Verse 1

{ "verseID": "Jeremiah.9.1", "source": "מִֽי־יִתְּנֵ֣נִי בַמִּדְבָּ֗ר מְלוֹן֙ אֹֽרְחִ֔ים וְאֶֽעֶזְבָה֙ אֶת־עַמִּ֔י וְאֵלְכָ֖ה מֵֽאִתָּ֑ם כִּ֤י כֻלָּם֙ מְנָ֣אֲפִ֔ים עֲצֶ֖רֶת בֹּגְדִֽים׃", "text": "*mî*-*yittenēnî* in-the-*midbār* *mĕlôn* *'ōrĕḥîm* *wĕ'e'ezbāh* *'et*-*'ammî* *wĕ'ēlĕkāh* from-*'ittām* *kî* *kullām* *mĕnā'ăfîm* *'ăṣeret* *bōgĕdîm*", "grammar": { "*mî*": "interrogative pronoun - who", "*yittenēnî*": "imperfect verb, 3rd person masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - will give me", "*midbār*": "masculine noun, singular with prefixed preposition - in the wilderness", "*mĕlôn*": "masculine noun, construct state - lodging place of", "*'ōrĕḥîm*": "masculine plural noun - travelers/wayfarers", "*wĕ'e'ezbāh*": "conjunction + imperfect verb, 1st person singular cohortative - and I might leave", "*'et*": "direct object marker", "*'ammî*": "masculine noun with 1st person singular suffix - my people", "*wĕ'ēlĕkāh*": "conjunction + imperfect verb, 1st person singular cohortative - and I might go", "*'ittām*": "preposition with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - from them", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*kullām*": "noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - all of them", "*mĕnā'ăfîm*": "masculine plural participle - adulterers", "*'ăṣeret*": "feminine noun, construct state - assembly of", "*bōgĕdîm*": "masculine plural participle - traitors/treacherous ones" }, "variants": { "*mî-yittenēnî*": "who will give me/oh that I had", "*midbār*": "wilderness/desert/uninhabited land", "*mĕlôn*": "lodging place/shelter/inn", "*'ōrĕḥîm*": "travelers/wayfarers/wanderers", "*wĕ'e'ezbāh*": "and I might leave/abandon/forsake", "*wĕ'ēlĕkāh*": "and I might go/depart/walk away", "*mĕnā'ăfîm*": "adulterers/those committing adultery (literal or spiritual)", "*'ăṣeret*": "assembly/gathering/company", "*bōgĕdîm*": "traitors/treacherous ones/deceivers" } }

Verse 2

{ "verseID": "Jeremiah.9.2", "source": "וַֽיַּדְרְכ֤וּ אֶת־לְשׁוֹנָם֙ קַשְׁתָּ֣ם שֶׁ֔קֶר וְלֹ֥א לֶאֱמוּנָ֖ה גָּבְר֣וּ בָאָ֑רֶץ כִּי֩ מֵרָעָ֨ה אֶל־רָעָ֧ה ׀ יָצָ֛אוּ וְאֹתִ֥י לֹֽא־יָדָ֖עוּ נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃", "text": "*wayyadrĕkû* *'et*-*lĕšônām* *qaštām* *šeqer* *wĕlō'* for-*'ĕmûnāh* *gābrû* in-the-*'āreṣ* *kî* from-*rā'āh* to-*rā'āh* *yāṣā'û* *wĕ'ōtî* *lō'*-*yādā'û* *nĕ'um*-*YHWH*", "grammar": { "*wayyadrĕkû*": "waw consecutive + imperfect verb, 3rd person masculine plural - and they bend/draw", "*'et*": "direct object marker", "*lĕšônām*": "feminine noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their tongue", "*qaštām*": "feminine noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their bow", "*šeqer*": "masculine noun - falsehood/lie", "*wĕlō'*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*'ĕmûnāh*": "feminine noun with prefixed preposition - for faithfulness/truth", "*gābrû*": "perfect verb, 3rd person masculine plural - they have grown strong/prevailed", "*'āreṣ*": "feminine noun with prefixed preposition - in the land", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*rā'āh*": "feminine noun with prefixed preposition - from evil/wickedness", "*yāṣā'û*": "perfect verb, 3rd person masculine plural - they have gone out/proceeded", "*wĕ'ōtî*": "conjunction + direct object marker with 1st person singular suffix - and me", "*lō'-yādā'û*": "negative particle + perfect verb, 3rd person masculine plural - they have not known", "*nĕ'um-YHWH*": "construct phrase - declaration of YHWH" }, "variants": { "*wayyadrĕkû*": "and they bend/draw/stretch", "*lĕšônām*": "their tongue/language/speech", "*qaštām*": "their bow/weapon", "*šeqer*": "falsehood/lie/deception", "*'ĕmûnāh*": "faithfulness/truth/reliability", "*gābrû*": "they have grown strong/prevailed/been mighty", "*'āreṣ*": "land/earth/ground", "*rā'āh*": "evil/wickedness/calamity", "*yāṣā'û*": "they have gone out/proceeded/departed", "*yādā'û*": "they have known/acknowledged/recognized", "*nĕ'um*": "declaration/oracle/utterance" } }

Verse 3

{ "verseID": "Jeremiah.9.3", "source": "אִ֤ישׁ מֵרֵעֵ֙הוּ֙ הִשָּׁמֵ֔רוּ וְעַל־כָּל־אָ֖ח אַל־תִּבְטָ֑חוּ כִּ֤י כָל־אָח֙ עָק֣וֹב יַעְקֹ֔ב וְכָל־רֵ֖עַ רָכִ֥יל יַהֲלֹֽךְ׃", "text": "*'îš* from-*rē'ēhû* *hiššāmērû* *wĕ'al*-*kol*-*'āḥ* *'al*-*tibṭāḥû* *kî* *kol*-*'āḥ* *'āqôb* *ya'qōb* *wĕkol*-*rēa'* *rākîl* *yahălōk*", "grammar": { "*'îš*": "masculine noun, singular - man/each person", "*rē'ēhû*": "masculine noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix and prefixed preposition - from his neighbor", "*hiššāmērû*": "imperative verb, 2nd person masculine plural, niphal - be on guard/beware", "*wĕ'al*": "conjunction + preposition - and against", "*kol*": "noun, construct state - all of/every", "*'āḥ*": "masculine noun - brother", "*'al-tibṭāḥû*": "negative particle + imperfect verb, 2nd person masculine plural, jussive - do not trust", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*'āqôb*": "infinitive absolute - supplanting/deceiving", "*ya'qōb*": "imperfect verb, 3rd person masculine singular - he will supplant/deceive", "*wĕkol*": "conjunction + noun, construct state - and every", "*rēa'*": "masculine noun - friend/neighbor", "*rākîl*": "masculine noun - slanderer/talebearer", "*yahălōk*": "imperfect verb, 3rd person masculine singular - he will walk/go about" }, "variants": { "*'îš*": "man/each person/anyone", "*rē'ēhû*": "his neighbor/friend/companion", "*hiššāmērû*": "be on guard/beware/take heed", "*'āḥ*": "brother/kinsman/relative", "*tibṭāḥû*": "trust/have confidence in/rely on", "*'āqôb ya'qōb*": "utterly deceives/thoroughly supplants/completely betrays (emphatic construction)", "*rēa'*": "friend/neighbor/companion", "*rākîl*": "slanderer/talebearer/gossiper", "*yahălōk*": "walks/goes about/proceeds" } }

Verse 4

{ "verseID": "Jeremiah.9.4", "source": "וְאִ֤ישׁ בְּרֵעֵ֙הוּ֙ יְהָתֵ֔לּוּ וֶאֱמֶ֖ת לֹ֣א יְדַבֵּ֑רוּ לִמְּד֧וּ לְשׁוֹנָ֛ם דַּבֶּר־שֶׁ֖קֶר הַעֲוֵ֥ה נִלְאֽוּ׃", "text": "*wĕ'îš* against-*rē'ēhû* *yĕhātēllû* *we'ĕmet* *lō'* *yĕdabbērû* *limdû* *lĕšônām* *dabber*-*šeqer* *ha'ăwēh* *nil'û*", "grammar": { "*wĕ'îš*": "conjunction + masculine noun, singular - and each man", "*rē'ēhû*": "masculine noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix and prefixed preposition - against his neighbor", "*yĕhātēllû*": "imperfect verb, 3rd person masculine plural, piel - they deceive/mock", "*we'ĕmet*": "conjunction + feminine noun - and truth", "*lō'*": "negative particle - not", "*yĕdabbērû*": "imperfect verb, 3rd person masculine plural, piel - they speak", "*limdû*": "perfect verb, 3rd person common plural - they have taught", "*lĕšônām*": "feminine noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their tongue", "*dabber*": "infinitive construct, piel - to speak", "*šeqer*": "masculine noun - falsehood/lie", "*ha'ăwēh*": "infinitive absolute, hiphil - acting perversely", "*nil'û*": "perfect verb, 3rd person common plural, niphal - they are weary/exhausted" }, "variants": { "*rē'ēhû*": "his neighbor/friend/companion", "*yĕhātēllû*": "they deceive/mock/delude", "*'ĕmet*": "truth/faithfulness/reliability", "*yĕdabbērû*": "they speak/tell/declare", "*limdû*": "they have taught/trained/instructed", "*lĕšônām*": "their tongue/language/speech", "*dabber*": "to speak/tell/say", "*šeqer*": "falsehood/lie/deception", "*ha'ăwēh*": "acting perversely/committing iniquity/doing wrong", "*nil'û*": "they are weary/exhausted/tired" } }

Verse 6

{ "verseID": "Jeremiah.9.6", "source": "לָכֵ֗ן כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֔וֹת הִנְנִ֥י צוֹרְפָ֖ם וּבְחַנְתִּ֑ים כִּֽי־אֵ֣יךְ אֶעֱשֶׂ֔ה מִפְּנֵ֖י בַּת־עַמִּֽי׃", "text": "*lākēn* thus *'āmar* *YHWH* *ṣĕbā'ôt* *hinĕnî* *ṣôrĕpām* *ûbĕḥantîm* *kî*-how *'e'ĕśeh* from-*pĕnê* *bat*-*'ammî*", "grammar": { "*lākēn*": "adverb - therefore", "*'āmar*": "perfect verb, 3rd person masculine singular - he has said", "*YHWH*": "divine name", "*ṣĕbā'ôt*": "feminine plural noun - of hosts/armies", "*hinĕnî*": "interjection with 1st person singular suffix - behold me", "*ṣôrĕpām*": "participle, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - refining them", "*ûbĕḥantîm*": "conjunction + perfect verb, 1st person singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - and I will test them", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*'e'ĕśeh*": "imperfect verb, 1st person singular - I will do", "*pĕnê*": "masculine plural noun, construct state with prefixed preposition - from the face of", "*bat*": "feminine noun, construct state - daughter of", "*'ammî*": "masculine noun with 1st person singular suffix - my people" }, "variants": { "*lākēn*": "therefore/thus/for this reason", "*'āmar*": "said/spoke/declared", "*ṣĕbā'ôt*": "of hosts/armies/multitudes", "*hinĕnî*": "behold me/look, I am/here I am", "*ṣôrĕpām*": "refining them/smelting them/purifying them", "*ûbĕḥantîm*": "and I will test them/try them/examine them", "*'e'ĕśeh*": "I will do/act/perform", "*pĕnê*": "face of/presence of/because of", "*bat-'ammî*": "daughter of my people (collective term for the people)" } }

Verse 7

{ "verseID": "Jeremiah.9.7", "source": "חֵ֥ץ *שוחט **שָׁח֛וּט לְשׁוֹנָ֖ם מִרְמָ֣ה דִבֵּ֑ר בְּפִ֗יו שָׁל֤וֹם אֶת־רֵעֵ֙הוּ֙ יְדַבֵּ֔ר וּבְקִרְבּ֖וֹ יָשִׂ֥ים אָרְבּֽוֹ׃", "text": "*ḥēṣ* *šāḥûṭ* *lĕšônām* *mirmāh* *dibbēr* with-*pîw* *šālôm* *'et*-*rē'ēhû* *yĕdabbēr* and-in-*qirbô* *yāśîm* *'orbô*", "grammar": { "*ḥēṣ*": "masculine noun - arrow", "*šāḥûṭ*": "passive participle, masculine singular - sharpened", "*lĕšônām*": "feminine noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their tongue", "*mirmāh*": "feminine noun - deceit/treachery", "*dibbēr*": "perfect verb, 3rd person masculine singular, piel - he has spoken", "*pîw*": "masculine noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix and prefixed preposition - with his mouth", "*šālôm*": "masculine noun - peace", "*'et*": "direct object marker", "*rē'ēhû*": "masculine noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his neighbor", "*yĕdabbēr*": "imperfect verb, 3rd person masculine singular, piel - he speaks", "*qirbô*": "masculine noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix and prefixed preposition - and in his midst/inward part", "*yāśîm*": "imperfect verb, 3rd person masculine singular - he sets/places", "*'orbô*": "masculine noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his ambush" }, "variants": { "*ḥēṣ*": "arrow/shaft/missile", "*šāḥûṭ*": "sharpened/whetted (variant: *šôḥēṭ* - slaughtering/killing)", "*lĕšônām*": "their tongue/language/speech", "*mirmāh*": "deceit/treachery/fraud", "*dibbēr*": "has spoken/declared/uttered", "*pîw*": "his mouth/speech/words", "*šālôm*": "peace/well-being/friendship", "*rē'ēhû*": "his neighbor/friend/companion", "*yĕdabbēr*": "he speaks/talks/tells", "*qirbô*": "his inward part/midst/heart", "*yāśîm*": "he sets/places/puts", "*'orbô*": "his ambush/trap/plot" } }

Verse 9

{ "verseID": "Jeremiah.9.9", "source": "עַל־הֶ֨הָרִ֜ים אֶשָּׂ֧א בְכִ֣י וָנֶ֗הִי וְעַל־נְא֤וֹת מִדְבָּר֙ קִינָ֔ה כִּ֤י נִצְּתוּ֙ מִבְּלִי־אִ֣ישׁ עֹבֵ֔ר וְלֹ֥א שָׁמְע֖וּ ק֣וֹל מִקְנֶ֑ה מֵע֤וֹף הַשָּׁמַ֙יִם֙ וְעַד־בְּהֵמָ֔ה נָדְד֖וּ הָלָֽכוּ׃", "text": "Upon-the-*hārîm* *'eśśā'* *bĕkî* *wānehî* and-upon-*nĕ'ôt* *midbār* *qînāh* *kî* *niṣṣĕtû* from-without-*'îš* *'ōbēr* *wĕlō'* *šāmĕ'û* *qôl* *miqneh* from-*'ôp* *haššāmayim* and-unto-*bĕhēmāh* *nādĕdû* *hālākû*", "grammar": { "*hārîm*": "masculine plural noun with definite article and prefixed preposition - upon the mountains", "*'eśśā'*": "imperfect verb, 1st person singular - I will raise/lift up", "*bĕkî*": "masculine noun - weeping", "*wānehî*": "conjunction + masculine noun - and wailing", "*nĕ'ôt*": "feminine plural noun, construct state with prefixed preposition - and upon pastures of", "*midbār*": "masculine noun - wilderness", "*qînāh*": "feminine noun - lamentation/dirge", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*niṣṣĕtû*": "perfect verb, 3rd person common plural, niphal - they are burned/laid waste", "*'îš*": "masculine noun - man", "*'ōbēr*": "participle, masculine singular - passing by", "*wĕlō'*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*šāmĕ'û*": "perfect verb, 3rd person common plural - they have heard", "*qôl*": "masculine noun, construct state - voice of", "*miqneh*": "masculine noun - livestock", "*'ôp*": "masculine noun, construct state with prefixed preposition - from bird of", "*haššāmayim*": "masculine plural noun with definite article - the heavens", "*bĕhēmāh*": "feminine singular noun with prefixed preposition - unto beast", "*nādĕdû*": "perfect verb, 3rd person common plural - they have fled", "*hālākû*": "perfect verb, 3rd person common plural - they have gone" }, "variants": { "*hārîm*": "mountains/hills/heights", "*'eśśā'*": "I will raise/lift up/carry", "*bĕkî*": "weeping/crying/mourning", "*nehî*": "wailing/lamentation/mourning", "*nĕ'ôt*": "pastures/habitations/dwellings", "*midbār*": "wilderness/desert/uninhabited land", "*qînāh*": "lamentation/dirge/funeral song", "*niṣṣĕtû*": "they are burned/laid waste/desolated", "*'îš 'ōbēr*": "man passing by/traveler/passer-by", "*šāmĕ'û*": "they have heard/listened to/perceived", "*qôl*": "voice/sound/noise", "*miqneh*": "livestock/cattle/possessions", "*'ôp haššāmayim*": "bird of the heavens/flying creature", "*bĕhēmāh*": "beast/animal/cattle", "*nādĕdû*": "they have fled/wandered/departed", "*hālākû*": "they have gone/departed/walked away" } }

Verse 10

{ "verseID": "Jeremiah.9.10", "source": "וְנָתַתִּ֧י אֶת־יְרוּשָׁלַ֛͏ִם לְגַלִּ֖ים מְע֣וֹן תַּנִּ֑ים וְאֶת־עָרֵ֧י יְהוּדָ֛ה אֶתֵּ֥ן שְׁמָמָ֖ה מִבְּלִ֥י יוֹשֵֽׁב׃", "text": "*wĕnātattî* *'et*-*yĕrûšālaim* for-*gallîm* *mĕ'ôn* *tannîm* *wĕ'et*-*'ārê* *yĕhûdāh* *'ettēn* *šĕmāmāh* from-without *yôšēb*", "grammar": { "*wĕnātattî*": "conjunction + perfect verb, 1st person singular - and I will make/give", "*'et*": "direct object marker", "*yĕrûšālaim*": "proper noun - Jerusalem", "*gallîm*": "masculine plural noun with prefixed preposition - for heaps", "*mĕ'ôn*": "masculine noun, construct state - dwelling of", "*tannîm*": "masculine plural noun - jackals", "*wĕ'et*": "conjunction + direct object marker", "*'ārê*": "feminine plural noun, construct state - cities of", "*yĕhûdāh*": "proper noun - Judah", "*'ettēn*": "imperfect verb, 1st person singular - I will make/give", "*šĕmāmāh*": "feminine noun - desolation", "*yôšēb*": "participle, masculine singular - inhabitant" }, "variants": { "*wĕnātattî*": "and I will make/give/place", "*gallîm*": "heaps/ruins/stone piles", "*mĕ'ôn*": "dwelling/habitation/lair", "*tannîm*": "jackals/wild dogs/dragons", "*'ārê*": "cities/towns/settlements", "*'ettēn*": "I will make/give/place", "*šĕmāmāh*": "desolation/waste/ruin", "*yôšēb*": "inhabitant/resident/dweller" } }

Verse 11

{ "verseID": "Jeremiah.9.11", "source": "מִֽי־הָאִ֤ישׁ הֶֽחָכָם֙ וְיָבֵ֣ן אֶת־זֹ֔את וַאֲשֶׁ֨ר דִּבֶּ֧ר פִּֽי־יְהוָ֛ה אֵלָ֖יו וְיַגִּדָ֑הּ עַל־מָה֙ אָבְדָ֣ה הָאָ֔רֶץ נִצְּתָ֥ה כַמִּדְבָּ֖ר מִבְּלִֽי עֹבֵֽר׃", "text": "*mî*-*hā'îš* *heḥākām* *wĕyābēn* *'et*-*zō't* *wa'ăšer* *dibbēr* *pî*-*YHWH* *'ēlāyw* *wĕyaggidāh* for-*māh* *'ābĕdāh* *hā'āreṣ* *niṣṣĕtāh* like-the-*midbār* from-without *'ōbēr*", "grammar": { "*mî*": "interrogative pronoun - who", "*hā'îš*": "masculine noun with definite article - the man", "*heḥākām*": "adjective, masculine singular with definite article - the wise", "*wĕyābēn*": "conjunction + imperfect verb, 3rd person masculine singular, jussive - and let him understand", "*'et*": "direct object marker", "*zō't*": "demonstrative pronoun, feminine singular - this", "*wa'ăšer*": "conjunction + relative particle - and that which", "*dibbēr*": "perfect verb, 3rd person masculine singular, piel - has spoken", "*pî*": "masculine noun, construct state - mouth of", "*YHWH*": "divine name", "*'ēlāyw*": "preposition with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - to him", "*wĕyaggidāh*": "conjunction + imperfect verb, 3rd person masculine singular, hiphil, jussive - and let him declare it", "*māh*": "interrogative pronoun with prefixed preposition - for what reason", "*'ābĕdāh*": "perfect verb, 3rd person feminine singular - has perished", "*hā'āreṣ*": "feminine noun with definite article - the land", "*niṣṣĕtāh*": "perfect verb, 3rd person feminine singular, niphal - has been laid waste", "*midbār*": "masculine noun with prefixed preposition - like the wilderness", "*'ōbēr*": "participle, masculine singular - one passing through" }, "variants": { "*mî*": "who/which person", "*hā'îš heḥākām*": "the wise man/the man who is wise", "*wĕyābēn*": "and let him understand/discern/comprehend", "*dibbēr*": "has spoken/declared/uttered", "*pî-YHWH*": "mouth of YHWH/word of YHWH", "*wĕyaggidāh*": "and let him declare it/announce it/explain it", "*māh*": "what/why/for what reason", "*'ābĕdāh*": "has perished/been destroyed/been ruined", "*hā'āreṣ*": "the land/earth/country", "*niṣṣĕtāh*": "has been laid waste/burned/made desolate", "*midbār*": "wilderness/desert/uninhabited land", "*'ōbēr*": "one passing through/traveler/passer-by" } }

Verse 12

{ "verseID": "Jeremiah.9.12", "source": "וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יְהוָ֔ה עַל־עָזְבָם֙ אֶת־תּ֣וֹרָתִ֔י אֲשֶׁ֥ר נָתַ֖תִּי לִפְנֵיהֶ֑ם וְלֹא־שָׁמְע֥וּ בְקוֹלִ֖י וְלֹא־הָ֥לְכוּ בָֽהּ׃", "text": "*wayyō'mer* *YHWH* for-*'āzĕbām* *'et*-*tôrātî* *'ăšer* *nātattî* before-*pĕnêhem* *wĕlō'*-*šāmĕ'û* in-*qôlî* *wĕlō'*-*hālĕkû* in-*bāh*", "grammar": { "*wayyō'mer*": "waw consecutive + imperfect verb, 3rd person masculine singular - and he said", "*YHWH*": "divine name", "*'āzĕbām*": "infinitive construct with 3rd person masculine plural suffix and prefixed preposition - for their forsaking", "*'et*": "direct object marker", "*tôrātî*": "feminine noun with 1st person singular suffix - my law", "*'ăšer*": "relative particle - which", "*nātattî*": "perfect verb, 1st person singular - I gave", "*pĕnêhem*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix and prefixed preposition - before them", "*wĕlō'*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*šāmĕ'û*": "perfect verb, 3rd person common plural - they listened", "*qôlî*": "masculine noun with 1st person singular suffix and prefixed preposition - to my voice", "*hālĕkû*": "perfect verb, 3rd person common plural - they walked", "*bāh*": "preposition with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - in it" }, "variants": { "*wayyō'mer*": "and he said/spoke/answered", "*'āzĕbām*": "their forsaking/abandoning/leaving", "*tôrātî*": "my law/instruction/teaching", "*nātattî*": "I gave/set/placed", "*pĕnêhem*": "before them/in their presence", "*šāmĕ'û*": "they listened/heard/obeyed", "*qôlî*": "my voice/word/command", "*hālĕkû*": "they walked/went/followed", "*bāh*": "in it/by it/according to it" } }

Verse 14

{ "verseID": "Jeremiah.9.14", "source": "לָכֵ֗ן כֹּֽה־אָמַ֞ר יְהוָ֤ה צְבָאוֹת֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל הִנְנִ֧י מַאֲכִילָ֛ם אֶת־הָעָ֥ם הַזֶּ֖ה לַֽעֲנָ֑ה וְהִשְׁקִיתִ֖ים מֵי־רֹֽאשׁ׃", "text": "*lākēn* thus-*'āmar* *YHWH* *ṣĕbā'ôt* *'ĕlōhê* *yiśrā'ēl* *hinĕnî* *ma'ăkîlām* *'et*-*hā'ām* *hazzeh* *la'ănāh* *wĕhišqîtîm* *mê*-*rō'š*", "grammar": { "*lākēn*": "adverb - therefore", "*'āmar*": "perfect verb, 3rd person masculine singular - he has said", "*YHWH*": "divine name", "*ṣĕbā'ôt*": "feminine plural noun - of hosts", "*'ĕlōhê*": "masculine plural noun, construct state - God of", "*yiśrā'ēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*hinĕnî*": "interjection with 1st person singular suffix - behold me", "*ma'ăkîlām*": "participle, masculine singular, hiphil with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - feeding them", "*'et*": "direct object marker", "*hā'ām*": "masculine noun with definite article - the people", "*hazzeh*": "demonstrative adjective with definite article - this", "*la'ănāh*": "feminine noun - wormwood", "*wĕhišqîtîm*": "conjunction + perfect verb, 1st person singular, hiphil with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - and I will make them drink", "*mê*": "masculine plural noun, construct state - waters of", "*rō'š*": "masculine noun - poison/gall" }, "variants": { "*lākēn*": "therefore/thus/for this reason", "*'āmar*": "said/spoke/declared", "*ṣĕbā'ôt*": "of hosts/armies/multitudes", "*'ĕlōhê*": "God of/deity of", "*hinĕnî*": "behold me/look, I am/here I am", "*ma'ăkîlām*": "feeding them/causing them to eat", "*hā'ām hazzeh*": "this people/these people", "*la'ănāh*": "wormwood/bitterness/poison plant", "*wĕhišqîtîm*": "and I will make them drink/give them to drink", "*mê-rō'š*": "waters of poison/poisonous water/bitter water" } }

Verse 15

{ "verseID": "Jeremiah.9.15", "source": "וַהֲפִֽצוֹתִים֙ בַּגּוֹיִ֔ם אֲשֶׁר֙ לֹ֣א יָֽדְע֔וּ הֵ֖מָּה וַֽאֲבוֹתָ֑ם וְשִׁלַּחְתִּ֤י אַֽחֲרֵיהֶם֙ אֶת־הַחֶ֔רֶב עַ֥ד כַּלּוֹתִ֖י אוֹתָֽם׃", "text": "*wahăpîṣôtîm* among-the-*gôyîm* *'ăšer* *lō'* *yādĕ'û* *hēmmāh* and-*'ăbôtām* *wĕšillaḥtî* after-*'aḥărêhem* *'et*-the-*ḥereb* until *kallôtî* *'ôtām*", "grammar": { "*wahăpîṣôtîm*": "conjunction + perfect verb, 1st person singular, hiphil with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - and I will scatter them", "*gôyîm*": "masculine plural noun with definite article and prefixed preposition - among the nations", "*'ăšer*": "relative particle - whom", "*lō'*": "negative particle - not", "*yādĕ'û*": "perfect verb, 3rd person common plural - they have known", "*hēmmāh*": "personal pronoun, 3rd person masculine plural - they", "*'ăbôtām*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - and their fathers", "*wĕšillaḥtî*": "conjunction + perfect verb, 1st person singular - and I will send", "*'aḥărêhem*": "preposition with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - after them", "*'et*": "direct object marker", "*ḥereb*": "feminine noun with definite article - the sword", "*kallôtî*": "infinitive construct with 1st person singular suffix - my consuming", "*'ôtām*": "direct object marker with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - them" }, "variants": { "*wahăpîṣôtîm*": "and I will scatter them/disperse them/spread them", "*gôyîm*": "nations/peoples/gentiles", "*yādĕ'û*": "they have known/recognized/experienced", "*wĕšillaḥtî*": "and I will send/dispatch/let loose", "*ḥereb*": "sword/war/violence", "*kallôtî*": "my consuming/finishing/completing", "*'ôtām*": "them" } }

Verse 16

{ "verseID": "Jeremiah.9.16", "source": "כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֔וֹת הִתְבּֽוֹנְנ֛וּ וְקִרְא֥וּ לַמְקוֹנְנ֖וֹת וּתְבוֹאֶ֑ינָה וְאֶל־הַחֲכָמ֥וֹת שִׁלְח֖וּ וְתָבֽוֹאנָה׃", "text": "Thus *'āmar* *YHWH* *ṣĕbā'ôt* *hitbônĕnû* *wĕqir'û* to-the-*mĕqônĕnôt* *ûtĕbô'eynāh* and-to-the-*ḥăkāmôt* *šilḥû* *wĕtābô'nāh*", "grammar": { "*'āmar*": "perfect verb, 3rd person masculine singular - has said", "*YHWH*": "divine name", "*ṣĕbā'ôt*": "feminine plural noun - of hosts", "*hitbônĕnû*": "imperative verb, 2nd person masculine plural, hitpael - consider", "*wĕqir'û*": "conjunction + imperative verb, 2nd person masculine plural - and call", "*mĕqônĕnôt*": "feminine plural participle with prefixed preposition and definite article - to the mourning women", "*ûtĕbô'eynāh*": "conjunction + imperfect verb, 3rd person feminine plural - and let them come", "*ḥăkāmôt*": "feminine plural adjective with definite article and prefixed preposition - and to the wise women", "*šilḥû*": "imperative verb, 2nd person masculine plural - send", "*wĕtābô'nāh*": "conjunction + imperfect verb, 3rd person feminine plural - and let them come" }, "variants": { "*'āmar*": "said/spoke/declared", "*ṣĕbā'ôt*": "of hosts/armies/multitudes", "*hitbônĕnû*": "consider/understand/pay attention", "*wĕqir'û*": "and call/summon/invite", "*mĕqônĕnôt*": "mourning women/professional mourners/wailing women", "*ûtĕbô'eynāh*": "and let them come/arrive/appear", "*ḥăkāmôt*": "wise women/skilled women", "*šilḥû*": "send/dispatch/let go", "*wĕtābô'nāh*": "and let them come/arrive/appear" } }

Verse 17

{ "verseID": "Jeremiah.9.17", "source": "וּתְמַהֵ֕רְנָה וְתִשֶּׂ֥נָה עָלֵ֖ינוּ נֶ֑הִי וְתֵרַ֤דְנָה עֵינֵ֙ינוּ֙ דִּמְעָ֔ה וְעַפְעַפֵּ֖ינוּ יִזְּלוּ־מָֽיִם׃", "text": "*ûtĕmahērnāh* *wĕtiśśenāh* over-us *nehî* *wĕtērednāh* *'ênênû* *dim'āh* *wĕ'ap'appênû* *yizzĕlû*-*māyim*", "grammar": { "*ûtĕmahērnāh*": "conjunction + imperfect verb, 3rd person feminine plural, piel - and let them hasten", "*wĕtiśśenāh*": "conjunction + imperfect verb, 3rd person feminine plural, qal - and let them lift up", "*nehî*": "masculine noun - wailing", "*wĕtērednāh*": "conjunction + imperfect verb, 3rd person feminine plural - and let them run down", "*'ênênû*": "feminine dual noun with 1st person plural suffix - our eyes", "*dim'āh*": "feminine noun - tear", "*wĕ'ap'appênû*": "conjunction + masculine plural noun with 1st person plural suffix - and our eyelids", "*yizzĕlû*": "imperfect verb, 3rd person masculine plural - they will flow/gush", "*māyim*": "masculine dual noun - water" }, "variants": { "*ûtĕmahērnāh*": "and let them hasten/hurry/make haste", "*wĕtiśśenāh*": "and let them lift up/raise/bear", "*nehî*": "wailing/lamentation/dirge", "*wĕtērednāh*": "and let them run down/descend/flow down", "*'ênênû*": "our eyes/sight/vision", "*dim'āh*": "tear/weeping/crying", "*wĕ'ap'appênû*": "and our eyelids/eyelashes", "*yizzĕlû*": "they will flow/gush/stream", "*māyim*": "water/waters/liquid" } }

Verse 18

{ "verseID": "Jeremiah.9.18", "source": "כִּ֣י ק֥וֹל נְהִ֛י נִשְׁמַ֥ע מִצִיּ֖וֹן אֵ֣יךְ שֻׁדָּ֑דְנוּ בֹּ֤שְׁנֽוּ מְאֹד֙ כִּֽי־עָזַ֣בְנוּ אָ֔רֶץ כִּ֥י הִשְׁלִ֖יכוּ מִשְׁכְּנוֹתֵֽינוּ׃", "text": "*kî* *qôl* *nĕhî* *nišma'* from-*ṣiyyôn* how *šuddādnû* *bōšnû* extremely *kî*-*'āzabnû* *'āreṣ* *kî* *hišlîkû* *miškĕnôtênû*", "grammar": { "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*qôl*": "masculine noun, construct state - voice of", "*nĕhî*": "masculine noun - wailing", "*nišma'*": "perfect verb, 3rd person masculine singular, niphal - is heard", "*ṣiyyôn*": "proper noun with prefixed preposition - from Zion", "*šuddādnû*": "perfect verb, 1st person plural, pual - we are devastated", "*bōšnû*": "perfect verb, 1st person plural - we are ashamed", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*'āzabnû*": "perfect verb, 1st person plural - we have forsaken", "*'āreṣ*": "feminine noun - land", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*hišlîkû*": "perfect verb, 3rd person common plural, hiphil - they have cast away", "*miškĕnôtênû*": "feminine plural noun with 1st person plural suffix - our dwellings" }, "variants": { "*kî*": "for/because/indeed", "*qôl nĕhî*": "voice of wailing/sound of lamentation", "*nišma'*": "is heard/is perceived/is understood", "*šuddādnû*": "we are devastated/destroyed/plundered", "*bōšnû*": "we are ashamed/disgraced/humiliated", "*'āzabnû*": "we have forsaken/abandoned/left", "*'āreṣ*": "land/earth/country", "*hišlîkû*": "they have cast away/thrown down/abandoned", "*miškĕnôtênû*": "our dwellings/habitations/homes" } }

Verse 19

{ "verseID": "Jeremiah.9.19", "source": "כִּֽי־שְׁמַ֤עְנָה נָשִׁים֙ דְּבַר־יְהוָ֔ה וְתִקַּ֥ח אָזְנְכֶ֖ם דְּבַר־פִּ֑יו וְלַמֵּ֤דְנָה בְנֽוֹתֵיכֶם֙ נֶ֔הִי וְאִשָּׁ֥ה רְעוּתָ֖הּ קִינָֽה׃", "text": "*kî*-*šĕma'nāh* *nāšîm* *dĕbar*-*YHWH* *wĕtiqqaḥ* *'āznĕkem* *dĕbar*-*pîw* *wĕlammēdnāh* *bĕnôtêkem* *nehî* *wĕ'iššāh* *rĕ'ûtāh* *qînāh*", "grammar": { "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*šĕma'nāh*": "imperative verb, 2nd person feminine plural - hear", "*nāšîm*": "feminine plural noun - women", "*dĕbar*": "masculine noun, construct state - word of", "*YHWH*": "divine name", "*wĕtiqqaḥ*": "conjunction + imperfect verb, 3rd person feminine singular, jussive - and let take", "*'āznĕkem*": "feminine singular noun with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your ear", "*dĕbar*": "masculine noun, construct state - word of", "*pîw*": "masculine noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his mouth", "*wĕlammēdnāh*": "conjunction + imperative verb, 2nd person feminine plural, piel - and teach", "*bĕnôtêkem*": "feminine plural noun with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your daughters", "*nehî*": "masculine noun - wailing", "*wĕ'iššāh*": "conjunction + feminine noun - and a woman", "*rĕ'ûtāh*": "feminine noun with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - her neighbor", "*qînāh*": "feminine noun - lamentation" }, "variants": { "*šĕma'nāh*": "hear/listen to/obey", "*nāšîm*": "women/wives/females", "*dĕbar-YHWH*": "word of YHWH/command of YHWH", "*wĕtiqqaḥ*": "and let take/receive/accept", "*'āznĕkem*": "your ear/hearing", "*dĕbar-pîw*": "word of his mouth/utterance from his lips", "*wĕlammēdnāh*": "and teach/instruct/train", "*bĕnôtêkem*": "your daughters/female children", "*nehî*": "wailing/lamentation/dirge", "*rĕ'ûtāh*": "her neighbor/companion/friend", "*qînāh*": "lamentation/dirge/funeral song" } }

Verse 20

{ "verseID": "Jeremiah.9.20", "source": "כִּֽי־עָ֤לָה מָ֙וֶת֙ בְּחַלּוֹנֵ֔ינוּ בָּ֖א בְּאַרְמְנוֹתֵ֑ינוּ לְהַכְרִ֤ית עוֹלָל֙ מִח֔וּץ בַּחוּרִ֖ים מֵרְחֹבֽוֹת׃", "text": "*kî*-*'ālāh* *māwet* through-*ḥallônênû* *bā'* into-*'armĕnôtênû* to-*hakrît* *'ôlāl* from-*ḥûṣ* *baḥûrîm* from-*rĕḥōbôt*", "grammar": { "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*'ālāh*": "perfect verb, 3rd person masculine singular - has come up", "*māwet*": "masculine noun - death", "*ḥallônênû*": "masculine plural noun with 1st person plural suffix and prefixed preposition - through our windows", "*bā'*": "perfect verb, 3rd person masculine singular - it has entered", "*'armĕnôtênû*": "masculine plural noun with 1st person plural suffix and prefixed preposition - into our palaces", "*hakrît*": "infinitive construct, hiphil with prefixed preposition - to cut off", "*'ôlāl*": "masculine singular noun - child", "*ḥûṣ*": "masculine noun with prefixed preposition - from outside", "*baḥûrîm*": "masculine plural noun - young men", "*rĕḥōbôt*": "feminine plural noun with prefixed preposition - from streets" }, "variants": { "*kî*": "for/because/indeed", "*'ālāh*": "has come up/ascended/climbed", "*māwet*": "death/dying/mortality", "*ḥallônênû*": "our windows/openings", "*bā'*": "it has entered/come/arrived", "*'armĕnôtênû*": "our palaces/citadels/fortresses", "*hakrît*": "to cut off/destroy/eliminate", "*'ôlāl*": "child/infant/little one", "*ḥûṣ*": "outside/street/outdoors", "*baḥûrîm*": "young men/youths/chosen ones", "*rĕḥōbôt*": "streets/broad places/public squares" } }

Verse 21

{ "verseID": "Jeremiah.9.21", "source": "דַּבֵּ֗ר כֹּ֚ה נְאֻם־יְהוָ֔ה וְנָֽפְלָה֙ נִבְלַ֣ת הָֽאָדָ֔ם כְּדֹ֖מֶן עַל־פְּנֵ֣י הַשָּׂדֶ֑ה וּכְעָמִ֛יר מֵאַחֲרֵ֥י הַקֹּצֵ֖ר וְאֵ֥ין מְאַסֵּֽף׃", "text": "*dabbēr* thus *nĕ'um*-*YHWH* *wĕnāpĕlāh* *niblat* *hā'ādām* like-*dōmen* upon-*pĕnê* *haśśādeh* and-like-*'āmîr* from-behind *haqqōṣēr* and-*'ên* *mĕ'assēp*", "grammar": { "*dabbēr*": "imperative verb, 2nd person masculine singular, piel - speak", "*nĕ'um*": "masculine noun, construct state - declaration of", "*YHWH*": "divine name", "*wĕnāpĕlāh*": "conjunction + perfect verb with waw consecutive, 3rd person feminine singular - and will fall", "*niblat*": "feminine noun, construct state - corpse of", "*hā'ādām*": "masculine noun with definite article - the man", "*dōmen*": "masculine noun with prefixed preposition - like dung", "*pĕnê*": "masculine plural noun, construct state with prefixed preposition - upon the face of", "*haśśādeh*": "masculine noun with definite article - the field", "*'āmîr*": "masculine noun with prefixed preposition - and like a sheaf", "*haqqōṣēr*": "participle, masculine singular with definite article and prefixed preposition - from behind the reaper", "*'ên*": "negative existential particle - there is not", "*mĕ'assēp*": "participle, masculine singular, piel - gatherer" }, "variants": { "*dabbēr*": "speak/say/tell", "*nĕ'um-YHWH*": "declaration of YHWH/utterance of YHWH", "*wĕnāpĕlāh*": "and will fall/drop/collapse", "*niblat*": "corpse of/carcass of/dead body of", "*hā'ādām*": "the man/humankind/people", "*dōmen*": "dung/manure/refuse", "*pĕnê haśśādeh*": "face of the field/surface of the field", "*'āmîr*": "sheaf/bundle of grain/swath", "*haqqōṣēr*": "the reaper/harvester", "*'ên mĕ'assēp*": "there is no gatherer/no one collecting" } }

Verse 22

{ "verseID": "Jeremiah.9.22", "source": "כֹּ֣ה ׀ אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֗ה אַל־יִתְהַלֵּ֤ל חָכָם֙ בְּחָכְמָת֔וֹ וְאַל־יִתְהַלֵּ֥ל הַגִּבּ֖וֹר בִּגְבֽוּרָת֑וֹ אַל־יִתְהַלֵּ֥ל עָשִׁ֖יר בְּעָשְׁרֽוֹ׃", "text": "Thus *'āmar* *YHWH* *'al*-*yithallēl* *ḥākām* in-*ḥokmātô* *wĕ'al*-*yithallēl* *haggibôr* in-*gĕbûrātô* *'al*-*yithallēl* *'āšîr* in-*'ošrô*", "grammar": { "*'āmar*": "perfect verb, 3rd person masculine singular - has said", "*YHWH*": "divine name", "*'al*": "negative particle - not", "*yithallēl*": "imperfect verb, 3rd person masculine singular, hitpael, jussive - let him boast", "*ḥākām*": "adjective, masculine singular - wise man", "*ḥokmātô*": "feminine noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix and prefixed preposition - in his wisdom", "*wĕ'al*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*haggibôr*": "adjective, masculine singular with definite article - the mighty man", "*gĕbûrātô*": "feminine noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix and prefixed preposition - in his might", "*'āšîr*": "adjective, masculine singular - rich man", "*'ošrô*": "masculine noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix and prefixed preposition - in his riches" }, "variants": { "*'āmar*": "said/spoke/declared", "*'al-yithallēl*": "let him not boast/glory/praise himself", "*ḥākām*": "wise man/sage/scholar", "*ḥokmātô*": "his wisdom/knowledge/understanding", "*haggibôr*": "the mighty man/warrior/hero", "*gĕbûrātô*": "his might/strength/power", "*'āšîr*": "rich man/wealthy person", "*'ošrô*": "his riches/wealth/abundance" } }

Verse 23

{ "verseID": "Jeremiah.9.23", "source": "כִּ֣י אִם־בְּזֹ֞את יִתְהַלֵּ֣ל הַמִּתְהַלֵּ֗ל הַשְׂכֵּל֮ וְיָדֹ֣עַ אוֹתִי֒ כִּ֚י אֲנִ֣י יְהוָ֔ה עֹ֥שֶׂה חֶ֛סֶד מִשְׁפָּ֥ט וּצְדָקָ֖ה בָּאָ֑רֶץ כִּֽי־בְאֵ֥לֶּה חָפַ֖צְתִּי נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃", "text": "*kî* *'im*-in-this *yithallēl* *hammithallēl* *haśkēl* *wĕyādōa'* *'ôtî* *kî* *'ănî* *YHWH* *'ōśeh* *ḥesed* *mišpāṭ* *ûṣĕdāqāh* in-the-*'āreṣ* *kî*-in-these *ḥāpaṣtî* *nĕ'um*-*YHWH*", "grammar": { "*kî*": "conjunction - but/rather", "*'im*": "conditional particle - if", "*yithallēl*": "imperfect verb, 3rd person masculine singular, hitpael, jussive - let him boast", "*hammithallēl*": "participle, masculine singular, hitpael with definite article - the one boasting", "*haśkēl*": "infinitive absolute, hiphil - understanding", "*wĕyādōa'*": "conjunction + infinitive absolute - and knowing", "*'ôtî*": "direct object marker with 1st person singular suffix - me", "*kî*": "conjunction - that", "*'ănî*": "1st person singular pronoun - I", "*YHWH*": "divine name", "*'ōśeh*": "participle, masculine singular - doing/practicing", "*ḥesed*": "masculine noun - lovingkindness", "*mišpāṭ*": "masculine noun - justice", "*ûṣĕdāqāh*": "conjunction + feminine noun - and righteousness", "*'āreṣ*": "feminine noun with prefixed preposition - in the earth", "*kî*": "conjunction - for", "*ḥāpaṣtî*": "perfect verb, 1st person singular - I delight", "*nĕ'um-YHWH*": "construct phrase - declaration of YHWH" }, "variants": { "*kî 'im*": "but rather/except in/only in", "*yithallēl*": "let him boast/glory/praise himself", "*hammithallēl*": "the one boasting/glorying/priding himself", "*haśkēl wĕyādōa'*": "understanding and knowing (emphatic construction)", "*'ôtî*": "me/myself", "*'ōśeh*": "doing/practicing/performing", "*ḥesed*": "lovingkindness/steadfast love/mercy", "*mišpāṭ*": "justice/judgment/right", "*ûṣĕdāqāh*": "and righteousness/equity/virtue", "*'āreṣ*": "earth/land/world", "*ḥāpaṣtî*": "I delight/take pleasure/desire", "*nĕ'um-YHWH*": "declaration of YHWH/utterance of YHWH" } }

Verse 25

{ "verseID": "Jeremiah.9.25", "source": "עַל־מִצְרַ֣יִם וְעַל־יְהוּדָ֗ה וְעַל־אֱד֞וֹם וְעַל־בְּנֵ֤י עַמּוֹן֙ וְעַל־מוֹאָ֔ב וְעַל֙ כָּל־קְצוּצֵ֣י פֵאָ֔ה הַיֹּשְׁבִ֖ים בַּמִּדְבָּ֑ר כִּ֤י כָל־הַגּוֹיִם֙ עֲרֵלִ֔ים וְכָל־בֵּ֥ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל עַרְלֵי־לֵֽב׃", "text": "Upon-*miṣrayim* and-upon-*yĕhûdāh* and-upon-*'ĕdôm* and-upon-*bĕnê* *'ammôn* and-upon-*mô'āb* and-upon-all-*qĕṣûṣê* *pē'āh* the-*yōšĕbîm* in-the-*midbār* *kî* all-the-*gôyîm* *'ărēlîm* and-all-*bêt* *yiśrā'ēl* *'arlê*-*lēb*", "grammar": { "*miṣrayim*": "proper noun with prefixed preposition - upon Egypt", "*yĕhûdāh*": "proper noun with prefixed preposition - and upon Judah", "*'ĕdôm*": "proper noun with prefixed preposition - and upon Edom", "*bĕnê*": "masculine plural noun, construct state with prefixed preposition - and upon sons of", "*'ammôn*": "proper noun - Ammon", "*mô'āb*": "proper noun with prefixed preposition - and upon Moab", "*qĕṣûṣê*": "passive participle, masculine plural, construct state with prefixed preposition - and upon all those cutting", "*pē'āh*": "feminine noun - corner/side", "*yōšĕbîm*": "participle, masculine plural with definite article - the ones dwelling", "*midbār*": "masculine noun with prefixed preposition - in the wilderness", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*gôyîm*": "masculine plural noun with definite article - the nations", "*'ărēlîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - uncircumcised", "*bêt*": "masculine noun, construct state - house of", "*yiśrā'ēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*'arlê*": "adjective, masculine plural, construct state - uncircumcised of", "*lēb*": "masculine noun - heart" }, "variants": { "*qĕṣûṣê pē'āh*": "those who cut the corners [of their hair]/those with trimmed edges/those with hair clipped at the temples", "*yōšĕbîm*": "those dwelling/living/inhabiting", "*midbār*": "wilderness/desert/uninhabited land", "*'ărēlîm*": "uncircumcised/unclean/impure", "*'arlê-lēb*": "uncircumcised of heart/stubborn/unreceptive" } }