{ "verseID": "Hosea.9.1", "source": "אַל־תִּשְׂמַ֨ח יִשְׂרָאֵ֤ל ׀ אֶל־גִּיל֙ כָּֽעַמִּ֔ים כִּ֥י זָנִ֖יתָ מֵעַ֣ל אֱלֹהֶ֑יךָ אָהַ֣בְתָּ אֶתְנָ֔ן עַ֖ל כָּל־גָּרְנ֥וֹת דָּגָֽן׃", "text": "Not *tiśmaḥ* *yiśrāʾēl* to *gîl* like-the-*ʿammîm* because *zānîtā* from-upon *ʾĕlōhêkā*; *ʾāhabtā* *ʾetnān* upon all-*gornôt* of-*dāgān*.", "grammar": { "*tiśmaḥ*": "qal imperfect 2nd masculine singular with negative particle - 'do not rejoice'", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun, vocative - 'Israel' (addressed)", "*gîl*": "infinitive construct - 'rejoicing/joy'", "*ʿammîm*": "masculine plural noun - 'peoples/nations'", "*zānîtā*": "qal perfect 2nd masculine singular - 'you committed fornication/were unfaithful'", "*ʾĕlōhêkā*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd masculine singular possessive suffix - 'your God'", "*ʾāhabtā*": "qal perfect 2nd masculine singular - 'you loved'", "*ʾetnān*": "noun - 'payment/hire (for prostitution)'", "*gornôt*": "plural construct form of *gōren* - 'threshing floors of'", "*dāgān*": "masculine singular noun - 'grain/corn'" }, "variants": { "*gîl*": "rejoicing/joy/exultation", "*zānîtā*": "you committed prostitution/were unfaithful/played the harlot", "*ʾetnān*": "payment for prostitution/hire/wages of prostitution", "*gornôt*": "threshing floors/granaries", "*dāgān*": "grain/corn/wheat" } }

{ "verseID": "Hosea.9.2", "source": "גֹּ֥רֶן וָיֶ֖קֶב לֹ֣א יִרְעֵ֑ם וְתִיר֖וֹשׁ יְכַ֥חֶשׁ בָּֽהּ׃", "text": "*Gōren* and-*yeqeb* not *yirʿēm* and-*tîrôš* *yekaḥēš* in-her.", "grammar": { "*Gōren*": "masculine singular noun - 'threshing floor'", "*yeqeb*": "masculine singular noun - 'wine vat/winepress'", "*yirʿēm*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with 3rd masculine plural object suffix - 'will feed them'", "*tîrôš*": "masculine singular noun - 'new wine/must'", "*yekaḥēš*": "piel imperfect 3rd masculine singular - 'will deceive/fail'", "*bāh*": "preposition with 3rd feminine singular suffix - 'in her'" }, "variants": { "*Gōren*": "threshing floor/granary", "*yeqeb*": "wine vat/winepress/wine-trough", "*yirʿēm*": "will feed them/will shepherd them/will provide for them", "*tîrôš*": "new wine/must/fresh grape juice", "*yekaḥēš*": "will deceive/will fail/will disappoint" } }

{ "verseID": "Hosea.9.3", "source": "לֹ֥א יֵשְׁב֖וּ בְּאֶ֣רֶץ יְהוָ֑ה וְשָׁ֤ב אֶפְרַ֙יִם֙ מִצְרַ֔יִם וּבְאַשּׁ֖וּר טָמֵ֥א יֹאכֵֽלוּ׃", "text": "Not *yēšbû* in-*ʾereṣ* *YHWH* and-*šāb* *ʾeprayim* *miṣrayim* and-in-*ʾaššûr* *ṭāmēʾ* *yōʾkēlû*.", "grammar": { "*yēšbû*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - 'they will dwell/remain'", "*ʾereṣ*": "feminine singular construct - 'land of'", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*šāb*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - 'returned/will return'", "*ʾeprayim*": "proper noun - 'Ephraim' (northern kingdom)", "*miṣrayim*": "proper noun - 'Egypt'", "*ʾaššûr*": "proper noun - 'Assyria'", "*ṭāmēʾ*": "adjective masculine singular - 'unclean/defiled'", "*yōʾkēlû*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - 'they will eat'" }, "variants": { "*yēšbû*": "they will dwell/they will remain/they will inhabit", "*ʾereṣ*": "land/country/territory", "*šāb*": "returned/will return/turned back", "*ṭāmēʾ*": "unclean/defiled/impure food", "*yōʾkēlû*": "they will eat/they will consume" } }

{ "verseID": "Hosea.9.4", "source": "לֹא־יִסְּכ֨וּ לַיהוָ֥ה ׀ יַיִן֮ וְלֹ֣א יֶֽעֶרְבוּ־לוֹ֒ זִבְחֵיהֶ֗ם כְּלֶ֤חֶם אוֹנִים֙ לָהֶ֔ם כָּל־אֹכְלָ֖יו יִטַמָּ֑אוּ כִּֽי־לַחְמָ֣ם לְנַפְשָׁ֔ם לֹ֥א יָב֖וֹא בֵּ֥ית יְהוָֽה׃", "text": "Not-*yissekû* to-*YHWH* *yayin* and-not *yeʿerbû*-to-him, *zibḥêhem* like-*leḥem* *ʾônîm* to-them, all-*ʾōkelāyw* *yiṭṭammāʾû* because-*laḥmām* for-*napšām* not *yābôʾ* *bêt* *YHWH*.", "grammar": { "*yissekû*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - 'they will pour out/offer'", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*yayin*": "masculine singular noun - 'wine'", "*yeʿerbû*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - 'they will be pleasing'", "*zibḥêhem*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - 'their sacrifices'", "*leḥem*": "masculine singular construct - 'bread of'", "*ʾônîm*": "masculine plural noun - 'mourners'", "*ʾōkelāyw*": "qal participle masculine plural with 3rd masculine singular suffix - 'its eaters'", "*yiṭṭammāʾû*": "hitpael imperfect 3rd masculine plural - 'they will be defiled'", "*laḥmām*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - 'their bread'", "*napšām*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - 'their soul/appetite'", "*yābôʾ*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - 'it will come/enter'", "*bêt*": "masculine singular construct - 'house of'" }, "variants": { "*yissekû*": "they will pour out/they will offer libations", "*yeʿerbû*": "they will be pleasing/they will be acceptable", "*zibḥêhem*": "their sacrifices/their offerings", "*leḥem*": "bread/food", "*ʾônîm*": "mourners/mourning/those in grief", "*yiṭṭammāʾû*": "they will be defiled/they will become unclean", "*laḥmām*": "their bread/their food", "*napšām*": "their soul/their appetite/themselves", "*yābôʾ*": "it will come/it will enter/it will be brought" } }

{ "verseID": "Hosea.9.5", "source": "מַֽה־תַּעֲשׂ֖וּ לְי֣וֹם מוֹעֵ֑ד וּלְי֖וֹם חַג־יְהוָֽה׃", "text": "What-*taʿaśû* for-*yôm* *môʿēd* and-for-*yôm* *ḥag*-*YHWH*?", "grammar": { "*taʿaśû*": "qal imperfect 2nd masculine plural - 'you will do/make'", "*yôm*": "masculine singular construct - 'day of'", "*môʿēd*": "masculine singular noun - 'appointed time/festival'", "*ḥag*": "masculine singular construct - 'feast/festival of'", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name" }, "variants": { "*taʿaśû*": "you will do/you will make/you will prepare", "*yôm*": "day/time", "*môʿēd*": "appointed time/festival/assembly", "*ḥag*": "feast/festival/pilgrimage" } }

{ "verseID": "Hosea.9.6", "source": "כִּֽי־הִנֵּ֤ה הָֽלְכוּ֙ מִשֹּׁ֔ד מִצְרַ֥יִם תְּקַבְּצֵ֖ם מֹ֣ף תְּקַבְּרֵ֑ם מַחְמַ֣ד לְכַסְפָּ֗ם קִמּוֹשׂ֙ יִֽירָשֵׁ֔ם ח֖וֹחַ בְּאָהֳלֵיהֶֽם׃", "text": "Because-behold *hālekû* from-*šōd*, *miṣrayim* *teqabbeṣēm*, *mōp* *teqabberēm*; *maḥmad* for-*kaspām* *qimmôś* *yîrāšēm*, *ḥôaḥ* in-*ʾohŏlêhem*.", "grammar": { "*hālekû*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine plural - 'they went/have gone'", "*šōd*": "masculine singular noun - 'destruction/devastation'", "*miṣrayim*": "proper noun - 'Egypt'", "*teqabbeṣēm*": "piel imperfect 3rd feminine singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix - 'she will gather them'", "*mōp*": "proper noun - 'Memphis'", "*teqabberēm*": "piel imperfect 3rd feminine singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix - 'she will bury them'", "*maḥmad*": "masculine singular construct - 'desirable things of'", "*kaspām*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - 'their silver'", "*qimmôś*": "masculine singular noun - 'nettles/thorns'", "*yîrāšēm*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix - 'will possess them'", "*ḥôaḥ*": "masculine singular noun - 'thorns/thistles'", "*ʾohŏlêhem*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - 'their tents'" }, "variants": { "*hālekû*": "they went/they have gone/they departed", "*šōd*": "destruction/devastation/violence", "*teqabbeṣēm*": "she will gather them/she will collect them", "*teqabberēm*": "she will bury them/she will entomb them", "*maḥmad*": "desirable things/precious things/treasures", "*kaspām*": "their silver/their money", "*qimmôś*": "nettles/thorns/weeds", "*yîrāšēm*": "will possess them/will inherit them/will take possession of them", "*ḥôaḥ*": "thorns/thistles/briars", "*ʾohŏlêhem*": "their tents/their dwellings" } }

{ "verseID": "Hosea.9.7", "source": "בָּ֣אוּ ׀ יְמֵ֣י הַפְּקֻדָּ֗ה בָּ֚אוּ יְמֵ֣י הַשִׁלֻּ֔ם יֵדְע֖וּ יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל אֱוִ֣יל הַנָּבִ֗יא מְשֻׁגָּע֙ אִ֣ישׁ הָר֔וּחַ עַ֚ל רֹ֣ב עֲוֺנְךָ֔ וְרַבָּ֖ה מַשְׂטֵמָֽה׃", "text": "*Bāʾû* *yemê* the-*peqūddāh*, *bāʾû* *yemê* the-*šillūm*, *yēdeʿû* *yiśrāʾēl*; *ʾĕwîl* the-*nābîʾ*, *mešuggāʿ* *ʾîš* the-*rûaḥ*, upon *rōb* *ʿăwōnekā* and-great *maśṭēmāh*.", "grammar": { "*Bāʾû*": "qal perfect 3rd common plural - 'they have come'", "*yemê*": "masculine plural construct - 'days of'", "*peqūddāh*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - 'the visitation/punishment'", "*šillūm*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - 'the recompense/retribution'", "*yēdeʿû*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - 'they will know'", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - 'Israel'", "*ʾĕwîl*": "adjective masculine singular - 'foolish'", "*nābîʾ*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - 'the prophet'", "*mešuggāʿ*": "pual participle masculine singular - 'driven mad/insane'", "*ʾîš*": "masculine singular construct - 'man of'", "*rûaḥ*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - 'the spirit'", "*rōb*": "masculine singular construct - 'abundance of'", "*ʿăwōnekā*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - 'your iniquity'", "*maśṭēmāh*": "feminine singular noun - 'hostility/persecution'" }, "variants": { "*Bāʾû*": "they have come/they came/they arrived", "*peqūddāh*": "visitation/punishment/reckoning", "*šillūm*": "recompense/retribution/requital", "*yēdeʿû*": "they will know/they shall experience", "*ʾĕwîl*": "foolish/senseless/stupid", "*mešuggāʿ*": "driven mad/insane/crazy", "*ʾîš* *rûaḥ*": "man of the spirit/inspired man/spiritual man", "*rōb*": "abundance/greatness/multitude", "*ʿăwōnekā*": "your iniquity/your sin/your guilt", "*maśṭēmāh*": "hostility/persecution/enmity" } }

{ "verseID": "Hosea.9.8", "source": "צֹפֶ֥ה אֶפְרַ֖יִם עִם־אֱלֹהָ֑י נָבִ֞יא פַּ֤ח יָקוֹשׁ֙ עַל־כָּל־דְּרָכָ֔יו מַשְׂטֵמָ֖ה בְּבֵ֥ית אֱלֹהָֽיו׃", "text": "*Ṣōpeh* *ʾeprayim* with-*ʾĕlōhāy*; *nābîʾ* *paḥ* *yāqôš* upon-all-*derākāyw*, *maśṭēmāh* in-*bêt* *ʾĕlōhāyw*.", "grammar": { "*Ṣōpeh*": "qal participle masculine singular - 'watchman/one watching'", "*ʾeprayim*": "proper noun - 'Ephraim' (northern kingdom)", "*ʾĕlōhāy*": "masculine plural noun with 1st singular suffix - 'my God'", "*nābîʾ*": "masculine singular noun - 'prophet'", "*paḥ*": "masculine singular construct - 'snare/trap of'", "*yāqôš*": "masculine singular noun/adjective - 'fowler/snarer'", "*derākāyw*": "feminine plural noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - 'his ways'", "*maśṭēmāh*": "feminine singular noun - 'hostility/persecution'", "*bêt*": "masculine singular construct - 'house of'", "*ʾĕlōhāyw*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - 'his God'" }, "variants": { "*Ṣōpeh*": "watchman/lookout/sentinel", "*paḥ* *yāqôš*": "snare of a fowler/bird trap/trap set by a hunter", "*derākāyw*": "his ways/his paths/his conduct", "*maśṭēmāh*": "hostility/persecution/enmity", "*bêt* *ʾĕlōhāyw*": "house of his God/his temple/his sanctuary" } }

{ "verseID": "Hosea.9.9", "source": "הֶעְמִֽיקוּ־שִׁחֵ֖תוּ כִּימֵ֣י הַגִּבְעָ֑ה יִזְכּ֣וֹר עֲוֺנָ֔ם יִפְק֖וֹד חַטֹּאותָֽם׃", "text": "*Heʿmîqû*-*šiḥētû* like-*yemê* the-*gibʿāh*; *yizkôr* *ʿăwōnām*, *yipqôd* *ḥaṭṭôʾwtām*.", "grammar": { "*Heʿmîqû*": "hifil perfect 3rd common plural - 'they have gone deeply'", "*šiḥētû*": "piel perfect 3rd common plural - 'they have corrupted/done corruptly'", "*yemê*": "masculine plural construct - 'days of'", "*gibʿāh*": "proper noun with definite article - 'the Gibeah'", "*yizkôr*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - 'he will remember'", "*ʿăwōnām*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - 'their iniquity'", "*yipqôd*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - 'he will visit/punish'", "*ḥaṭṭôʾwtām*": "feminine plural noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - 'their sins'" }, "variants": { "*Heʿmîqû*-*šiḥētû*": "they have deeply corrupted/they are deeply depraved/they have gone deeply into corruption", "*gibʿāh*": "reference to incident in Judges 19-20", "*yizkôr*": "he will remember/he will recall/he will not forget", "*ʿăwōnām*": "their iniquity/their guilt/their sin", "*yipqôd*": "he will visit/he will punish/he will reckon" } }

{ "verseID": "Hosea.9.10", "source": "כַּעֲנָבִ֣ים בַּמִּדְבָּ֗ר מָצָ֙אתִי֙ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל כְּבִכּוּרָ֤ה בִתְאֵנָה֙ בְּרֵ֣אשִׁיתָ֔הּ רָאִ֖יתִי אֲבֽוֹתֵיכֶ֑ם הֵ֜מָּה בָּ֣אוּ בַֽעַל־פְּע֗וֹר וַיִּנָּֽזְרוּ֙ לַבֹּ֔שֶׁת וַיִּהְי֥וּ שִׁקּוּצִ֖ים כְּאָהֳבָֽם׃", "text": "Like-*ʿănābîm* in-the-*midbār* *māṣāʾtî* *yiśrāʾēl*, like-*bikkûrāh* in-*teʾēnāh* in-*rēʾšîtāh* *rāʾîtî* *ʾăbôtêkem*; *hēmmāh* *bāʾû* *baʿal*-*peʿôr* and-*wayyinnāzerû* to-the-*bōšet* and-*wayyihyû* *šiqqûṣîm* like-*ʾāhŏbām*.", "grammar": { "*ʿănābîm*": "masculine plural noun - 'grapes'", "*midbār*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - 'the wilderness'", "*māṣāʾtî*": "qal perfect 1st singular - 'I found'", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - 'Israel'", "*bikkûrāh*": "feminine singular noun - 'early fig/first-ripe fig'", "*teʾēnāh*": "feminine singular noun - 'fig tree'", "*rēʾšîtāh*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd feminine singular suffix - 'its beginning/first fruits'", "*rāʾîtî*": "qal perfect 1st singular - 'I saw'", "*ʾăbôtêkem*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd masculine plural suffix - 'your fathers'", "*hēmmāh*": "3rd masculine plural independent pronoun - 'they'", "*bāʾû*": "qal perfect 3rd common plural - 'they came'", "*baʿal*-*peʿôr*": "proper noun - 'Baal of Peor'", "*wayyinnāzerû*": "niphal consecutive imperfect 3rd masculine plural - 'and they separated themselves'", "*bōšet*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - 'the shame'", "*wayyihyû*": "qal consecutive imperfect 3rd masculine plural - 'and they became'", "*šiqqûṣîm*": "masculine plural noun - 'detestable things/abominations'", "*ʾāhŏbām*": "qal infinitive construct with 3rd masculine plural suffix - 'their love'" }, "variants": { "*ʿănābîm*": "grapes/clusters of grapes", "*midbār*": "wilderness/desert/wasteland", "*bikkûrāh*": "early fig/first-ripe fig/first fruit", "*rēʾšîtāh*": "its beginning/its first fruits/its first time", "*baʿal*-*peʿôr*": "reference to incident in Numbers 25", "*wayyinnāzerû*": "and they separated themselves/they consecrated themselves/they devoted themselves", "*bōšet*": "the shame/disgrace/shameful thing (euphemism for Baal)", "*šiqqûṣîm*": "detestable things/abominations/idols", "*ʾāhŏbām*": "their love/their lover/what they loved" } }

{ "verseID": "Hosea.9.11", "source": "אֶפְרַ֕יִם כָּע֖וֹף יִתְעוֹפֵ֣ף כְּבוֹדָ֑ם מִלֵּדָ֥ה וּמִבֶּ֖טֶן וּמֵהֵרָיֽוֹן׃", "text": "*ʾEprayim* like-the-*ʿôp* *yitʿôpēp* *kebôdām* from-*lēdāh* and-from-*beṭen* and-from-*hērāyôn*.", "grammar": { "*ʾEprayim*": "proper noun - 'Ephraim' (northern kingdom)", "*ʿôp*": "masculine singular noun - 'bird/fowl'", "*yitʿôpēp*": "hithpael imperfect 3rd masculine singular - 'will fly away'", "*kebôdām*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - 'their glory'", "*lēdāh*": "feminine singular noun - 'birth/childbirth'", "*beṭen*": "masculine singular noun - 'womb/belly'", "*hērāyôn*": "masculine singular noun - 'conception/pregnancy'" }, "variants": { "*ʿôp*": "bird/fowl/flying creature", "*yitʿôpēp*": "will fly away/will flutter away/will vanish", "*kebôdām*": "their glory/their honor/their abundance", "*lēdāh*": "birth/childbirth/delivery", "*beṭen*": "womb/belly/pregnancy", "*hērāyôn*": "conception/pregnancy" } }

{ "verseID": "Hosea.9.12", "source": "כִּ֤י אִם־יְגַדְּלוּ֙ אֶת־בְּנֵיהֶ֔ם וְשִׁכַּלְתִּ֖ים מֵֽאָדָ֑ם כִּֽי־גַם־א֥וֹי לָהֶ֖ם בְּשׂוּרִ֥י מֵהֶֽם׃", "text": "Because if-*yegaddelû* *ʾet*-*benêhem* and-*wešikkaltîm* from-*ʾādām*; because-also-*ʾôy* to-them when-*sûrî* from-them.", "grammar": { "*yegaddelû*": "piel imperfect 3rd masculine plural - 'they bring up/rear'", "*benêhem*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - 'their sons'", "*wešikkaltîm*": "piel perfect 1st singular with vav consecutive and 3rd masculine plural suffix - 'I will bereave them'", "*ʾādām*": "masculine singular noun - 'man/mankind'", "*ʾôy*": "interjection - 'woe!'", "*sûrî*": "qal infinitive construct with 1st singular suffix - 'my turning away'" }, "variants": { "*yegaddelû*": "they bring up/they rear/they raise", "*wešikkaltîm*": "I will bereave them/I will make them childless", "*ʾādām*": "man/mankind/humanity", "*ʾôy*": "woe/alas/disaster", "*sûrî*": "my turning away/my departing/when I depart" } }

{ "verseID": "Hosea.9.13", "source": "אֶפְרַ֛יִם כַּאֲשֶׁר־רָאִ֥יתִי לְצ֖וֹר שְׁתוּלָ֣ה בְנָוֶ֑ה וְאֶפְרַ֕יִם לְהוֹצִ֥יא אֶל־הֹרֵ֖ג בָּנָֽיו׃", "text": "*ʾEprayim* as-that-*rāʾîtî* to-*ṣôr* *šetûlāh* in-*nāweh*; and-*ʾeprayim* to-*hôṣîʾ* to-*hōrēg* *bānāyw*.", "grammar": { "*ʾEprayim*": "proper noun - 'Ephraim' (northern kingdom)", "*rāʾîtî*": "qal perfect 1st singular - 'I saw/have seen'", "*ṣôr*": "proper noun - 'Tyre'", "*šetûlāh*": "qal passive participle feminine singular - 'planted'", "*nāweh*": "masculine singular noun - 'pasture/meadow/habitation'", "*hôṣîʾ*": "hifil infinitive construct - 'to bring out'", "*hōrēg*": "qal participle masculine singular - 'killer/slayer'", "*bānāyw*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - 'his sons'" }, "variants": { "*ṣôr*": "Tyre (or possibly 'a rock/rocky place')", "*šetûlāh*": "planted/established/set", "*nāweh*": "pasture/meadow/habitation/pleasant place", "*hôṣîʾ*": "to bring out/to lead out", "*hōrēg*": "killer/slayer/murderer" } }

{ "verseID": "Hosea.9.14", "source": "תֵּן־לָהֶ֥ם יְהוָ֖ה מַה־תִּתֵּ֑ן תֵּן־לָהֶם֙ רֶ֣חֶם מַשְׁכִּ֔יל וְשָׁדַ֖יִם צֹמְקִֽים׃", "text": "Give-to-them *YHWH* what-*tittēn*; give-to-them *reḥem* *maškîl* and-*šādayim* *ṣōmeqîm*.", "grammar": { "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*tittēn*": "qal imperfect 2nd masculine singular - 'you will give'", "*reḥem*": "masculine singular noun - 'womb'", "*maškîl*": "hifil participle masculine singular - 'causing miscarriage'", "*šādayim*": "masculine dual noun - 'breasts'", "*ṣōmeqîm*": "qal participle masculine plural - 'dried up/shriveled'" }, "variants": { "*tittēn*": "you will give/you should give", "*reḥem* *maškîl*": "miscarrying womb/barren womb", "*šādayim* *ṣōmeqîm*": "dried up breasts/shriveled breasts" } }

{ "verseID": "Hosea.9.15", "source": "כָּל־רָעָתָ֤ם בַּגִּלְגָּל֙ כִּֽי־שָׁ֣ם שְׂנֵאתִ֔ים עַ֚ל רֹ֣עַ מַֽעַלְלֵיהֶ֔ם מִבֵּיתִ֖י אֲגָרְשֵׁ֑ם לֹ֤א אוֹסֵף֙ אַהֲבָתָ֔ם כָּל־שָׂרֵיהֶ֖ם סֹרְרִֽים׃", "text": "All-*rāʿātām* in-the-*gilgāl* because-there *śenēʾtîm* because-of *rōaʿ* *maʿalělêhem* from-*bêtî* *ʾăgārešēm*; not *ʾôsēp* *ʾahăbātām*, all-*śārêhem* *sōrerîm*.", "grammar": { "*rāʿātām*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - 'their evil/wickedness'", "*gilgāl*": "proper noun with definite article - 'the Gilgal'", "*śenēʾtîm*": "qal perfect 1st singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix - 'I hated them'", "*rōaʿ*": "masculine singular construct - 'evil of'", "*maʿalělêhem*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - 'their deeds'", "*bêtî*": "masculine singular noun with 1st singular suffix - 'my house'", "*ʾăgārešēm*": "piel imperfect 1st singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix - 'I will drive them out'", "*ʾôsēp*": "hifil imperfect 1st singular - 'I will continue'", "*ʾahăbātām*": "qal infinitive construct with 3rd masculine plural suffix - 'to love them'", "*śārêhem*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - 'their princes'", "*sōrerîm*": "qal participle masculine plural - 'rebellious/stubborn'" }, "variants": { "*rāʿātām*": "their evil/their wickedness/their calamity", "*gilgāl*": "place of idolatrous worship", "*śenēʾtîm*": "I hated them/I rejected them", "*rōaʿ* *maʿalělêhem*": "evil of their deeds/wickedness of their actions", "*ʾăgārešēm*": "I will drive them out/I will expel them", "*ʾôsēp* *ʾahăbātām*": "I will continue to love them/I will love them again", "*śārêhem* *sōrerîm*": "their princes are rebellious/their leaders are defiant" } }

{ "verseID": "Hosea.9.16", "source": "הֻכָּ֣ה אֶפְרַ֔יִם שָׁרְשָׁ֥ם יָבֵ֖שׁ פְּרִ֣י *בלי־**בַֽל־יַעֲשׂ֑וּן גַּ֚ם כִּ֣י יֵֽלֵד֔וּן וְהֵמַתִּ֖י מַחֲמַדֵּ֥י בִטְנָֽם׃", "text": "*Hukkāh* *ʾeprayim*, *šoršām* *yābēš*, *perî* not-*yaʿăśûn*; even if *yēlēdûn*, and-*hēmattî* *maḥămaddê* *biṭnām*.", "grammar": { "*Hukkāh*": "hofal perfect 3rd masculine singular - 'was smitten/struck'", "*ʾeprayim*": "proper noun - 'Ephraim' (northern kingdom)", "*šoršām*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - 'their root'", "*yābēš*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - 'is dried up'", "*perî*": "masculine singular noun - 'fruit'", "*yaʿăśûn*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural with paragogic nun - 'they will yield/produce'", "*yēlēdûn*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural with paragogic nun - 'they give birth'", "*hēmattî*": "hifil perfect 1st singular - 'I will kill'", "*maḥămaddê*": "masculine plural construct - 'desired ones of'", "*biṭnām*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - 'their womb/body'" }, "variants": { "*Hukkāh*": "was smitten/was struck/is blighted", "*šoršām* *yābēš*": "their root is dried up/their root is withered", "*perî* *yaʿăśûn*": "they will yield fruit/they will produce fruit", "*yēlēdûn*": "they give birth/they bear children", "*hēmattî*": "I will kill/I will slay/I will put to death", "*maḥămaddê* *biṭnām*": "desired ones of their womb/beloved offspring/precious children" } }

{ "verseID": "Hosea.9.17", "source": "יִמְאָסֵ֣ם אֱלֹהַ֔י כִּ֛י לֹ֥א שָׁמְע֖וּ ל֑וֹ וְיִהְי֥וּ נֹדְדִ֖ים בַּגּוֹיִֽם׃", "text": "*Yimʾāsēm* *ʾĕlōhay* because not *šāmeʿû* to-him, and-*yihyû* *nōdedîm* among-the-*gôyim*.", "grammar": { "*Yimʾāsēm*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix - 'he will reject them'", "*ʾĕlōhay*": "masculine plural noun with 1st singular suffix - 'my God'", "*šāmeʿû*": "qal perfect 3rd common plural - 'they listened/obeyed'", "*yihyû*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - 'they will be'", "*nōdedîm*": "qal participle masculine plural - 'wanderers'", "*gôyim*": "masculine plural noun with definite article - 'the nations'" }, "variants": { "*Yimʾāsēm*": "he will reject them/he will cast them away/he will despise them", "*šāmeʿû*": "they listened/they obeyed/they hearkened", "*nōdedîm*": "wanderers/fugitives/homeless ones", "*gôyim*": "nations/gentiles/peoples" } }