{ "verseID": "James.5.1", "source": "¶Ἄγε νῦν, οἱ πλούσιοι, κλαύσατε ὀλολύζοντες ἐπὶ ταῖς ταλαιπωρίαις ὑμῶν ταῖς ἐπερχομέναις.", "text": "*Age nyn*, the *plousioi*, *klausate ololyzontes epi* the *talaipōriais* of you the *eperchomenais*.", "grammar": { "*Age*": "imperative, 2nd singular - come now/go to", "*nyn*": "adverb - now", "*plousioi*": "nominative, masculine, plural - rich (ones)", "*klausate*": "aorist imperative, 2nd plural - weep/mourn", "*ololyzontes*": "present participle, nominative, masculine, plural - wailing/howling", "*epi*": "preposition + dative - upon/over/because of", "*talaipōriais*": "dative, feminine, plural - miseries/hardships", "*eperchomenais*": "present participle, dative, feminine, plural - coming upon/approaching" }, "variants": { "*Age*": "come/come now/go to (interjection)", "*ololyzontes*": "howling/wailing/lamenting loudly", "*talaipōriais*": "miseries/distresses/hardships/calamities", "*eperchomenais*": "coming upon/approaching/impending" } }

{ "verseID": "James.5.2", "source": "Ὁ πλοῦτος ὑμῶν σέσηπεν, καὶ τὰ ἱμάτια ὑμῶν σητόβρωτα γέγονεν.", "text": "The *ploutos* of you *sesēpen*, and the *himatia* of you *sētobrōta gegonen*.", "grammar": { "*ploutos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - wealth/riches", "*sesēpen*": "perfect active, 3rd singular - has rotted/decayed", "*himatia*": "nominative, neuter, plural - garments/clothes", "*sētobrōta*": "nominative, neuter, plural - moth-eaten", "*gegonen*": "perfect active, 3rd singular - have become" }, "variants": { "*ploutos*": "wealth/riches/abundance", "*sesēpen*": "has rotted/decayed/putrefied (perfect tense indicating completed action with present results)", "*himatia*": "garments/clothes/robes (often outer garments)", "*sētobrōta*": "moth-eaten/consumed by moths" } }

{ "verseID": "James.5.3", "source": "Ὁ χρυσὸς ὑμῶν καὶ ὁ ἄργυρος κατίωται· καὶ ὁ ἰὸς αὐτῶν εἰς μαρτύριον ὑμῖν ἔσται, καὶ φάγεται τὰς σάρκας ὑμῶν ὡς πῦρ. Ἐθησαυρίσατε ἐν ἐσχάταις ἡμέραις.", "text": "The *chrysos* of you and the *argyros katiōtai*; and the *ios* of them *eis martyrion* to you *estai*, and *phagetai* the *sarkas* of you as *pyr*. *Ethēsaurisate en eschatais hēmerais*.", "grammar": { "*chrysos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - gold", "*argyros*": "nominative, masculine, singular - silver", "*katiōtai*": "perfect passive, 3rd singular - has been corroded/rusted", "*ios*": "nominative, masculine, singular - rust/corrosion/poison", "*eis*": "preposition + accusative - for/as", "*martyrion*": "accusative, neuter, singular - testimony/witness", "*estai*": "future middle, 3rd singular - will be", "*phagetai*": "future middle, 3rd singular - will eat/consume", "*sarkas*": "accusative, feminine, plural - flesh", "*pyr*": "nominative, neuter, singular - fire", "*Ethēsaurisate*": "aorist active, 2nd plural - you have stored up/treasured", "*en*": "preposition + dative - in", "*eschatais*": "dative, feminine, plural - last", "*hēmerais*": "dative, feminine, plural - days" }, "variants": { "*katiōtai*": "has been corroded/rusted/tarnished", "*ios*": "rust/corrosion/poison/venom", "*martyrion*": "testimony/witness/evidence", "*phagetai*": "will eat/consume/devour", "*sarkas*": "flesh/bodies", "*Ethēsaurisate*": "you have stored up/treasured/hoarded", "*eschatais hēmerais*": "last days/final days/end times" } }

{ "verseID": "James.5.4", "source": "Ἰδοὺ, ὁ μισθὸς τῶν ἐργατῶν τῶν ἀμησάντων τὰς χώρας ὑμῶν, ὁ ἀπεστερημένος ἀφʼ ὑμῶν, κράζει: καὶ αἱ βοαὶ τῶν θερισάντων εἰς τὰ ὦτα Κυρίου Σαβαὼθ εἰσεληλύθασιν.", "text": "*Idou*, the *misthos* of the *ergatōn tōn amēsantōn* the *chōras* of you, the *apesterēmenos aph'* you, *krazei*: and the *boai tōn therisantōn eis* the *ōta Kyriou Sabaōth eiselēlythasin*.", "grammar": { "*Idou*": "aorist middle imperative - behold/look", "*misthos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - wages/payment", "*ergatōn*": "genitive, masculine, plural - workers/laborers", "*amēsantōn*": "aorist active participle, genitive, masculine, plural - having harvested/reaped", "*chōras*": "accusative, feminine, plural - fields/lands", "*apesterēmenos*": "perfect passive participle, nominative, masculine, singular - having been withheld/defrauded", "*aph'*": "preposition + genitive - from/by", "*krazei*": "present active, 3rd singular - cries out/shouts", "*boai*": "nominative, feminine, plural - cries/shouts", "*therisantōn*": "aorist active participle, genitive, masculine, plural - having harvested/reaped", "*eis*": "preposition + accusative - into/to", "*ōta*": "accusative, neuter, plural - ears", "*Kyriou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - Lord", "*Sabaōth*": "genitive - of hosts/armies (untranslated Hebrew term)", "*eiselēlythasin*": "perfect active, 3rd plural - have entered/come into" }, "variants": { "*Idou*": "behold/look/see", "*misthos*": "wages/payment/reward", "*ergatōn*": "workers/laborers", "*amēsantōn*": "having harvested/reaped/mowed", "*chōras*": "fields/lands/regions", "*apesterēmenos*": "having been withheld/defrauded/kept back by fraud", "*krazei*": "cries out/shouts/calls loudly", "*boai*": "cries/shouts/outcries", "*therisantōn*": "having harvested/reaped (can refer specifically to grain harvest)", "*Sabaōth*": "of hosts/armies (Hebrew military term)" } }

{ "verseID": "James.5.5", "source": "Ἐτρυφήσατε ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς, καὶ ἐσπαταλήσατε· ἐθρέψατε τὰς καρδίας ὑμῶν, ὡς ἐν ἡμέρᾳ σφαγῆς.", "text": "*Etryphēsate epi tēs gēs*, and *espatālēsate*; *ethrepsate* the *kardias* of you, as *en hēmera sphagēs*.", "grammar": { "*Etryphēsate*": "aorist active, 2nd plural - you lived luxuriously/in pleasure", "*epi*": "preposition + genitive - upon/on", "*tēs gēs*": "genitive, feminine, singular - the earth/land", "*espatālēsate*": "aorist active, 2nd plural - you lived in self-indulgence/wantonness", "*ethrepsate*": "aorist active, 2nd plural - you have nourished/fattened", "*kardias*": "accusative, feminine, plural - hearts", "*en*": "preposition + dative - in", "*hēmera*": "dative, feminine, singular - day", "*sphagēs*": "genitive, feminine, singular - slaughter/killing" }, "variants": { "*Etryphēsate*": "you lived luxuriously/in pleasure/delicately", "*espatālēsate*": "you lived in self-indulgence/wantonness/sensual pleasure", "*ethrepsate*": "you have nourished/fattened/fed", "*kardias*": "hearts (figurative for inner self/desires)", "*hēmera sphagēs*": "day of slaughter/killing (referring to feast day when animals are slaughtered or judgment day)" } }

{ "verseID": "James.5.6", "source": "Κατεδικάσατε ἐφονεύσατε τὸν δίκαιον· οὐκ ἀντιτάσσεται ὑμῖν.", "text": "*Katedikasate ephoneusate ton dikaion*; *ouk antitassetai* you.", "grammar": { "*Katedikasate*": "aorist active, 2nd plural - you have condemned", "*ephoneusate*": "aorist active, 2nd plural - you have murdered/killed", "*ton dikaion*": "accusative, masculine, singular - the righteous/just (one)", "*ouk*": "negative particle - not", "*antitassetai*": "present middle, 3rd singular - he resists/opposes", "you": "dative, 2nd plural - to/against you" }, "variants": { "*Katedikasate*": "you have condemned/pronounced judgment against", "*ephoneusate*": "you have murdered/killed", "*ton dikaion*": "the righteous/just (one) (could be collective singular)", "*antitassetai*": "he resists/opposes/stands against" } }

{ "verseID": "James.5.7", "source": "Μακροθυμήσατε οὖν, ἀδελφοί, ἕως τῆς παρουσίας τοῦ Κυρίου. Ἰδοὺ, ὁ γεωργὸς ἐκδέχεται τὸν τίμιον καρπὸν τῆς γῆς, μακροθυμῶν ἐπʼ αὐτῷ, ἕως ἂν λάβῃ ὑετὸν πρώϊμον καὶ ὄψιμον.", "text": "*Makrothymēsate oun, adelphoi, heōs tēs parousias tou Kyriou. Idou*, the *geōrgos ekdechetai ton timion karpon tēs gēs, makrothymōn ep'* it, *heōs an labē hyeton prōimon kai opsimon*.", "grammar": { "*Makrothymēsate*": "aorist active imperative, 2nd plural - be patient", "*oun*": "conjunction - therefore", "*adelphoi*": "vocative, masculine, plural - brothers", "*heōs*": "preposition - until", "*tēs parousias*": "genitive, feminine, singular - the coming/arrival", "*tou Kyriou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of the Lord", "*Idou*": "aorist middle imperative - behold/look", "*geōrgos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - farmer", "*ekdechetai*": "present middle, 3rd singular - waits for/expects", "*ton timion*": "accusative, masculine, singular - the precious/valuable", "*karpon*": "accusative, masculine, singular - fruit/crop", "*tēs gēs*": "genitive, feminine, singular - of the earth/land", "*makrothymōn*": "present active participle, nominative, masculine, singular - being patient", "*ep'*": "preposition + dative - for/over", "*heōs an*": "conjunction combination - until", "*labē*": "aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular - he might receive", "*hyeton*": "accusative, masculine, singular - rain", "*prōimon*": "accusative, masculine, singular - early", "*kai*": "conjunction - and", "*opsimon*": "accusative, masculine, singular - late" }, "variants": { "*Makrothymēsate*": "be patient/longsuffering/enduring", "*adelphoi*": "brothers/siblings (can include sisters in broader usage)", "*parousias*": "coming/arrival/presence", "*geōrgos*": "farmer/husbandman/tiller of soil", "*ekdechetai*": "waits for/expects/awaits eagerly", "*timion karpon*": "precious fruit/valuable crop", "*makrothymōn*": "being patient/waiting with patience", "*hyeton prōimon kai opsimon*": "early and late rain (referring to autumn and spring rains in Palestinian agricultural cycle)" } }

{ "verseID": "James.5.8", "source": "Μακροθυμήσατε καὶ ὑμεῖς· στηρίξατε τὰς καρδίας ὑμῶν: ὅτι ἡ παρουσία τοῦ Κυρίου ἤγγικεν.", "text": "*Makrothymēsate* also you; *stērixate* the *kardias* of you: because the *parousia tou Kyriou ēngiken*.", "grammar": { "*Makrothymēsate*": "aorist active imperative, 2nd plural - be patient", "also you": "nominative, 2nd plural - you also", "*stērixate*": "aorist active imperative, 2nd plural - strengthen/establish", "*kardias*": "accusative, feminine, plural - hearts", "*parousia*": "nominative, feminine, singular - coming/arrival", "*tou Kyriou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of the Lord", "*ēngiken*": "perfect active, 3rd singular - has drawn near" }, "variants": { "*Makrothymēsate*": "be patient/longsuffering/enduring", "*stērixate*": "strengthen/establish/make firm", "*kardias*": "hearts (figurative for inner resolve/will)", "*parousia*": "coming/arrival/presence", "*ēngiken*": "has drawn near/approached/is at hand (perfect tense indicating completed action with present results)" } }

{ "verseID": "James.5.9", "source": "Μὴ στενάζετε κατʼ ἀλλήλων, ἀδελφοί, ἵνα μὴ κατακριθῆτε: ἰδού, ὁ κριτὴς πρὸ τῶν θυρῶν ἕστηκεν.", "text": "*Mē stenazete kat'* one another, *adelphoi*, *hina mē katakrithēte*: *idou*, the *kritēs pro tōn thyrōn hestēken*.", "grammar": { "*Mē stenazete*": "present active imperative + negative, 2nd plural - do not groan/complain", "*kat'*": "preposition + genitive - against", "one another": "genitive, masculine, plural - each other", "*adelphoi*": "vocative, masculine, plural - brothers", "*hina mē*": "negative purpose clause - so that not", "*katakrithēte*": "aorist passive subjunctive, 2nd plural - you might be judged/condemned", "*idou*": "aorist middle imperative - behold/look", "*kritēs*": "nominative, masculine, singular - judge", "*pro*": "preposition + genitive - before/in front of", "*tōn thyrōn*": "genitive, feminine, plural - the doors", "*hestēken*": "perfect active, 3rd singular - has taken his stand/is standing" }, "variants": { "*stenazete*": "groan/complain/sigh (against)", "*adelphoi*": "brothers/siblings (can include sisters in broader usage)", "*katakrithēte*": "you might be judged/condemned/sentenced", "*kritēs*": "judge/one who passes judgment", "*pro tōn thyrōn*": "before the doors/at the doors (idiom for imminent arrival)", "*hestēken*": "has taken his stand/is standing/is positioned (perfect tense indicating lasting state)" } }

{ "verseID": "James.5.10", "source": "Ὑπόδειγμα λάβετε, ἀδελφοί μου, τῆς κακοπαθείας, καὶ τῆς μακροθυμίας. Τοὺς προφήτας, οἳ ἐλάλησαν τῷ ὀνόματι Κυρίου,", "text": "*Hypodeigma labete, adelphoi* my, *tēs kakopātheias*, and *tēs makrothymias*. The *prophētas*, who *elalēsan tō onomati Kyriou*,", "grammar": { "*Hypodeigma*": "accusative, neuter, singular - example", "*labete*": "aorist active imperative, 2nd plural - take", "*adelphoi*": "vocative, masculine, plural - brothers", "my": "genitive, 1st singular - my/of me", "*tēs kakopātheias*": "genitive, feminine, singular - of suffering affliction", "*tēs makrothymias*": "genitive, feminine, singular - of patience", "*prophētas*": "accusative, masculine, plural - prophets", "*elalēsan*": "aorist active, 3rd plural - spoke", "*tō onomati*": "dative, neuter, singular - in the name", "*Kyriou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of the Lord" }, "variants": { "*Hypodeigma*": "example/pattern/model", "*labete*": "take/receive/consider", "*adelphoi*": "brothers/siblings (can include sisters in broader usage)", "*kakopātheias*": "suffering affliction/enduring hardship/suffering evil", "*makrothymias*": "patience/longsuffering/endurance", "*prophētas*": "prophets/those who spoke for God", "*elalēsan tō onomati*": "spoke in the name/by the authority" } }

{ "verseID": "James.5.11", "source": "Ἰδού, μακαρίζομεν τοὺς ὑπομένοντας. Τὴν ὑπομονὴν Ἰὼβ ἠκούσατε, καὶ τὸ τέλος Κυρίου εἴδετε· ὅτι πολύσπλαγχνός ἐστιν ὁ Κύριος, καὶ οἰκτίρμων.", "text": "*Idou*, we *makarizomen tous hypomenontas*. The *hypomonēn Iōb ēkousate*, and the *telos Kyriou eidete*; because *polysplagchnos estin ho Kyrios*, and *oiktirmōn*.", "grammar": { "*Idou*": "aorist middle imperative - behold/look", "*makarizomen*": "present active, 1st plural - we count blessed/happy", "*tous hypomenontas*": "accusative, masculine, plural, present participle - the ones enduring", "*hypomonēn*": "accusative, feminine, singular - endurance/perseverance", "*Iōb*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of Job", "*ēkousate*": "aorist active, 2nd plural - you have heard", "*telos*": "accusative, neuter, singular - end/outcome", "*Kyriou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of the Lord", "*eidete*": "aorist active, 2nd plural - you have seen", "*polysplagchnos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - very compassionate", "*estin*": "present active, 3rd singular - is", "*ho Kyrios*": "nominative, masculine, singular - the Lord", "*oiktirmōn*": "nominative, masculine, singular - merciful" }, "variants": { "*makarizomen*": "we count blessed/happy/fortunate", "*tous hypomenontas*": "the ones enduring/persevering/remaining steadfast", "*hypomonēn*": "endurance/perseverance/steadfastness", "*telos*": "end/outcome/purpose/goal", "*polysplagchnos*": "very compassionate/full of mercy/tender-hearted", "*oiktirmōn*": "merciful/compassionate/full of pity" } }

{ "verseID": "James.5.12", "source": "Πρὸ πάντων δέ, ἀδελφοί μου, μὴ ὀμνύετε, μήτε τὸν οὐρανὸν, μήτε τὴν γῆν, μήτε ἄλλον τινὰ ὅρκον: ἤτω δὲ ὑμῶν τὸ ναὶ ναὶ· καὶ τὸ οὒ, οὔ· ἵνα μὴ εἰς ὑπὸ κρίσιν πέσητε.", "text": "*Pro pantōn de, adelphoi* my, *mē omnuete*, neither the *ouranon*, nor the *gēn*, nor *allon tina horkon*: *ētō de* of you the *nai nai*; and the *ou, ou*; *hina mē eis hypo krisin pesēte*.", "grammar": { "*Pro*": "preposition + genitive - before/above", "*pantōn*": "genitive, neuter, plural - all things", "*de*": "conjunction - but/and", "*adelphoi*": "vocative, masculine, plural - brothers", "my": "genitive, 1st singular - my/of me", "*mē omnuete*": "present active imperative + negative, 2nd plural - do not swear", "*ouranon*": "accusative, masculine, singular - heaven", "*gēn*": "accusative, feminine, singular - earth", "*allon tina*": "accusative, masculine, singular - any other", "*horkon*": "accusative, masculine, singular - oath", "*ētō*": "present active imperative, 3rd singular - let be", "of you": "genitive, 2nd plural - your", "*nai*": "affirmative particle - yes", "*ou*": "negative particle - no", "*hina mē*": "negative purpose clause - so that not", "*eis*": "preposition + accusative - into", "*hypo*": "preposition + accusative - under", "*krisin*": "accusative, feminine, singular - judgment", "*pesēte*": "aorist active subjunctive, 2nd plural - you might fall" }, "variants": { "*Pro pantōn*": "above all/before all things", "*adelphoi*": "brothers/siblings (can include sisters in broader usage)", "*mē omnuete*": "do not swear/take oaths", "*horkon*": "oath/sworn statement", "*ētō*": "let be/let it be (strong imperative)", "*nai nai*": "yes yes (emphatic affirmation of truthfulness)", "*ou, ou*": "no, no (emphatic negation)", "*hypo krisin pesēte*": "fall under judgment/condemnation" } }

{ "verseID": "James.5.13", "source": "Κακοπαθεῖ τις ἐν ὑμῖν; προσευχέσθω. Εὐθυμεῖ τις; ψαλλέτω.", "text": "*Kakopathei tis en* you? *proseuchesthō*. *Euthymei tis*? *psalletō*.", "grammar": { "*Kakopathei*": "present active, 3rd singular - suffers hardship", "*tis*": "indefinite pronoun, nominative - anyone", "*en*": "preposition + dative - among", "you": "dative, 2nd plural - you", "*proseuchesthō*": "present middle imperative, 3rd singular - let him pray", "*Euthymei*": "present active, 3rd singular - is cheerful", "*tis*": "indefinite pronoun, nominative - anyone", "*psalletō*": "present active imperative, 3rd singular - let him sing psalms" }, "variants": { "*Kakopathei*": "suffers hardship/affliction/trouble", "*proseuchesthō*": "let him pray/offer prayers", "*Euthymei*": "is cheerful/in good spirits/joyful", "*psalletō*": "let him sing psalms/praise/sing with instrument" } }

{ "verseID": "James.5.14", "source": "Ἀσθενεῖ τις ἐν ὑμῖν; προσκαλεσάσθω τοὺς πρεσβυτέρους τῆς ἐκκλησίας· καὶ προσευξάσθωσαν ἐπʼ αὐτὸν, ἀλείψαντες αὐτὸν ἐλαίῳ ἐν τῷ ὀνόματι τοῦ Κυρίου:", "text": "*Asthenei tis en* you? *proskalesasthō tous presbyterous tēs ekklēsias*; and *proseuxasthōsan ep'* him, *aleipsantes* him *elaiō en tō onomati tou Kyriou*:", "grammar": { "*Asthenei*": "present active, 3rd singular - is sick/weak", "*tis*": "indefinite pronoun, nominative - anyone", "*en*": "preposition + dative - among", "you": "dative, 2nd plural - you", "*proskalesasthō*": "aorist middle imperative, 3rd singular - let him call for", "*tous presbyterous*": "accusative, masculine, plural - the elders", "*tēs ekklēsias*": "genitive, feminine, singular - of the church/assembly", "*proseuxasthōsan*": "aorist middle imperative, 3rd plural - let them pray", "*ep'*": "preposition + accusative - over", "him": "accusative, masculine, singular - him", "*aleipsantes*": "aorist active participle, nominative, masculine, plural - having anointed", "him": "accusative, masculine, singular - him", "*elaiō*": "dative, neuter, singular - with oil", "*en*": "preposition + dative - in", "*tō onomati*": "dative, neuter, singular - the name", "*tou Kyriou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of the Lord" }, "variants": { "*Asthenei*": "is sick/weak/ill/infirm", "*proskalesasthō*": "let him call for/summon", "*presbyterous*": "elders (official church leaders, not simply older men)", "*ekklēsias*": "church/assembly/congregation", "*proseuxasthōsan*": "let them pray (formal prayer)", "*aleipsantes*": "having anointed/rubbed with oil", "*elaiō*": "with oil (olive oil used for medicinal and ceremonial purposes)", "*en tō onomati*": "in the name/by the authority" } }

{ "verseID": "James.5.15", "source": "Καὶ ἡ εὐχὴ τῆς πίστεως σώσει τὸν κάμνοντα, καὶ ἐγερεῖ αὐτὸν ὁ Κύριος· κἂν ἁμαρτίας ᾖ πεποιηκώς, ἀφεθήσεται αὐτῷ.", "text": "And the *euchē tēs pisteōs sōsei ton kamnonta*, and *egerei* him the *Kyrios*; and if *hamartias ē pepoiēkōs*, *aphethēsetai* him.", "grammar": { "*euchē*": "nominative, feminine, singular - prayer", "*tēs pisteōs*": "genitive, feminine, singular - of faith", "*sōsei*": "future active, 3rd singular - will save", "*ton kamnonta*": "accusative, masculine, singular, present participle - the one being sick", "*egerei*": "future active, 3rd singular - will raise up", "him": "accusative, masculine, singular - him", "*Kyrios*": "nominative, masculine, singular - Lord", "*hamartias*": "accusative, feminine, plural - sins", "*ē*": "present subjunctive, 3rd singular - he may be", "*pepoiēkōs*": "perfect active participle, nominative, masculine, singular - having committed", "*aphethēsetai*": "future passive, 3rd singular - will be forgiven", "him": "dative, masculine, singular - to him" }, "variants": { "*euchē*": "prayer/vow", "*pisteōs*": "of faith/trust/belief", "*sōsei*": "will save/heal/make whole", "*kamnonta*": "being sick/weary/ill", "*egerei*": "will raise up/restore/lift up", "*pepoiēkōs*": "having committed/done (perfect tense indicating past action with continuing results)", "*aphethēsetai*": "will be forgiven/pardoned/released" } }

{ "verseID": "James.5.16", "source": "Ἐξομολογεῖσθε ἀλλήλοις τὰ παραπτώματα, καὶ εὔχεσθε ὑπὲρ ἀλλήλων, ὅπως ἰαθῆτε. Πολὺ ἰσχύει δέησις δικαίου ἐνεργουμένη.", "text": "*Exomologeisthe allēlois ta paraptōmata*, and *euchesthe hyper allēlōn*, so that *iathēte*. *Poly ischuei deēsis dikaiou energoumenē*.", "grammar": { "*Exomologeisthe*": "present middle imperative, 2nd plural - confess", "*allēlois*": "dative, masculine, plural - to one another", "*ta paraptōmata*": "accusative, neuter, plural - the trespasses", "*euchesthe*": "present middle imperative, 2nd plural - pray", "*hyper*": "preposition + genitive - for/on behalf of", "*allēlōn*": "genitive, masculine, plural - one another", "*iathēte*": "aorist passive subjunctive, 2nd plural - you may be healed", "*Poly*": "adverb - much/greatly", "*ischuei*": "present active, 3rd singular - is effective/powerful", "*deēsis*": "nominative, feminine, singular - prayer/supplication", "*dikaiou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of righteous person", "*energoumenē*": "present middle participle, nominative, feminine, singular - working/operating" }, "variants": { "*Exomologeisthe*": "confess/acknowledge openly", "*paraptōmata*": "trespasses/sins/offenses", "*euchesthe*": "pray (formal prayer)", "*iathēte*": "you may be healed/cured/made whole (can refer to physical or spiritual healing)", "*ischuei*": "is effective/powerful/avails much", "*deēsis*": "prayer/supplication/petition", "*dikaiou*": "of righteous/just person", "*energoumenē*": "working/operating/being effective (middle voice suggesting fervent activity)" } }

{ "verseID": "James.5.17", "source": "Ἠλίας ἄνθρωπος ἦν ὁμοιοπαθὴς ἡμῖν, καὶ προσευχῇ προσηύξατο τοῦ μὴ βρέξαι: καὶ οὐκ ἔβρεξεν ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς ἐνιαυτοὺς τρεῖς καὶ μῆνας ἕξ.", "text": "*Ēlias anthrōpos ēn homoiopathēs* us, and *proseuchē prosēuxato tou mē brexai*: and *ouk ebrexen epi tēs gēs eniautous treis kai mēnas hex*.", "grammar": { "*Ēlias*": "nominative, masculine, singular - Elijah", "*anthrōpos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - man/human", "*ēn*": "imperfect active, 3rd singular - was", "*homoiopathēs*": "nominative, masculine, singular - of like passions/nature", "us": "dative, 1st plural - to us", "*proseuchē*": "dative, feminine, singular - with prayer", "*prosēuxato*": "aorist middle, 3rd singular - he prayed", "*tou mē brexai*": "articular infinitive with negative - not to rain", "*ouk*": "negative particle - not", "*ebrexen*": "aorist active, 3rd singular - it rained", "*epi*": "preposition + genitive - upon", "*tēs gēs*": "genitive, feminine, singular - the earth/land", "*eniautous*": "accusative, masculine, plural - years", "*treis*": "accusative, masculine, plural - three", "*kai*": "conjunction - and", "*mēnas*": "accusative, masculine, plural - months", "*hex*": "accusative - six" }, "variants": { "*Ēlias*": "Elijah (Hebrew prophet)", "*anthrōpos*": "man/human/person", "*homoiopathēs*": "of like passions/nature/having same feelings (emphasizing common humanity)", "*proseuchē prosēuxato*": "he prayed with prayer (Hebraic emphasis construction)", "*tou mē brexai*": "for it not to rain/that it might not rain", "*ebrexen*": "it rained (impersonal usage)", "*eniautous treis kai mēnas hex*": "three years and six months" } }

{ "verseID": "James.5.18", "source": "Καὶ πάλιν προσηύξατο, καὶ ὁ οὐρανὸς ὑετὸν ἔδωκεν, καὶ ἡ γῆ ἐβλάστησεν τὸν καρπὸν αὐτῆς.", "text": "And *palin prosēuxato*, and the *ouranos hyeton edōken*, and the *gē eblastēsen ton karpon* of it.", "grammar": { "*palin*": "adverb - again", "*prosēuxato*": "aorist middle, 3rd singular - he prayed", "*ouranos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - heaven", "*hyeton*": "accusative, masculine, singular - rain", "*edōken*": "aorist active, 3rd singular - gave", "*gē*": "nominative, feminine, singular - earth/land", "*eblastēsen*": "aorist active, 3rd singular - brought forth/sprouted", "*ton karpon*": "accusative, masculine, singular - the fruit", "of it": "genitive, feminine, singular - of it/its" }, "variants": { "*palin*": "again/once more", "*prosēuxato*": "he prayed (formal prayer)", "*ouranos*": "heaven/sky", "*hyeton*": "rain/rainfall", "*edōken*": "gave/provided/yielded", "*eblastēsen*": "brought forth/sprouted/yielded", "*karpon*": "fruit/crop/produce" } }

{ "verseID": "James.5.19", "source": "Ἀδελφοί, ἐάν τις ἐν ὑμῖν πλανηθῇ ἀπὸ τῆς ἀληθείας, καὶ ἐπιστρέψῃ τις αὐτόν·", "text": "*Adelphoi*, if *tis en* you *planēthē apo tēs alētheias*, and *epistrepsē tis* him;", "grammar": { "*Adelphoi*": "vocative, masculine, plural - brothers", "*tis*": "indefinite pronoun, nominative - anyone", "*en*": "preposition + dative - among", "you": "dative, 2nd plural - you", "*planēthē*": "aorist passive subjunctive, 3rd singular - might wander/err", "*apo*": "preposition + genitive - from", "*tēs alētheias*": "genitive, feminine, singular - the truth", "*epistrepsē*": "aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular - turns back/brings back", "*tis*": "indefinite pronoun, nominative - anyone", "him": "accusative, masculine, singular - him" }, "variants": { "*Adelphoi*": "brothers/siblings (can include sisters in broader usage)", "*planēthē*": "might wander/err/be led astray", "*alētheias*": "truth/reality (can refer to doctrinal or moral truth)", "*epistrepsē*": "turns back/brings back/converts" } }

{ "verseID": "James.5.20", "source": "Γινωσκέτω, ὅτι ὁ ἐπιστρέψας ἁμαρτωλὸν ἐκ πλάνης ὁδοῦ αὐτοῦ σώσει ψυχὴν ἐκ θανάτου, καὶ καλύψει πλῆθος ἁμαρτιῶν.", "text": "*Ginōsketō*, that the *epistrepsas hamartōlon ek planēs hodou* of him *sōsei psychēn ek thanatou*, and *kalypsei plēthos hamartiōn*.", "grammar": { "*Ginōsketō*": "present active imperative, 3rd singular - let him know", "*epistrepsas*": "aorist active participle, nominative, masculine, singular - having turned back", "*hamartōlon*": "accusative, masculine, singular - sinner", "*ek*": "preposition + genitive - from/out of", "*planēs*": "genitive, feminine, singular - error/wandering", "*hodou*": "genitive, feminine, singular - way/path", "of him": "genitive, masculine, singular - of him/his", "*sōsei*": "future active, 3rd singular - will save", "*psychēn*": "accusative, feminine, singular - soul", "*ek*": "preposition + genitive - from", "*thanatou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - death", "*kalypsei*": "future active, 3rd singular - will cover", "*plēthos*": "accusative, neuter, singular - multitude", "*hamartiōn*": "genitive, feminine, plural - of sins" }, "variants": { "*Ginōsketō*": "let him know/understand/recognize", "*epistrepsas*": "having turned back/converted/brought back", "*hamartōlon*": "sinner/sinful person", "*planēs*": "error/wandering/going astray", "*hodou*": "way/path/road (metaphorical for life course)", "*sōsei psychēn ek thanatou*": "will save a soul from death (could refer to spiritual or physical death)", "*kalypsei*": "will cover/hide/conceal", "*plēthos hamartiōn*": "multitude of sins/many sins" } }