{ "verseID": "Genesis.10.1", "source": "וְאֵ֙לֶּה֙ תּוֹלְדֹ֣ת בְּנֵי־נֹ֔חַ שֵׁ֖ם חָ֣ם וָיָ֑פֶת וַיִּוָּלְד֥וּ לָהֶ֛ם בָּנִ֖ים אַחַ֥ר הַמַּבּֽוּל׃", "text": "And *ʾēlleh tôlədôt bənê-nōaḥ* *Šēm Ḥām wāyāpet* and *wayyiwwālədû* to them *bānîm* after *hammabbûl*", "grammar": { "*wə-*": "conjunction, prefixed - and", "*ʾēlleh*": "demonstrative pronoun, plural - these", "*tôlədôt*": "feminine plural noun, construct state - generations/descendants of", "*bənê*": "masculine plural noun, construct state - sons of", "*nōaḥ*": "proper noun - Noah", "*Šēm*": "proper noun - Shem", "*Ḥām*": "proper noun - Ham", "*wāyāpet*": "conjunction wə- + proper noun - and Japheth", "*wayyiwwālədû*": "Niphal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with waw consecutive - and they were born", "*lāhem*": "preposition lə- with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - to them", "*bānîm*": "masculine plural noun - sons", "*ʾaḥar*": "preposition - after", "*hammabbûl*": "definite article ha- + masculine singular noun - the flood" }, "variants": { "*tôlədôt*": "generations/descendants/genealogical history", "*wayyiwwālədû*": "were born/were begotten" } }

{ "verseID": "Genesis.10.2", "source": "בְּנֵ֣י יֶ֔פֶת גֹּ֣מֶר וּמָג֔וֹג וּמָדַ֖י וְיָוָ֣ן וְתֻבָ֑ל וּמֶ֖שֶׁךְ וְתִירָֽס׃", "text": "*bənê Yepet Gōmer ûmāgôg ûmāday wəyāwān wətubāl ûmešek wətîrās*", "grammar": { "*bənê*": "masculine plural noun, construct state - sons of", "*Yepet*": "proper noun - Japheth", "*Gōmer*": "proper noun - Gomer", "*û-māgôg*": "conjunction wə- + proper noun - and Magog", "*û-māday*": "conjunction wə- + proper noun - and Madai", "*wə-yāwān*": "conjunction wə- + proper noun - and Javan", "*wə-tubāl*": "conjunction wə- + proper noun - and Tubal", "*û-mešek*": "conjunction wə- + proper noun - and Meshech", "*wə-tîrās*": "conjunction wə- + proper noun - and Tiras" }, "variants": { "*bənê*": "sons/descendants" } }

{ "verseID": "Genesis.10.3", "source": "וּבְנֵ֖י גֹּ֑מֶר אַשְׁכֲּנַ֥ז וְרִיפַ֖ת וְתֹגַרְמָֽה׃", "text": "And *bənê Gōmer ʾAškənaz wərîpat wətōgarmāh*", "grammar": { "*û-bənê*": "conjunction wə- + masculine plural noun, construct state - and sons of", "*Gōmer*": "proper noun - Gomer", "*ʾAškənaz*": "proper noun - Ashkenaz", "*wə-rîpat*": "conjunction wə- + proper noun - and Riphath", "*wə-tōgarmāh*": "conjunction wə- + proper noun - and Togarmah" }, "variants": { "*bənê*": "sons/descendants" } }

{ "verseID": "Genesis.10.4", "source": "וּבְנֵ֥י יָוָ֖ן אֱלִישָׁ֣ה וְתַרְשִׁ֑ישׁ כִּתִּ֖ים וְדֹדָנִֽים׃", "text": "And *bənê Yāwān ʾĔlîšāh wətaršîš Kittîm wəDōdānîm*", "grammar": { "*û-bənê*": "conjunction wə- + masculine plural noun, construct state - and sons of", "*Yāwān*": "proper noun - Javan", "*ʾĔlîšāh*": "proper noun - Elishah", "*wə-taršîš*": "conjunction wə- + proper noun - and Tarshish", "*Kittîm*": "proper noun, masculine plural - Kittim", "*wə-Dōdānîm*": "conjunction wə- + proper noun, masculine plural - and Dodanim" }, "variants": { "*bənê*": "sons/descendants" } }

{ "verseID": "Genesis.10.5", "source": "מֵ֠אֵלֶּה נִפְרְד֞וּ אִיֵּ֤י הַגּוֹיִם֙ בְּאַרְצֹתָ֔ם אִ֖ישׁ לִלְשֹׁנ֑וֹ לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָ֖ם בְּגוֹיֵהֶֽם׃", "text": "From *ʾēlleh niprədû ʾiyyê haggôyim bəʾarṣōtām ʾîš lilšōnô ləmišpəḥōtām bəgôyêhem*", "grammar": { "*mē-ʾēlleh*": "preposition min + demonstrative pronoun, plural - from these", "*niprədû*": "Niphal perfect 3rd person plural - were separated/divided", "*ʾiyyê*": "masculine plural noun, construct state - coastlands/islands of", "*ha-gôyim*": "definite article ha- + masculine plural noun - the nations", "*bə-ʾarṣōtām*": "preposition bə- + feminine plural noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - in their lands", "*ʾîš*": "masculine singular noun - each man/each one", "*li-lšōnô*": "preposition lə- + masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - according to his language", "*lə-mišpəḥōtām*": "preposition lə- + feminine plural noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - according to their families", "*bə-gôyêhem*": "preposition bə- + masculine plural noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - in their nations" }, "variants": { "*niprədû*": "were separated/divided/spread out", "*ʾiyyê*": "coastlands/islands/maritime regions", "*ʾîš*": "each man/each one/everyone" } }

{ "verseID": "Genesis.10.6", "source": "וּבְנֵ֖י חָ֑ם כּ֥וּשׁ וּמִצְרַ֖יִם וּפ֥וּט וּכְנָֽעַן׃", "text": "And *bənê Ḥām Kûš ûMiṣrayim ûPûṭ ûKənāʿan*", "grammar": { "*û-bənê*": "conjunction wə- + masculine plural noun, construct state - and sons of", "*Ḥām*": "proper noun - Ham", "*Kûš*": "proper noun - Cush", "*û-Miṣrayim*": "conjunction wə- + proper noun - and Egypt/Mizraim", "*û-Pûṭ*": "conjunction wə- + proper noun - and Put", "*û-Kənāʿan*": "conjunction wə- + proper noun - and Canaan" }, "variants": { "*bənê*": "sons/descendants", "*Miṣrayim*": "Egypt/Mizraim (dual form)" } }

{ "verseID": "Genesis.10.7", "source": "וּבְנֵ֣י כ֔וּשׁ סְבָא֙ וֽ͏ַחֲוִילָ֔ה וְסַבְתָּ֥ה וְרַעְמָ֖ה וְסַבְתְּכָ֑א וּבְנֵ֥י רַעְמָ֖ה שְׁבָ֥א וּדְדָֽן׃", "text": "And *bənê Kûš Səbāʾ waḤăwîlāh wəSabtāh wəRaʿəmāh wəSabtəkāʾ* and *bənê Raʿəmāh Šəbāʾ ûDədān*", "grammar": { "*û-bənê*": "conjunction wə- + masculine plural noun, construct state - and sons of", "*Kûš*": "proper noun - Cush", "*Səbāʾ*": "proper noun - Seba", "*wa-Ḥăwîlāh*": "conjunction wə- + proper noun - and Havilah", "*wə-Sabtāh*": "conjunction wə- + proper noun - and Sabtah", "*wə-Raʿəmāh*": "conjunction wə- + proper noun - and Raamah", "*wə-Sabtəkāʾ*": "conjunction wə- + proper noun - and Sabteca", "*û-bənê*": "conjunction wə- + masculine plural noun, construct state - and sons of", "*Raʿəmāh*": "proper noun - Raamah", "*Šəbāʾ*": "proper noun - Sheba", "*û-Dədān*": "conjunction wə- + proper noun - and Dedan" }, "variants": { "*bənê*": "sons/descendants" } }

{ "verseID": "Genesis.10.8", "source": "וְכ֖וּשׁ יָלַ֣ד אֶת־נִמְרֹ֑ד ה֣וּא הֵחֵ֔ל לֽ͏ִהְי֥וֹת גִּבֹּ֖ר בָּאָֽרֶץ׃", "text": "And *Kûš yālad ʾet-Nimrōd hûʾ hēḥēl lihyôt gibbōr bāʾāreṣ*", "grammar": { "*wə-Kûš*": "conjunction wə- + proper noun - and Cush", "*yālad*": "Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - begot/fathered", "*ʾet-Nimrōd*": "direct object marker + proper noun - Nimrod", "*hûʾ*": "3rd person masculine singular pronoun - he", "*hēḥēl*": "Hiphil perfect 3rd person masculine singular - began", "*li-hyôt*": "preposition lə- + Qal infinitive construct - to be", "*gibbōr*": "masculine singular adjective/noun - mighty one/warrior", "*bā-ʾāreṣ*": "preposition bə- + definite article ha- + feminine singular noun - in the earth/land" }, "variants": { "*yālad*": "begot/fathered/gave birth to", "*hēḥēl*": "began/started", "*gibbōr*": "mighty one/warrior/tyrant/hero" } }

{ "verseID": "Genesis.10.9", "source": "הֽוּא־הָיָ֥ה גִבֹּֽר־צַ֖יִד לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה עַל־כֵּן֙ יֵֽאָמַ֔ר כְּנִמְרֹ֛ד גִּבּ֥וֹר צַ֖יִד לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה׃", "text": "*hûʾ-hāyâ gibbōr-ṣayid lipnê YHWH ʿal-kēn yēʾāmar kəNimrōd gibbôr ṣayid lipnê YHWH*", "grammar": { "*hûʾ*": "3rd person masculine singular pronoun - he", "*hāyâ*": "Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - was", "*gibbōr-ṣayid*": "masculine singular adjective/noun in construct with noun - mighty hunter", "*li-pnê*": "preposition lə- + masculine plural noun in construct state - before/in the face of", "*YHWH*": "proper divine name - YHWH/LORD", "*ʿal-kēn*": "preposition ʿal + adverb - therefore", "*yēʾāmar*": "Niphal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - it is said", "*kə-Nimrōd*": "preposition kə- + proper noun - like Nimrod", "*gibbôr*": "masculine singular adjective/noun - mighty one", "*ṣayid*": "masculine singular noun - hunter/hunting", "*li-pnê*": "preposition lə- + masculine plural noun in construct state - before/in the face of", "*YHWH*": "proper divine name - YHWH/LORD" }, "variants": { "*gibbōr-ṣayid*": "mighty hunter/powerful hunter", "*lipnê YHWH*": "before YHWH/in opposition to YHWH/in YHWH's presence", "*yēʾāmar*": "it is said/it will be said" } }

{ "verseID": "Genesis.10.10", "source": "וַתְּהִ֨י רֵאשִׁ֤ית מַמְלַכְתּוֹ֙ בָּבֶ֔ל וְאֶ֖רֶךְ וְאַכַּ֣ד וְכַלְנֵ֑ה בְּאֶ֖רֶץ שִׁנְעָֽר׃", "text": "And *təhî rēʾšît mamlaktô Bābel wəʾErek wəʾAkkad wəKalnēh bəʾereṣ Šinʿār*", "grammar": { "*wa-təhî*": "conjunction wə- + Qal imperfect 3rd person feminine singular jussive - and it was", "*rēʾšît*": "feminine singular noun, construct state - beginning of", "*mamlaktô*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his kingdom", "*Bābel*": "proper noun - Babel/Babylon", "*wə-ʾErek*": "conjunction wə- + proper noun - and Erech", "*wə-ʾAkkad*": "conjunction wə- + proper noun - and Accad", "*wə-Kalnēh*": "conjunction wə- + proper noun - and Calneh", "*bə-ʾereṣ*": "preposition bə- + feminine singular noun, construct state - in the land of", "*Šinʿār*": "proper noun - Shinar" }, "variants": { "*rēʾšît*": "beginning/first/chief part", "*mamlaktô*": "his kingdom/his dominion/his rule" } }

{ "verseID": "Genesis.10.11", "source": "מִן־הָאָ֥רֶץ הַהִ֖וא יָצָ֣א אַשּׁ֑וּר וַיִּ֙בֶן֙ אֶת־נִ֣ינְוֵ֔ה וְאֶת־רְחֹבֹ֥ת עִ֖יר וְאֶת־כָּֽלַח׃", "text": "From *hāʾāreṣ hahiwʾ yāṣāʾ ʾAššûr wayyiben ʾet-Nînəwēh wəʾet-Rəḥōbōt ʿîr wəʾet-Kālaḥ*", "grammar": { "*min-hā-ʾāreṣ*": "preposition min + definite article ha- + feminine singular noun - from the land", "*ha-hiwʾ*": "definite article ha- + demonstrative pronoun feminine singular - that", "*yāṣāʾ*": "Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - went out/came forth", "*ʾAššûr*": "proper noun - Asshur/Assyria", "*wa-yyiben*": "conjunction wə- + Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he built", "*ʾet-Nînəwēh*": "direct object marker + proper noun - Nineveh", "*wə-ʾet-Rəḥōbōt*": "conjunction wə- + direct object marker + proper noun - and Rehoboth", "*ʿîr*": "feminine singular noun - city", "*wə-ʾet-Kālaḥ*": "conjunction wə- + direct object marker + proper noun - and Calah" }, "variants": { "*yāṣāʾ ʾAššûr*": "Asshur went out/he went out to Asshur", "*Rəḥōbōt ʿîr*": "Rehoboth-Ir (city name)/city squares" } }

{ "verseID": "Genesis.10.12", "source": "וְֽאֶת־רֶ֔סֶן בֵּ֥ין נִֽינְוֵ֖ה וּבֵ֣ין כָּ֑לַח הִ֖וא הָעִ֥יר הַגְּדֹלָֽה׃", "text": "And *ʾet-Resen bên Nînəwēh ûbên Kālaḥ hiwʾ hāʿîr haggədōlāh*", "grammar": { "*wə-ʾet-Resen*": "conjunction wə- + direct object marker + proper noun - and Resen", "*bên*": "preposition - between", "*Nînəwēh*": "proper noun - Nineveh", "*û-bên*": "conjunction wə- + preposition - and between", "*Kālaḥ*": "proper noun - Calah", "*hiwʾ*": "3rd person feminine singular pronoun - it/she", "*hā-ʿîr*": "definite article ha- + feminine singular noun - the city", "*ha-gədōlāh*": "definite article ha- + feminine singular adjective - the great" }, "variants": { "*hiwʾ hāʿîr haggədōlāh*": "it is/that is the great city (could refer to Resen, Nineveh, or the entire complex)" } }

{ "verseID": "Genesis.10.13", "source": "וּמִצְרַ֡יִם יָלַ֞ד אֶת־לוּדִ֧ים וְאֶת־עֲנָמִ֛ים וְאֶת־לְהָבִ֖ים וְאֶת־נַפְתֻּחִֽים׃", "text": "And *Miṣrayim yālad ʾet-Lûdîm wəʾet-ʿĂnāmîm wəʾet-Ləhābîm wəʾet-Naptūḥîm*", "grammar": { "*û-Miṣrayim*": "conjunction wə- + proper noun - and Egypt/Mizraim", "*yālad*": "Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - begot/fathered", "*ʾet-Lûdîm*": "direct object marker + proper noun, plural - the Ludim", "*wə-ʾet-ʿĂnāmîm*": "conjunction wə- + direct object marker + proper noun, plural - and the Anamim", "*wə-ʾet-Ləhābîm*": "conjunction wə- + direct object marker + proper noun, plural - and the Lehabim", "*wə-ʾet-Naptūḥîm*": "conjunction wə- + direct object marker + proper noun, plural - and the Naphtuhim" }, "variants": { "*yālad*": "begot/fathered/gave birth to", "*Miṣrayim*": "Egypt/Mizraim (dual form)" } }

{ "verseID": "Genesis.10.14", "source": "וְֽאֶת־פַּתְרֻסִ֞ים וְאֶת־כַּסְלֻחִ֗ים אֲשֶׁ֨ר יָצְא֥וּ מִשָּׁ֛ם פְּלִשְׁתִּ֖ים וְאֶת־כַּפְתֹּרִֽים׃ ס", "text": "And *ʾet-Patrūsîm wəʾet-Kaslūḥîm ʾăšer yāṣəʾû miššām Pəlištîm wəʾet-Kaptōrîm*", "grammar": { "*wə-ʾet-Patrūsîm*": "conjunction wə- + direct object marker + proper noun, plural - and the Pathrusim", "*wə-ʾet-Kaslūḥîm*": "conjunction wə- + direct object marker + proper noun, plural - and the Casluhim", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - who/which", "*yāṣəʾû*": "Qal perfect 3rd person common plural - came out/went forth", "*mi-ššām*": "preposition min + adverb - from there", "*Pəlištîm*": "proper noun, plural - Philistines", "*wə-ʾet-Kaptōrîm*": "conjunction wə- + direct object marker + proper noun, plural - and the Caphtorim" }, "variants": { "*yāṣəʾû miššām Pəlištîm*": "from whom came the Philistines/from there came the Philistines" } }

{ "verseID": "Genesis.10.15", "source": "וּכְנַ֗עַן יָלַ֛ד אֶת־צִידֹ֥ן בְּכֹר֖וֹ וְאֶת־חֵֽת׃", "text": "And *Kənaʿan yālad ʾet-Ṣîdōn bəkōrô wəʾet-Ḥēt*", "grammar": { "*û-Kənaʿan*": "conjunction wə- + proper noun - and Canaan", "*yālad*": "Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - begot/fathered", "*ʾet-Ṣîdōn*": "direct object marker + proper noun - Sidon", "*bəkōrô*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his firstborn", "*wə-ʾet-Ḥēt*": "conjunction wə- + direct object marker + proper noun - and Heth" }, "variants": { "*yālad*": "begot/fathered/gave birth to", "*bəkōrô*": "his firstborn/his first son" } }

{ "verseID": "Genesis.10.16", "source": "וְאֶת־הַיְבוּסִי֙ וְאֶת־הָ֣אֱמֹרִ֔י וְאֵ֖ת הַגִּרְגָּשִֽׁי׃", "text": "And *ʾet-haYəbûsî wəʾet-hāʾĔmōrî wəʾēt haGirgāšî*", "grammar": { "*wə-ʾet-ha-Yəbûsî*": "conjunction wə- + direct object marker + definite article ha- + gentilic noun - and the Jebusite", "*wə-ʾet-hā-ʾĔmōrî*": "conjunction wə- + direct object marker + definite article ha- + gentilic noun - and the Amorite", "*wə-ʾēt ha-Girgāšî*": "conjunction wə- + direct object marker + definite article ha- + gentilic noun - and the Girgashite" }, "variants": {} }

{ "verseID": "Genesis.10.17", "source": "וְאֶת־הֽ͏ַחִוִּ֥י וְאֶת־הֽ͏ַעַרְקִ֖י וְאֶת־הַסִּינִֽי׃", "text": "And *ʾet-haḤiwwî wəʾet-haʿArqî wəʾet-haSînî*", "grammar": { "*wə-ʾet-ha-Ḥiwwî*": "conjunction wə- + direct object marker + definite article ha- + gentilic noun - and the Hivite", "*wə-ʾet-ha-ʿArqî*": "conjunction wə- + direct object marker + definite article ha- + gentilic noun - and the Arkite", "*wə-ʾet-ha-Sînî*": "conjunction wə- + direct object marker + definite article ha- + gentilic noun - and the Sinite" }, "variants": {} }

{ "verseID": "Genesis.10.18", "source": "וְאֶת־הֽ͏ָאַרְוָדִ֥י וְאֶת־הַצְּמָרִ֖י וְאֶת־הֽ͏ַחֲמָתִ֑י וְאַחַ֣ר נָפֹ֔צוּ מִשְׁפְּח֖וֹת הֽ͏ַכְּנַעֲנִֽי׃", "text": "And *ʾet-hāʾArwādî wəʾet-haṢṢəmārî wəʾet-haḤămātî wəʾaḥar nāpōṣû mišpəḥôt haKənaʿănî*", "grammar": { "*wə-ʾet-hā-ʾArwādî*": "conjunction wə- + direct object marker + definite article ha- + gentilic noun - and the Arvadite", "*wə-ʾet-ha-Ṣṣəmārî*": "conjunction wə- + direct object marker + definite article ha- + gentilic noun - and the Zemarite", "*wə-ʾet-ha-Ḥămātî*": "conjunction wə- + direct object marker + definite article ha- + gentilic noun - and the Hamathite", "*wə-ʾaḥar*": "conjunction wə- + adverb - and afterward", "*nāpōṣû*": "Qal perfect 3rd person common plural - were scattered/spread abroad", "*mišpəḥôt*": "feminine plural noun, construct state - families of", "*ha-Kənaʿănî*": "definite article ha- + gentilic noun - the Canaanite" }, "variants": { "*nāpōṣû*": "were scattered/spread abroad/dispersed" } }

{ "verseID": "Genesis.10.19", "source": "וֽ͏ַיְהִ֞י גְּב֤וּל הֽ͏ַכְּנַעֲנִי֙ מִצִּידֹ֔ן בֹּאֲכָ֥ה גְרָ֖רָה עַד־עַזָּ֑ה בֹּאֲכָ֞ה סְדֹ֧מָה וַעֲמֹרָ֛ה וְאַדְמָ֥ה וּצְבֹיִ֖ם עַד־לָֽשַׁע׃", "text": "And *yəhî gəbûl haKənaʿănî miṢṢîdōn bōʾăkāh Gərārāh ʿad-ʿAzzāh bōʾăkāh Sədōmāh waʿĂmōrāh wəʾAdmāh ûṢəbōyim ʿad-Lāšaʿ*", "grammar": { "*wa-yəhî*": "conjunction wə- + Qal imperfect jussive 3rd person masculine singular - and it was", "*gəbûl*": "masculine singular noun, construct state - border/territory of", "*ha-Kənaʿănî*": "definite article ha- + gentilic noun - the Canaanite", "*mi-Ṣṣîdōn*": "preposition min + proper noun - from Sidon", "*bōʾăkāh*": "Qal infinitive construct with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - as you come/going toward", "*Gərārāh*": "proper noun with directional heh - to Gerar", "*ʿad-ʿAzzāh*": "preposition ʿad + proper noun - as far as Gaza", "*bōʾăkāh*": "Qal infinitive construct with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - as you come/going toward", "*Sədōmāh*": "proper noun with directional heh - to Sodom", "*wa-ʿĂmōrāh*": "conjunction wə- + proper noun - and Gomorrah", "*wə-ʾAdmāh*": "conjunction wə- + proper noun - and Admah", "*û-Ṣəbōyim*": "conjunction wə- + proper noun - and Zeboiim", "*ʿad-Lāšaʿ*": "preposition ʿad + proper noun - as far as Lasha" }, "variants": { "*gəbûl*": "border/territory/region", "*bōʾăkāh*": "as you come/going toward/in the direction of" } }

{ "verseID": "Genesis.10.20", "source": "אֵ֣לֶּה בְנֵי־חָ֔ם לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָ֖ם לִלְשֹֽׁנֹתָ֑ם בְּאַרְצֹתָ֖ם בְּגוֹיֵהֶֽם׃ ס", "text": "*ʾēlleh bənê-Ḥām ləmišpəḥōtām lilšōnōtām bəʾarṣōtām bəgôyêhem*", "grammar": { "*ʾēlleh*": "demonstrative pronoun, plural - these", "*bənê-Ḥām*": "masculine plural noun, construct state + proper noun - sons of Ham", "*lə-mišpəḥōtām*": "preposition lə- + feminine plural noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - according to their families", "*li-lšōnōtām*": "preposition lə- + masculine plural noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - according to their languages", "*bə-ʾarṣōtām*": "preposition bə- + feminine plural noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - in their lands", "*bə-gôyêhem*": "preposition bə- + masculine plural noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - in their nations" }, "variants": { "*bənê*": "sons/descendants" } }

{ "verseID": "Genesis.10.21", "source": "וּלְשֵׁ֥ם יֻלַּ֖ד גַּם־ה֑וּא אֲבִי֙ כָּל־בְּנֵי־עֵ֔בֶר אֲחִ֖י יֶ֥פֶת הַגָּדֽוֹל׃", "text": "And to *Šēm yullad gam-hûʾ ʾăbî kol-bənê-ʿĒber ʾăḥî Yepet haggādôl*", "grammar": { "*û-lə-Šēm*": "conjunction wə- + preposition lə- + proper noun - and to Shem", "*yullad*": "Pual perfect 3rd person masculine singular - was born", "*gam-hûʾ*": "adverb + 3rd person masculine singular pronoun - also/even he", "*ʾăbî*": "masculine singular noun, construct state - father of", "*kol-bənê-ʿĒber*": "noun + masculine plural noun, construct state + proper noun - all the sons of Eber", "*ʾăḥî*": "masculine singular noun, construct state - brother of", "*Yepet*": "proper noun - Japheth", "*ha-ggādôl*": "definite article ha- + masculine singular adjective - the elder/great" }, "variants": { "*ʾăḥî Yepet haggādôl*": "brother of Japheth the elder/brother of the elder Japheth (ambiguous: could mean Shem is the brother of Japheth the elder, or Shem is the elder brother of Japheth)", "*yullad*": "was born/was fathered/children were born" } }

{ "verseID": "Genesis.10.22", "source": "בְּנֵ֥י שֵׁ֖ם עֵילָ֣ם וְאַשּׁ֑וּר וְאַרְפַּכְשַׁ֖ד וְל֥וּד וֽ͏ַאֲרָֽם׃", "text": "*bənê Šēm ʿÊlām wəʾAššûr wəʾArpakšad wəLûd waʾĂrām*", "grammar": { "*bənê*": "masculine plural noun, construct state - sons of", "*Šēm*": "proper noun - Shem", "*ʿÊlām*": "proper noun - Elam", "*wə-ʾAššûr*": "conjunction wə- + proper noun - and Asshur", "*wə-ʾArpakšad*": "conjunction wə- + proper noun - and Arphaxad", "*wə-Lûd*": "conjunction wə- + proper noun - and Lud", "*wa-ʾĂrām*": "conjunction wə- + proper noun - and Aram" }, "variants": { "*bənê*": "sons/descendants" } }

{ "verseID": "Genesis.10.23", "source": "וּבְנֵ֖י אֲרָ֑ם ע֥וּץ וְח֖וּל וְגֶ֥תֶר וָמַֽשׁ׃", "text": "And *bənê ʾĂrām ʿÛṣ wəḤûl wəGeter wāMaš*", "grammar": { "*û-bənê*": "conjunction wə- + masculine plural noun, construct state - and sons of", "*ʾĂrām*": "proper noun - Aram", "*ʿÛṣ*": "proper noun - Uz", "*wə-Ḥûl*": "conjunction wə- + proper noun - and Hul", "*wə-Geter*": "conjunction wə- + proper noun - and Gether", "*wā-Maš*": "conjunction wə- + proper noun - and Mash" }, "variants": { "*bənê*": "sons/descendants" } }

{ "verseID": "Genesis.10.24", "source": "וְאַרְפַּכְשַׁ֖ד יָלַ֣ד אֶת־שָׁ֑לַח וְשֶׁ֖לַח יָלַ֥ד אֶת־עֵֽבֶר׃", "text": "And *ʾArpakšad yālad ʾet-Šālaḥ wəŠelaḥ yālad ʾet-ʿĒber*", "grammar": { "*wə-ʾArpakšad*": "conjunction wə- + proper noun - and Arphaxad", "*yālad*": "Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - begot/fathered", "*ʾet-Šālaḥ*": "direct object marker + proper noun - Shelah", "*wə-Šelaḥ*": "conjunction wə- + proper noun - and Shelah", "*yālad*": "Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - begot/fathered", "*ʾet-ʿĒber*": "direct object marker + proper noun - Eber" }, "variants": { "*yālad*": "begot/fathered/gave birth to" } }

{ "verseID": "Genesis.10.25", "source": "וּלְעֵ֥בֶר יֻלַּ֖ד שְׁנֵ֣י בָנִ֑ים שֵׁ֣ם הֽ͏ָאֶחָ֞ד פֶּ֗לֶג כִּ֤י בְיָמָיו֙ נִפְלְגָ֣ה הָאָ֔רֶץ וְשֵׁ֥ם אָחִ֖יו יָקְטָֽן׃", "text": "And to *ʿĒber yullad šənê bānîm šēm hāʾeḥād Peleg kî bəyāmāyw niplǝgāh hāʾāreṣ wəšēm ʾāḥîw Yāqṭān*", "grammar": { "*û-lə-ʿĒber*": "conjunction wə- + preposition lə- + proper noun - and to Eber", "*yullad*": "Pual perfect 3rd person masculine singular - were born", "*šənê*": "numeral, construct state - two of", "*bānîm*": "masculine plural noun - sons", "*šēm*": "masculine singular noun, construct state - name of", "*hā-ʾeḥād*": "definite article ha- + numeral - the one/the first", "*Peleg*": "proper noun - Peleg", "*kî*": "conjunction - because/for", "*bə-yāmāyw*": "preposition bə- + masculine plural noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - in his days", "*niplǝgāh*": "Niphal perfect 3rd person feminine singular - was divided", "*hā-ʾāreṣ*": "definite article ha- + feminine singular noun - the earth/land", "*wə-šēm*": "conjunction wə- + masculine singular noun, construct state - and name of", "*ʾāḥîw*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his brother", "*Yāqṭān*": "proper noun - Joktan" }, "variants": { "*niplǝgāh*": "was divided/was spread out", "*hāʾāreṣ*": "the earth/the land/the inhabitants", "*Peleg*": "division (name means 'division')" } }

{ "verseID": "Genesis.10.26", "source": "וְיָקְטָ֣ן יָלַ֔ד אֶת־אַלְמוֹדָ֖ד וְאֶת־שָׁ֑לֶף וְאֶת־חֲצַרְמָ֖וֶת וְאֶת־יָֽרַח׃", "text": "And *Yāqṭān yālad ʾet-ʾAlmôdād wəʾet-Šālep wəʾet-Ḥăṣarmāwet wəʾet-Yāraḥ*", "grammar": { "*wə-Yāqṭān*": "conjunction wə- + proper noun - and Joktan", "*yālad*": "Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - begot/fathered", "*ʾet-ʾAlmôdād*": "direct object marker + proper noun - Almodad", "*wə-ʾet-Šālep*": "conjunction wə- + direct object marker + proper noun - and Sheleph", "*wə-ʾet-Ḥăṣarmāwet*": "conjunction wə- + direct object marker + proper noun - and Hazarmaveth", "*wə-ʾet-Yāraḥ*": "conjunction wə- + direct object marker + proper noun - and Jerah" }, "variants": { "*yālad*": "begot/fathered/gave birth to" } }

{ "verseID": "Genesis.10.27", "source": "וְאֶת־הֲדוֹרָ֥ם וְאֶת־אוּזָ֖ל וְאֶת־דִּקְלָֽה׃", "text": "And *ʾet-Hădôrām wəʾet-ʾÛzāl wəʾet-Diqlāh*", "grammar": { "*wə-ʾet-Hădôrām*": "conjunction wə- + direct object marker + proper noun - and Hadoram", "*wə-ʾet-ʾÛzāl*": "conjunction wə- + direct object marker + proper noun - and Uzal", "*wə-ʾet-Diqlāh*": "conjunction wə- + direct object marker + proper noun - and Diklah" }, "variants": {} }

{ "verseID": "Genesis.10.28", "source": "וְאֶת־עוֹבָ֥ל וְאֶת־אֲבִֽימָאֵ֖ל וְאֶת־שְׁבָֽא׃", "text": "And *ʾet-ʿÔbāl wəʾet-ʾĂbîmāʾēl wəʾet-Šəbāʾ*", "grammar": { "*wə-ʾet-ʿÔbāl*": "conjunction wə- + direct object marker + proper noun - and Obal", "*wə-ʾet-ʾĂbîmāʾēl*": "conjunction wə- + direct object marker + proper noun - and Abimael", "*wə-ʾet-Šəbāʾ*": "conjunction wə- + direct object marker + proper noun - and Sheba" }, "variants": {} }

{ "verseID": "Genesis.10.29", "source": "וְאֶת־אוֹפִ֥ר וְאֶת־חֲוִילָ֖ה וְאֶת־יוֹבָ֑ב כָּל־אֵ֖לֶּה בְּנֵ֥י יָקְטָֽן׃", "text": "And *ʾet-ʾÔpir wəʾet-Ḥăwîlāh wəʾet-Yôbāb kol-ʾēlleh bənê Yāqṭān*", "grammar": { "*wə-ʾet-ʾÔpir*": "conjunction wə- + direct object marker + proper noun - and Ophir", "*wə-ʾet-Ḥăwîlāh*": "conjunction wə- + direct object marker + proper noun - and Havilah", "*wə-ʾet-Yôbāb*": "conjunction wə- + direct object marker + proper noun - and Jobab", "*kol-ʾēlleh*": "noun + demonstrative pronoun, plural - all these", "*bənê*": "masculine plural noun, construct state - sons of", "*Yāqṭān*": "proper noun - Joktan" }, "variants": { "*bənê*": "sons/descendants" } }

{ "verseID": "Genesis.10.30", "source": "וֽ͏ַיְהִ֥י מוֹשָׁבָ֖ם מִמֵּשָׁ֑א בֹּאֲכָ֥ה סְפָ֖רָה הַ֥ר הַקֶּֽדֶם׃", "text": "And *yəhî môšābām miMMēšāʾ bōʾăkāh Səpārāh har haqqedem*", "grammar": { "*wa-yəhî*": "conjunction wə- + Qal imperfect jussive 3rd person masculine singular - and it was", "*môšābām*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their dwelling", "*mi-MMēšāʾ*": "preposition min + proper noun - from Mesha", "*bōʾăkāh*": "Qal infinitive construct with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - as you come/going toward", "*Səpārāh*": "proper noun with directional heh - to Sephar", "*har*": "masculine singular noun, construct state - mountain of", "*ha-qqedem*": "definite article ha- + masculine singular noun - the east" }, "variants": { "*môšābām*": "their dwelling/their settlement/their habitation", "*bōʾăkāh*": "as you come/going toward/in the direction of", "*har haqqedem*": "mountain of the east/eastern mountain/mountain region in the east" } }

{ "verseID": "Genesis.10.31", "source": "אֵ֣לֶּה בְנֵי־שֵׁ֔ם לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָ֖ם לִלְשֹׁנֹתָ֑ם בְּאַרְצֹתָ֖ם לְגוֹיֵהֶֽם׃", "text": "*ʾēlleh bənê-Šēm ləmišpəḥōtām lilšōnōtām bəʾarṣōtām ləgôyêhem*", "grammar": { "*ʾēlleh*": "demonstrative pronoun, plural - these", "*bənê-Šēm*": "masculine plural noun, construct state + proper noun - sons of Shem", "*lə-mišpəḥōtām*": "preposition lə- + feminine plural noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - according to their families", "*li-lšōnōtām*": "preposition lə- + masculine plural noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - according to their languages", "*bə-ʾarṣōtām*": "preposition bə- + feminine plural noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - in their lands", "*lə-gôyêhem*": "preposition lə- + masculine plural noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - according to their nations" }, "variants": { "*bənê*": "sons/descendants" } }

{ "verseID": "Genesis.10.32", "source": "אֵ֣לֶּה מִשְׁפְּחֹ֧ת בְּנֵי־נֹ֛חַ לְתוֹלְדֹתָ֖ם בְּגוֹיֵהֶ֑ם וּמֵאֵ֜לֶּה נִפְרְד֧וּ הַגּוֹיִ֛ם בָּאָ֖רֶץ אַחַ֥ר הַמַּבּֽוּל׃ פ", "text": "*ʾēlleh mišpəḥōt bənê-nōaḥ lətôlədōtām bəgôyêhem ûmēʾēlleh niprədû haggôyim bāʾāreṣ ʾaḥar hammabbûl*", "grammar": { "*ʾēlleh*": "demonstrative pronoun, plural - these", "*mišpəḥōt*": "feminine plural noun, construct state - families of", "*bənê-nōaḥ*": "masculine plural noun, construct state + proper noun - sons of Noah", "*lə-tôlədōtām*": "preposition lə- + feminine plural noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - according to their generations", "*bə-gôyêhem*": "preposition bə- + masculine plural noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - in their nations", "*û-mē-ʾēlleh*": "conjunction wə- + preposition min + demonstrative pronoun, plural - and from these", "*niprədû*": "Niphal perfect 3rd person common plural - were separated/divided", "*ha-ggôyim*": "definite article ha- + masculine plural noun - the nations", "*bā-ʾāreṣ*": "preposition bə- + definite article ha- + feminine singular noun - in the earth/land", "*ʾaḥar*": "preposition - after", "*ha-mmabbûl*": "definite article ha- + masculine singular noun - the flood" }, "variants": { "*mišpəḥōt*": "families/clans/tribes", "*tôlədōtām*": "their generations/their genealogical divisions/their descendants", "*niprədû*": "were separated/divided/dispersed/spread out", "*bāʾāreṣ*": "in the earth/in the land/throughout the world" } }