{ "verseID": "Joshua.5.1", "source": "וַיְהִ֣י כִשְׁמֹ֣עַ כָּל־מַלְכֵ֣י הָאֱמֹרִ֡י אֲשֶׁר֩ בְּעֵ֨בֶר הַיַּרְדֵּ֜ן יָ֗מָּה וְכָל־מַלְכֵ֤י הַֽכְּנַעֲנִי֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עַל־הַיָּ֔ם אֵ֠ת אֲשֶׁר־הוֹבִ֨ישׁ יְהוָ֜ה אֶת־מֵ֧י הַיַּרְדֵּ֛ן מִפְּנֵ֥י בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל עַד־עָבְרָ֑ם וַיִּמַּ֣ס לְבָבָ֗ם וְלֹא־הָ֨יָה בָ֥ם עוֹד֙ ר֔וּחַ מִפְּנֵ֖י בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃", "text": "And *wayəhî* when *kišəmōʿa* all *malkê* *hāʾĕmōrî* who were in *ʿēber* the *yarrədēn* *yāmmâ* and all *malkê* *hakkənaʿănî* who were on the *yām*, *ʾēt* that *hôbîš* *YHWH* *ʾet* waters of the *yarrədēn* from before *bənê-yiśrāʾēl* until *ʿāḇrām*, and *wayyimmas* their *ləḇāḇām* and not *hāyâ* in them further *rûaḥ* from before *bənê-yiśrāʾēl*.", "grammar": { "*wayəhî*": "waw-consecutive + 3rd masc. singular qal imperfect 'to be' - and it came to pass", "*kišəmōʿa*": "preposition + infinitive construct of 'to hear' - when hearing", "*malkê*": "construct masculine plural of 'king' - kings of", "*hāʾĕmōrî*": "definite article + proper noun - the Amorite", "*ʿēber*": "noun, masculine singular construct - region across/beyond", "*yarrədēn*": "proper noun - Jordan (river)", "*yāmmâ*": "noun + directional suffix - westward/seaward", "*hakkənaʿănî*": "definite article + proper noun - the Canaanite", "*yām*": "noun, masculine singular - sea", "*ʾēt*": "direct object marker", "*hôbîš*": "3rd masculine singular hiphil perfect - dried up/made dry", "*YHWH*": "divine name - LORD/Yahweh", "*bənê-yiśrāʾēl*": "construct chain - sons of Israel", "*ʿāḇrām*": "infinitive construct with 3rd plural suffix - their crossing", "*wayyimmas*": "waw-consecutive + 3rd masculine singular niphal imperfect - and it melted", "*ləḇāḇām*": "noun masculine singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their heart", "*hāyâ*": "3rd masculine singular qal perfect - was/existed", "*rûaḥ*": "noun feminine singular - spirit/breath/courage" }, "variants": { "*wayəhî*": "and it happened/and it came to pass", "*kišəmōʿa*": "when hearing/as they heard", "*ʿēber*": "region across/beyond/side", "*yāmmâ*": "westward/toward the sea", "*hôbîš*": "dried up/made dry/caused to be dry", "*wayyimmas*": "melted/dissolved/became discouraged", "*ləḇāḇām*": "their heart/inner being/mind", "*rûaḥ*": "spirit/breath/courage/resolve" } }

{ "verseID": "Joshua.5.2", "source": "בָּעֵ֣ת הַהִ֗יא אָמַ֤ר יְהוָה֙ אֶל־יְהוֹשֻׁ֔עַ עֲשֵׂ֥ה לְךָ֖ חַֽרְב֣וֹת צֻרִ֑ים וְשׁ֛וּב מֹ֥ל אֶת־בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל שֵׁנִֽית׃", "text": "In *ʿēṯ* that *hahîʾ* *ʾāmar* *YHWH* to *yəhôšuaʿ*, *ʿăśê* for yourself *ḥarḇôṯ* *ṣurîm* and *šûḇ* *mōl* *ʾeṯ* *bənê-yiśrāʾēl* a second time.", "grammar": { "*ʿēṯ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - time of", "*hahîʾ*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun feminine singular - that", "*ʾāmar*": "3rd masculine singular qal perfect - said/spoke", "*YHWH*": "divine name - LORD/Yahweh", "*yəhôšuaʿ*": "proper noun - Joshua", "*ʿăśê*": "2nd masculine singular qal imperative - make/do", "*ḥarḇôṯ*": "noun feminine plural construct - knives of", "*ṣurîm*": "noun masculine plural - flints/rocks", "*šûḇ*": "2nd masculine singular qal imperative - return/again", "*mōl*": "2nd masculine singular qal imperative - circumcise", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*bənê-yiśrāʾēl*": "construct chain - sons of Israel", "*šēnîṯ*": "adverb - second time/again" }, "variants": { "*ʿēṯ*": "time/occasion", "*ʾāmar*": "said/spoke/commanded", "*ʿăśê*": "make/fashion/prepare", "*ḥarḇôṯ*": "knives/sharp implements", "*ṣurîm*": "flints/rocks/sharp stones", "*šûḇ*": "return/again/once more", "*mōl*": "circumcise/cut" } }

{ "verseID": "Joshua.5.3", "source": "וַיַּעַשׂ־ל֥וֹ יְהוֹשֻׁ֖עַ חַֽרְב֣וֹת צֻרִ֑ים וַיָּ֙מָל֙ אֶת־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֶל־גִּבְעַ֖ת הָעֲרָלֽוֹת׃", "text": "And *wayyaʿaś* for himself *yəhôšuaʿ* *ḥarḇôṯ* *ṣurîm* and *wayyāmāl* *ʾeṯ* *bənê* *yiśrāʾēl* at *giḇʿaṯ* *hāʿărālôṯ*.", "grammar": { "*wayyaʿaś*": "waw-consecutive + 3rd masculine singular qal imperfect - and he made", "*yəhôšuaʿ*": "proper noun - Joshua", "*ḥarḇôṯ*": "noun feminine plural construct - knives of", "*ṣurîm*": "noun masculine plural - flints/rocks", "*wayyāmāl*": "waw-consecutive + 3rd masculine singular qal imperfect - and he circumcised", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*bənê*": "masculine plural construct - sons of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*giḇʿaṯ*": "noun feminine singular construct - hill of", "*hāʿărālôṯ*": "definite article + noun feminine plural - the foreskins" }, "variants": { "*wayyaʿaś*": "and he made/prepared/fashioned", "*ḥarḇôṯ*": "knives/sharp implements", "*ṣurîm*": "flints/rocks/sharp stones", "*wayyāmāl*": "and he circumcised/cut", "*giḇʿaṯ*": "hill of/height of", "*hāʿărālôṯ*": "the foreskins/prepuces" } }

{ "verseID": "Joshua.5.4", "source": "וְזֶ֥ה הַדָּבָ֖ר אֲשֶׁר־מָ֣ל יְהוֹשֻׁ֑עַ כָּל־הָעָ֣ם הַיֹּצֵא֩ מִמִּצְרַ֨יִם הַזְּכָרִ֜ים כֹּ֣ל ׀ אַנְשֵׁ֣י הַמִּלְחָמָ֗ה מֵ֤תוּ בַמִּדְבָּר֙ בַּדֶּ֔רֶךְ בְּצֵאתָ֖ם מִמִּצְרָֽיִם׃", "text": "And this is *haddāḇār* which *māl* *yəhôšuaʿ*: All *hāʿām* *hayyōṣēʾ* from *miṣrayim*, *hazzəḵārîm*, all *ʾanšê* *hammilḥāmâ*, *mēṯû* in *hammiḏbār* in *hadderek* when they came out from *miṣrāyim*.", "grammar": { "*haddāḇār*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the thing/matter/reason", "*māl*": "3rd masculine singular qal perfect - circumcised", "*yəhôšuaʿ*": "proper noun - Joshua", "*hāʿām*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the people", "*hayyōṣēʾ*": "definite article + participle masculine singular qal - the one coming out", "*miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt", "*hazzəḵārîm*": "definite article + noun masculine plural - the males", "*ʾanšê*": "noun masculine plural construct - men of", "*hammilḥāmâ*": "definite article + noun feminine singular - the war/battle", "*mēṯû*": "3rd common plural qal perfect - they died", "*hammiḏbār*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the wilderness", "*hadderek*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the way/road", "*bəṣēʾṯām*": "preposition + infinitive construct with 3rd masculine plural suffix - in their coming out" }, "variants": { "*haddāḇār*": "the thing/matter/reason/cause", "*māl*": "circumcised/cut", "*hāʿām*": "the people/nation/folk", "*hayyōṣēʾ*": "the one coming out/exiting/departing", "*hazzəḵārîm*": "the males/men", "*ʾanšê*": "men of/warriors of", "*hammilḥāmâ*": "the war/battle/fighting", "*mēṯû*": "they died/perished", "*hammiḏbār*": "the wilderness/desert", "*hadderek*": "the way/road/journey" } }

{ "verseID": "Joshua.5.5", "source": "כִּֽי־מֻלִ֣ים הָי֔וּ כָּל־הָעָ֖ם הַיֹּֽצְאִ֑ים וְכָל־הָ֠עָם הַיִּלֹּדִ֨ים בַּמִּדְבָּ֥ר בַּדֶּ֛רֶךְ בְּצֵאתָ֥ם מִמִּצְרַ֖יִם לֹא־מָֽלוּ׃", "text": "For *mulîm* *hāyû* all *hāʿām* *hayyōṣəʾîm*, and all *hāʿām* *hayyillōḏîm* in *hammiḏbār* in *hadderek* when they came out from *miṣrayim* not *mālû*.", "grammar": { "*mulîm*": "passive participle masculine plural qal - circumcised", "*hāyû*": "3rd common plural qal perfect - they were", "*hāʿām*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the people", "*hayyōṣəʾîm*": "definite article + participle masculine plural qal - the ones coming out", "*hayyillōḏîm*": "definite article + participle masculine plural niphal - the ones being born", "*hammiḏbār*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the wilderness", "*hadderek*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the way/road", "*bəṣēʾṯām*": "preposition + infinitive construct with 3rd masculine plural suffix - in their coming out", "*miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt", "*mālû*": "3rd common plural qal perfect - they circumcised" }, "variants": { "*mulîm*": "circumcised ones/cut ones", "*hāyû*": "they were/they had been", "*hāʿām*": "the people/nation/folk", "*hayyōṣəʾîm*": "the ones coming out/exiting/departing", "*hayyillōḏîm*": "the ones being born/the ones birthed", "*hammiḏbār*": "the wilderness/desert", "*hadderek*": "the way/road/journey", "*mālû*": "they circumcised/they cut" } }

{ "verseID": "Joshua.5.6", "source": "כִּ֣י ׀ אַרְבָּעִ֣ים שָׁנָ֗ה הָלְכ֣וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל֮ בַּמִּדְבָּר֒ עַד־תֹּ֨ם כָּל־הַגּ֜וֹי אַנְשֵׁ֤י הַמִּלְחָמָה֙ הַיֹּצְאִ֣ים מִמִּצְרַ֔יִם אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹֽא־שָׁמְע֖וּ בְּק֣וֹל יְהוָ֑ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר נִשְׁבַּ֤ע יְהוָה֙ לָהֶ֔ם לְבִלְתִּ֞י הַרְאוֹתָ֣ם אֶת־הָאָ֗רֶץ אֲשֶׁר֩ נִשְׁבַּ֨ע יְהוָ֤ה לֽ͏ַאֲבוֹתָם֙ לָ֣תֶת לָ֔נוּ אֶ֛רֶץ זָבַ֥ת חָלָ֖ב וּדְבָֽשׁ׃", "text": "For *ʾarbāʿîm* *šānâ* *hāləḵû* *bənê-yiśrāʾēl* in *hammiḏbār* until *tōm* all *haggôy* *ʾanšê* *hammilḥāmâ* *hayyōṣəʾîm* from *miṣrayim* who not *šāməʿû* to *qôl* *YHWH*, who *nišbaʿ* *YHWH* to them to not *harʾôṯām* *ʾeṯ* *hāʾāreṣ* which *nišbaʿ* *YHWH* to *ʾăḇôṯām* to give to us, *ʾereṣ* *zāḇaṯ* *ḥālāḇ* *ûḏəḇāš*.", "grammar": { "*ʾarbāʿîm*": "cardinal number - forty", "*šānâ*": "noun feminine singular - year", "*hāləḵû*": "3rd common plural qal perfect - they walked", "*bənê-yiśrāʾēl*": "construct chain - sons of Israel", "*hammiḏbār*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the wilderness", "*tōm*": "infinitive construct - completion of", "*haggôy*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the nation", "*ʾanšê*": "noun masculine plural construct - men of", "*hammilḥāmâ*": "definite article + noun feminine singular - the war/battle", "*hayyōṣəʾîm*": "definite article + participle masculine plural qal - the ones coming out", "*miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt", "*šāməʿû*": "3rd common plural qal perfect - they listened/obeyed", "*qôl*": "noun masculine singular construct - voice of", "*YHWH*": "divine name - LORD/Yahweh", "*nišbaʿ*": "3rd masculine singular niphal perfect - he swore", "*harʾôṯām*": "hiphil infinitive construct with 3rd masculine plural suffix - to show them", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*hāʾāreṣ*": "definite article + noun feminine singular - the land", "*ʾăḇôṯām*": "noun masculine plural with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their fathers", "*ʾereṣ*": "noun feminine singular construct - land of", "*zāḇaṯ*": "qal participle feminine singular construct - flowing with", "*ḥālāḇ*": "noun masculine singular - milk", "*ûḏəḇāš*": "conjunction + noun masculine singular - and honey" }, "variants": { "*hāləḵû*": "they walked/traveled/journeyed", "*tōm*": "completion/end/finishing", "*haggôy*": "the nation/people/community", "*ʾanšê*": "men of/warriors of", "*hammilḥāmâ*": "the war/battle/fighting", "*hayyōṣəʾîm*": "the ones coming out/exiting/departing", "*šāməʿû*": "they listened/heard/obeyed", "*qôl*": "voice/sound/command", "*nišbaʿ*": "he swore/promised/took an oath", "*harʾôṯām*": "to show them/to cause them to see", "*hāʾāreṣ*": "the land/earth/ground", "*ʾăḇôṯām*": "their fathers/ancestors/forefathers", "*zāḇaṯ*": "flowing with/oozing with", "*ḥālāḇ*": "milk/dairy", "*ûḏəḇāš*": "and honey/sweetness" } }

{ "verseID": "Joshua.5.7", "source": "וְאֶת־בְּנֵיהֶם֙ הֵקִ֣ים תַּחְתָּ֔ם אֹתָ֖ם מָ֣ל יְהוֹשֻׁ֑עַ כִּי־עֲרֵלִ֣ים הָי֔וּ כִּ֛י לֹא־מָ֥לוּ אוֹתָ֖ם בַּדָּֽרֶךְ׃", "text": "And *ʾeṯ* their sons, *hēqîm* in their place, them *māl* *yəhôšuaʿ* for *ʿărēlîm* *hāyû* because not *mālû* them in *haddārek*.", "grammar": { "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*bənêhem*": "noun masculine plural construct with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their sons", "*hēqîm*": "3rd masculine singular hiphil perfect - he raised up", "*taḥtām*": "preposition with 3rd masculine plural suffix - in their place", "*ʾōṯām*": "direct object marker with 3rd masculine plural suffix - them", "*māl*": "3rd masculine singular qal perfect - circumcised", "*yəhôšuaʿ*": "proper noun - Joshua", "*ʿărēlîm*": "adjective masculine plural - uncircumcised", "*hāyû*": "3rd common plural qal perfect - they were", "*mālû*": "3rd common plural qal perfect - they circumcised", "*ʾôṯām*": "direct object marker with 3rd masculine plural suffix - them", "*baddārek*": "preposition + definite article + noun masculine singular - in the way" }, "variants": { "*hēqîm*": "he raised up/established/appointed", "*taḥtām*": "in their place/instead of them/in their stead", "*māl*": "circumcised/cut", "*ʿărēlîm*": "uncircumcised ones/those with foreskins", "*hāyû*": "they were/they had been", "*mālû*": "they circumcised/they cut", "*baddārek*": "in the way/on the journey/during travel" } }

{ "verseID": "Joshua.5.8", "source": "וַיְהִ֛י כַּאֲשֶׁר־תַּ֥מּוּ כָל־הַגּ֖וֹי לְהִמּ֑וֹל וַיֵּשְׁב֥וּ תַחְתָּ֛ם בַּֽמַּחֲנֶ֖ה עַ֥ד חֲיוֹתָֽם׃", "text": "And *wayəhî* when *tammû* all *haggôy* *ləhimmôl* and *wayyēšəḇû* *taḥtām* in *hammaḥăneh* until *ḥăyôṯām*.", "grammar": { "*wayəhî*": "waw-consecutive + 3rd masculine singular qal imperfect 'to be' - and it came to pass", "*tammû*": "3rd common plural qal perfect - they completed", "*haggôy*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the nation", "*ləhimmôl*": "preposition + niphal infinitive construct - to be circumcised", "*wayyēšəḇû*": "waw-consecutive + 3rd common plural qal imperfect - and they remained", "*taḥtām*": "preposition with 3rd masculine plural suffix - in their place", "*hammaḥăneh*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the camp", "*ḥăyôṯām*": "qal infinitive construct with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their being healed" }, "variants": { "*wayəhî*": "and it happened/and it came to pass", "*tammû*": "they completed/they finished/they ended", "*haggôy*": "the nation/people/community", "*ləhimmôl*": "to be circumcised/to be cut", "*wayyēšəḇû*": "and they remained/and they stayed/and they dwelt", "*taḥtām*": "in their place/in their positions", "*hammaḥăneh*": "the camp/encampment", "*ḥăyôṯām*": "their being healed/their recovering/their becoming whole" } }

{ "verseID": "Joshua.5.9", "source": "וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ אֶל־יְהוֹשֻׁ֔עַ הַיּ֗וֹם גַּלּ֛וֹתִי אֶת־חֶרְפַּ֥ת מִצְרַ֖יִם מֵעֲלֵיכֶ֑ם וַיִּקְרָ֞א שֵׁ֣ם הַמָּק֤וֹם הַהוּא֙ גִּלְגָּ֔ל עַ֖ד הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃", "text": "And *wayyōʾmer* *YHWH* to *yəhôšuaʿ*, *hayyôm* *gallôṯî* *ʾeṯ* *ḥerpaṯ* *miṣrayim* from upon you. And *wayyiqrāʾ* *šēm* *hammāqôm* *hahûʾ* *gilgāl* until *hayyôm* *hazzeh*.", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw-consecutive + 3rd masculine singular qal imperfect - and he said", "*YHWH*": "divine name - LORD/Yahweh", "*yəhôšuaʿ*": "proper noun - Joshua", "*hayyôm*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the day", "*gallôṯî*": "1st common singular qal perfect - I have rolled away", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*ḥerpaṯ*": "noun feminine singular construct - reproach of", "*miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt", "*mēʿălêḵem*": "preposition + 2nd masculine plural suffix - from upon you", "*wayyiqrāʾ*": "waw-consecutive + 3rd masculine singular qal imperfect - and he called", "*šēm*": "noun masculine singular construct - name of", "*hammāqôm*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the place", "*hahûʾ*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun masculine singular - that", "*gilgāl*": "proper noun - Gilgal", "*hayyôm*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the day", "*hazzeh*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun masculine singular - this" }, "variants": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "and he said/spoke/declared", "*hayyôm*": "today/this day", "*gallôṯî*": "I have rolled away/removed/taken away", "*ḥerpaṯ*": "reproach/disgrace/shame", "*mēʿălêḵem*": "from upon you/from you", "*wayyiqrāʾ*": "and he called/named/pronounced", "*šēm*": "name/reputation/character", "*hammāqôm*": "the place/location/site", "*gilgāl*": "Gilgal/Rolling" } }

{ "verseID": "Joshua.5.10", "source": "וַיַּחֲנ֥וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בַּגִּלְגָּ֑ל וַיַּעֲשׂ֣וּ אֶת־הַפֶּ֡סַח בְּאַרְבָּעָה֩ עָשָׂ֨ר י֥וֹם לַחֹ֛דֶשׁ בָּעֶ֖רֶב בְּעַֽרְב֥וֹת יְרִיחֽוֹ׃", "text": "And *wayyaḥănû* *bənê-yiśrāʾēl* in *haggilgāl* and *wayyaʿăśû* *ʾeṯ* *happesaḥ* on *ʾarbāʿâ* *ʿāśār* *yôm* for *haḥōḏeš* in the *ʿereḇ* in *ʿarḇôṯ* *yərîḥô*.", "grammar": { "*wayyaḥănû*": "waw-consecutive + 3rd common plural qal imperfect - and they camped", "*bənê-yiśrāʾēl*": "construct chain - sons of Israel", "*haggilgāl*": "definite article + proper noun - the Gilgal", "*wayyaʿăśû*": "waw-consecutive + 3rd common plural qal imperfect - and they kept/made", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*happesaḥ*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the Passover", "*ʾarbāʿâ*": "number feminine - four", "*ʿāśār*": "number - ten", "*yôm*": "noun masculine singular - day", "*laḥōḏeš*": "preposition + definite article + noun masculine singular - for the month", "*bāʿereḇ*": "preposition + definite article + noun masculine singular - in the evening", "*ʿarḇôṯ*": "noun feminine plural construct - plains of", "*yərîḥô*": "proper noun - Jericho" }, "variants": { "*wayyaḥănû*": "and they camped/encamped/settled", "*haggilgāl*": "the Gilgal/the Rolling", "*wayyaʿăśû*": "and they made/kept/performed/celebrated", "*happesaḥ*": "the Passover/Paschal feast", "*ʿereḇ*": "evening/dusk/sunset", "*ʿarḇôṯ*": "plains/steppes/desert plains" } }

{ "verseID": "Joshua.5.11", "source": "וַיֹּ֨אכְל֜וּ מֵעֲב֥וּר הָאָ֛רֶץ מִמָּֽחֳרַ֥ת הַפֶּ֖סַח מַצּ֣וֹת וְקָל֑וּי בְּעֶ֖צֶם הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃", "text": "And *wayyōʾḵəlû* from *ʿăḇûr* *hāʾāreṣ* on *mimmāḥŏraṯ* *happesaḥ* *maṣṣôṯ* and *qālûy* in *ʿeṣem* *hayyôm* *hazzeh*.", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾḵəlû*": "waw-consecutive + 3rd common plural qal imperfect - and they ate", "*ʿăḇûr*": "noun masculine singular construct - produce of", "*hāʾāreṣ*": "definite article + noun feminine singular - the land", "*mimmāḥŏraṯ*": "preposition + noun feminine singular construct - from day after", "*happesaḥ*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the Passover", "*maṣṣôṯ*": "noun feminine plural - unleavened bread", "*qālûy*": "passive participle masculine singular qal - roasted grain", "*ʿeṣem*": "noun masculine singular construct - bone/essence of", "*hayyôm*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the day", "*hazzeh*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun masculine singular - this" }, "variants": { "*wayyōʾḵəlû*": "and they ate/consumed/fed upon", "*ʿăḇûr*": "produce/yield/grain", "*hāʾāreṣ*": "the land/earth/ground", "*mimmāḥŏraṯ*": "on the day after/the next day after", "*happesaḥ*": "the Passover/Paschal feast", "*maṣṣôṯ*": "unleavened bread/matzot", "*qālûy*": "roasted grain/parched corn", "*ʿeṣem*": "bone/essence/very same/selfsame" } }

{ "verseID": "Joshua.5.12", "source": "וַיִּשְׁבֹּ֨ת הַמָּ֜ן מִֽמָּחֳרָ֗ת בְּאָכְלָם֙ מֵעֲב֣וּר הָאָ֔רֶץ וְלֹא־הָ֥יָה ע֛וֹד לִבְנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל מָ֑ן וַיֹּאכְל֗וּ מִתְּבוּאַת֙ אֶ֣רֶץ כְּנַ֔עַן בַּשָּׁנָ֖ה הַהִֽיא׃", "text": "And *wayyišbōṯ* *hammān* on *mimmāḥŏrāṯ* when *bəʾoḵlām* from *ʿăḇûr* *hāʾāreṣ*, and not *hāyâ* further to *bənê* *yiśrāʾēl* *mān*. And *wayyōʾḵəlû* from *təḇûʾaṯ* *ʾereṣ* *kənaʿan* in *haššānâ* *hahîʾ*.", "grammar": { "*wayyišbōṯ*": "waw-consecutive + 3rd masculine singular qal imperfect - and it ceased", "*hammān*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the manna", "*mimmāḥŏrāṯ*": "preposition + noun feminine singular - from the next day", "*bəʾoḵlām*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct with 3rd masculine plural suffix - in their eating", "*ʿăḇûr*": "noun masculine singular construct - produce of", "*hāʾāreṣ*": "definite article + noun feminine singular - the land", "*hāyâ*": "3rd masculine singular qal perfect - was/existed", "*bənê*": "noun masculine plural construct - sons of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*mān*": "noun masculine singular - manna", "*wayyōʾḵəlû*": "waw-consecutive + 3rd common plural qal imperfect - and they ate", "*təḇûʾaṯ*": "noun feminine singular construct - yield of", "*ʾereṣ*": "noun feminine singular construct - land of", "*kənaʿan*": "proper noun - Canaan", "*haššānâ*": "definite article + noun feminine singular - the year", "*hahîʾ*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun feminine singular - that" }, "variants": { "*wayyišbōṯ*": "and it ceased/stopped/came to an end", "*hammān*": "the manna/bread from heaven", "*mimmāḥŏrāṯ*": "on the next day/the day after", "*bəʾoḵlām*": "when they ate/as they consumed", "*ʿăḇûr*": "produce/yield/grain", "*hāʾāreṣ*": "the land/earth/ground", "*hāyâ*": "was/existed/occurred", "*mān*": "manna/heavenly bread", "*wayyōʾḵəlû*": "and they ate/consumed/fed upon", "*təḇûʾaṯ*": "yield/produce/harvest", "*ʾereṣ*": "land/territory/country", "*haššānâ*": "the year/season" } }

{ "verseID": "Joshua.5.13", "source": "וַיְהִ֗י בִּֽהְי֣וֹת יְהוֹשֻׁעַ֮ בִּירִיחוֹ֒ וַיִּשָּׂ֤א עֵינָיו֙ וַיַּ֔רְא וְהִנֵּה־אִישׁ֙ עֹמֵ֣ד לְנֶגְדּ֔וֹ וְחַרְבּ֥וֹ שְׁלוּפָ֖ה בְּיָד֑וֹ וַיֵּ֨לֶךְ יְהוֹשֻׁ֤עַ אֵלָיו֙ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר ל֔וֹ הֲלָ֥נוּ אַתָּ֖ה אִם־לְצָרֵֽינוּ׃", "text": "And *wayəhî* when *bihyôṯ* *yəhôšuaʿ* in *yrîḥô* and *wayyiśśāʾ* *ʿênāyw* and *wayyarʾ* and behold, *ʾîš* *ʿōmēd* before him and *ḥarbô* *šəlûpâ* in his hand. And *wayyēlek* *yəhôšuaʿ* to him and *wayyōʾmer* to him, \"*hălānû* you *ʾim-ləṣārênû*?\"", "grammar": { "*wayəhî*": "waw-consecutive + 3rd masculine singular qal imperfect 'to be' - and it came to pass", "*bihyôṯ*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - in being/when was", "*yəhôšuaʿ*": "proper noun - Joshua", "*yrîḥô*": "proper noun - Jericho", "*wayyiśśāʾ*": "waw-consecutive + 3rd masculine singular qal imperfect - and he lifted up", "*ʿênāyw*": "noun feminine dual with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his eyes", "*wayyarʾ*": "waw-consecutive + 3rd masculine singular qal imperfect - and he saw", "*ʾîš*": "noun masculine singular - man", "*ʿōmēd*": "participle masculine singular qal - standing", "*lənegdô*": "preposition + noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix - before him", "*ḥarbô*": "noun feminine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his sword", "*šəlûpâ*": "passive participle feminine singular qal - drawn", "*bəyāḏô*": "preposition + noun feminine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - in his hand", "*wayyēlek*": "waw-consecutive + 3rd masculine singular qal imperfect - and he went", "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw-consecutive + 3rd masculine singular qal imperfect - and he said", "*hălānû*": "interrogative + preposition with 1st common plural suffix - for us?", "*ʾim-ləṣārênû*": "conjunction + preposition + participle masculine plural qal with 1st common plural suffix - or for our adversaries?" }, "variants": { "*wayəhî*": "and it happened/and it came to pass", "*bihyôṯ*": "when was/while was/during the time", "*wayyiśśāʾ*": "and he lifted up/raised/elevated", "*ʿênāyw*": "his eyes/sight", "*wayyarʾ*": "and he saw/perceived/beheld", "*ʾîš*": "man/person/individual", "*ʿōmēd*": "standing/positioned/waiting", "*lənegdô*": "before him/opposite him/in front of him", "*ḥarbô*": "his sword/knife/dagger", "*šəlûpâ*": "drawn/unsheathed/pulled out", "*wayyēlek*": "and he went/approached/came near", "*wayyōʾmer*": "and he said/spoke/asked", "*hălānû*": "for us/on our side", "*ʾim-ləṣārênû*": "or for our adversaries/enemies/opponents" } }

{ "verseID": "Joshua.5.14", "source": "וַיֹּ֣אמֶר ׀ לֹ֗א כִּ֛י אֲנִ֥י שַׂר־צְבָֽא־יְהוָ֖ה עַתָּ֣ה בָ֑אתִי וַיִּפֹּל֩ יְהוֹשֻׁ֨עַ אֶל־פָּנָ֥יו אַ֙רְצָה֙ וַיִּשְׁתָּ֔חוּ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר ל֔וֹ מָ֥ה אֲדֹנִ֖י מְדַבֵּ֥ר אֶל־עַבְדּֽוֹ׃", "text": "And *wayyōʾmer*, \"No, for I am *śar-ṣəḇāʾ-YHWH*, now *bāʾṯî*.\" And *wayyippōl* *yəhôšuaʿ* to his face *ʾarṣâ* and *wayyištāḥû* and *wayyōʾmer* to him, \"What *ʾăḏōnî* *mədabbēr* to his servant?\"", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw-consecutive + 3rd masculine singular qal imperfect - and he said", "*śar*": "noun masculine singular construct - commander of", "*ṣəḇāʾ*": "noun masculine singular construct - army of", "*YHWH*": "divine name - LORD/Yahweh", "*bāʾṯî*": "1st common singular qal perfect - I have come", "*wayyippōl*": "waw-consecutive + 3rd masculine singular qal imperfect - and he fell", "*yəhôšuaʿ*": "proper noun - Joshua", "*pānāyw*": "noun masculine plural with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his face", "*ʾarṣâ*": "noun feminine singular with directional suffix - to the ground", "*wayyištāḥû*": "waw-consecutive + 3rd masculine singular hishtaphel imperfect - and he bowed down", "*ʾăḏōnî*": "noun masculine singular with 1st common singular suffix - my lord", "*mədabbēr*": "piel participle masculine singular - speaking", "*ʿaḇdô*": "noun masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his servant" }, "variants": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "and he said/spoke/replied", "*śar*": "commander/captain/prince/chief", "*ṣəḇāʾ*": "army/host/troops", "*bāʾṯî*": "I have come/arrived/entered", "*wayyippōl*": "and he fell/dropped down/prostrated", "*pānāyw*": "his face/presence/countenance", "*ʾarṣâ*": "to the ground/earthward/to the earth", "*wayyištāḥû*": "and he bowed down/worshiped/prostrated himself", "*ʾăḏōnî*": "my lord/master/superior", "*mədabbēr*": "speaking/saying/commanding", "*ʿaḇdô*": "his servant/slave/subordinate" } }

{ "verseID": "Joshua.5.15", "source": "וַיֹּאמֶר֩ שַׂר־צְבָ֨א יְהוָ֜ה אֶל־יְהוֹשֻׁ֗עַ שַׁל־נַֽעֲלְךָ֙ מֵעַ֣ל רַגְלֶ֔ךָ כִּ֣י הַמָּק֗וֹם אֲשֶׁ֥ר אַתָּ֛ה עֹמֵ֥ד עָלָ֖יו קֹ֣דֶשׁ ה֑וּא וַיַּ֥עַשׂ יְהוֹשֻׁ֖עַ כֵּֽן׃", "text": "And *wayyōʾmer* *śar-ṣəḇāʾ* *YHWH* to *yəhôšuaʿ*, \"*šal-naʿalḵā* from upon *ragləḵā* for *hammāqôm* which you *ʿōmēd* upon it *qōḏeš* he is.\" And *wayyaʿaś* *yəhôšuaʿ* so.", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw-consecutive + 3rd masculine singular qal imperfect - and he said", "*śar*": "noun masculine singular construct - commander of", "*ṣəḇāʾ*": "noun masculine singular construct - army of", "*YHWH*": "divine name - LORD/Yahweh", "*yəhôšuaʿ*": "proper noun - Joshua", "*šal*": "2nd masculine singular qal imperative - remove", "*naʿalḵā*": "noun feminine singular with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your sandal", "*mēʿal*": "preposition - from upon", "*ragləḵā*": "noun feminine singular with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your foot", "*hammāqôm*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the place", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that", "*ʾattâ*": "2nd masculine singular personal pronoun - you", "*ʿōmēd*": "participle masculine singular qal - standing", "*ʿālāyw*": "preposition with 3rd masculine singular suffix - upon it", "*qōḏeš*": "noun masculine singular - holiness/holy", "*hûʾ*": "3rd masculine singular personal pronoun - he/it", "*wayyaʿaś*": "waw-consecutive + 3rd masculine singular qal imperfect - and he did", "*kēn*": "adverb - so/thus" }, "variants": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "and he said/spoke/declared", "*śar*": "commander/captain/prince/chief", "*ṣəḇāʾ*": "army/host/troops", "*šal*": "remove/take off/pull off", "*naʿalḵā*": "your sandal/shoe/footwear", "*mēʿal*": "from upon/from/off", "*ragləḵā*": "your foot/leg", "*hammāqôm*": "the place/location/spot", "*ʿōmēd*": "standing/positioned/situated", "*ʿālāyw*": "upon it/on it/over it", "*qōḏeš*": "holy/sacred/consecrated", "*wayyaʿaś*": "and he did/made/performed", "*kēn*": "so/thus/in this manner" } }