{
"verseID": "Isaiah.1.4",
"source": "ה֣וֹי ׀ גּ֣וֹי חֹטֵ֗א עַ֚ם כֶּ֣בֶד עָוֺ֔ן זֶ֣רַע מְרֵעִ֔ים בָּנִ֖ים מַשְׁחִיתִ֑ים עָזְב֣וּ אֶת־יְהוָ֗ה נִֽאֲצ֛וּ אֶת־קְד֥וֹשׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל נָזֹ֥רוּ אָחֽוֹר׃",
"text": "*hôy* *gôy* *ḥōṭēʾ* *'am* *kebed* *'āwōn* *zera'* *mᵉrē'îm* *bānîm* *mašḥîtîm* *'āzᵊbû* *ʾet*-*YHWH* *niʾăṣû* *ʾet*-*qᵉdôš* *yiśrāʾēl* *nāzōrû* *ʾāḥôr*",
"grammar": {
"*hôy*": "interjection - woe/alas",
"*gôy*": "noun, masculine singular - nation",
"*ḥōṭēʾ*": "participle, qal active, masculine singular - sinning",
"*'am*": "noun, masculine singular - people",
"*kebed*": "adjective, masculine singular construct - heavy with/laden with",
"*'āwōn*": "noun, masculine singular - iniquity",
"*zera'*": "noun, masculine singular construct - seed/offspring of",
"*mᵉrē'îm*": "participle, hifil active, masculine plural - evildoers",
"*bānîm*": "noun, masculine plural - children/sons",
"*mašḥîtîm*": "participle, hifil active, masculine plural - corrupting/destroying",
"*'āzᵊbû*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd person plural - they have forsaken",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh",
"*niʾăṣû*": "verb, piel perfect, 3rd person plural - they have spurned/despised",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*qᵉdôš*": "adjective, masculine singular construct - Holy One of",
"*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*nāzōrû*": "verb, nifal perfect, 3rd person plural - they have turned away",
"*ʾāḥôr*": "adverb - backward"
},
"variants": {
"*hôy*": "woe/alas/ah",
"*ḥōṭēʾ*": "sinning/sinful/offending",
"*kebed*": "heavy with/laden with/weighed down by",
"*mᵉrē'îm*": "evildoers/those who do evil/wicked ones",
"*mašḥîtîm*": "corrupting/destroying/acting corruptly",
"*'āzᵊbû*": "forsaken/abandoned/left",
"*niʾăṣû*": "spurned/despised/rejected/blasphemed",
"*nāzōrû*": "turned away/estranged/alienated"
}
}