments" } }

{ "verseID": "Exodus.19.15", "source": "וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ אֶל־הָעָ֔ם הֱי֥וּ נְכֹנִ֖ים לִשְׁלֹ֣שֶׁת יָמִ֑ים אַֽל־תִּגְּשׁ֖וּ אֶל־אִשָּֽׁה׃", "text": "*wə-yōʾmer* to the *ʿām* *hĕyû* *nəḵōnîm* for *šəlōšet* *yāmîm* not *tiggəšû* to *ʾiššāh*.", "grammar": { "*wə-yōʾmer*": "conjunction + verb, qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*ʿām*": "noun, masculine singular (with definite article) - the people", "*hĕyû*": "verb, qal imperative masculine plural - be", "*nəḵōnîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - ready/prepared", "*šəlōšet*": "noun, feminine singular construct - three of", "*yāmîm*": "noun, masculine plural - days", "*tiggəšû*": "verb, qal imperfect 2nd masculine plural - you shall come near/approach", "*ʾiššāh*": "noun, feminine singular - woman/wife" }, "variants": { "*nəḵōnîm*": "ready/prepared/set", "*tiggəšû*": "come near/approach/go near", "*ʾiššāh*": "woman/wife" } }

{ "verseID": "Exodus.19.16", "source": "וַיְהִי֩ בַיּ֨וֹם הַשְּׁלִישִׁ֜י בִּֽהְיֹ֣ת הַבֹּ֗קֶר וַיְהִי֩ קֹלֹ֨ת וּבְרָקִ֜ים וְעָנָ֤ן כָּבֵד֙ עַל־הָהָ֔ר וְקֹ֥ל שֹׁפָ֖ר חָזָ֣ק מְאֹ֑ד וַיֶּחֱרַ֥ד כָּל־הָעָ֖ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר בַּֽמַּחֲנֶֽה׃", "text": "*wə-yhî* in the *yôm* the *šəlîšî* in *bihyōt* the *bōqer* *wə-yhî* *qōlōt* and *bərāqîm* and *ʿānān* *kābēd* on the *hār* and *qōl* *šōpār* *ḥāzāq* very and *wə-yeḥĕrad* all the *ʿām* *ʾăšer* in the *maḥăneh*.", "grammar": { "*wə-yhî*": "conjunction + verb, qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular apocopated - and it happened", "*yôm*": "noun, masculine singular (with definite article) - the day", "*šəlîšî*": "adjective, masculine singular (with definite article) - the third", "*bihyōt*": "preposition + verb, qal infinitive construct - at the being of", "*bōqer*": "noun, masculine singular (with definite article) - the morning", "*wə-yhî*": "conjunction + verb, qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular apocopated - and there were", "*qōlōt*": "noun, masculine plural - voices/thunders", "*bərāqîm*": "noun, masculine plural - lightnings", "*ʿānān*": "noun, masculine singular - cloud", "*kābēd*": "adjective, masculine singular - heavy/thick", "*hār*": "noun, masculine singular (with definite article) - the mountain", "*qōl*": "noun, masculine singular construct - sound of", "*šōpār*": "noun, masculine singular - ram's horn/trumpet", "*ḥāzāq*": "adjective, masculine singular - strong", "*wə-yeḥĕrad*": "conjunction + verb, qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and trembled", "*ʿām*": "noun, masculine singular (with definite article) - the people", "*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - who/that", "*maḥăneh*": "noun, masculine singular (with definite article) - the camp" }, "variants": { "*qōlōt*": "thunders/voices/sounds", "*ʿānān kābēd*": "thick cloud/dense cloud/heavy cloud", "*šōpār*": "trumpet/ram's horn/shofar" } }

{ "verseID": "Exodus.19.17", "source": "וַיּוֹצֵ֨א מֹשֶׁ֧ה אֶת־הָעָ֛ם לִקְרַ֥את הָֽאֱלֹהִ֖ים מִן־הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֑ה וַיִּֽתְיַצְּב֖וּ בְּתַחְתִּ֥ית הָהָֽר׃", "text": "*wə-yôṣēʾ* *mōšeh* *ʾet*-the *ʿām* to *liqraʾt* the *ʾĕlōhîm* from the *maḥăneh* *wə-yityaṣṣəbû* in *taḥtît* the *hār*.", "grammar": { "*wə-yôṣēʾ*": "conjunction + verb, hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he brought out", "*mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ʿām*": "noun, masculine singular (with definite article) - the people", "*liqraʾt*": "preposition + verb, qal infinitive construct - to meet", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine plural (with definite article) - God/the gods", "*maḥăneh*": "noun, masculine singular (with definite article) - the camp", "*wə-yityaṣṣəbû*": "conjunction + verb, hithpael imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they stationed themselves", "*taḥtît*": "noun, feminine singular construct - lower part/foot of", "*hār*": "noun, masculine singular (with definite article) - the mountain" }, "variants": { "*liqraʾt*": "to meet/to encounter", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "God/gods/divine being", "*taḥtît*": "foot/base/lower part" } }

{ "verseID": "Exodus.19.18", "source": "וְהַ֤ר סִינַי֙ עָשַׁ֣ן כֻּלּ֔וֹ מִ֠פְּנֵי אֲשֶׁ֨ר יָרַ֥ד עָלָ֛יו יְהוָ֖ה בָּאֵ֑שׁ וַיַּ֤עַל עֲשָׁנוֹ֙ כְּעֶ֣שֶׁן הַכִּבְשָׁ֔ן וַיֶּחֱרַ֥ד כָּל־הָהָ֖ר מְאֹֽד׃", "text": "And *har* *sînay* *ʿāšan* all of it from *mippənê* *ʾăšer* *yārad* upon it *YHWH* in the *ʾēš* *wə-yaʿal* *ʿăšānô* like *ʿešen* the *kibšān* *wə-yeḥĕrad* all the *hār* greatly.", "grammar": { "*har*": "noun, masculine singular construct - mountain of", "*sînay*": "proper noun - Sinai", "*ʿāšan*": "verb, qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - smoked", "*mippənê*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural construct - from the presence of", "*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - that/which", "*yārad*": "verb, qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - descended/came down", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the divine name (Yahweh/Jehovah)", "*ʾēš*": "noun, feminine singular (with definite article) - the fire", "*wə-yaʿal*": "conjunction + verb, qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and went up", "*ʿăšānô*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - its smoke", "*ʿešen*": "noun, masculine singular construct - smoke of", "*kibšān*": "noun, masculine singular (with definite article) - the furnace", "*wə-yeḥĕrad*": "conjunction + verb, qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and trembled", "*hār*": "noun, masculine singular (with definite article) - the mountain" }, "variants": { "*ʿāšan*": "smoked/was smoking", "*mippənê*": "from the presence of/because of", "*kibšān*": "furnace/kiln/smelting furnace" } }

{ "verseID": "Exodus.19.19", "source": "וַיְהִי֙ ק֣וֹל הַשּׁוֹפָ֔ר הוֹלֵ֖ךְ וְחָזֵ֣ק מְאֹ֑ד מֹשֶׁ֣ה יְדַבֵּ֔ר וְהָאֱלֹהִ֖ים יַעֲנֶ֥נּוּ בְקֽוֹל׃", "text": "*wə-yhî* *qôl* the *šôpār* *hôlēḵ* and *ḥāzēq* very *mōšeh* *yədabbēr* and the *ʾĕlōhîm* *yaʿănennu* in *qôl*.", "grammar": { "*wə-yhî*": "conjunction + verb, qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular apocopated - and it was/became", "*qôl*": "noun, masculine singular construct - sound of", "*šôpār*": "noun, masculine singular (with definite article) - the ram's horn/trumpet", "*hôlēḵ*": "verb, qal participle masculine singular - going/continuing", "*ḥāzēq*": "adjective, masculine singular - strong", "*mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses", "*yədabbēr*": "verb, piel imperfect 3rd masculine singular - was speaking", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine plural (with definite article) - God/the gods", "*yaʿănennu*": "verb, qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - would answer him", "*qôl*": "noun, masculine singular - voice" }, "variants": { "*hôlēḵ wə-ḥāzēq*": "growing louder and louder/increasing in volume and strength", "*yədabbēr*": "was speaking/would speak", "*bə-qôl*": "with a voice/audibly/with sound" } }

{ "verseID": "Exodus.19.20", "source": "וַיֵּ֧רֶד יְהוָ֛ה עַל־הַ֥ר סִינַ֖י אֶל־רֹ֣אשׁ הָהָ֑ר וַיִּקְרָ֨א יְהוָ֧ה לְמֹשֶׁ֛ה אֶל־רֹ֥אשׁ הָהָ֖ר וַיַּ֥עַל מֹשֶֽׁה׃", "text": "*wə-yēred* *YHWH* on *har* *sînay* to *rōʾš* the *hār* *wə-yiqrāʾ* *YHWH* to *mōšeh* to *rōʾš* the *hār* *wə-yaʿal* *mōšeh*.", "grammar": { "*wə-yēred*": "conjunction + verb, qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he came down", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the divine name (Yahweh/Jehovah)", "*har*": "noun, masculine singular construct - mountain of", "*sînay*": "proper noun - Sinai", "*rōʾš*": "noun, masculine singular construct - top of", "*hār*": "noun, masculine singular (with definite article) - the mountain", "*wə-yiqrāʾ*": "conjunction + verb, qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he called", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the divine name (Yahweh/Jehovah)", "*mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses", "*rōʾš*": "noun, masculine singular construct - top of", "*hār*": "noun, masculine singular (with definite article) - the mountain", "*wə-yaʿal*": "conjunction + verb, qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he went up", "*mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses" }, "variants": { "*rōʾš*": "top/summit/peak", "*wə-yiqrāʾ*": "and he called/and he summoned", "*wə-yaʿal*": "and he went up/and he ascended" } }

{ "verseID": "Exodus.19.21", "source": "וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֔ה רֵ֖ד הָעֵ֣ד בָּעָ֑ם פֶּן־יֶהֶרְס֤וּ אֶל־יְהוָה֙ לִרְא֔וֹת וְנָפַ֥ל מִמֶּ֖נּוּ רָֽב׃", "text": "*wə-yōʾmer* *YHWH* to *mōšeh* *rēd* *hāʿēd* in the *ʿām* lest *yeherŝû* to *YHWH* *lirʾôt* *wə-nāpal* from him many.", "grammar": { "*wə-yōʾmer*": "conjunction + verb, qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the divine name (Yahweh/Jehovah)", "*mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses", "*rēd*": "verb, qal imperative masculine singular - go down", "*hāʿēd*": "verb, hiphil imperative masculine singular - warn/testify", "*ʿām*": "noun, masculine singular (with definite article) - the people", "*yeherŝû*": "verb, qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - they break through", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the divine name (Yahweh/Jehovah)", "*lirʾôt*": "preposition + verb, qal infinitive construct - to see", "*wə-nāpal*": "conjunction + verb, qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - and fall", "*rāb*": "adjective, masculine singular - many/much" }, "variants": { "*hāʿēd*": "warn/testify/admonish", "*yeherŝû*": "break through/break in/burst through", "*wə-nāpal mimmenû rāb*": "and many of them will fall/and a multitude of them will perish" } }

{ "verseID": "Exodus.19.22", "source": "וְגַ֧ם הַכֹּהֲנִ֛ים הַנִּגָּשִׁ֥ים אֶל־יְהוָ֖ה יִתְקַדָּ֑שׁוּ פֶּן־יִפְרֹ֥ץ בָּהֶ֖ם יְהוָֽה׃", "text": "And also the *kōhănîm* the *niggāšîm* to *YHWH* *yitqaddāšû* lest *yiprōṣ* in them *YHWH*.", "grammar": { "*kōhănîm*": "noun, masculine plural (with definite article) - the priests", "*niggāšîm*": "verb, niphal participle masculine plural (with definite article) - the ones who come near", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the divine name (Yahweh/Jehovah)", "*yitqaddāšû*": "verb, hithpael imperfect 3rd masculine plural - they should consecrate themselves", "*yiprōṣ*": "verb, qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he breaks out", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the divine name (Yahweh/Jehovah)" }, "variants": { "*kōhănîm*": "priests/officiants", "*niggāšîm*": "who come near/who approach/who have access to", "*yitqaddāšû*": "consecrate themselves/sanctify themselves/purify themselves", "*yiprōṣ*": "break out against/break forth upon/attack" } }

{ "verseID": "Exodus.19.23", "source": "וַיֹּ֤אמֶר מֹשֶׁה֙ אֶל־יְהוָ֔ה לֹא־יוּכַ֣ל הָעָ֔ם לַעֲלֹ֖ת אֶל־הַ֣ר סִינָ֑י כִּֽי־אַתָּ֞ה הַעֵדֹ֤תָה בָּ֙נוּ֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר הַגְבֵּ֥ל אֶת־הָהָ֖ר וְקִדַּשְׁתּֽוֹ׃", "text": "*wə-yōʾmer* *mōšeh* to *YHWH* not *yûḵal* the *ʿām* *laʿălōt* to *har* *sînāy* for you *haʿēdōtāh* in us *lēʾmōr* *hagbēl* *ʾet*-the *hār* *wə-qiddaštô*.", "grammar": { "*wə-yōʾmer*": "conjunction + verb, qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the divine name (Yahweh/Jehovah)", "*yûḵal*": "verb, qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he is able", "*ʿām*": "noun, masculine singular (with definite article) - the people", "*laʿălōt*": "preposition + verb, qal infinitive construct - to go up", "*har*": "noun, masculine singular construct - mountain of", "*sînāy*": "proper noun - Sinai", "*haʿēdōtāh*": "verb, hiphil perfect 2nd masculine singular - you have warned", "*lēʾmōr*": "preposition + infinitive construct - saying", "*hagbēl*": "verb, hiphil imperative masculine singular - set bounds", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*hār*": "noun, masculine singular (with definite article) - the mountain", "*wə-qiddaštô*": "conjunction + verb, piel perfect 2nd masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - and sanctify it" }, "variants": { "*yûḵal*": "is able/can/has power", "*haʿēdōtāh*": "you have warned/you have testified/you have admonished", "*hagbēl*": "set bounds/mark boundaries/limit access" } }

{ "verseID": "Exodus.19.24", "source": "וַיֹּ֨אמֶר אֵלָ֤יו יְהוָה֙ לֶךְ־רֵ֔ד וְעָלִ֥יתָ אַתָּ֖ה וְאַהֲרֹ֣ן עִמָּ֑ךְ וְהַכֹּהֲנִ֣ים וְהָעָ֗ם אַל־יֽ͏ֶהֶרְס֛וּ לַעֲלֹ֥ת אֶל־יְהוָ֖ה פֶּן־יִפְרָץ־בָּֽם׃", "text": "*wə-yōʾmer* to him *YHWH* *leḵ*-*rēd* *wə-ʿālîtā* you and *ʾahărōn* with you and the *kōhănîm* and the *ʿām* not *yeherṣû* *laʿălōt* to *YHWH* lest *yiprāṣ*-in them.", "grammar": { "*wə-yōʾmer*": "conjunction + verb, qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the divine name (Yahweh/Jehovah)", "*leḵ*": "verb, qal imperative masculine singular - go", "*rēd*": "verb, qal imperative masculine singular - go down", "*wə-ʿālîtā*": "conjunction + verb, qal perfect 2nd masculine singular - and you shall come up", "*ʾahărōn*": "proper noun - Aaron", "*kōhănîm*": "noun, masculine plural (with definite article) - the priests", "*ʿām*": "noun, masculine singular (with definite article) - the people", "*yeherṣû*": "verb, qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - they break through", "*laʿălōt*": "preposition + verb, qal infinitive construct - to go up", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the divine name (Yahweh/Jehovah)", "*yiprāṣ*": "verb, qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he breaks out" }, "variants": { "*leḵ-rēd*": "go, descend/go down", "*yeherṣû*": "break through/break in/force their way", "*yiprāṣ*": "break out against/break forth upon/attack" } }

{ "verseID": "Exodus.19.25", "source": "וַיֵּ֥רֶד מֹשֶׁ֖ה אֶל־הָעָ֑ם וַיֹּ֖אמֶר אֲלֵהֶֽם׃", "text": "*wə-yēred* *mōšeh* to the *ʿām* *wə-yōʾmer* to them.", "grammar": { "*wə-yēred*": "conjunction + verb, qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he went down", "*mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses", "*ʿām*": "noun, masculine singular (with definite article) - the people", "*wə-yōʾmer*": "conjunction + verb, qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he said/spoke" }, "variants": { "*wə-yēred*": "and he went down/and he descended", "*wə-yōʾmer*": "and he said/and he told/and he spoke" } }