{ "verseID": "Isaiah.5.1", "source": "אָשִׁ֤ירָה נָּא֙ לִֽידִידִ֔י שִׁירַ֥ת דּוֹדִ֖י לְכַרְמ֑וֹ כֶּ֛רֶם הָיָ֥ה לִֽידִידִ֖י בְּקֶ֥רֶן בֶּן־שָֽׁמֶן׃", "text": "I will *ʾāšîrâ* *nāʾ* for my *yədîdî* a *šîrat* of my *dôdî* for his *kerem*; a *kerem* *hāyâ* for my *yədîdî* in a *qeren ben-šāmen*.", "grammar": { "*ʾāšîrâ*": "qal imperfect 1st person singular with cohortative - I will sing", "*nāʾ*": "particle of entreaty - please/now", "*yədîdî*": "masculine singular noun with 1st person singular possessive suffix - my beloved", "*šîrat*": "feminine singular construct - song of", "*dôdî*": "masculine singular noun with 1st person singular possessive suffix - my beloved/my love", "*kerem*": "masculine singular noun - vineyard", "*hāyâ*": "qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - was/existed", "*qeren*": "construct state - horn/hill", "*ben-šāmen*": "construct phrase - son of fatness/fertility" }, "variants": { "*yədîdî*": "beloved/dear one/friend", "*dôdî*": "beloved/love/uncle", "*qeren*": "horn/hill/power", "*ben-šāmen*": "fertile hill/rich soil/son of oil" } }

{ "verseID": "Isaiah.5.2", "source": "וַֽיְעַזְּקֵ֣הוּ וַֽיְסַקְּלֵ֗הוּ וַיִּטָּעֵ֙הוּ֙ שֹׂרֵ֔ק וַיִּ֤בֶן מִגְדָּל֙ בְּתוֹכ֔וֹ וְגַם־יֶ֖קֶב חָצֵ֣ב בּ֑וֹ וַיְקַ֛ו לַעֲשׂ֥וֹת עֲנָבִ֖ים וַיַּ֥עַשׂ בְּאֻשִֽׁים׃", "text": "And *wə*-he *yaʿazzəqēhû* and *wə*-he *yəsaqqəlēhû* and he *yiṭṭāʿēhû* *śōrēq* and he *yiben* a *migdāl* in *bətôkô* and *wə*-also a *yeqeb* he *ḥāṣēb* in it; and he *yəqaw* for it to *laʿăśôt* *ʿănābîm* but it *yaʿaś* *bəʾušîm*.", "grammar": { "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*yaʿazzəqēhû*": "piel imperfect 3rd person masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - he dug it up", "*yəsaqqəlēhû*": "piel imperfect 3rd person masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - he cleared it of stones", "*yiṭṭāʿēhû*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - he planted it", "*śōrēq*": "masculine singular noun - choice vine/red grapes", "*yiben*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - he built", "*migdāl*": "masculine singular noun - tower", "*bətôkô*": "preposition with masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - in its midst", "*yeqeb*": "masculine singular noun - wine vat", "*ḥāṣēb*": "qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - he hewed/carved out", "*yəqaw*": "piel imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - he expected/waited", "*laʿăśôt*": "qal infinitive construct with preposition - to produce/make", "*ʿănābîm*": "masculine plural noun - grapes", "*yaʿaś*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - it produced", "*bəʾušîm*": "masculine plural noun - wild/sour grapes" }, "variants": { "*yaʿazzəqēhû*": "dug it up/hoed it/tilled it", "*śōrēq*": "choice vine/red grapes/best variety", "*bəʾušîm*": "wild grapes/stinking things/worthless fruit" } }

{ "verseID": "Isaiah.5.3", "source": "וְעַתָּ֛ה יוֹשֵׁ֥ב יְרוּשָׁלַ֖͏ִם וְאִ֣ישׁ יְהוּדָ֑ה שִׁפְטוּ־נָ֕א בֵּינִ֖י וּבֵ֥ין כַּרְמִֽי׃", "text": "And *wə*-now *yôšēb* *yərûšālaim* and *wə*-*ʾîš* *yəhûdâ*, *šipṭû-nāʾ* between me and between my *karmî*.", "grammar": { "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*yôšēb*": "qal participle masculine singular construct - inhabitant of/dweller in", "*yərûšālaim*": "proper noun - Jerusalem", "*ʾîš*": "masculine singular noun construct - man of", "*yəhûdâ*": "proper noun - Judah", "*šipṭû*": "qal imperative masculine plural - judge", "*nāʾ*": "particle of entreaty - please", "*karmî*": "masculine singular noun with 1st person singular suffix - my vineyard" }, "variants": { "*yôšēb*": "inhabitant/dweller/resident", "*ʾîš*": "man/person/each one" } }

{ "verseID": "Isaiah.5.4", "source": "מַה־לַּעֲשׂ֥וֹת עוֹד֙ לְכַרְמִ֔י וְלֹ֥א עָשִׂ֖יתִי בּ֑וֹ מַדּ֧וּעַ קִוֵּ֛יתִי לַעֲשׂ֥וֹת עֲנָבִ֖ים וַיַּ֥עַשׂ בְּאֻשִֽׁים׃", "text": "What *mah*-more *laʿăśôt* for my *karmî* that I have not *ʿāśîtî* in it? Why *madûaʿ* did I *qiwwêtî* it *laʿăśôt* *ʿănābîm* but it *yaʿaś* *bəʾušîm*?", "grammar": { "*mah*": "interrogative - what", "*laʿăśôt*": "qal infinitive construct with preposition - to do", "*karmî*": "masculine singular noun with 1st person singular suffix - my vineyard", "*ʿāśîtî*": "qal perfect 1st person singular - I did/have done", "*madûaʿ*": "interrogative - why", "*qiwwêtî*": "piel perfect 1st person singular - I expected/waited for", "*laʿăśôt*": "qal infinitive construct with preposition - to produce", "*ʿănābîm*": "masculine plural noun - grapes", "*yaʿaś*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - it produced", "*bəʾušîm*": "masculine plural noun - wild/sour grapes" }, "variants": { "*qiwwêtî*": "expected/hoped/waited for", "*bəʾušîm*": "wild grapes/stinking things/worthless fruit" } }

{ "verseID": "Isaiah.5.5", "source": "וְעַתָּה֙ אוֹדִֽיעָה־נָּ֣א אֶתְכֶ֔ם אֵ֛ת אֲשֶׁר־אֲנִ֥י עֹשֶׂ֖ה לְכַרְמִ֑י הָסֵ֤ר מְשׂוּכָּתוֹ֙ וְהָיָ֣ה לְבָעֵ֔ר פָּרֹ֥ץ גְּדֵר֖וֹ וְהָיָ֥ה לְמִרְמָֽס׃", "text": "And *wə*-now I will *ʾôdîʿâ-nāʾ* you *ʾet* what *ʾăšer*-I am *ʿōśeh* to my *karmî*: *hāsēr* its *məśûkkātô* and it shall *wəhāyâ* for *ləbāʿēr*, *pārōṣ* its *gədērô* and it shall *wəhāyâ* for *ləmirmās*.", "grammar": { "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*ʾôdîʿâ*": "hiphil imperfect 1st person singular cohortative - I will make known", "*nāʾ*": "particle of entreaty - please", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that", "*ʿōśeh*": "qal participle masculine singular - doing/going to do", "*karmî*": "masculine singular noun with 1st person singular suffix - my vineyard", "*hāsēr*": "hiphil infinitive absolute - removing", "*məśûkkātô*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - its hedge", "*wəhāyâ*": "qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular with vav consecutive - and it will be", "*ləbāʿēr*": "preposition with piel infinitive construct - for burning/consuming", "*pārōṣ*": "qal infinitive absolute - breaking down", "*gədērô*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - its wall", "*ləmirmās*": "preposition with masculine singular noun - for trampling" }, "variants": { "*məśûkkātô*": "hedge/fence/protection", "*ləbāʿēr*": "burning/consuming/destruction", "*gədērô*": "wall/fence/boundary", "*ləmirmās*": "trampling/treading place" } }

{ "verseID": "Isaiah.5.6", "source": "וַאֲשִׁיתֵ֣הוּ בָתָ֗ה לֹ֤א יִזָּמֵר֙ וְלֹ֣א יֵעָדֵ֔ר וְעָלָ֥ה שָׁמִ֖יר וָשָׁ֑יִת וְעַ֤ל הֶעָבִים֙ אֲצַוֶּ֔ה מֵהַמְטִ֥יר עָלָ֖יו מָטָֽר׃", "text": "And I will *waʾăšîtēhû* *bātâ*, it shall not *yizzāmēr* and shall not *yēʿādēr*, and *wəʿālâ* *šāmîr* and *wāšāyit*; and upon the *heʿābîm* I will *ʾăṣawweh* from *mēhamṭîr* upon it *māṭār*.", "grammar": { "*waʾăšîtēhû*": "qal imperfect 1st person singular with vav consecutive and 3rd person masculine singular suffix - and I will make it", "*bātâ*": "feminine singular noun - waste/desolation", "*yizzāmēr*": "niphal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - it will be pruned", "*yēʿādēr*": "niphal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - it will be hoed/tilled", "*wəʿālâ*": "qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular with vav consecutive - and will come up", "*šāmîr*": "masculine singular noun - thorns/briars", "*wāšāyit*": "conjunction with masculine singular noun - and thistles/weeds", "*heʿābîm*": "definite article with masculine plural noun - the clouds", "*ʾăṣawweh*": "piel imperfect 1st person singular - I will command", "*mēhamṭîr*": "hiphil infinitive construct with preposition - from raining", "*māṭār*": "masculine singular noun - rain" }, "variants": { "*bātâ*": "waste/desolation/ruin", "*šāmîr*": "thorns/briars/brambles", "*šāyit*": "thistles/weeds/thorny plants" } }

{ "verseID": "Isaiah.5.7", "source": "כִּ֣י כֶ֜רֶם יְהוָ֤ה צְבָאוֹת֙ בֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְאִ֣ישׁ יְהוּדָ֔ה נְטַ֖ע שַׁעֲשׁוּעָ֑יו וַיְקַ֤ו לְמִשְׁפָּט֙ וְהִנֵּ֣ה מִשְׂפָּ֔ח לִצְדָקָ֖ה וְהִנֵּ֥ה צְעָקָֽה׃", "text": "For *kî* the *kerem* of *YHWH* *ṣəbāʾôt* is *bêt* *yiśrāʾēl*, and *wə*-*ʾîš* *yəhûdâ* is the *neṭaʿ* of his *šaʿăšûʿāyw*; and he *wayəqaw* for *mišpāṭ* but *wəhinnēh* *miśpāḥ*, for *ṣədāqâ* but *wəhinnēh* *ṣəʿāqâ*.", "grammar": { "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*kerem*": "masculine singular construct - vineyard of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD", "*ṣəbāʾôt*": "masculine plural noun - hosts/armies", "*bêt*": "masculine singular construct - house of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*ʾîš*": "masculine singular construct - men of", "*yəhûdâ*": "proper noun - Judah", "*neṭaʿ*": "masculine singular construct - planting of", "*šaʿăšûʿāyw*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his delight", "*wayəqaw*": "piel imperfect 3rd person masculine singular with vav consecutive - and he looked for", "*mišpāṭ*": "masculine singular noun - justice", "*wəhinnēh*": "conjunction with demonstrative particle - but behold", "*miśpāḥ*": "masculine singular noun - bloodshed/oppression", "*ṣədāqâ*": "feminine singular noun - righteousness", "*ṣəʿāqâ*": "feminine singular noun - cry/outcry" }, "variants": { "*ṣəbāʾôt*": "hosts/armies/celestial bodies", "*neṭaʿ*": "planting/plant/plantation", "*šaʿăšûʿāyw*": "delight/pleasure/joy", "*miśpāḥ*": "bloodshed/oppression/injustice", "*ṣəʿāqâ*": "cry/outcry/distress" } }

{ "verseID": "Isaiah.5.8", "source": "ה֗וֹי מַגִּיעֵ֥י בַ֙יִת֙ בְּבַ֔יִת שָׂדֶ֥ה בְשָׂדֶ֖ה יַקְרִ֑יבוּ עַ֚ד אֶ֣פֶס מָק֔וֹם וְהֽוּשַׁבְתֶּ֥ם לְבַדְּכֶ֖ם בְּקֶ֥רֶב הָאָֽרֶץ׃", "text": "*hôy* those who *maggîʿê* *bayit* to *bəbayit*, *śādeh* to *bəśādeh* *yaqrîbû*; until *ʿad* *ʾepes* *māqôm* and *wə*-you are *hûšabttem* *ləbaddəkem* in the *bəqereb* of the *hāʾāreṣ*.", "grammar": { "*hôy*": "interjection - woe", "*maggîʿê*": "hiphil participle masculine plural construct - joining/touching", "*bayit*": "masculine singular noun - house", "*bəbayit*": "preposition with masculine singular noun - to house", "*śādeh*": "masculine singular noun - field", "*bəśādeh*": "preposition with masculine singular noun - to field", "*yaqrîbû*": "hiphil imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - they bring near/join", "*ʿad*": "preposition - until", "*ʾepes*": "masculine singular construct - end of/no more", "*māqôm*": "masculine singular noun - place/space", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*hûšabttem*": "hophal perfect 2nd person masculine plural - you are made to dwell", "*ləbaddəkem*": "preposition with noun with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - by yourselves", "*bəqereb*": "preposition with masculine singular construct - in the midst of", "*hāʾāreṣ*": "definite article with feminine singular noun - the land" }, "variants": { "*maggîʿê*": "joining/causing to touch/bringing together", "*ʾepes*": "end/extremity/ceasing", "*māqôm*": "place/space/room", "*bəqereb*": "midst/middle/interior" } }

{ "verseID": "Isaiah.5.9", "source": "בְּאָזְנָ֖י יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֑וֹת אִם־לֹ֞א בָּתִּ֤ים רַבִּים֙ לְשַׁמָּ֣ה יִֽהְי֔וּ גְּדֹלִ֥ים וְטוֹבִ֖ים מֵאֵ֥ין יוֹשֵֽׁב׃", "text": "In *bəʾoznāy* *YHWH* *ṣəbāʾôt*, surely if not [oath formula] *bāttîm* *rabbîm* for *ləšammâ* *yihyû*, *gədōlîm* and *wə*-*ṭôbîm* from *mēʾên* *yôšēb*.", "grammar": { "*bəʾoznāy*": "preposition with feminine dual noun construct - in the ears of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD", "*ṣəbāʾôt*": "masculine plural noun - hosts/armies", "*ʾim-lōʾ*": "conditional negative particle - if not [oath formula]", "*bāttîm*": "masculine plural noun - houses", "*rabbîm*": "masculine plural adjective - many", "*ləšammâ*": "preposition with feminine singular noun - for desolation", "*yihyû*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - they will become", "*gədōlîm*": "masculine plural adjective - large/great", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*ṭôbîm*": "masculine plural adjective - good/fine", "*mēʾên*": "preposition with construct particle - from there being no", "*yôšēb*": "qal participle masculine singular - inhabitant/dweller" }, "variants": { "*ṣəbāʾôt*": "hosts/armies/celestial bodies", "*ləšammâ*": "desolation/horror/waste", "*yôšēb*": "inhabitant/dweller/resident" } }

{ "verseID": "Isaiah.5.10", "source": "כִּ֗י עֲשֶׂ֙רֶת֙ צִמְדֵּי־כֶ֔רֶם יַעֲשׂ֖וּ בַּ֣ת אֶחָ֑ת וְזֶ֥רַע חֹ֖מֶר יַעֲשֶׂ֥ה אֵיפָֽה׃", "text": "For *kî* ten *ʿăśeret* *ṣimdê*-*kerem* shall *yaʿăśû* one *bat* *ʾeḥāt*, and a *zeraʿ* *ḥōmer* shall *yaʿăśeh* an *ʾêpâ*.", "grammar": { "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*ʿăśeret*": "feminine numeral construct - ten", "*ṣimdê*": "masculine plural construct - yokes of", "*kerem*": "masculine singular noun - vineyard", "*yaʿăśû*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - they will produce", "*bat*": "feminine singular noun - bath [liquid measure]", "*ʾeḥāt*": "feminine singular numeral - one", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*zeraʿ*": "masculine singular construct - seed of", "*ḥōmer*": "masculine singular noun - homer [dry measure]", "*yaʿăśeh*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - it will yield", "*ʾêpâ*": "feminine singular noun - ephah [dry measure]" }, "variants": { "*ṣimdê*": "yokes/pairs/acres", "*bat*": "bath [approx. 22 liters]", "*ḥōmer*": "homer [approx. 220 liters]", "*ʾêpâ*": "ephah [approx. 22 liters, 1/10 of a homer]" } }

{ "verseID": "Isaiah.5.11", "source": "ה֛וֹי מַשְׁכִּימֵ֥י בַבֹּ֖קֶר שֵׁכָ֣ר יִרְדֹּ֑פוּ מְאַחֲרֵ֣י בַנֶּ֔שֶׁף יַ֖יִן יַדְלִיקֵֽם׃", "text": "*hôy* those who *maškîmê* in the *babbōqer* *šēkār* *yirdōpû*, those who *məʾaḥărê* until the *bannešep* *yayin* *yadlîqēm*.", "grammar": { "*hôy*": "interjection - woe", "*maškîmê*": "hiphil participle masculine plural construct - rising early", "*babbōqer*": "definite article with preposition with masculine singular noun - in the morning", "*šēkār*": "masculine singular noun - strong drink", "*yirdōpû*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - they pursue", "*məʾaḥărê*": "piel participle masculine plural construct - delaying/tarrying", "*bannešep*": "definite article with preposition with masculine singular noun - in the twilight/evening", "*yayin*": "masculine singular noun - wine", "*yadlîqēm*": "hiphil imperfect 3rd person masculine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - inflames them" }, "variants": { "*maškîmê*": "rising early/doing early in the morning", "*šēkār*": "strong drink/intoxicating beverage", "*məʾaḥărê*": "delaying/tarrying/staying late", "*bannešep*": "twilight/evening/dusk", "*yadlîqēm*": "inflames/burns/kindles them" } }

{ "verseID": "Isaiah.5.12", "source": "וְהָיָ֨ה כִנּ֜וֹר וָנֶ֗בֶל תֹּ֧ף וְחָלִ֛יל וָיַ֖יִן מִשְׁתֵּיהֶ֑ם וְאֵ֨ת פֹּ֤עַל יְהוָה֙ לֹ֣א יַבִּ֔יטוּ וּמַעֲשֵׂ֥ה יָדָ֖יו לֹ֥א רָאֽוּ׃", "text": "And *wə*-there has *wəhāyâ* *kinnôr* and *wā*-*nebel*, *tōp* and *wə*-*ḥālîl* and *wā*-*yayin* at their *mištêhem*; but the *wəʾēt* *pōʿal* of *YHWH* they do not *yabbîṭû*, and the *maʿăśēh* of his *yādāyw* they have not *rāʾû*.", "grammar": { "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*wəhāyâ*": "qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular with vav consecutive - and there is", "*kinnôr*": "masculine singular noun - lyre/harp", "*wā*": "conjunction - and", "*nebel*": "masculine singular noun - harp/lute", "*tōp*": "masculine singular noun - tambourine/timbrel", "*ḥālîl*": "masculine singular noun - pipe/flute", "*yayin*": "masculine singular noun - wine", "*mištêhem*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their feasts", "*wəʾēt*": "conjunction with direct object marker", "*pōʿal*": "masculine singular construct - work of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD", "*yabbîṭû*": "hiphil imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - they regard/consider", "*maʿăśēh*": "masculine singular construct - work of", "*yādāyw*": "feminine dual noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his hands", "*rāʾû*": "qal perfect 3rd person common plural - they have seen" }, "variants": { "*kinnôr*": "lyre/harp/stringed instrument", "*nebel*": "harp/lute/stringed instrument", "*tōp*": "tambourine/timbrel/drum", "*ḥālîl*": "pipe/flute/wind instrument", "*mištêhem*": "feasts/banquets/drinking parties", "*pōʿal*": "work/deed/action", "*yabbîṭû*": "regard/consider/look at" } }

{ "verseID": "Isaiah.5.13", "source": "לָכֵ֛ן גָּלָ֥ה עַמִּ֖י מִבְּלִי־דָ֑עַת וּכְבוֹדוֹ֙ מְתֵ֣י רָעָ֔ב וַהֲמוֹנ֖וֹ צִחֵ֥ה צָמָֽא׃", "text": "Therefore *lākēn* *gālâ* my *ʿammî* from *mibblî*-*dāʿat*, and its *ûkəbôdô* are *mətê* *rāʿāb*, and its *wahămônô* *ṣiḥēh* *ṣāmāʾ*.", "grammar": { "*lākēn*": "adverb - therefore", "*gālâ*": "qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - has gone into exile", "*ʿammî*": "masculine singular noun with 1st person singular suffix - my people", "*mibblî*": "preposition with negative particle - from lack of", "*dāʿat*": "feminine singular noun - knowledge", "*ûkəbôdô*": "conjunction with masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - and its honorable men", "*mətê*": "masculine plural construct - men of", "*rāʿāb*": "masculine singular noun - hunger/famine", "*wahămônô*": "conjunction with masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - and its multitude", "*ṣiḥēh*": "masculine singular adjective - parched", "*ṣāmāʾ*": "masculine singular noun - thirst" }, "variants": { "*gālâ*": "gone into exile/been deported/removed", "*mibblî*": "from lack of/without/because of no", "*kəbôdô*": "its honorable men/its nobility/its glory", "*mətê*": "men of/people of/dying of", "*hămônô*": "its multitude/its crowd/its tumult", "*ṣiḥēh*": "parched/dried up/scorched" } }

{ "verseID": "Isaiah.5.14", "source": "לָכֵ֗ן הִרְחִ֤יבָה שְּׁאוֹל֙ נַפְשָׁ֔הּ וּפָעֲרָ֥ה פִ֖יהָ לִבְלִי־חֹ֑ק וְיָרַ֨ד הֲדָרָ֧הּ וַהֲמוֹנָ֛הּ וּשְׁאוֹנָ֖הּ וְעָלֵ֥ז בָּֽהּ׃", "text": "Therefore *lākēn* *šəʾôl* has *hirḥîbâ* its *napšāhּ* and *ûpāʿărâ* its *pîhā* without *liblî*-*ḥōq*; and *wəyārad* into it her *hădārāhּ* and her *wahămônāhּ* and her *ûšəʾônāhּ* and *wəʿālēz* in it.", "grammar": { "*lākēn*": "adverb - therefore", "*šəʾôl*": "proper noun, feminine - Sheol", "*hirḥîbâ*": "hiphil perfect 3rd person feminine singular - has enlarged", "*napšāhּ*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - its throat/desire", "*ûpāʿărâ*": "conjunction with qal perfect 3rd person feminine singular - and opened wide", "*pîhā*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - its mouth", "*liblî*": "preposition with negative particle - without", "*ḥōq*": "masculine singular noun - limit/measure", "*wəyārad*": "conjunction with qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - and goes down", "*hădārāhּ*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - her splendor", "*wahămônāhּ*": "conjunction with masculine singular noun with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - and her multitude", "*ûšəʾônāhּ*": "conjunction with masculine singular noun with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - and her uproar", "*wəʿālēz*": "conjunction with adjective masculine singular - and one who rejoices" }, "variants": { "*šəʾôl*": "Sheol/underworld/grave", "*napšāhּ*": "throat/desire/appetite", "*ḥōq*": "limit/measure/boundary", "*hădārāhּ*": "splendor/majesty/glory", "*hămônāhּ*": "multitude/abundance/crowd", "*šəʾônāhּ*": "uproar/tumult/noise", "*ʿālēz*": "one who rejoices/exults/is jubilant" } }

{ "verseID": "Isaiah.5.15", "source": "וַיִּשַּׁ֥ח אָדָ֖ם וַיִּשְׁפַּל־אִ֑ישׁ וְעֵינֵ֥י גְבֹהִ֖ים תִּשְׁפַּֽלְנָה׃", "text": "And *wayyiššaḥ* *ʾādām* and *wayyišpal*-*ʾîš*, and the *wəʿênê* of the *gəbōhîm* *tišpalnâ*.", "grammar": { "*wayyiššaḥ*": "niphal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular with vav consecutive - and is bowed down", "*ʾādām*": "masculine singular noun - man/mankind", "*wayyišpal*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular with vav consecutive - and is brought low", "*ʾîš*": "masculine singular noun - man/each one", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*ʿênê*": "feminine dual construct - eyes of", "*gəbōhîm*": "masculine plural adjective - lofty/proud", "*tišpalnâ*": "qal imperfect 3rd person feminine plural - are humbled" }, "variants": { "*ʾādām*": "man/mankind/humanity", "*ʾîš*": "man/person/each one", "*gəbōhîm*": "lofty/proud/exalted ones" } }

{ "verseID": "Isaiah.5.16", "source": "וַיִּגְבַּ֛ה יְהוָ֥ה צְבָא֖וֹת בַּמִּשְׁפָּ֑ט וְהָאֵל֙ הַקָּד֔וֹשׁ נִקְדָּ֖שׁ בִּצְדָקָֽה׃", "text": "But *wayyigbah* *YHWH* *ṣəbāʾôt* through *bammišpāṭ*, and *wəhāʾēl* the *haqqādôš* is *niqdāš* through *biṣdāqâ*.", "grammar": { "*wayyigbah*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular with vav consecutive - and is exalted", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD", "*ṣəbāʾôt*": "masculine plural noun - hosts/armies", "*bammišpāṭ*": "preposition with definite article with masculine singular noun - through the justice", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*hāʾēl*": "definite article with masculine singular noun - the God", "*haqqādôš*": "definite article with masculine singular adjective - the holy", "*niqdāš*": "niphal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - is sanctified/shown holy", "*biṣdāqâ*": "preposition with feminine singular noun - through righteousness" }, "variants": { "*ṣəbāʾôt*": "hosts/armies/celestial bodies", "*niqdāš*": "sanctified/shown holy/set apart" } }

{ "verseID": "Isaiah.5.17", "source": "וְרָע֥וּ כְבָשִׂ֖ים כְּדָבְרָ֑ם וְחָרְב֥וֹת מֵחִ֖ים גָּרִ֥ים יֹאכֵֽלוּ׃", "text": "Then *wərāʿû* *kəbāśîm* *kədābrām*, and *wəḥārbôt* *mēḥîm* *gārîm* *yōʾkēlû*.", "grammar": { "*wərāʿû*": "conjunction with qal perfect 3rd person common plural - and they will feed", "*kəbāśîm*": "masculine plural noun - lambs", "*kədābrām*": "preposition with masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - according to their pasture", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*ḥārbôt*": "feminine plural construct - ruins of", "*mēḥîm*": "masculine plural noun - fat ones", "*gārîm*": "masculine plural noun - strangers/sojourners", "*yōʾkēlû*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - they will eat" }, "variants": { "*kədābrām*": "according to their pasture/as in their own pasture/as they are led", "*ḥārbôt*": "ruins/waste places/desolate places", "*mēḥîm*": "fat ones/rich ones/fatlings", "*gārîm*": "strangers/sojourners/aliens" } }

{ "verseID": "Isaiah.5.18", "source": "ה֛וֹי מֹשְׁכֵ֥י הֶֽעָוֺ֖ן בְּחַבְלֵ֣י הַשָּׁ֑וְא וְכַעֲב֥וֹת הָעֲגָלָ֖ה חַטָּאָֽה׃", "text": "*hôy* those who *mōškê* the *heʿāwōn* with *bəḥablê* the *haššāwʾ*, and like *wəkaʿăbôt* the *hāʿăgālâ* *ḥaṭṭāʾâ*.", "grammar": { "*hôy*": "interjection - woe", "*mōškê*": "qal participle masculine plural construct - drawing/pulling", "*heʿāwōn*": "definite article with masculine singular noun - the iniquity", "*bəḥablê*": "preposition with masculine plural construct - with cords of", "*haššāwʾ*": "definite article with masculine singular noun - the falsehood/emptiness", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*kaʿăbôt*": "preposition with feminine plural construct - like cart ropes of", "*hāʿăgālâ*": "definite article with feminine singular noun - the cart/wagon", "*ḥaṭṭāʾâ*": "feminine singular noun - sin" }, "variants": { "*mōškê*": "drawing/pulling/dragging", "*ʿāwōn*": "iniquity/guilt/punishment", "*ḥablê*": "cords/ropes/snares", "*šāwʾ*": "falsehood/emptiness/worthlessness", "*ʿăbôt*": "cart ropes/thick cords/wagon traces" } }

{ "verseID": "Isaiah.5.19", "source": "הָאֹמְרִ֗ים יְמַהֵ֧ר ׀ יָחִ֛ישָׁה מַעֲשֵׂ֖הוּ לְמַ֣עַן נִרְאֶ֑ה וְתִקְרַ֣ב וְתָב֗וֹאָה עֲצַ֛ת קְד֥וֹשׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל וְנֵדָֽעָה׃", "text": "Those who *hāʾōmərîm*, \"Let him *yəmahēr* ׀ *yāḥîšâ* his *maʿăśēhû* so that we may *nirʾeh*; and let it *wətiqrab* and *wətābôʾâ*, the *ʿăṣat* of the *qədôš* of *yiśrāʾēl*, that we may *wənēdāʿâ*.\"", "grammar": { "*hāʾōmərîm*": "definite article with qal participle masculine plural - the ones saying", "*yəmahēr*": "piel imperfect 3rd person masculine singular jussive - let him hasten", "*yāḥîšâ*": "hiphil imperfect 3rd person masculine singular cohortative - let him speed", "*maʿăśēhû*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his work", "*ləmaʿan*": "conjunction - so that", "*nirʾeh*": "qal imperfect 1st person common plural - we may see", "*wətiqrab*": "conjunction with qal imperfect 3rd person feminine singular jussive - and let it draw near", "*wətābôʾâ*": "conjunction with qal imperfect 3rd person feminine singular cohortative - and let it come", "*ʿăṣat*": "feminine singular construct - counsel of", "*qədôš*": "masculine singular adjective construct - holy one of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*wənēdāʿâ*": "conjunction with qal imperfect 1st person common plural cohortative - that we may know" }, "variants": { "*yəmahēr*": "hasten/hurry/be quick", "*yāḥîšâ*": "speed/hurry/make haste", "*ʿăṣat*": "counsel/plan/purpose" } }

{ "verseID": "Isaiah.5.20", "source": "ה֣וֹי הָאֹמְרִ֥ים לָרַ֛ע ט֖וֹב וְלַטּ֣וֹב רָ֑ע שָׂמִ֨ים חֹ֤שֶׁךְ לְאוֹר֙ וְא֣וֹר לְחֹ֔שֶׁךְ שָׂמִ֥ים מַ֛ר לְמָת֖וֹק וּמָת֥וֹק לְמָֽר׃", "text": "*hôy* those who *hāʾōmərîm* to the *lāraʿ* \"*ṭôb*\" and to the *wəlaṭṭôb* \"*rāʿ*\"; those *śāmîm* *ḥōšek* for *ləʾôr* and *wəʾôr* for *ləḥōšek*; those *śāmîm* *mar* for *ləmātôq* and *ûmātôq* for *ləmār*.", "grammar": { "*hôy*": "interjection - woe", "*hāʾōmərîm*": "definite article with qal participle masculine plural - those saying", "*lāraʿ*": "preposition with definite article with masculine singular adjective - to the evil", "*ṭôb*": "masculine singular adjective - good", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*laṭṭôb*": "preposition with definite article with masculine singular adjective - to the good", "*rāʿ*": "masculine singular adjective - evil", "*śāmîm*": "qal participle masculine plural - putting/placing", "*ḥōšek*": "masculine singular noun - darkness", "*ləʾôr*": "preposition with masculine singular noun - for light", "*wəʾôr*": "conjunction with masculine singular noun - and light", "*ləḥōšek*": "preposition with masculine singular noun - for darkness", "*mar*": "masculine singular adjective - bitter", "*ləmātôq*": "preposition with masculine singular adjective - for sweet", "*ûmātôq*": "conjunction with masculine singular adjective - and sweet", "*ləmār*": "preposition with masculine singular adjective - for bitter" }, "variants": { "*śāmîm*": "putting/placing/setting" } }

{ "verseID": "Isaiah.5.21", "source": "ה֖וֹי חֲכָמִ֣ים בְּעֵֽינֵיהֶ֑ם וְנֶ֥גֶד פְּנֵיהֶ֖ם נְבֹנִֽים׃", "text": "*hôy* those *ḥăkāmîm* in *bəʿênêhem* and *wəneged* *pənêhem* *nəbōnîm*.", "grammar": { "*hôy*": "interjection - woe", "*ḥăkāmîm*": "masculine plural adjective - wise", "*bəʿênêhem*": "preposition with feminine dual noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - in their own eyes", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*neged*": "preposition - before", "*pənêhem*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their faces", "*nəbōnîm*": "niphal participle masculine plural - understanding/discerning" }, "variants": { "*ḥăkāmîm*": "wise/shrewd/clever", "*nəbōnîm*": "understanding/discerning/prudent" } }

{ "verseID": "Isaiah.5.22", "source": "ה֕וֹי גִּבּוֹרִ֖ים לִשְׁתּ֣וֹת יָ֑יִן וְאַנְשֵׁי־חַ֖יִל לִמְסֹ֥ךְ שֵׁכָֽר׃", "text": "*hôy* the *gibbôrîm* for *lištôt* *yāyin*, and *wəʾanšê*-*ḥayil* for *limsōk* *šēkār*.", "grammar": { "*hôy*": "interjection - woe", "*gibbôrîm*": "masculine plural adjective - mighty men", "*lištôt*": "preposition with qal infinitive construct - for drinking", "*yāyin*": "masculine singular noun - wine", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*ʾanšê*": "masculine plural construct - men of", "*ḥayil*": "masculine singular noun - strength/valor", "*limsōk*": "preposition with qal infinitive construct - for mixing", "*šēkār*": "masculine singular noun - strong drink" }, "variants": { "*gibbôrîm*": "mighty men/heroes/warriors", "*ḥayil*": "strength/valor/ability", "*limsōk*": "mixing/blending/diluting", "*šēkār*": "strong drink/intoxicating beverage" } }

{ "verseID": "Isaiah.5.23", "source": "מַצְדִּיקֵ֥י רָשָׁ֖ע עֵ֣קֶב שֹׁ֑חַד וְצִדְקַ֥ת צַדִּיקִ֖ים יָסִ֥ירוּ מִמֶּֽנּוּ׃", "text": "Those who *maṣdîqê* *rāšāʿ* for *ʿēqeb* *šōḥad*, and the *wəṣidqat* of *ṣaddîqîm* they *yāsîrû* from him.", "grammar": { "*maṣdîqê*": "hiphil participle masculine plural construct - justifying", "*rāšāʿ*": "masculine singular adjective - wicked", "*ʿēqeb*": "masculine singular construct - consequence of/reward of", "*šōḥad*": "masculine singular noun - bribe", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*ṣidqat*": "feminine singular construct - righteousness of", "*ṣaddîqîm*": "masculine plural adjective - righteous ones", "*yāsîrû*": "hiphil imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - they take away", "*mimmenû*": "preposition with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - from him" }, "variants": { "*maṣdîqê*": "justifying/acquitting/declaring righteous", "*ʿēqeb*": "consequence/reward/because", "*šōḥad*": "bribe/gift/reward" } }

{ "verseID": "Isaiah.5.24", "source": "לָכֵן֩ כֶּאֱכֹ֨ל קַ֜שׁ לְשׁ֣וֹן אֵ֗שׁ וַחֲשַׁ֤שׁ לֶֽהָבָה֙ יִרְפֶּ֔ה שָׁרְשָׁם֙ כַּמָּ֣ק יִֽהְיֶ֔ה וּפִרְחָ֖ם כָּאָבָ֣ק יַעֲלֶ֑ה כִּ֣י מָאֲס֗וּ אֵ֚ת תּוֹרַת֙ יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֔וֹת וְאֵ֛ת אִמְרַ֥ת קְדֽוֹשׁ־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל נִאֵֽצוּ׃", "text": "Therefore *lākēn* as *keʾĕkōl* *qaš* by *ləšôn* *ʾēš* and as *waḥăšaš* *lehābâ* *yirpeh*, their *šāršām* shall *yihyeh* like *kammāq*, and their *ûpirḥām* like *kāʾābāq* *yaʿăleh*; for *kî* they have *māʾăsû* *ʾēt* the *tôrat* of *YHWH* *ṣəbāʾôt*, and the *wəʾēt* *ʾimrat* of *qədôš*-*yiśrāʾēl* they have *niʾēṣû*.", "grammar": { "*lākēn*": "adverb - therefore", "*keʾĕkōl*": "preposition with qal infinitive construct - as consuming", "*qaš*": "masculine singular noun - stubble/straw", "*ləšôn*": "masculine singular construct - tongue of", "*ʾēš*": "feminine singular noun - fire", "*waḥăšaš*": "conjunction with masculine singular noun - and dry grass", "*lehābâ*": "feminine singular noun - flame", "*yirpeh*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - collapses/sinks down", "*šāršām*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their root", "*yihyeh*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - will be", "*kammāq*": "preposition with definite article with masculine singular noun - like rot/decay", "*ûpirḥām*": "conjunction with masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - and their blossom", "*kāʾābāq*": "preposition with definite article with masculine singular noun - like dust", "*yaʿăleh*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - will go up", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*māʾăsû*": "qal perfect 3rd person common plural - they have rejected", "*ʾēt*": "direct object marker", "*tôrat*": "feminine singular construct - law/instruction of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD", "*ṣəbāʾôt*": "masculine plural noun - hosts/armies", "*wəʾēt*": "conjunction with direct object marker", "*ʾimrat*": "feminine singular construct - word of", "*qədôš*": "masculine singular adjective construct - holy one of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*niʾēṣû*": "piel perfect 3rd person common plural - they have spurned" }, "variants": { "*qaš*": "stubble/straw/chaff", "*ḥăšaš*": "dry grass/hay/chaff", "*yirpeh*": "collapses/sinks down/withers", "*māq*": "rot/decay/rottenness", "*pirḥām*": "blossom/flower/sprout", "*ʾābāq*": "dust/powder/fine particles", "*māʾăsû*": "rejected/refused/despised", "*tôrat*": "law/instruction/teaching", "*ṣəbāʾôt*": "hosts/armies/celestial bodies", "*niʾēṣû*": "spurned/despised/treated with contempt" } }

{ "verseID": "Isaiah.5.25", "source": "עַל־כֵּ֡ן חָרָה֩ אַף־יְהוָ֨ה בְּעַמּ֜וֹ וַיֵּ֣ט יָד֧וֹ עָלָ֣יו וַיַּכֵּ֗הוּ וַֽיִּרְגְּזוּ֙ הֶֽהָרִ֔ים וַתְּהִ֧י נִבְלָתָ֛ם כַּסּוּחָ֖ה בְּקֶ֣רֶב חוּצ֑וֹת בְּכָל־זֹאת֙ לֹא־שָׁ֣ב אַפּ֔וֹ וְע֖וֹד יָד֥וֹ נְטוּיָֽה׃", "text": "Because of *ʿal*-this *kēn* the *ḥārâ* *ʾap*-*YHWH* against his *bəʿammô* and he *wayyēṭ* his *yādô* against him and *wayyakkēhû*; and *wayyirgəzû* the *hehārîm*, and their *watəhî* *niblātām* like *kassûḥâ* in the *bəqereb* of the *ḥûṣôt*. For all *bəkāl*-this his *ʾappô* is not *lōʾ*-*šāb*, and still his *yādô* is *nəṭûyâ*.", "grammar": { "*ʿal*": "preposition - because of", "*kēn*": "adverb - thus/so", "*ḥārâ*": "qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - has burned", "*ʾap*": "masculine singular construct - anger of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD", "*bəʿammô*": "preposition with masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - against his people", "*wayyēṭ*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular with vav consecutive - and he stretched out", "*yādô*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his hand", "*wayyakkēhû*": "hiphil imperfect 3rd person masculine singular with vav consecutive and 3rd person masculine singular suffix - and he struck him", "*wayyirgəzû*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with vav consecutive - and they trembled", "*hehārîm*": "definite article with masculine plural noun - the mountains", "*watəhî*": "qal imperfect 3rd person feminine singular with vav consecutive - and became", "*niblātām*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their corpses", "*kassûḥâ*": "preposition with definite article with feminine singular noun - like refuse", "*bəqereb*": "preposition with masculine singular construct - in the midst of", "*ḥûṣôt*": "feminine plural noun - streets", "*bəkāl*": "preposition with noun construct - in all", "*zōʾt*": "feminine singular demonstrative pronoun - this", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*šāb*": "qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - has turned", "*ʾappô*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his anger", "*wəʿôd*": "conjunction with adverb - and still", "*yādô*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his hand", "*nəṭûyâ*": "qal passive participle feminine singular - stretched out" }, "variants": { "*ʾap*": "anger/nose/wrath", "*sûḥâ*": "refuse/garbage/sweepings", "*ḥûṣôt*": "streets/outside places/open areas", "*nəṭûyâ*": "stretched out/extended/reaching" } }

{ "verseID": "Isaiah.5.26", "source": "וְנָֽשָׂא־נֵ֤ס לַגּוֹיִם֙ מֵרָח֔וֹק וְשָׁ֥רַק ל֖וֹ מִקְצֵ֣ה הָאָ֑רֶץ וְהִנֵּ֥ה מְהֵרָ֖ה קַ֥ל יָבֽוֹא׃", "text": "And he will *wənāśāʾ*-*nēs* to the *laggôyim* from *mērāḥôq*, and he will *wəšāraq* to it from the *miqqṣēh* the *hāʾāreṣ*; and *wəhinnēh* *məhērâ* *qal* it will *yābôʾ*.", "grammar": { "*wənāśāʾ*": "conjunction with qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he will lift up", "*nēs*": "masculine singular noun - banner/standard", "*laggôyim*": "preposition with definite article with masculine plural noun - to the nations", "*mērāḥôq*": "preposition with masculine singular noun - from afar", "*wəšāraq*": "conjunction with qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he will whistle/signal", "*lô*": "preposition with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - to it", "*miqqṣēh*": "preposition with masculine singular construct - from the end of", "*hāʾāreṣ*": "definite article with feminine singular noun - the earth", "*wəhinnēh*": "conjunction with demonstrative particle - and behold", "*məhērâ*": "feminine singular noun - quickness/speed", "*qal*": "masculine singular adjective - swift", "*yābôʾ*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - it will come" }, "variants": { "*nēs*": "banner/standard/signal", "*šāraq*": "whistle/signal/call", "*qṣēh*": "end/extremity/edge" } }

{ "verseID": "Isaiah.5.27", "source": "אֵין־עָיֵ֤ף וְאֵין־כּוֹשֵׁל֙ בּ֔וֹ לֹ֥א יָנ֖וּם וְלֹ֣א יִישָׁ֑ן וְלֹ֤א נִפְתַּח֙ אֵז֣וֹר חֲלָצָ֔יו וְלֹ֥א נִתַּ֖ק שְׂר֥וֹךְ נְעָלָֽיו׃", "text": "None *ʾên*-*ʿāyēp* and none *wəʾên*-*kôšēl* in *bô*, he does not *lōʾ* *yānûm* and does not *wəlōʾ* *yîšān*; and not *wəlōʾ* *niptaḥ* the *ʾēzôr* of his *ḥălāṣāyw*, and not *wəlōʾ* *nittaq* the *śərôk* of his *nəʿālāyw*.", "grammar": { "*ʾên*": "particle of negation - there is not", "*ʿāyēp*": "adjective masculine singular - weary", "*wəʾên*": "conjunction with particle of negation - and there is not", "*kôšēl*": "qal participle masculine singular - stumbling", "*bô*": "preposition with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - in it", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*yānûm*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - he slumbers", "*wəlōʾ*": "conjunction with negative particle - and not", "*yîšān*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - he sleeps", "*niptaḥ*": "niphal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - is loosened", "*ʾēzôr*": "masculine singular construct - belt of", "*ḥălāṣāyw*": "masculine dual noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his loins", "*nittaq*": "niphal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - is broken", "*śərôk*": "masculine singular construct - strap of", "*nəʿālāyw*": "feminine dual noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his sandals" }, "variants": { "*ʿāyēp*": "weary/tired/exhausted", "*kôšēl*": "stumbling/staggering/tottering", "*yānûm*": "slumbers/dozes/nods off", "*niptaḥ*": "loosened/opened/undone", "*ʾēzôr*": "belt/girdle/waistband", "*nittaq*": "broken/snapped/torn", "*śərôk*": "strap/thong/lace" } }

{ "verseID": "Isaiah.5.28", "source": "אֲשֶׁ֤ר חִצָּיו֙ שְׁנוּנִ֔ים וְכָל־קַשְּׁתֹתָ֖יו דְּרֻכ֑וֹת פַּרְס֤וֹת סוּסָיו֙ כַּצַּ֣ר נֶחְשָׁ֔בוּ וְגַלְגִּלָּ֖יו כַּסּוּפָֽה׃", "text": "Whose *ʾăšer* *ḥiṣṣāyw* are *šənûnîm*, and all *wəkāl*-its *qaššətōtāyw* are *dərukôt*; the *parsôt* of its *sûsāyw* like *kaṣṣar* are *neḥšābû*, and its *wəgalgillāyw* like *kassûpâ*.", "grammar": { "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - whose", "*ḥiṣṣāyw*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - its arrows", "*šənûnîm*": "qal passive participle masculine plural - sharpened", "*wəkāl*": "conjunction with noun construct - and all", "*qaššətōtāyw*": "feminine plural noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - its bows", "*dərukôt*": "qal passive participle feminine plural - bent/drawn", "*parsôt*": "feminine plural construct - hooves of", "*sûsāyw*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - its horses", "*kaṣṣar*": "preposition with definite article with masculine singular noun - like flint", "*neḥšābû*": "niphal perfect 3rd person common plural - are regarded", "*wəgalgillāyw*": "conjunction with masculine plural noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - and its wheels", "*kassûpâ*": "preposition with definite article with feminine singular noun - like the whirlwind" }, "variants": { "*šənûnîm*": "sharpened/pointed/keen", "*dərukôt*": "bent/drawn/strung", "*ṣar*": "flint/rock/pebble", "*neḥšābû*": "regarded/considered/reckoned", "*sûpâ*": "whirlwind/storm/tempest" } }

{ "verseID": "Isaiah.5.29", "source": "שְׁאָגָ֥ה ל֖וֹ כַּלָּבִ֑יא *ושאג **יִשְׁאַ֨ג כַּכְּפִירִ֤ים וְיִנְהֹם֙ וְיֹאחֵ֣ז טֶ֔רֶף וְיַפְלִ֖יט וְאֵ֥ין מַצִּֽיל׃", "text": "A *šəʾāgâ* to it like the *kallābîʾ*; and it *yišʾag* like the *kakkəpîrîm* and *wəyinhōm* and *wəyōʾḥēz* *ṭerep* and *wəyapliṭ* and there is none *wəʾên* *maṣṣîl*.", "grammar": { "*šəʾāgâ*": "feminine singular noun - roar", "*lô*": "preposition with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - to it", "*kallābîʾ*": "preposition with definite article with masculine singular noun - like the lion", "*yišʾag*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - it roars", "*kakkəpîrîm*": "preposition with definite article with masculine plural noun - like the young lions", "*wəyinhōm*": "conjunction with qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and it growls", "*wəyōʾḥēz*": "conjunction with qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and it seizes", "*ṭerep*": "masculine singular noun - prey", "*wəyapliṭ*": "conjunction with hiphil imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and it carries off", "*wəʾên*": "conjunction with particle of negation - and there is not", "*maṣṣîl*": "hiphil participle masculine singular - rescuer" }, "variants": { "*šəʾāgâ*": "roar/growl/loud cry", "*lābîʾ*": "lion/lioness", "*kəpîrîm*": "young lions/lion cubs", "*yinhōm*": "growls/roars/makes noise", "*yōʾḥēz*": "seizes/grasps/takes hold of", "*ṭerep*": "prey/food/torn flesh", "*yapliṭ*": "carries off/saves/rescues", "*maṣṣîl*": "rescuer/deliverer" } }

{ "verseID": "Isaiah.5.30", "source": "וְיִנְהֹ֥ם עָלָ֛יו בַּיּ֥וֹם הַה֖וּא כְּנַהֲמַת־יָ֑ם וְנִבַּ֤ט לָאָ֙רֶץ֙ וְהִנֵּה־חֹ֔שֶׁךְ צַ֣ר וָא֔וֹר חָשַׁ֖ךְ בַּעֲרִיפֶֽיהָ׃", "text": "And it will *wəyinhōm* against him in *bayyôm* *hahûʾ* like the *kənahamat*-*yām*; and one *wənibbaṭ* to the *lāʾāreṣ* and *wəhinnēh*-*ḥōšek* *ṣar* and *wāʾôr* is made *ḥāšak* in its *baʿărîpehā*.", "grammar": { "*wəyinhōm*": "conjunction with qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and it will growl", "*ʿālāyw*": "preposition with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - against him", "*bayyôm*": "preposition with definite article with masculine singular noun - in the day", "*hahûʾ*": "definite article with demonstrative pronoun - that", "*kənahamat*": "preposition with feminine singular construct - like the roaring of", "*yām*": "masculine singular noun - sea", "*wənibbat*": "conjunction with niphal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - and one looks", "*lāʾāreṣ*": "preposition with definite article with feminine singular noun - to the land/earth", "*wəhinnēh*": "conjunction with demonstrative particle - and behold", "*ḥōšek*": "masculine singular noun - darkness", "*ṣar*": "masculine singular adjective - distress", "*wāʾôr*": "conjunction with masculine singular noun - and light", "*ḥāšak*": "qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - is darkened", "*baʿărîpehā*": "preposition with masculine plural noun with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - in its clouds" }, "variants": { "*yinhōm*": "growls/roars/makes noise", "*nahamat*": "roaring/growling/moaning", "*nibbat*": "looks/gazes/observes", "*ṣar*": "distress/trouble/adversity", "*ḥāšak*": "darkened/dimmed/obscured", "*ʿărîpehā*": "clouds/darkness/gloom" } }