{ "verseID": "Joel.2.1", "source": "תִּקְע֨וּ שׁוֹפָ֜ר בְּצִיּ֗וֹן וְהָרִ֙יעוּ֙ בְּהַ֣ר קָדְשִׁ֔י יִרְגְּז֕וּ כֹּ֖ל יֹשְׁבֵ֣י הָאָ֑רֶץ כִּֽי־בָ֥א יוֹם־יְהוָ֖ה כִּ֥י קָרֽוֹב׃", "text": "*Tiqʿû* *shôfār* in *Tsiyôn* and *hārîʿû* in *har* *qodshî* *yirgezû* all *yōshebê* the *hāʾārets* because-*bāʾ* *yôm*-*YHWH* because *qārôb*.", "grammar": { "*Tiqʿû*": "imperative, 2nd person plural - blow/sound [command]", "*shôfār*": "masculine singular noun - trumpet/ram's horn", "*Tsiyôn*": "proper noun - Zion", "*hārîʿû*": "hiphil imperative, 2nd person plural - sound an alarm/shout", "*har*": "masculine singular construct - mountain of", "*qodshî*": "masculine singular noun with 1st person singular suffix - my holiness/my holy", "*yirgezû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person plural - they will tremble/be agitated", "*yōshebê*": "masculine plural construct participle - inhabitants of/dwellers of", "*hāʾārets*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - the land/the earth", "*bāʾ*": "qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - has come", "*yôm*": "masculine singular construct - day of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the divine name", "*qārôb*": "masculine singular adjective - near/at hand" }, "variants": { "*Tiqʿû*": "blow/sound/blast", "*shôfār*": "ram's horn/trumpet", "*hārîʿû*": "sound an alarm/shout/make a loud noise", "*yirgezû*": "tremble/be agitated/be disturbed", "*hāʾārets*": "the land/the earth/the ground", "*bāʾ*": "has come/is coming", "*qārôb*": "near/imminent/approaching" } }

{ "verseID": "Joel.2.2", "source": "י֧וֹם חֹ֣שֶׁךְ וַאֲפֵלָ֗ה י֤וֹם עָנָן֙ וַעֲרָפֶ֔ל כְּשַׁ֖חַר פָּרֻ֣שׂ עַל־הֶֽהָרִ֑ים עַ֚ם רַ֣ב וְעָצ֔וּם כָּמֹ֗הוּ לֹ֤א נִֽהְיָה֙ מִן־הָ֣עוֹלָ֔ם וְאַֽחֲרָיו֙ לֹ֣א יוֹסֵ֔ף עַד־שְׁנֵ֖י דּ֥וֹר וָדֽוֹר׃", "text": "*Yôm* *ḥōshekh* and-*ʾăfēlâ* *yôm* *ʿānān* and-*ʿărāfel* like-*shaḥar* *pārūs* upon-the-*hehārîm* *ʿam* *rab* and-*ʿātsûm* like-*kāmōhû* not *nihyâ* from-the-*hāʿôlām* and-*ʾaḥărāyw* not *yôsēf* until-*shenê* *dôr* and-*dôr*.", "grammar": { "*Yôm*": "masculine singular construct - day of", "*ḥōshekh*": "masculine singular noun - darkness", "*ʾăfēlâ*": "feminine singular noun - gloom/thick darkness", "*ʿānān*": "masculine singular noun - cloud", "*ʿărāfel*": "masculine singular noun - thick darkness/heavy cloud", "*shaḥar*": "masculine singular noun - dawn/daybreak", "*pārūs*": "qal passive participle, masculine singular - spread/stretched", "*hehārîm*": "masculine plural noun with definite article - the mountains", "*ʿam*": "masculine singular noun - people/nation", "*rab*": "masculine singular adjective - great/numerous/many", "*ʿātsûm*": "masculine singular adjective - mighty/strong", "*kāmōhû*": "preposition with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - like it", "*nihyâ*": "niphal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - has been/occurred", "*hāʿôlām*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the eternity/ancient times", "*ʾaḥărāyw*": "preposition with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - after it", "*yôsēf*": "hophal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - will be added/will occur again", "*shenê*": "construct plural of 'year' - years of", "*dôr*": "masculine singular noun - generation" }, "variants": { "*ḥōshekh*": "darkness/obscurity", "*ʾăfēlâ*": "gloom/thick darkness", "*ʿānān*": "cloud/cloudy mass", "*ʿărāfel*": "thick darkness/heavy cloud/gloom", "*shaḥar*": "dawn/daybreak/morning light", "*pārūs*": "spread/stretched/dispersed", "*ʿam*": "people/nation/army", "*rab*": "great/numerous/many/abundant", "*ʿātsûm*": "mighty/strong/powerful", "*nihyâ*": "has been/occurred/existed", "*hāʿôlām*": "the eternity/ancient times/antiquity", "*yôsēf*": "will be added/will occur again/will be repeated" } }

{ "verseID": "Joel.2.3", "source": "לְפָנָיו֙ אָ֣כְלָה אֵ֔שׁ וְאַחֲרָ֖יו תְּלַהֵ֣ט לֶֽהָבָ֑ה כְּגַן־עֵ֨דֶן הָאָ֜רֶץ לְפָנָ֗יו וְאַֽחֲרָיו֙ מִדְבַּ֣ר שְׁמָמָ֔ה וְגַם־פְּלֵיטָ֖ה לֹא־הָ֥יְתָה לּֽוֹ׃", "text": "*Lefānāyw* *ʾākhelâ* *ʾēsh* and-*ʾaḥărāyw* *telahet* *lehābâ* like-garden-*ʿēden* the-*hāʾārets* *lefānāyw* and-*ʾaḥărāyw* *midbar* *shemāmâ* and-also-*pelêtâ* not-*hāyetâ* to-him.", "grammar": { "*Lefānāyw*": "preposition with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - before him", "*ʾākhelâ*": "qal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - consumes/devours", "*ʾēsh*": "feminine singular noun - fire", "*ʾaḥărāyw*": "preposition with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - after him/behind him", "*telahet*": "piel imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular - sets ablaze/burns", "*lehābâ*": "feminine singular noun - flame", "*ʿēden*": "proper noun - Eden", "*hāʾārets*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - the land/earth", "*midbar*": "masculine singular construct - wilderness of", "*shemāmâ*": "feminine singular noun - desolation/wasteland", "*pelêtâ*": "feminine singular noun - escape/deliverance", "*hāyetâ*": "qal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - was/existed", "to-him": "prepositional phrase with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - to him/for him" }, "variants": { "*ʾākhelâ*": "consumes/devours/eats", "*telahet*": "sets ablaze/burns/inflames", "*lehābâ*": "flame/blaze", "*midbar*": "wilderness/desert/uninhabited land", "*shemāmâ*": "desolation/wasteland/devastation", "*pelêtâ*": "escape/deliverance/survivor" } }

{ "verseID": "Joel.2.4", "source": "כְּמַרְאֵ֥ה סוּסִ֖ים מַרְאֵ֑הוּ וּכְפָרָשִׁ֖ים כֵּ֥ן יְרוּצֽוּן׃", "text": "Like-*marʾēh* *sûsîm* *marʾēhû* and-like-*fārāshîm* so *yerûtsûn*.", "grammar": { "*marʾēh*": "masculine singular construct - appearance of", "*sûsîm*": "masculine plural noun - horses", "*marʾēhû*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - its appearance", "*fārāshîm*": "masculine plural noun - horsemen/cavalry", "*yerûtsûn*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they run" }, "variants": { "*marʾēh*": "appearance/sight/vision", "*sûsîm*": "horses/steeds", "*fārāshîm*": "horsemen/cavalry/war horses", "*yerûtsûn*": "they run/they dash/they race" } }

{ "verseID": "Joel.2.5", "source": "כְּק֣וֹל מַרְכָּב֗וֹת עַל־רָאשֵׁ֤י הֶֽהָרִים֙ יְרַקֵּד֔וּן כְּקוֹל֙ לַ֣הַב אֵ֔שׁ אֹכְלָ֖ה קָ֑שׁ כְּעַ֣ם עָצ֔וּם עֱר֖וּךְ מִלְחָמָֽה׃", "text": "Like-*qôl* *merkābôt* upon-*rāʾshê* the-*hehārîm* *yeraqēdûn* like-*qôl* *lahab* *ʾēsh* *ʾōkhelâ* *qāsh* like-*ʿam* *ʿātsûm* *ʿărûkh* *milḥāmâ*.", "grammar": { "*qôl*": "masculine singular construct - sound of", "*merkābôt*": "feminine plural noun - chariots", "*rāʾshê*": "masculine plural construct - tops of/heads of", "*hehārîm*": "masculine plural noun with definite article - the mountains", "*yeraqēdûn*": "piel imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they leap/skip", "*lahab*": "masculine singular construct - flame of", "*ʾēsh*": "feminine singular noun - fire", "*ʾōkhelâ*": "qal participle, feminine singular - consuming/devouring", "*qāsh*": "masculine singular noun - stubble/straw", "*ʿam*": "masculine singular construct - people of", "*ʿātsûm*": "masculine singular adjective - mighty/strong", "*ʿărûkh*": "qal passive participle, masculine singular - arranged/set in order", "*milḥāmâ*": "feminine singular noun - battle/war" }, "variants": { "*qôl*": "sound/noise/voice", "*merkābôt*": "chariots/war vehicles", "*yeraqēdûn*": "they leap/they skip/they dance/they bound", "*lahab*": "flame/blaze", "*ʾōkhelâ*": "consuming/devouring/eating", "*qāsh*": "stubble/straw/chaff", "*ʿātsûm*": "mighty/strong/powerful", "*ʿărûkh*": "arranged/set in order/prepared" } }

{ "verseID": "Joel.2.6", "source": "מִפָּנָ֖יו יָחִ֣ילוּ עַמִּ֑ים כָּל־פָּנִ֖ים קִבְּצ֥וּ פָארֽוּר׃", "text": "From-*pānāyw* *yāḥîlû* *ʿammîm* all-*pānîm* *qibbetsû* *pāʾrûr*.", "grammar": { "*pānāyw*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his face/his presence", "*yāḥîlû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they writhe/they are in anguish", "*ʿammîm*": "masculine plural noun - peoples/nations", "*pānîm*": "masculine plural noun - faces", "*qibbetsû*": "piel perfect, 3rd person plural - they gather/collect", "*pāʾrûr*": "masculine singular noun - glow/redness/paleness" }, "variants": { "*yāḥîlû*": "they writhe/they are in anguish/they tremble", "*ʿammîm*": "peoples/nations/tribes", "*qibbetsû*": "they gather/collect/draw in", "*pāʾrûr*": "glow/redness/paleness/blackness" } }

{ "verseID": "Joel.2.7", "source": "כְּגִבּוֹרִ֣ים יְרֻצ֔וּן כְּאַנְשֵׁ֥י מִלְחָמָ֖ה יַעֲל֣וּ חוֹמָ֑ה וְאִ֤ישׁ בִּדְרָכָיו֙ יֵֽלֵכ֔וּן וְלֹ֥א יְעַבְּט֖וּן אֹרְחוֹתָֽם׃", "text": "Like-*gibbôrîm* *yerūtsûn* like-*ʾanshê* *milḥāmâ* *yaʿălû* *ḥômâ* and-*ʾîsh* in-*derākhāyw* *yēlēkhûn* and-not *yeʿabbetûn* *ʾōreḥôtām*.", "grammar": { "*gibbôrîm*": "masculine plural noun - mighty men/warriors", "*yerūtsûn*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they run", "*ʾanshê*": "masculine plural construct - men of", "*milḥāmâ*": "feminine singular noun - war/battle", "*yaʿălû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they climb/ascend", "*ḥômâ*": "feminine singular noun - wall", "*ʾîsh*": "masculine singular noun - man/each one", "*derākhāyw*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his ways", "*yēlēkhûn*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they walk/go", "*yeʿabbetûn*": "piel imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they change/deviate", "*ʾōreḥôtām*": "feminine plural noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their paths" }, "variants": { "*gibbôrîm*": "mighty men/warriors/heroes", "*yerūtsûn*": "they run/race/dash", "*ʾanshê*": "men of/people of", "*yaʿălû*": "they climb/ascend/go up", "*yēlēkhûn*": "they walk/go/proceed", "*yeʿabbetûn*": "they change/deviate/turn aside/entangle" } }

{ "verseID": "Joel.2.8", "source": "וְאִ֤ישׁ אָחִיו֙ לֹ֣א יִדְחָק֔וּן גֶּ֥בֶר בִּמְסִלָּת֖וֹ יֵֽלֵכ֑וּן וּבְעַ֥ד הַשֶּׁ֛לַח יִפֹּ֖לוּ לֹ֥א יִבְצָֽעוּ׃", "text": "And-*ʾîsh* *ʾāḥîw* not *yidḥāqûn* *geber* in-*mesillātô* *yēlēkhûn* and-through the-*shelaḥ* *yippōlû* not *yibtsāʿû*.", "grammar": { "*ʾîsh*": "masculine singular noun - man/each one", "*ʾāḥîw*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his brother", "*yidḥāqûn*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they press/crowd", "*geber*": "masculine singular noun - man/strong man", "*mesillātô*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his path/highway", "*yēlēkhûn*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they walk/go", "*shelaḥ*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - weapon/missile/javelin", "*yippōlû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they fall", "*yibtsāʿû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they break off/cut off" }, "variants": { "*yidḥāqûn*": "they press/crowd/jostle/thrust", "*geber*": "man/strong man/mighty man", "*mesillātô*": "his path/highway/course", "*shelaḥ*": "weapon/missile/javelin/defense", "*yippōlû*": "they fall/drop/collapse", "*yibtsāʿû*": "they break off/cut off/cease/are wounded" } }

{ "verseID": "Joel.2.9", "source": "בָּעִ֣יר יָשֹׁ֗קּוּ בַּֽחוֹמָה֙ יְרֻצ֔וּן בַּבָּתִּ֖ים יַעֲל֑וּ בְּעַ֧ד הַחַלּוֹנִ֛ים יָבֹ֖אוּ כַּגַּנָּֽב׃", "text": "In-the-*ʿîr* *yāshōqqû* in-the-*ḥômâ* *yerūtsûn* in-the-*bāttîm* *yaʿălû* through the-*ḥallônîm* *yābōʾû* like-the-*gannāb*.", "grammar": { "*ʿîr*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - the city", "*yāshōqqû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they rush/swarm", "*ḥômâ*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - the wall", "*yerūtsûn*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they run", "*bāttîm*": "masculine plural noun with definite article - the houses", "*yaʿălû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they climb/ascend", "*ḥallônîm*": "masculine plural noun with definite article - the windows", "*yābōʾû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they come/enter", "*gannāb*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the thief" }, "variants": { "*yāshōqqû*": "they rush/swarm/surge/run to and fro", "*yerūtsûn*": "they run/race/dash", "*yaʿălû*": "they climb/ascend/go up", "*yābōʾû*": "they come/enter/arrive" } }

{ "verseID": "Joel.2.10", "source": "לְפָנָיו֙ רָ֣גְזָה אֶ֔רֶץ רָעֲשׁ֖וּ שָׁמָ֑יִם שֶׁ֤מֶשׁ וְיָרֵ֙חַ֙ קָדָ֔רוּ וְכוֹכָבִ֖ים אָסְפ֥וּ נָגְהָֽם׃", "text": "Before-*pānāyw* *rāgezâ* *ʾerets* *rāʿăshû* *shāmāyim* *shemesh* and-*yārēaḥ* *qādārû* and-*kôkhābîm* *ʾāsefû* *nāgehām*.", "grammar": { "*pānāyw*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his face/his presence", "*rāgezâ*": "qal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - quakes/trembles", "*ʾerets*": "feminine singular noun - earth/land", "*rāʿăshû*": "qal perfect, 3rd person plural - shake/quake", "*shāmāyim*": "masculine dual noun - heavens/sky", "*shemesh*": "feminine singular noun - sun", "*yārēaḥ*": "masculine singular noun - moon", "*qādārû*": "qal perfect, 3rd person plural - become dark/become black", "*kôkhābîm*": "masculine plural noun - stars", "*ʾāsefû*": "qal perfect, 3rd person plural - withdraw/gather in", "*nāgehām*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their brightness" }, "variants": { "*rāgezâ*": "quakes/trembles/is agitated", "*rāʿăshû*": "shake/quake/tremble", "*qādārû*": "become dark/become black/mourn", "*ʾāsefû*": "withdraw/gather in/take away" } }

{ "verseID": "Joel.2.11", "source": "וַֽיהוָ֗ה נָתַ֤ן קוֹלוֹ֙ לִפְנֵ֣י חֵיל֔וֹ כִּ֣י רַ֤ב מְאֹד֙ מַחֲנֵ֔הוּ כִּ֥י עָצ֖וּם עֹשֵׂ֣ה דְבָר֑וֹ כִּֽי־גָד֧וֹל יוֹם־יְהוָ֛ה וְנוֹרָ֥א מְאֹ֖ד וּמִ֥י יְכִילֶֽנּוּ׃", "text": "And-*YHWH* *nātan* *qôlô* before *ḥêlô* because *rab* very *maḥănēhû* because *ʿātsûm* *ʿōsēh* *debārô* because-*gādôl* *yôm*-*YHWH* and-*nôrāʾ* very and-who *yekhîlennû*.", "grammar": { "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*nātan*": "qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - gives/utters", "*qôlô*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his voice", "*ḥêlô*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his army", "*rab*": "masculine singular adjective - great/numerous", "*maḥănēhû*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his camp/host", "*ʿātsûm*": "masculine singular adjective - mighty/strong", "*ʿōsēh*": "qal participle, masculine singular - doer of/performer of", "*debārô*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his word", "*gādôl*": "masculine singular adjective - great/large", "*yôm*": "masculine singular construct - day of", "*nôrāʾ*": "niphal participle, masculine singular - feared/dreadful", "*yekhîlennû*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - can endure it" }, "variants": { "*nātan*": "gives/utters/puts forth", "*qôlô*": "his voice/his thunder", "*rab*": "great/numerous/abundant", "*ʿātsûm*": "mighty/strong/powerful", "*ʿōsēh*": "doer of/performer of/executor of", "*gādôl*": "great/large/mighty", "*nôrāʾ*": "feared/dreadful/awesome/terrible", "*yekhîlennû*": "can endure it/can bear it/can contain it" } }

{ "verseID": "Joel.2.12", "source": "וְגַם־עַתָּה֙ נְאֻם־יְהוָ֔ה שֻׁ֥בוּ עָדַ֖י בְּכָל־לְבַבְכֶ֑ם וּבְצ֥וֹם וּבְבְכִ֖י וּבְמִסְפֵּֽד׃", "text": "And-also-now *neʾum*-*YHWH* *shūbû* to-me with-all-*lebabkhem* and-with-*tsôm* and-with-*bekhî* and-with-*mispēd*.", "grammar": { "*neʾum*": "masculine singular construct - declaration of/utterance of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*shūbû*": "qal imperative, 2nd person masculine plural - return/turn", "*lebabkhem*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your heart", "*tsôm*": "masculine singular noun - fasting", "*bekhî*": "masculine singular noun - weeping", "*mispēd*": "masculine singular noun - mourning/lamentation" }, "variants": { "*neʾum*": "declaration of/utterance of/oracle of", "*shūbû*": "return/turn/repent", "*tsôm*": "fasting/fast", "*bekhî*": "weeping/crying", "*mispēd*": "mourning/lamentation/wailing" } }

{ "verseID": "Joel.2.13", "source": "וְקִרְע֤וּ לְבַבְכֶם֙ וְאַל־בִּגְדֵיכֶ֔ם וְשׁ֖וּבוּ אֶל־יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶ֑ם כִּֽי־חַנּ֤וּן וְרַחוּם֙ ה֔וּא אֶ֤רֶךְ אַפַּ֙יִם֙ וְרַב־חֶ֔סֶד וְנִחָ֖ם עַל־הָרָעָֽה׃", "text": "And-*qirʿû* *lebabkhem* and-not-*bigdêkhem* and-*shûbû* to-*YHWH* *ʾĕlōhêkhem* because-*ḥannûn* and-*raḥûm* *hûʾ* *ʾerekh* *ʾappayim* and-*rab*-*ḥesed* and-*niḥām* upon-the-*hārāʿâ*.", "grammar": { "*qirʿû*": "qal imperative, 2nd person masculine plural - tear/rend", "*lebabkhem*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your heart", "*bigdêkhem*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your garments", "*shûbû*": "qal imperative, 2nd person masculine plural - return/turn", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*ʾĕlōhêkhem*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your God", "*ḥannûn*": "masculine singular adjective - gracious", "*raḥûm*": "masculine singular adjective - compassionate", "*hûʾ*": "3rd person masculine singular pronoun - he", "*ʾerekh*": "masculine singular construct - long of", "*ʾappayim*": "masculine dual noun - nostrils/anger", "*rab*": "masculine singular construct - abundant of", "*ḥesed*": "masculine singular noun - lovingkindness/steadfast love", "*niḥām*": "niphal participle, masculine singular - relenting/compassionate", "*hārāʿâ*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - the evil/calamity" }, "variants": { "*qirʿû*": "tear/rend/split", "*ḥannûn*": "gracious/merciful/favorable", "*raḥûm*": "compassionate/merciful", "*ʾerekh* *ʾappayim*": "slow to anger/patient/longsuffering", "*rab*-*ḥesed*": "abundant in lovingkindness/great in steadfast love", "*niḥām*": "relenting/compassionate/repenting", "*hārāʿâ*": "the evil/calamity/disaster/harm" } }

{ "verseID": "Joel.2.14", "source": "מִ֥י יוֹדֵ֖עַ יָשׁ֣וּב וְנִחָ֑ם וְהִשְׁאִ֤יר אַֽחֲרָיו֙ בְּרָכָ֔ה מִנְחָ֣ה וָנֶ֔סֶךְ לַיהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶֽם׃ פ", "text": "Who *yôdēaʿ* *yāshûb* and-*niḥām* and-*hishʾîr* *ʾaḥărāyw* *berākhâ* *minḥâ* and-*nesekh* to-*YHWH* *ʾĕlōhêkhem*.", "grammar": { "*yôdēaʿ*": "qal participle, masculine singular - knowing", "*yāshûb*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he will return/turn", "*niḥām*": "niphal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he will relent/repent", "*hishʾîr*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he will leave", "*ʾaḥărāyw*": "preposition with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - behind him/after him", "*berākhâ*": "feminine singular noun - blessing", "*minḥâ*": "feminine singular noun - grain offering", "*nesekh*": "masculine singular noun - drink offering", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*ʾĕlōhêkhem*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your God" }, "variants": { "*yôdēaʿ*": "knowing/who knows", "*yāshûb*": "he will return/turn/repent", "*niḥām*": "he will relent/repent/have compassion", "*hishʾîr*": "he will leave/leave behind/leave over", "*berākhâ*": "blessing/gift", "*minḥâ*": "grain offering/tribute/gift", "*nesekh*": "drink offering/libation" } }

{ "verseID": "Joel.2.15", "source": "תִּקְע֥וּ שׁוֹפָ֖ר בְּצִיּ֑וֹן קַדְּשׁוּ־צ֖וֹם קִרְא֥וּ עֲצָרָֽה׃", "text": "*Tiqʿû* *shôfār* in-*Tsiyôn* *qaddeshû*-*tsôm* *qirʾû* *ʿătsārâ*.", "grammar": { "*Tiqʿû*": "qal imperative, 2nd person masculine plural - blow/sound", "*shôfār*": "masculine singular noun - trumpet/ram's horn", "*Tsiyôn*": "proper noun - Zion", "*qaddeshû*": "piel imperative, 2nd person masculine plural - consecrate/sanctify", "*tsôm*": "masculine singular noun - fast", "*qirʾû*": "qal imperative, 2nd person masculine plural - call/proclaim", "*ʿătsārâ*": "feminine singular noun - solemn assembly" }, "variants": { "*Tiqʿû*": "blow/sound/blast", "*qaddeshû*": "consecrate/sanctify/set apart", "*qirʾû*": "call/proclaim/summon", "*ʿătsārâ*": "solemn assembly/sacred gathering" } }

{ "verseID": "Joel.2.16", "source": "אִסְפוּ־עָ֞ם קַדְּשׁ֤וּ קָהָל֙ קִבְצ֣וּ זְקֵנִ֔ים אִסְפוּ֙ עֽוֹלָלִ֔ים וְיֹנְקֵ֖י שָׁדָ֑יִם יֵצֵ֤א חָתָן֙ מֵֽחֶדְר֔וֹ וְכַלָּ֖ה מֵחֻפָּתָֽהּ׃", "text": "*ʾIsfû*-*ʿām* *qaddeshû* *qāhāl* *qibtsû* *zeqēnîm* *ʾisfû* *ʿôlālîm* and-*yōneqê* *shādāyim* *yētsēʾ* *ḥātān* from-*ḥedrô* and-*kallâ* from-*ḥuppātāh*.", "grammar": { "*ʾIsfû*": "qal imperative, 2nd person masculine plural - gather/assemble", "*ʿām*": "masculine singular noun - people", "*qaddeshû*": "piel imperative, 2nd person masculine plural - consecrate/sanctify", "*qāhāl*": "masculine singular noun - assembly/congregation", "*qibtsû*": "qal imperative, 2nd person masculine plural - gather/collect", "*zeqēnîm*": "masculine plural noun - elders/old men", "*ʾisfû*": "qal imperative, 2nd person masculine plural - gather/assemble", "*ʿôlālîm*": "masculine plural noun - children/infants", "*yōneqê*": "masculine plural construct - sucklings of", "*shādāyim*": "masculine dual noun - breasts", "*yētsēʾ*": "qal imperfect jussive, 3rd person masculine singular - let him go out", "*ḥātān*": "masculine singular noun - bridegroom", "*ḥedrô*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his chamber", "*kallâ*": "feminine singular noun - bride", "*ḥuppātāh*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - her chamber/canopy" }, "variants": { "*ʾIsfû*": "gather/assemble/collect", "*qaddeshû*": "consecrate/sanctify/set apart", "*qibtsû*": "gather/collect/assemble", "*ʿôlālîm*": "children/infants/babes", "*yōneqê*": "sucklings of/nursing children", "*yētsēʾ*": "let him go out/come out/depart", "*ḥātān*": "bridegroom/son-in-law", "*ḥedrô*": "his chamber/room/inner room", "*ḥuppātāh*": "her chamber/canopy/bridal chamber" } }

{ "verseID": "Joel.2.17", "source": "בֵּ֤ין הָאוּלָם֙ וְלַמִּזְבֵּ֔חַ יִבְכּוּ֙ הַכֹּ֣הֲנִ֔ים מְשָׁרְתֵ֖י יְהוָ֑ה וְֽיֹאמְר֞וּ ח֧וּסָה יְהוָ֣ה עַל־עַמֶּ֗ךָ וְאַל־תִּתֵּ֨ן נַחֲלָתְךָ֤ לְחֶרְפָּה֙ לִמְשָׁל־בָּ֣ם גּוֹיִ֔ם לָ֚מָּה יֹאמְר֣וּ בָֽעַמִּ֔ים אַיֵּ֖ה אֱלֹהֵיהֶֽם׃", "text": "Between the-*ʾûlām* and-to-the-*mizbēaḥ* *yibkû* the-*kōhănîm* *meshāretê* *YHWH* and-*yōʾmerû* *ḥûsâ* *YHWH* upon-*ʿammekha* and-not-*tittēn* *naḥălātekha* to-*ḥerpâ* to-rule-in-them *gôyim* to-what *yōʾmerû* among-the-*ʿammîm* where *ʾĕlōhêhem*.", "grammar": { "*ʾûlām*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the porch/vestibule", "*mizbēaḥ*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the altar", "*yibkû*": "qal imperfect jussive, 3rd person masculine plural - let them weep", "*kōhănîm*": "masculine plural noun with definite article - the priests", "*meshāretê*": "piel participle, masculine plural construct - ministers of/servants of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*yōʾmerû*": "qal imperfect jussive, 3rd person masculine plural - let them say", "*ḥûsâ*": "qal imperative, 2nd person masculine singular - spare/have pity", "*ʿammekha*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your people", "*tittēn*": "qal imperfect jussive, 2nd person masculine singular - let you give", "*naḥălātekha*": "feminine singular noun with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your inheritance", "*ḥerpâ*": "feminine singular noun - reproach/disgrace", "*gôyim*": "masculine plural noun - nations/gentiles", "*yōʾmerû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they say", "*ʿammîm*": "masculine plural noun with definite article - the peoples", "*ʾĕlōhêhem*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their God" }, "variants": { "*ʾûlām*": "porch/vestibule/entrance hall", "*mizbēaḥ*": "altar/place of sacrifice", "*yibkû*": "let them weep/cry", "*kōhănîm*": "priests/officiants", "*meshāretê*": "ministers of/servants of/attendants of", "*yōʾmerû*": "let them say/speak", "*ḥûsâ*": "spare/have pity/have compassion", "*tittēn*": "let you give/deliver/hand over", "*naḥălātekha*": "your inheritance/heritage/possession", "*ḥerpâ*": "reproach/disgrace/shame/taunt" } }

{ "verseID": "Joel.2.18", "source": "וַיְקַנֵּ֥א יְהוָ֖ה לְאַרְצ֑וֹ וַיַּחְמֹ֖ל עַל־עַמּֽוֹ׃", "text": "And-*yeqannēʾ* *YHWH* for-*ʾartsô* and-*yaḥmōl* upon-*ʿammô*.", "grammar": { "*yeqannēʾ*": "piel imperfect consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - he was jealous/zealous", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*ʾartsô*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his land", "*yaḥmōl*": "qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - he had pity/compassion", "*ʿammô*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his people" }, "variants": { "*yeqannēʾ*": "he was jealous/zealous/passionate", "*yaḥmōl*": "he had pity/compassion/spared" } }

{ "verseID": "Joel.2.19", "source": "וַיַּ֨עַן יְהוָ֜ה וַיֹּ֣אמֶר לְעַמּ֗וֹ הִנְנִ֨י שֹׁלֵ֤חַ לָכֶם֙ אֶת־הַדָּגָן֙ וְהַתִּיר֣וֹשׁ וְהַיִּצְהָ֔ר וּשְׂבַעְתֶּ֖ם אֹת֑וֹ וְלֹא־אֶתֵּ֨ן אֶתְכֶ֥ם ע֛וֹד חֶרְפָּ֖ה בַּגּוֹיִֽם׃", "text": "And-*yaʿan* *YHWH* and-*yōʾmer* to-*ʿammô* *hinenî* *shōlēaḥ* to-you [plural] *ʾet*-the-*dāgān* and-the-*tîrôsh* and-the-*yitshār* and-*sebaʿtem* *ʾōtô* and-not-*ʾettēn* you [plural] again *ḥerpâ* among-the-*gôyim*.", "grammar": { "*yaʿan*": "qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - he answered", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*yōʾmer*": "qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - he said", "*ʿammô*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his people", "*hinenî*": "particle with 1st person singular suffix - behold me", "*shōlēaḥ*": "qal participle, masculine singular - sending", "*dāgān*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the grain/corn", "*tîrôsh*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the new wine", "*yitshār*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the fresh oil", "*sebaʿtem*": "qal perfect, 2nd person masculine plural - you will be satisfied", "*ʾōtô*": "direct object marker with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - it", "*ʾettēn*": "qal imperfect, 1st person singular - I will give/make", "*ḥerpâ*": "feminine singular noun - reproach/disgrace", "*gôyim*": "masculine plural noun with definite article - the nations" }, "variants": { "*yaʿan*": "he answered/responded", "*hinenî*": "behold me/here I am", "*shōlēaḥ*": "sending/dispatching", "*dāgān*": "grain/corn/cereal", "*tîrôsh*": "new wine/fresh wine", "*yitshār*": "fresh oil/olive oil", "*sebaʿtem*": "you will be satisfied/filled/have enough", "*ḥerpâ*": "reproach/disgrace/shame/taunt" } }

{ "verseID": "Joel.2.20", "source": "וְֽאֶת־הַצְּפוֹנִ֞י אַרְחִ֣יק מֵעֲלֵיכֶ֗ם וְהִדַּחְתִּיו֮ אֶל־אֶ֣רֶץ צִיָּ֣ה וּשְׁמָמָה֒ אֶת־פָּנָ֗יו אֶל־הַיָּם֙ הַקַּדְמֹנִ֔י וְסֹפ֖וֹ אֶל־הַיָּ֣ם הָאַֽחֲר֑וֹן וְעָלָ֣ה בָאְשׁ֗וֹ וְתַ֙עַל֙ צַחֲנָת֔וֹ כִּ֥י הִגְדִּ֖יל לַעֲשֽׂוֹת׃", "text": "And-*ʾet*-the-*tsefônî* *ʾarḥîq* from-upon-you [plural] and-*hiddaḥtîw* to-*ʾerets* *tsiyyâ* and-*shemāmâ* *ʾet*-*pānāyw* to-the-*yām* the-*qadmônî* and-*sôfô* to-the-*yām* the-*ʾaḥărôn* and-*ʿālâ* *boʾshô* and-*taʿal* *tsaḥănātô* because *higdîl* to-do.", "grammar": { "*tsefônî*": "masculine singular adjective with definite article - the northern/northerner", "*ʾarḥîq*": "hiphil imperfect, 1st person singular - I will remove/drive far", "*hiddaḥtîw*": "hiphil perfect, 1st person singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - I will drive him", "*ʾerets*": "feminine singular construct - land of", "*tsiyyâ*": "feminine singular noun - drought/dry land", "*shemāmâ*": "feminine singular noun - desolation/waste", "*pānāyw*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his face", "*yām*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the sea", "*qadmônî*": "masculine singular adjective with definite article - the eastern", "*sôfô*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his rear", "*yām*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the sea", "*ʾaḥărôn*": "masculine singular adjective with definite article - the western/latter", "*ʿālâ*": "qal perfect consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - will go up/ascend", "*boʾshô*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his stench", "*taʿal*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular - will rise/ascend", "*tsaḥănātô*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his foul smell", "*higdîl*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he did great things" }, "variants": { "*tsefônî*": "the northern one/northerner/northern [army]", "*ʾarḥîq*": "I will remove/drive far/distance", "*hiddaḥtîw*": "I will drive him/banish him/thrust him", "*tsiyyâ*": "drought/dry land/parched region", "*shemāmâ*": "desolation/waste/desert", "*qadmônî*": "the eastern/former/ancient", "*ʾaḥărôn*": "the western/latter/hindmost", "*boʾshô*": "his stench/stink/foul odor", "*taʿal*": "will rise/ascend/go up", "*tsaḥănātô*": "his foul smell/stink/putridness", "*higdîl*": "he did great things/acted proudly/magnified himself" } }

{ "verseID": "Joel.2.21", "source": "אַל־תִּֽירְאִ֖י אֲדָמָ֑ה גִּ֣ילִי וּשְׂמָ֔חִי כִּֽי־הִגְדִּ֥יל יְהוָ֖ה לַעֲשֽׂוֹת׃", "text": "Not-*tîreʾî* *ʾădāmâ* *gîlî* and-*semāḥî* because-*higdîl* *YHWH* to-do.", "grammar": { "*tîreʾî*": "qal imperfect jussive, 2nd person feminine singular - fear", "*ʾădāmâ*": "feminine singular noun - land/ground/soil", "*gîlî*": "qal imperative, 2nd person feminine singular - rejoice/be glad", "*semāḥî*": "qal imperative, 2nd person feminine singular - rejoice/be joyful", "*higdîl*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - has done great things", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name" }, "variants": { "*tîreʾî*": "fear/be afraid", "*ʾădāmâ*": "land/ground/soil/earth", "*gîlî*": "rejoice/be glad/exult", "*semāḥî*": "rejoice/be joyful/be happy", "*higdîl*": "has done great things/acted mightily/magnified" } }

{ "verseID": "Joel.2.22", "source": "אַל־תִּֽירְאוּ֙ בַּהֲמ֣וֹת שָׂדַ֔י כִּ֥י דָשְׁא֖וּ נְא֣וֹת מִדְבָּ֑ר כִּֽי־עֵץ֙ נָשָׂ֣א פִרְי֔וֹ תְּאֵנָ֥ה וָגֶ֖פֶן נָתְנ֥וּ חֵילָֽם׃", "text": "Not-*tîreʾû* *bahămôt* *sāday* because *dāsheʾû* *neʾôt* *midbār* because-*ʿēts* *nāsāʾ* *firyô* *teʾēnâ* and-*gefen* *nātenû* *ḥêlām*.", "grammar": { "*tîreʾû*": "qal imperfect jussive, 2nd person masculine plural - fear", "*bahămôt*": "feminine plural construct - beasts of", "*sāday*": "masculine singular noun - field", "*dāsheʾû*": "qal perfect, 3rd person plural - have become green", "*neʾôt*": "feminine plural construct - pastures of", "*midbār*": "masculine singular noun - wilderness/desert", "*ʿēts*": "masculine singular noun - tree", "*nāsāʾ*": "qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - bears/lifts", "*firyô*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - its fruit", "*teʾēnâ*": "feminine singular noun - fig tree", "*gefen*": "masculine singular noun - vine", "*nātenû*": "qal perfect, 3rd person plural - give/yield", "*ḥêlām*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their strength/wealth" }, "variants": { "*tîreʾû*": "fear/be afraid", "*bahămôt*": "beasts of/animals of/cattle of", "*dāsheʾû*": "have become green/sprout grass/grow tender grass", "*neʾôt*": "pastures of/dwelling places of/habitations of", "*nāsāʾ*": "bears/lifts/carries", "*nātenû*": "give/yield/produce", "*ḥêlām*": "their strength/wealth/power/produce" } }

{ "verseID": "Joel.2.23", "source": "וּבְנֵ֣י צִיּ֗וֹן גִּ֤ילוּ וְשִׂמְחוּ֙ בַּיהוָ֣ה אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶ֔ם כִּֽי־נָתַ֥ן לָכֶ֛ם אֶת־הַמּוֹרֶ֖ה לִצְדָקָ֑ה וַיּ֣וֹרֶד לָכֶ֗ם גֶּ֛שֶׁם מוֹרֶ֥ה וּמַלְק֖וֹשׁ בָּרִאשֽׁוֹן׃", "text": "And-*benê* *Tsiyôn* *gîlû* and-*simḥû* in-*YHWH* *ʾĕlōhêkhem* because-*nātan* to-you [plural] *ʾet*-the-*môreh* to-*tsedāqâ* and-*yôred* to-you [plural] *geshem* *môreh* and-*malqôsh* in-the-*rîʾshôn*.", "grammar": { "*benê*": "masculine plural construct - sons of/children of", "*Tsiyôn*": "proper noun - Zion", "*gîlû*": "qal imperative, 2nd person masculine plural - rejoice/be glad", "*simḥû*": "qal imperative, 2nd person masculine plural - rejoice/be joyful", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*ʾĕlōhêkhem*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your God", "*nātan*": "qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he has given", "*môreh*": "hiphil participle, masculine singular noun with definite article - the early rain/teacher", "*tsedāqâ*": "feminine singular noun - righteousness", "*yôred*": "hiphil imperfect consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - he sends down", "*geshem*": "masculine singular noun - rain/shower", "*môreh*": "masculine singular noun - early rain", "*malqôsh*": "masculine singular noun - latter rain", "*rîʾshôn*": "masculine singular adjective with definite article - the first/former" }, "variants": { "*benê*": "sons of/children of", "*gîlû*": "rejoice/be glad/exult", "*simḥû*": "rejoice/be joyful/be happy", "*môreh*": "early rain/teacher/one who shows", "*tsedāqâ*": "righteousness/justice/right measure", "*yôred*": "sends down/causes to descend", "*geshem*": "rain/shower/downpour", "*môreh*": "early rain/autumn rain", "*malqôsh*": "latter rain/spring rain", "*rîʾshôn*": "the first/former/beginning" } }

{ "verseID": "Joel.2.24", "source": "וּמָלְא֥וּ הַגֳּרָנ֖וֹת בָּ֑ר וְהֵשִׁ֥יקוּ הַיְקָבִ֖ים תִּיר֥וֹשׁ וְיִצְהָֽר׃", "text": "And-*māleʾû* the-*gorānôt* *bār* and-*hēshîqû* the-*yeqābîm* *tîrôsh* and-*yitshār*.", "grammar": { "*māleʾû*": "qal perfect consecutive, 3rd person plural - they will be filled", "*gorānôt*": "masculine plural noun with definite article - the threshing floors", "*bār*": "masculine singular noun - grain", "*hēshîqû*": "hiphil perfect consecutive, 3rd person plural - they will overflow", "*yeqābîm*": "masculine plural noun with definite article - the wine vats", "*tîrôsh*": "masculine singular noun - new wine", "*yitshār*": "masculine singular noun - fresh oil" }, "variants": { "*māleʾû*": "they will be filled/be full", "*gorānôt*": "threshing floors/grain floors", "*bār*": "grain/corn", "*hēshîqû*": "they will overflow/run over/be full to the brim", "*yeqābîm*": "wine vats/presses", "*tîrôsh*": "new wine/fresh wine", "*yitshār*": "fresh oil/olive oil" } }

{ "verseID": "Joel.2.25", "source": "וְשִׁלַּמְתִּ֤י לָכֶם֙ אֶת־הַשָּׁנִ֔ים אֲשֶׁר֙ אָכַ֣ל הָֽאַרְבֶּ֔ה הַיֶּ֖לֶק וְהֶחָסִ֣יל וְהַגָּזָ֑ם חֵילִי֙ הַגָּד֔וֹל אֲשֶׁ֥ר שִׁלַּ֖חְתִּי בָּכֶֽם׃", "text": "And-*shillamtî* to-you [plural] *ʾet*-the-*shānîm* which *ʾākhal* the-*ʾarbeh* the-*yeleq* and-the-*ḥāsîl* and-the-*gāzām* *ḥêlî* the-*gādôl* which *shillaḥtî* among-you [plural].", "grammar": { "*shillamtî*": "piel perfect, 1st person singular - I will restore/repay", "*shānîm*": "feminine plural noun with definite article - the years", "*ʾākhal*": "qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - ate/devoured", "*ʾarbeh*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the locust", "*yeleq*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the young locust/caterpillar", "*ḥāsîl*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the locust/consumer", "*gāzām*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the palmerworm/shearer", "*ḥêlî*": "masculine singular noun with 1st person singular suffix - my army", "*gādôl*": "masculine singular adjective with definite article - the great", "*shillaḥtî*": "piel perfect, 1st person singular - I sent" }, "variants": { "*shillamtî*": "I will restore/repay/make restitution", "*ʾākhal*": "ate/devoured/consumed", "*ʾarbeh*": "locust/swarming locust", "*yeleq*": "young locust/caterpillar/hopper", "*ḥāsîl*": "locust/consumer/destroyer", "*gāzām*": "palmerworm/shearer/cutter", "*ḥêlî*": "my army/force/strength", "*shillaḥtî*": "I sent/dispatched" } }

{ "verseID": "Joel.2.26", "source": "וַאֲכַלְתֶּ֤ם אָכוֹל֙ וְשָׂב֔וֹעַ וְהִלַּלְתֶּ֗ם אֶת־שֵׁ֤ם יְהוָה֙ אֱלֹ֣הֵיכֶ֔ם אֲשֶׁר־עָשָׂ֥ה עִמָּכֶ֖ם לְהַפְלִ֑יא וְלֹא־יֵבֹ֥שׁוּ עַמִּ֖י לְעוֹלָֽם׃", "text": "And-*ʾăkhaltem* *ʾākhôl* and-*sābôaʿ* and-*hillaltem* *ʾet*-*shēm* *YHWH* *ʾĕlōhêkhem* who-*ʿāsāh* with-you [plural] to-*hafelîʾ* and-not-*yēbōshû* *ʿammî* to-*ʿôlām*.", "grammar": { "*ʾăkhaltem*": "qal perfect, 2nd person masculine plural - you will eat", "*ʾākhôl*": "qal infinitive absolute - eating", "*sābôaʿ*": "qal infinitive absolute - being satisfied", "*hillaltem*": "piel perfect, 2nd person masculine plural - you will praise", "*shēm*": "masculine singular construct - name of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*ʾĕlōhêkhem*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your God", "*ʿāsāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - has done/acted", "*hafelîʾ*": "hiphil infinitive construct - to do wonderfully", "*yēbōshû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they will be ashamed", "*ʿammî*": "masculine singular noun with 1st person singular suffix - my people", "*ʿôlām*": "masculine singular noun - forever/eternity" }, "variants": { "*ʾākhôl*": "eating/consuming", "*sābôaʿ*": "being satisfied/being filled", "*hillaltem*": "you will praise/glorify/commend", "*ʿāsāh*": "has done/acted/performed", "*hafelîʾ*": "to do wonderfully/perform marvelously/act extraordinarily", "*yēbōshû*": "they will be ashamed/be disappointed/be confounded" } }

{ "verseID": "Joel.2.27", "source": "וִידַעְתֶּ֗ם כִּ֣י בְקֶ֤רֶב יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ אָ֔נִי וַאֲנִ֛י יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֖ם וְאֵ֣ין ע֑וֹד וְלֹא־יֵבֹ֥שׁוּ עַמִּ֖י לְעוֹלָֽם׃ ס", "text": "And-*vîdaʿtem* that in-*qereb* *Yisrāʾēl* *ʾānî* and-*ʾănî* *YHWH* *ʾĕlōhêkhem* and-none *ʿôd* and-not-*yēbōshû* *ʿammî* to-*ʿôlām*.", "grammar": { "*vîdaʿtem*": "qal perfect, 2nd person masculine plural - you will know", "*qereb*": "masculine singular construct - midst of", "*Yisrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*ʾānî*": "1st person singular pronoun - I", "*ʾănî*": "1st person singular pronoun - I", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*ʾĕlōhêkhem*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your God", "*ʿôd*": "adverb - again/still/further", "*yēbōshû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they will be ashamed", "*ʿammî*": "masculine singular noun with 1st person singular suffix - my people", "*ʿôlām*": "masculine singular noun - forever/eternity" }, "variants": { "*vîdaʿtem*": "you will know/recognize/understand", "*qereb*": "midst of/among/within", "*yēbōshû*": "they will be ashamed/be disappointed/be confounded" } }

{ "verseID": "Joel.2.28", "source": "וְהָיָ֣ה אַֽחֲרֵי־כֵ֗ן אֶשְׁפּ֤וֹךְ אֶת־רוּחִי֙ עַל־כָּל־בָּשָׂ֔ר וְנִבְּא֖וּ בְּנֵיכֶ֣ם וּבְנֽוֹתֵיכֶ֑ם זִקְנֵיכֶם֙ חֲלֹמ֣וֹת יַחֲלֹמ֔וּן בַּח֣וּרֵיכֶ֔ם חֶזְיֹנ֖וֹת יִרְאֽוּ׃", "text": "And-*hāyâ* after-this *ʾeshpôkh* *ʾet*-*rûḥî* upon-all-*bāsār* and-*nibbeʾû* *benêkhem* and-*benôtêkhem* *ziqnêkhem* *ḥălōmôt* *yaḥălōmûn* *baḥûrêkhem* *ḥezyônôt* *yirʾû*.", "grammar": { "*hāyâ*": "qal perfect consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - it will be/happen", "*ʾeshpôkh*": "qal imperfect, 1st person singular - I will pour out", "*rûḥî*": "feminine singular noun with 1st person singular suffix - my spirit", "*bāsār*": "masculine singular noun - flesh", "*nibbeʾû*": "niphal perfect consecutive, 3rd person plural - they will prophesy", "*benêkhem*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your sons", "*benôtêkhem*": "feminine plural noun with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your daughters", "*ziqnêkhem*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your old men", "*ḥălōmôt*": "masculine plural noun - dreams", "*yaḥălōmûn*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they will dream", "*baḥûrêkhem*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your young men", "*ḥezyônôt*": "masculine plural noun - visions", "*yirʾû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they will see" }, "variants": { "*hāyâ*": "it will be/happen/come to pass", "*ʾeshpôkh*": "I will pour out/pour forth", "*rûḥî*": "my spirit/breath/wind", "*bāsār*": "flesh/humanity/all living beings", "*nibbeʾû*": "they will prophesy/speak as prophets", "*yaḥălōmûn*": "they will dream/have dreams", "*yirʾû*": "they will see/perceive/experience" } }

{ "verseID": "Joel.2.29", "source": "וְגַ֥ם עַל־הָֽעֲבָדִ֖ים וְעַל־הַשְּׁפָח֑וֹת בַּיָּמִ֣ים הָהֵ֔מָּה אֶשְׁפּ֖וֹךְ אֶת־רוּחִֽי׃", "text": "And-also upon-the-*ʿăbādîm* and-upon-the-*shefāḥôt* in-the-*yāmîm* those *ʾeshpôkh* *ʾet*-*rûḥî*.", "grammar": { "*ʿăbādîm*": "masculine plural noun with definite article - the male servants", "*shefāḥôt*": "feminine plural noun with definite article - the female servants", "*yāmîm*": "masculine plural noun with definite article - the days", "*ʾeshpôkh*": "qal imperfect, 1st person singular - I will pour out", "*rûḥî*": "feminine singular noun with 1st person singular suffix - my spirit" }, "variants": { "*ʿăbādîm*": "male servants/slaves/bondmen", "*shefāḥôt*": "female servants/maids/slave women", "*ʾeshpôkh*": "I will pour out/pour forth", "*rûḥî*": "my spirit/breath/wind" } }

{ "verseID": "Joel.2.30", "source": "וְנָֽתַתִּי֙ מֽוֹפְתִ֔ים בַּשָּׁמַ֖יִם וּבָאָ֑רֶץ דָּ֣ם וָאֵ֔שׁ וְתִֽימֲר֖וֹת עָשָֽׁן׃", "text": "And-*nātattî* *môfetîm* in-the-*shāmayim* and-in-the-*ʾārets* *dām* and-*ʾēsh* and-*tîmărôt* *ʿāshān*.", "grammar": { "*nātattî*": "qal perfect, 1st person singular - I will give/place", "*môfetîm*": "masculine plural noun - wonders/signs", "*shāmayim*": "masculine dual noun with definite article - the heavens", "*ʾārets*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - the earth", "*dām*": "masculine singular noun - blood", "*ʾēsh*": "feminine singular noun - fire", "*tîmărôt*": "feminine plural construct - columns of", "*ʿāshān*": "masculine singular noun - smoke" }, "variants": { "*nātattî*": "I will give/place/put/show", "*môfetîm*": "wonders/signs/portents", "*dām*": "blood/bloodshed", "*tîmărôt*": "columns of/pillars of" } }

{ "verseID": "Joel.2.31", "source": "הַשֶּׁ֙מֶשׁ֙ יֵהָפֵ֣ךְ לְחֹ֔שֶׁךְ וְהַיָּרֵ֖חַ לְדָ֑ם לִפְנֵ֗י בּ֚וֹא י֣וֹם יְהוָ֔ה הַגָּד֖וֹל וְהַנּוֹרָֽא׃", "text": "The-*shemesh* *yēhāfēkh* to-*ḥōshekh* and-the-*yārēaḥ* to-*dām* before *bôʾ* *yôm* *YHWH* the-*gādôl* and-the-*nôrāʾ*.", "grammar": { "*shemesh*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - the sun", "*yēhāfēkh*": "niphal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - will be turned/changed", "*ḥōshekh*": "masculine singular noun - darkness", "*yārēaḥ*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the moon", "*dām*": "masculine singular noun - blood", "*bôʾ*": "qal infinitive construct - coming of", "*yôm*": "masculine singular construct - day of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*gādôl*": "masculine singular adjective with definite article - the great", "*nôrāʾ*": "niphal participle, masculine singular with definite article - the dreadful/feared" }, "variants": { "*yēhāfēkh*": "will be turned/changed/transformed", "*ḥōshekh*": "darkness/obscurity", "*dām*": "blood/bloodshed", "*gādôl*": "great/mighty/important", "*nôrāʾ*": "dreadful/feared/awesome/terrible" } }

{ "verseID": "Joel.2.32", "source": "וְהָיָ֗ה כֹּ֧ל אֲשֶׁר־יִקְרָ֛א בְּשֵׁ֥ם יְהוָ֖ה יִמָּלֵ֑ט כִּ֠י בְּהַר־צִיּ֨וֹן וּבִירוּשָׁלִַ֜ם תִּֽהְיֶ֣ה פְלֵיטָ֗ה כַּֽאֲשֶׁר֙ אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה וּבַ֨שְּׂרִידִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה קֹרֵֽא׃", "text": "And-*hāyâ* all who-*yiqrāʾ* in-*shēm* *YHWH* *yimmālēt* because in-*har*-*Tsiyôn* and-in-*Yerûshālaim* *tihyeh* *pelêtâ* as *ʾāmar* *YHWH* and-in-the-*serîdîm* whom *YHWH* *qōrēʾ*.", "grammar": { "*hāyâ*": "qal perfect consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - it will be/happen", "*yiqrāʾ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he will call", "*shēm*": "masculine singular construct - name of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*yimmālēt*": "niphal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he will be delivered/escape", "*har*": "masculine singular construct - mountain of", "*Tsiyôn*": "proper noun - Zion", "*Yerûshālaim*": "proper noun - Jerusalem", "*tihyeh*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular - there will be", "*pelêtâ*": "feminine singular noun - deliverance/escape", "*ʾāmar*": "qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he has said", "*serîdîm*": "masculine plural noun with definite article - the survivors/remnant", "*qōrēʾ*": "qal participle, masculine singular - calling" }, "variants": { "*hāyâ*": "it will be/happen/come to pass", "*yiqrāʾ*": "he will call/call upon/invoke", "*yimmālēt*": "he will be delivered/escape/be saved", "*tihyeh*": "there will be/shall be/will exist", "*pelêtâ*": "deliverance/escape/survivors", "*serîdîm*": "survivors/remnant/those who remain", "*qōrēʾ*": "calling/summoning/inviting" } }