Verse 1

{ "verseID": "Judges.1.1", "source": "וַיְהִ֗י אַחֲרֵי֙ מ֣וֹת יְהוֹשֻׁ֔עַ וַֽיִּשְׁאֲלוּ֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל בַּיהוָ֖ה לֵאמֹ֑ר מִ֣י יַעֲלֶה־לָּ֧נוּ אֶל־הַֽכְּנַעֲנִ֛י בַּתְּחִלָּ֖ה לְהִלָּ֥חֶם בּֽוֹ׃", "text": "And *wayəhî* after *môt* *Yəhôšuaʿ* and *wayyišʾălû* *bənê* *Yiśrāʾēl* in *YHWH* *lēʾmōr*: Who *yaʿăleh* for us against the *Kənaʿănî* in the *battəḥillâ* to *ləhillāḥēm* with him?", "grammar": { "*wayəhî*": "consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and it came to pass/happened", "*môt*": "construct noun, masculine singular - death of", "*Yəhôšuaʿ*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Joshua", "*wayyišʾălû*": "consecutive imperfect, 3rd common plural - and they inquired/asked", "*bənê*": "construct noun, masculine plural - sons of/children of", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Israel", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - Yahweh/the LORD", "*lēʾmōr*": "preposition + infinitive construct - saying", "*yaʿăleh*": "imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - will go up/ascend", "*Kənaʿănî*": "gentilic noun, masculine singular - Canaanite", "*battəḥillâ*": "preposition + definite article + noun, feminine singular - in the beginning/first", "*ləhillāḥēm*": "preposition + niphal infinitive construct - to fight" }, "variants": { "*wayəhî*": "and it happened/came to pass/was", "*wayyišʾălû*": "they asked/inquired/consulted", "*yaʿăleh*": "will go up/ascend/attack", "*battəḥillâ*": "at first/in the beginning/initially" } }

Verse 3

{ "verseID": "Judges.1.3", "source": "וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יְהוּדָה֩ לְשִׁמְע֨וֹן אָחִ֜יו עֲלֵ֧ה אִתִּ֣י בְגוֹרָלִ֗י וְנִֽלָּחֲמָה֙ בַּֽכְּנַעֲנִ֔י וְהָלַכְתִּ֧י גַם־אֲנִ֛י אִתְּךָ֖ בְּגוֹרָלֶ֑ךָ וַיֵּ֥לֶךְ אִתּ֖וֹ שִׁמְעֽוֹן׃", "text": "And *wayyōʾmer* *Yəhûdâ* to *Šimʿôn* *ʾāḥîw*: *ʿălēh* with me in *bəgôrālî* and *wənillāḥămâ* against the *Kənaʿănî*, and *wəhālaktî* also I with you in *bəgôrāleḵā*. And *wayyēleḵ* with him *Šimʿôn*.", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*Yəhûdâ*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Judah", "*Šimʿôn*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Simeon", "*ʾāḥîw*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his brother", "*ʿălēh*": "imperative, masculine singular - go up/ascend", "*bəgôrālî*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular + 1st common singular suffix - in my lot/inheritance/territory", "*wənillāḥămâ*": "conjunction + niphal imperfect cohortative, 1st common plural - and let us fight", "*Kənaʿănî*": "gentilic noun, masculine singular - Canaanite", "*wəhālaktî*": "conjunction + qal perfect, 1st common singular - and I will go", "*bəgôrāleḵā*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - in your lot/inheritance/territory", "*wayyēleḵ*": "consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he went", "*Šimʿôn*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Simeon" }, "variants": { "*ʿălēh*": "go up/ascend/come up", "*bəgôrālî*": "in my lot/portion/inheritance/territory", "*wənillāḥămâ*": "let us fight/do battle with", "*wəhālaktî*": "I will go/walk/proceed" } }

Verse 4

{ "verseID": "Judges.1.4", "source": "וַיַּ֣עַל יְהוּדָ֔ה וַיִּתֵּ֧ן יְהוָ֛ה אֶת־הַכְּנַעֲנִ֥י וְהַפְּרִזִּ֖י בְּיָדָ֑ם וַיַּכּ֣וּם בְּבֶ֔זֶק עֲשֶׂ֥רֶת אֲלָפִ֖ים אִֽישׁ׃", "text": "And *wayyaʿal* *Yəhûdâ* and *wayyittēn* *YHWH* *ʾet*-the *Kənaʿănî* and the *Pərizzî* in *yādām*. And *wayyakkûm* in *Bezeq* *ʿăśeret* *ʾălāpîm* *ʾîš*.", "grammar": { "*wayyaʿal*": "consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he went up", "*Yəhûdâ*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Judah", "*wayyittēn*": "consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he gave", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - Yahweh/the LORD", "*Kənaʿănî*": "gentilic noun, masculine singular - Canaanite", "*Pərizzî*": "gentilic noun, masculine singular - Perizzite", "*yādām*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their hand", "*wayyakkûm*": "consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine plural + 3rd masculine plural suffix - and they struck them", "*Bezeq*": "proper noun, place name - Bezek", "*ʿăśeret*": "numeral, feminine construct - ten thousand of", "*ʾălāpîm*": "noun, masculine plural - thousands", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - man/men" }, "variants": { "*wayyaʿal*": "went up/advanced/attacked", "*wayyittēn*": "gave/handed over/delivered", "*wayyakkûm*": "struck them/defeated them/slew them", "*ʾălāpîm*": "thousands/units/divisions" } }

Verse 7

{ "verseID": "Judges.1.7", "source": "וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֲדֹֽנִי־בֶ֗זֶק שִׁבְעִ֣ים ׀ מְלָכִ֡ים בְּֽהֹנוֹת֩ יְדֵיהֶ֨ם וְרַגְלֵיהֶ֜ם מְקֻצָּצִ֗ים הָי֤וּ מְלַקְּטִים֙ תַּ֣חַת שֻׁלְחָנִ֔י כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשִׂ֔יתִי כֵּ֥ן שִׁלַּם־לִ֖י אֱלֹהִ֑ים וַיְבִיאֻ֥הוּ יְרוּשָׁלַ֖͏ִם וַיָּ֥מָת שָֽׁם׃", "text": "And *wayyōʾmer* *ʾĂdōnî-bezeq*: *šibʿîm* *məlāḵîm* with *bəhōnôt* their hands and their feet *məquṣṣāṣîm* *hāyû* *məlaqqəṭîm* under *šulḥānî*, as *kaʾăšer* *ʿāśîtî*, so *šillam-lî* *ʾĕlōhîm*. And *wayəbîʾuhû* *Yərûšālaim* and *wayyāmāt* there.", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "consecutive imperfect, qal, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*ʾĂdōnî-bezeq*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Adoni-bezek (lord of Bezek)", "*šibʿîm*": "cardinal number, common - seventy", "*məlāḵîm*": "noun, masculine plural - kings", "*bəhōnôt*": "noun, feminine plural construct - thumbs/big toes of", "*məquṣṣāṣîm*": "pual participle, masculine plural - being cut off", "*hāyû*": "perfect, qal, 3rd common plural - they were", "*məlaqqəṭîm*": "piel participle, masculine plural - gathering", "*šulḥānî*": "noun, masculine singular + 1st common singular suffix - my table", "*kaʾăšer*": "conjunction + relative pronoun - as/just as", "*ʿāśîtî*": "perfect, qal, 1st common singular - I did/have done", "*šillam-lî*": "perfect, piel, 3rd masculine singular + preposition + 1st common singular suffix - he has repaid to me", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine plural (used as singular) - God", "*wayəbîʾuhû*": "consecutive imperfect, hiphil, 3rd common plural + 3rd masculine singular suffix - and they brought him", "*Yərûšālaim*": "proper noun, place name - Jerusalem", "*wayyāmāt*": "consecutive imperfect, qal, 3rd masculine singular - and he died" }, "variants": { "*məquṣṣāṣîm*": "cut off/amputated/severed", "*hāyû*": "were/had been/used to be", "*məlaqqəṭîm*": "gathering/picking up/gleaning", "*šillam-lî*": "repaid me/requited me/recompensed me", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "God/gods/divine being" } }

Verse 8

{ "verseID": "Judges.1.8", "source": "וַיִּלָּחֲמ֤וּ בְנֵֽי־יְהוּדָה֙ בִּיר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם וַיִּלְכְּד֣וּ אוֹתָ֔הּ וַיַּכּ֖וּהָ לְפִי־חָ֑רֶב וְאֶת־הָעִ֖יר שִׁלְּח֥וּ בָאֵֽשׁ׃", "text": "And *wayyillāḥămû* *bənê*-*Yəhûdâ* in *Yərûšālaim* and *wayyilkədû* it and *wayyakkûhā* to *pî*-*ḥāreb* and *ʾet*-the *hāʿîr* *šilləḥû* in the *bāʾēš*.", "grammar": { "*wayyillāḥămû*": "consecutive imperfect, niphal, 3rd common plural - and they fought", "*bənê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons of/children of", "*Yəhûdâ*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Judah", "*Yərûšālaim*": "proper noun, place name - Jerusalem", "*wayyilkədû*": "consecutive imperfect, qal, 3rd common plural - and they captured", "*wayyakkûhā*": "consecutive imperfect, hiphil, 3rd common plural + 3rd feminine singular suffix - and they struck it", "*pî*": "construct noun, masculine singular - mouth/edge of", "*ḥāreb*": "noun, feminine singular - sword", "*hāʿîr*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the city", "*šilləḥû*": "perfect, piel, 3rd common plural - they set", "*bāʾēš*": "preposition + definite article + noun, feminine singular - with the fire" }, "variants": { "*wayyillāḥămû*": "fought against/attacked/made war on", "*wayyilkədû*": "captured/seized/took", "*wayyakkûhā*": "struck it/defeated it/conquered it", "*pî-ḥāreb*": "edge of the sword/with the sword/by the sword", "*šilləḥû*": "set/sent/put" } }

Verse 9

{ "verseID": "Judges.1.9", "source": "וְאַחַ֗ר יָֽרְדוּ֙ בְּנֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֔ה לְהִלָּחֵ֖ם בַּֽכְּנַעֲנִ֑י יוֹשֵׁ֣ב הָהָ֔ר וְהַנֶּ֖גֶב וְהַשְּׁפֵלָֽה׃", "text": "And *wəʾaḥar* *yārədû* *bənê* *Yəhûdâ* *ləhillāḥēm* against the *Kənaʿănî* *yôšēb* the *hāhār* and the *neḡeb* and the *šəpēlâ*.", "grammar": { "*wəʾaḥar*": "conjunction + adverb - and afterward", "*yārədû*": "perfect, qal, 3rd common plural - they went down", "*bənê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons of/children of", "*Yəhûdâ*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Judah", "*ləhillāḥēm*": "preposition + niphal infinitive construct - to fight", "*Kənaʿănî*": "gentilic noun, masculine singular - Canaanite", "*yôšēb*": "participle, qal, masculine singular - dwelling/inhabiting", "*hāhār*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the hill country", "*neḡeb*": "noun, masculine singular - the Negev/the south", "*šəpēlâ*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the lowland/foothills" }, "variants": { "*wəʾaḥar*": "afterward/later/subsequently", "*yārədû*": "went down/descended/came down", "*ləhillāḥēm*": "to fight/do battle/wage war", "*yôšēb*": "dwelling in/inhabiting/living in", "*hāhār*": "the hill country/the mountains/the highlands", "*neḡeb*": "the Negev/the south/the southern region", "*šəpēlâ*": "the lowland/the foothills/the plain" } }

Verse 10

{ "verseID": "Judges.1.10", "source": "וַיֵּ֣לֶךְ יְהוּדָ֗ה אֶל־הַֽכְּנַעֲנִי֙ הַיּוֹשֵׁ֣ב בְּחֶבְר֔וֹן וְשֵׁם־חֶבְר֥וֹן לְפָנִ֖ים קִרְיַ֣ת אַרְבַּ֑ע וַיַּכּ֛וּ אֶת־שֵׁשַׁ֥י וְאֶת־אֲחִימַ֖ן וְאֶת־תַּלְמָֽי׃", "text": "And *wayyēleḵ* *Yəhûdâ* against the *Kənaʿănî* the *hayyôšēb* in *Ḥebrôn* and the name of *Ḥebrôn* *ləpānîm* *Qiryat ʾArbaʿ*. And *wayyakkû* *ʾet*-*Šēšay* and *ʾet*-*ʾĂḥîman* and *ʾet*-*Talmay*.", "grammar": { "*wayyēleḵ*": "consecutive imperfect, qal, 3rd masculine singular - and he went", "*Yəhûdâ*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Judah", "*Kənaʿănî*": "gentilic noun, masculine singular - Canaanite", "*hayyôšēb*": "definite article + participle, qal, masculine singular - the one dwelling", "*Ḥebrôn*": "proper noun, place name - Hebron", "*ləpānîm*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural - before/formerly", "*Qiryat ʾArbaʿ*": "proper noun, place name - Kiriath-arba (city of Arba)", "*wayyakkû*": "consecutive imperfect, hiphil, 3rd common plural - and they struck", "*Šēšay*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Sheshai", "*ʾĂḥîman*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Ahiman", "*Talmay*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Talmai" }, "variants": { "*wayyēleḵ*": "went/marched/advanced", "*hayyôšēb*": "dwelling in/inhabiting/living in", "*ləpānîm*": "formerly/previously/beforetime", "*wayyakkû*": "struck/defeated/killed" } }

Verse 13

{ "verseID": "Judges.1.13", "source": "וַֽיִּלְכְּדָהּ֙ עָתְנִיאֵ֣ל בֶּן־קְנַ֔ז אֲחִ֥י כָלֵ֖ב הַקָּטֹ֣ן מִמֶּ֑נּוּ וַיִּתֶּן־ל֛וֹ אֶת־עַכְסָ֥ה בִתּ֖וֹ לְאִשָּֽׁה׃", "text": "And *wayyilkədāh* *ʿOtniʾēl* *ben*-*Qənaz*, *ʾăḥî* *Kālēb* the *haqqāṭōn* from him, and *wayyitten-lô* *ʾet*-*ʿAḵsâ* *bittô* for *ləʾiššâ*.", "grammar": { "*wayyilkədāh*": "consecutive imperfect, qal, 3rd masculine singular + 3rd feminine singular suffix - and he captured it", "*ʿOtniʾēl*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Othniel", "*ben*": "noun, masculine singular construct - son of", "*Qənaz*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Kenaz", "*ʾăḥî*": "noun, masculine singular construct - brother of", "*Kālēb*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Caleb", "*haqqāṭōn*": "definite article + adjective, masculine singular - the younger", "*wayyitten-lô*": "consecutive imperfect, qal, 3rd masculine singular + preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - and he gave to him", "*ʿAḵsâ*": "proper noun, feminine singular - Achsah", "*bittô*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his daughter", "*ləʾiššâ*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular - for a wife" }, "variants": { "*wayyilkədāh*": "captured it/took it/seized it", "*ʾăḥî*": "brother of/kinsman of/relative of", "*haqqāṭōn*": "the younger/the youngest/the lesser", "*mimmennû*": "than him/from him/compared to him" } }

Verse 14

{ "verseID": "Judges.1.14", "source": "וַיְהִ֣י בְּבוֹאָ֗הּ וַתְּסִיתֵ֙הוּ֙ לִשְׁא֤וֹל מֵֽאֵת־אָבִ֙יהָ֙ הַשָּׂדֶ֔ה וַתִּצְנַ֖ח מֵעַ֣ל הַחֲמ֑וֹר וַיֹּֽאמֶר־לָ֥הּ כָּלֵ֖ב מַה־לָּֽךְ׃", "text": "And *wayəhî* in *bəbôʾāh* and *wattəsîtēhû* to *lišʾôl* from *mēʾēt*-*ʾābîhā* the *haśśādeh*, and *wattiṣnaḥ* from on the *haḥămôr*, and *wayyōʾmer-lāh* *Kālēb*: What *mah-lāḵ*?", "grammar": { "*wayəhî*": "consecutive imperfect, qal, 3rd masculine singular - and it happened", "*bəbôʾāh*": "preposition + infinitive construct, qal + 3rd feminine singular suffix - when she came", "*wattəsîtēhû*": "consecutive imperfect, hiphil, 3rd feminine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - and she urged him", "*lišʾôl*": "preposition + infinitive construct, qal - to ask", "*mēʾēt*": "preposition + direct object marker - from", "*ʾābîhā*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her father", "*haśśādeh*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the field", "*wattiṣnaḥ*": "consecutive imperfect, qal, 3rd feminine singular - and she dismounted", "*haḥămôr*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the donkey", "*wayyōʾmer-lāh*": "consecutive imperfect, qal, 3rd masculine singular + preposition + 3rd feminine singular suffix - and he said to her", "*Kālēb*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Caleb", "*mah-lāḵ*": "interrogative + preposition + 2nd feminine singular suffix - what to you/what do you want" }, "variants": { "*wayəhî*": "it happened/it came to pass/it was", "*bəbôʾāh*": "when she came/as she entered/upon her arrival", "*wattəsîtēhû*": "she urged him/she persuaded him/she incited him", "*lišʾôl*": "to ask for/to request/to demand", "*wattiṣnaḥ*": "she dismounted/she alighted/she got down", "*mah-lāḵ*": "what's wrong/what do you want/what troubles you" } }

Verse 15

{ "verseID": "Judges.1.15", "source": "וַתֹּ֨אמֶר ל֜וֹ הָֽבָה־לִּ֣י בְרָכָ֗ה כִּ֣י אֶ֤רֶץ הַנֶּ֙גֶב֙ נְתַתָּ֔נִי וְנָתַתָּ֥ה לִ֖י גֻּלֹּ֣ת מָ֑יִם וַיִּתֶּן־לָ֣הּ כָּלֵ֗ב אֵ֚ת גֻּלֹּ֣ת עִלִּ֔ית וְאֵ֖ת גֻּלֹּ֥ת תַּחְתִּֽית׃", "text": "And *wattōʾmer* to him: *hābâ-lî* *bərāḵâ* because *ʾereṣ* the *neḡeb* *nətattānî* and *wənātattâ* to me *gullōt* *māyim*. And *wayyitten-lāh* *Kālēb* *ʾēt* *gullōt* *ʿillît* and *ʾēt* *gullōt* *taḥtît*.", "grammar": { "*wattōʾmer*": "consecutive imperfect, qal, 3rd feminine singular - and she said", "*hābâ-lî*": "imperative, qal, masculine singular + preposition + 1st common singular suffix - give me", "*bərāḵâ*": "noun, feminine singular - blessing/gift", "*ʾereṣ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - land of", "*neḡeb*": "noun, masculine singular - the Negev/the south", "*nətattānî*": "perfect, qal, 2nd masculine singular + 1st common singular suffix - you have given me", "*wənātattâ*": "conjunction + perfect, qal, 2nd masculine singular - and you have given", "*gullōt*": "noun, feminine plural construct - springs of", "*māyim*": "noun, masculine plural - water", "*wayyitten-lāh*": "consecutive imperfect, qal, 3rd masculine singular + preposition + 3rd feminine singular suffix - and he gave her", "*Kālēb*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Caleb", "*ʾēt*": "direct object marker", "*gullōt*": "noun, feminine plural construct - springs of", "*ʿillît*": "adjective, feminine singular - upper", "*gullōt*": "noun, feminine plural construct - springs of", "*taḥtît*": "adjective, feminine singular - lower" }, "variants": { "*hābâ-lî*": "give me/grant me/bestow upon me", "*bərāḵâ*": "blessing/gift/present", "*neḡeb*": "Negev/south/southern region", "*nətattānî*": "you have given me/you assigned me/you granted me", "*gullōt*": "springs/basins/pools", "*ʿillît*": "upper/higher/above", "*taḥtît*": "lower/nether/below" } }

Verse 16

{ "verseID": "Judges.1.16", "source": "וּבְנֵ֣י קֵינִי֩ חֹתֵ֨ן מֹשֶׁ֜ה עָל֨וּ מֵעִ֤יר הַתְּמָרִים֙ אֶת־בְּנֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֔ה מִדְבַּ֣ר יְהוּדָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֖ר בְּנֶ֣גֶב עֲרָ֑ד וַיֵּ֖לֶךְ וַיֵּ֥שֶׁב אֶת־הָעָֽם׃", "text": "And *bənê* *qênî* *ḥōtēn* *mōšeh* *ʿālû* from *ʿîr* the *təmārîm* with *bənê* *yəhûdāh* to *midbār* *yəhûdāh* which in *negeb* *ʿărād* and *yēlek* and *yēšeb* with the *ʿām*.", "grammar": { "*bənê*": "construct state, masculine plural - sons of", "*qênî*": "proper noun, Kenite", "*ḥōtēn*": "construct state, masculine singular - father-in-law of", "*mōšeh*": "proper noun, Moses", "*ʿālû*": "qal perfect, 3rd plural - they went up", "*ʿîr*": "construct state, feminine singular - city of", "*təmārîm*": "common noun, masculine plural - palms/palm trees", "*bənê*": "construct state, masculine plural - sons/people of", "*yəhûdāh*": "proper noun, Judah", "*midbār*": "common noun, masculine singular - wilderness/desert of", "*negeb*": "common noun, masculine singular - south/negev", "*ʿărād*": "proper noun, Arad", "*yēlek*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - and he went", "*yēšeb*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - and he dwelt/settled", "*ʿām*": "common noun, masculine singular - people" }, "variants": { "*qênî*": "Kenite/Kenites (tribe name)", "*ʿîr* *təmārîm*": "City of Palms (Jericho)", "*midbār*": "wilderness/desert/uncultivated region", "*negeb*": "south/southern region/Negev", "*yēlek*": "went/proceeded/journeyed", "*yēšeb*": "dwelt/settled/lived among" } }

Verse 17

{ "verseID": "Judges.1.17", "source": "וַיֵּ֤לֶךְ יְהוּדָה֙ אֶת־שִׁמְע֣וֹן אָחִ֔יו וַיַּכּ֕וּ אֶת־הַֽכְּנַעֲנִ֖י יוֹשֵׁ֣ב צְפַ֑ת וַיַּחֲרִ֣ימוּ אוֹתָ֔הּ וַיִּקְרָ֥א אֶת־שֵׁם־הָעִ֖יר חָרְמָֽה׃", "text": "And *yēlek* *yəhûdāh* with *šimʿôn* *ʾāḥîw* and *yakkû* the *kənaʿănî* *yôšēb* *ṣəpat* and *yaḥărîmû* *ʾôtāh* and *yiqrāʾ* the *šēm* of the *ʿîr* *ḥormāh*.", "grammar": { "*yēlek*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - and he went", "*yəhûdāh*": "proper noun, Judah", "*šimʿôn*": "proper noun, Simeon", "*ʾāḥîw*": "noun with 3rd masculine singular possessive suffix - his brother", "*yakkû*": "hiphil imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd plural - and they struck/smote", "*kənaʿănî*": "proper noun with definite article, Canaanite", "*yôšēb*": "qal participle, masculine singular - dwelling/inhabiting", "*ṣəpat*": "proper noun, Zephath", "*yaḥărîmû*": "hiphil imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd plural - and they utterly destroyed/devoted to destruction", "*ʾôtāh*": "direct object marker with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her/it", "*yiqrāʾ*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - and he called", "*šēm*": "common noun, masculine singular - name", "*ʿîr*": "common noun, feminine singular with definite article - the city", "*ḥormāh*": "proper noun, Hormah" }, "variants": { "*yēlek*": "went/proceeded with", "*yakkû*": "struck/smote/defeated", "*yôšēb*": "inhabitant of/dwelling in", "*yaḥărîmû*": "devoted to destruction/utterly destroyed/placed under ban", "*ḥormāh*": "destruction/devoted to destruction (name meaning)" } }

Verse 19

{ "verseID": "Judges.1.19", "source": "וַיְהִ֤י יְהוָה֙ אֶתּ־יְהוּדָ֔ה וַיֹּ֖רֶשׁ אֶת־הָהָ֑ר כִּ֣י לֹ֤א לְהוֹרִישׁ֙ אֶת־יֹשְׁבֵ֣י הָעֵ֔מֶק כִּי־רֶ֥כֶב בַּרְזֶ֖ל לָהֶֽם׃", "text": "And *yəhî* *YHWH* with *yəhûdāh* and *yōreš* the *hāhār* because not *ləhôrîš* the *yōšəbê* the *hāʿēmeq* because *rekeb* *barzel* to them.", "grammar": { "*yəhî*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - and he was", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, Yahweh/LORD", "*yəhûdāh*": "proper noun, Judah", "*yōreš*": "hiphil imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - and he took possession of/drove out", "*hāhār*": "common noun, masculine singular with definite article - the mountain/hill country", "*ləhôrîš*": "hiphil infinitive construct with preposition - to drive out/dispossess", "*yōšəbê*": "qal participle, masculine plural construct - inhabitants of", "*hāʿēmeq*": "common noun, masculine singular with definite article - the valley/plain", "*rekeb*": "common noun, masculine singular - chariot(s)", "*barzel*": "common noun, masculine singular - iron" }, "variants": { "*yəhî*": "was/became with (indicating divine presence/help)", "*yōreš*": "dispossessed/drove out/took possession of", "*hāhār*": "hill country/mountain region", "*ləhôrîš*": "to dispossess/drive out/take possession from", "*hāʿēmeq*": "valley/lowland/plain", "*rekeb* *barzel*": "iron chariots (military equipment)" } }

Verse 24

{ "verseID": "Judges.1.24", "source": "וַיִּרְאוּ֙ הַשֹּׁ֣מְרִ֔ים אִ֖ישׁ יוֹצֵ֣א מִן־הָעִ֑יר וַיֹּ֣אמְרוּ ל֗וֹ הַרְאֵ֤נוּ נָא֙ אֶת־מְב֣וֹא הָעִ֔יר וְעָשִׂ֥ינוּ עִמְּךָ֖ חָֽסֶד׃", "text": "And *yirʾû* the *šōmərîm* *ʾîš* *yôṣēʾ* from the *ʿîr* and *yōʾmərû* to him *harʾēnû* *nāʾ* the *məbôʾ* the *ʿîr* and *ʿāśînû* with you *ḥāsed*.", "grammar": { "*yirʾû*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd plural - and they saw", "*šōmərîm*": "qal participle, masculine plural with definite article - the watchers/guards", "*ʾîš*": "common noun, masculine singular - man", "*yôṣēʾ*": "qal participle, masculine singular - going out/coming out", "*ʿîr*": "common noun, feminine singular with definite article - the city", "*yōʾmərû*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd plural - and they said", "*harʾēnû*": "hiphil imperative, masculine singular with 1st plural suffix - show us", "*nāʾ*": "particle - please/now", "*məbôʾ*": "common noun, masculine singular - entrance/way into", "*ʿîr*": "common noun, feminine singular with definite article - the city", "*ʿāśînû*": "qal perfect, 1st plural with waw consecutive - and we will do/show", "*ḥāsed*": "common noun, masculine singular - kindness/favor" }, "variants": { "*šōmərîm*": "watchers/guards/spies", "*yôṣēʾ*": "coming out from/exiting", "*harʾēnû*": "show us/reveal to us", "*məbôʾ*": "entrance/approach/way into", "*ḥāsed*": "kindness/mercy/favor/loyalty" } }

Verse 25

{ "verseID": "Judges.1.25", "source": "וַיַּרְאֵם֙ אֶת־מְב֣וֹא הָעִ֔יר וַיַּכּ֥וּ אֶת־הָעִ֖יר לְפִי־חָ֑רֶב וְאֶת־הָאִ֥ישׁ וְאֶת־כָּל־מִשְׁפַּחְתּ֖וֹ שִׁלֵּֽחוּ׃", "text": "And *yarʾēm* the *məbôʾ* the *ʿîr* and *yakkû* the *ʿîr* to *pî*-*ḥāreb* and the *ʾîš* and all *mišpaḥtô* *šillēḥû*.", "grammar": { "*yarʾēm*": "hiphil imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix - and he showed them", "*məbôʾ*": "common noun, masculine singular - entrance/way into", "*ʿîr*": "common noun, feminine singular with definite article - the city", "*yakkû*": "hiphil imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd plural - and they struck", "*ʿîr*": "common noun, feminine singular with definite article - the city", "*pî*": "common noun, masculine singular construct - mouth/edge of", "*ḥāreb*": "common noun, feminine singular - sword", "*ʾîš*": "common noun, masculine singular with definite article - the man", "*mišpaḥtô*": "common noun, feminine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his family/clan", "*šillēḥû*": "piel perfect, 3rd plural - they let go/sent away" }, "variants": { "*yarʾēm*": "showed them/revealed to them", "*məbôʾ*": "entrance/approach/way into", "*pî*-*ḥāreb*": "edge of the sword/with the sword (idiom for violent slaughter)", "*šillēḥû*": "let go/sent away/spared" } }

Verse 26

{ "verseID": "Judges.1.26", "source": "וַיֵּ֣לֶךְ הָאִ֔ישׁ אֶ֖רֶץ הַחִתִּ֑ים וַיִּ֣בֶן עִ֗יר וַיִּקְרָ֤א שְׁמָהּ֙ ל֔וּז ה֣וּא שְׁמָ֔הּ עַ֖ד הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃", "text": "And *yēlek* the *ʾîš* to *ʾereṣ* the *ḥittîm* and *yiben* *ʿîr* and *yiqrāʾ* *šəmāh* *lûz* *hûʾ* *šəmāh* until the *yôm* the *zeh*.", "grammar": { "*yēlek*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - and he went", "*ʾîš*": "common noun, masculine singular with definite article - the man", "*ʾereṣ*": "common noun, feminine singular construct - land of", "*ḥittîm*": "proper noun with definite article, Hittites", "*yiben*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - and he built", "*ʿîr*": "common noun, feminine singular - a city", "*yiqrāʾ*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - and he called", "*šəmāh*": "common noun, masculine singular with 3rd feminine singular suffix - its name", "*lûz*": "proper noun, Luz", "*hûʾ*": "personal pronoun, 3rd masculine singular - it/that is", "*šəmāh*": "common noun, masculine singular with 3rd feminine singular suffix - its name", "*yôm*": "common noun, masculine singular with definite article - the day", "*zeh*": "demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular - this" }, "variants": { "*ʾereṣ* *ḥittîm*": "land of the Hittites", "*yiqrāʾ* *šəmāh*": "called its name/named it", "*yôm* *zeh*": "this day/to this day/until now" } }

Verse 27

{ "verseID": "Judges.1.27", "source": "וְלֹא־הוֹרִ֣ישׁ מְנַשֶּׁ֗ה אֶת־בֵּית־שְׁאָ֣ן וְאֶת־בְּנוֹתֶיהָ֮ וְאֶת־תַּעְנַ֣ךְ וְאֶת־בְּנֹתֶיהָ֒ וְאֶת־*ישב **יֹשְׁבֵ֨י ד֜וֹר וְאֶת־בְּנוֹתֶ֗יהָ וְאֶת־יוֹשְׁבֵ֤י יִבְלְעָם֙ וְאֶת־בְּנֹתֶ֔יהָ וְאֶת־יוֹשְׁבֵ֥י מְגִדּ֖וֹ וְאֶת־בְּנוֹתֶ֑יהָ וַיּ֙וֹאֶל֙ הַֽכְּנַעֲנִ֔י לָשֶׁ֖בֶת בָּאָ֥רֶץ הַזֹּֽאת׃", "text": "And not *hôrîš* *mənaššeh* *bêt*-*šəʾān* and *bənôtêhā* and *taʿnak* and *bənōtêhā* and *yōšəbê* *dôr* and *bənôtêhā* and *yôšəbê* *yibləʿām* and *bənōtêhā* and *yôšəbê* *məgiddô* and *bənôtêhā* and *yôʾel* the *kənaʿănî* *lāšebet* in the *ʾāreṣ* the *zōʾt*.", "grammar": { "*hôrîš*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he dispossessed/drove out", "*mənaššeh*": "proper noun, Manasseh", "*bêt*": "common noun, masculine singular construct - house of", "*šəʾān*": "proper noun, Beth-shean", "*bənôtêhā*": "common noun, feminine plural with 3rd feminine singular suffix - its daughters/surrounding villages", "*taʿnak*": "proper noun, Taanach", "*bənōtêhā*": "common noun, feminine plural with 3rd feminine singular suffix - its daughters/surrounding villages", "*yōšəbê*": "qal participle, masculine plural construct - inhabitants of", "*dôr*": "proper noun, Dor", "*yibləʿām*": "proper noun, Ibleam", "*məgiddô*": "proper noun, Megiddo", "*yôʾel*": "hiphil imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - and he determined/resolved", "*kənaʿănî*": "proper noun with definite article, Canaanite", "*lāšebet*": "qal infinitive construct with preposition - to dwell/remain", "*ʾāreṣ*": "common noun, feminine singular with definite article - the land", "*zōʾt*": "demonstrative pronoun, feminine singular - this" }, "variants": { "*hôrîš*": "dispossessed/drove out/expelled", "*bənôtêhā*": "its daughters/satellite towns/surrounding villages", "*yōšəbê*": "inhabitants of/dwellers in", "*yôʾel*": "determined/resolved/persisted/was willing", "*lāšebet*": "to dwell/remain/settle in", "*ʾāreṣ* *zōʾt*": "this land/this territory" } }

Verse 33

{ "verseID": "Judges.1.33", "source": "נַפְתָּלִי לֹא־הוֹרִישׁ אֶת־יֹשְׁבֵי בֵית־שֶׁמֶשׁ וְאֶת־יֹשְׁבֵי בֵית־עֲנָת וַיֵּשֶׁב בְּקֶרֶב הַכְּנַעֲנִי יֹשְׁבֵי הָאָרֶץ וְיֹשְׁבֵי בֵית־שֶׁמֶשׁ וּבֵית עֲנָת הָיוּ לָהֶם לָמַס", "text": "*Nap̄tālî* *lōʾ*-*hôrîš* *ʾet*-*yōšḇê* *bêt*-*šemeš* and *ʾet*-*yōšḇê* *bêt*-*ʿănāt* and *wayyēšeḇ* in *qereḇ* the *kənaʿănî* *yōšḇê* the *ʾāreṣ* and *yōšḇê* *bêt*-*šemeš* and *bêt* *ʿănāt* *hāyû* to them *lāmas*", "grammar": { "*Nap̄tālî*": "proper noun - Naphtali (tribe)", "*lōʾ*-*hôrîš*": "negative particle + hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - did not drive out", "*ʾet*-*yōšḇê*": "direct object marker + masculine plural construct participle - the inhabitants of", "*bêt*-*šemeš*": "noun construct + noun - Beth-shemesh (place name, 'house of sun')", "*bêt*-*ʿănāt*": "noun construct + noun - Beth-anath (place name)", "*wayyēšeḇ*": "waw-consecutive + imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and dwelt/settled", "*qereḇ*": "preposition + noun construct - in the midst of", "*kənaʿănî*": "proper noun with definite article - the Canaanite(s)", "*yōšḇê*": "masculine plural construct participle - dwellers of/inhabitants of", "*ʾāreṣ*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - the land", "*hāyû*": "qal perfect, 3rd plural - they were/became", "*lāhem*": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix - to/for them", "*lāmas*": "preposition + noun - for tribute/forced labor" }, "variants": { "*hôrîš*": "drove out/dispossessed/expelled", "*lāmas*": "forced labor/tribute/taskwork/corvée labor" } }