{ "verseID": "Judges.19.1", "source": "וַיְהִי֙ בַּיָּמִ֣ים הָהֵ֔ם וּמֶ֖לֶךְ אֵ֣ין בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיְהִ֣י ׀ אִ֣ישׁ לֵוִ֗י גָּ֚ר בְּיַרְכְּתֵ֣י הַר־אֶפְרַ֔יִם וַיִּֽקַּֽח־לוֹ֙ אִשָּׁ֣ה פִילֶ֔גֶשׁ מִבֵּ֥ית לֶ֖חֶם יְהוּדָֽה׃", "text": "And *wayəhî* in the *yāmîm* those, and *melek* not in *yiśrāʾēl*; and *wayəhî* *ʾîš* *lēwî* *gār* in *yarəkətê* mountain-of-*ʾep̄rayim*, and *wayyiqqaḥ*-to-himself *ʾiššâ* *p̄îlegeš* from *bêt* *leḥem* *yəhûdâ*.", "grammar": { "*wayəhî*": "conjunction + imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and it came to pass/happened", "*yāmîm*": "masculine plural noun - days", "*melek*": "masculine singular noun - king", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*ʾîš*": "masculine singular noun - man", "*lēwî*": "proper noun - Levite", "*gār*": "masculine singular participle - sojourning/dwelling", "*yarəkətê*": "feminine plural construct - remote parts/sides", "*ʾep̄rayim*": "proper noun - Ephraim", "*wayyiqqaḥ*": "conjunction + imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he took", "*ʾiššâ*": "feminine singular noun - woman/wife", "*p̄îlegeš*": "feminine singular noun - concubine", "*bêt*": "construct form - house of", "*leḥem*": "noun - bread/Bethlehem", "*yəhûdâ*": "proper noun - Judah" }, "variants": { "*wayəhî*": "and it happened/and it came to pass/and there was", "*gār*": "sojourning/dwelling temporarily/residing", "*yarəkətê*": "remote parts/sides/recesses/furthest parts", "*p̄îlegeš*": "concubine/secondary wife/paramour", "*bêt leḥem*": "house of bread/Bethlehem (place name)" } }

{ "verseID": "Judges.19.2", "source": "וַתִּזְנֶ֤ה עָלָיו֙ פִּֽילַגְשׁ֔וֹ וַתֵּ֤לֶךְ מֵֽאִתּוֹ֙ אֶל־בֵּ֣ית אָבִ֔יהָ אֶל־בֵּ֥ית לֶ֖חֶם יְהוּדָ֑ה וַתְּהִי־שָׁ֕ם יָמִ֖ים אַרְבָּעָ֥ה חֳדָשִֽׁים׃", "text": "And *wattizněh* against-him *pîlagšô*, and *wattēlek* from-with-him to-*bêt* *ʾābîhā* to-*bêt* *leḥem* *yəhûdâ*; and *wattəhî*-there *yāmîm* four *ḥŏdāšîm*.", "grammar": { "*wattizněh*": "conjunction + imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and she played the harlot/was unfaithful", "*pîlagšô*": "feminine singular noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his concubine", "*wattēlek*": "conjunction + imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and she went/departed", "*bêt*": "construct form - house of", "*ʾābîhā*": "masculine singular noun + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her father", "*leḥem*": "noun - bread/Bethlehem", "*yəhûdâ*": "proper noun - Judah", "*wattəhî*": "conjunction + imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and she was", "*yāmîm*": "masculine plural noun - days", "*ḥŏdāšîm*": "masculine plural noun - months" }, "variants": { "*wattizněh*": "and she played the harlot/was unfaithful/committed adultery/was angry with him", "*pîlagšô*": "his concubine/secondary wife", "*bêt leḥem*": "house of bread/Bethlehem (place name)" } }

{ "verseID": "Judges.19.3", "source": "וַיָּ֨קָם אִישָׁ֜הּ וַיֵּ֣לֶךְ אַחֲרֶ֗יהָ לְדַבֵּ֤ר עַל־לִבָּהּ֙ *להשיבו **לַהֲשִׁיבָ֔הּ וְנַעֲר֥וֹ עִמּ֖וֹ וְצֶ֣מֶד חֲמֹרִ֑ים וַתְּבִיאֵ֙הוּ֙ בֵּ֣ית אָבִ֔יהָ וַיִּרְאֵ֙הוּ֙ אֲבִ֣י הַֽנַּעֲרָ֔ה וַיִּשְׂמַ֖ח לִקְרָאתֽוֹ׃", "text": "And *wayyāqām* *ʾîšāh* and *wayyēlek* after-her *lədabbēr* upon-*libbāh* *lahăšîḇāh* and-*naʿărô* with-him and-*ṣemed* *ḥămōrîm*; and *wattəḇîʾēhû* *bêt* *ʾāḇîhā*, and *wayyirʾēhû* *ʾăḇî* the-*naʿărâ* and *wayyiśmaḥ* to-*liqrʾātô*.", "grammar": { "*wayyāqām*": "conjunction + imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he rose up", "*ʾîšāh*": "masculine singular noun + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her husband/man", "*wayyēlek*": "conjunction + imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he went", "*lədabbēr*": "preposition + infinitive construct - to speak", "*libbāh*": "masculine singular noun + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her heart", "*lahăšîḇāh*": "preposition + infinitive construct + 3rd feminine singular suffix - to bring her back", "*naʿărô*": "masculine singular noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his young man/servant", "*ṣemed*": "masculine singular construct - pair of", "*ḥămōrîm*": "masculine plural noun - donkeys", "*wattəḇîʾēhû*": "conjunction + imperfect, 3rd feminine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - and she brought him", "*bêt*": "construct form - house of", "*ʾāḇîhā*": "masculine singular noun + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her father", "*wayyirʾēhû*": "conjunction + imperfect, 3rd masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - and he saw him", "*ʾăḇî*": "masculine singular construct - father of", "*naʿărâ*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - the young woman", "*wayyiśmaḥ*": "conjunction + imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he rejoiced", "*liqrʾātô*": "preposition + infinitive construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - at meeting him" }, "variants": { "*lədabbēr* *ʿal-libbāh*": "to speak to her heart/to speak kindly to her/to persuade her", "*lahăšîḇāh*": "to bring her back/to restore her/to return her", "*naʿărô*": "his servant/his young man/his attendant", "*ṣemed* *ḥămōrîm*": "pair of donkeys/team of donkeys", "*liqrʾātô*": "to meet him/for his coming/at his arrival" } }

{ "verseID": "Judges.19.4", "source": "וַיֶּחֱזַק־בּ֤וֹ חֹֽתְנוֹ֙ אֲבִ֣י הַֽנַּעֲרָ֔ה וַיֵּ֥שֶׁב אִתּ֖וֹ שְׁלֹ֣שֶׁת יָמִ֑ים וַיֹּאכְלוּ֙ וַיִּשְׁתּ֔וּ וַיָּלִ֖ינוּ שָֽׁם׃", "text": "And *wayeḥĕzaq*-in-him *ḥōtənô* *ʾăḇî* the-*naʿărâ*, and *wayyēšeḇ* with-him *šəlōšet* *yāmîm*; and *wayyōḵəlû* and *wayyištû* and *wayyālînû* there.", "grammar": { "*wayeḥĕzaq*": "conjunction + imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he held fast/strengthened", "*ḥōtənô*": "masculine singular noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his father-in-law", "*ʾăḇî*": "masculine singular construct - father of", "*naʿărâ*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - the young woman", "*wayyēšeḇ*": "conjunction + imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he stayed/remained", "*šəlōšet*": "construct form - three of", "*yāmîm*": "masculine plural noun - days", "*wayyōḵəlû*": "conjunction + imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they ate", "*wayyištû*": "conjunction + imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they drank", "*wayyālînû*": "conjunction + imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they lodged" }, "variants": { "*wayeḥĕzaq*": "and he held fast/prevailed upon/persuaded/detained", "*ḥōtənô*": "his father-in-law/his wife's father" } }

{ "verseID": "Judges.19.5", "source": "וַֽיְהִי֙ בַּיּ֣וֹם הָרְבִיעִ֔י וַיַּשְׁכִּ֥ימוּ בַבֹּ֖קֶר וַיָּ֣קָם לָלֶ֑כֶת וַיֹּאמֶר֩ אֲבִ֨י הַֽנַּעֲרָ֜ה אֶל־חֲתָנ֗וֹ סְעָ֧ד לִבְּךָ֛ פַּת־לֶ֖חֶם וְאַחַ֥ר תֵּלֵֽכוּ׃", "text": "And *wayəhî* in-the-*yôm* the-fourth, and *wayyaškîmû* in-the-*bōqer* and *wayyāqām* *lāleket*; and *wayyōmer* *ʾăḇî* the-*naʿărâ* to-*ḥătānô* *səʿād* *libəḵā* piece-of-*leḥem* and-afterward *tēlēḵû*.", "grammar": { "*wayəhî*": "conjunction + imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and it came to pass", "*yôm*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the day", "*wayyaškîmû*": "conjunction + imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they rose early", "*bōqer*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the morning", "*wayyāqām*": "conjunction + imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he arose", "*lāleket*": "preposition + infinitive construct - to go", "*wayyōmer*": "conjunction + imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*ʾăḇî*": "masculine singular construct - father of", "*naʿărâ*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - the young woman", "*ḥătānô*": "masculine singular noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his son-in-law", "*səʿād*": "imperative, masculine singular - sustain/strengthen", "*libəḵā*": "masculine singular noun + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your heart", "*leḥem*": "masculine singular noun - bread", "*tēlēḵû*": "imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you will go" }, "variants": { "*səʿād* *libəḵā*": "strengthen your heart/refresh yourself/eat something", "*pat-leḥem*": "piece of bread/morsel of food/bit of bread" } }

{ "verseID": "Judges.19.6", "source": "וַיֵּשְׁב֗וּ וַיֹּאכְל֧וּ שְׁנֵיהֶ֛ם יַחְדָּ֖ו וַיִּשְׁתּ֑וּ וַיֹּ֜אמֶר אֲבִ֤י הַֽנַּעֲרָה֙ אֶל־הָאִ֔ישׁ הֽוֹאֶל־נָ֥א וְלִ֖ין וְיִטַ֥ב לִבֶּֽךָ׃", "text": "And *wayyēšəḇû* and *wayyōḵəlû* *šənêhem* *yaḥdāw* and *wayyištû*; and *wayyōmer* *ʾăḇî* the-*naʿărâ* to-the-*ʾîš* *hôʾel*-please and-*lîn* and-*yîṭaḇ* *libbeḵā*.", "grammar": { "*wayyēšəḇû*": "conjunction + imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they sat", "*wayyōḵəlû*": "conjunction + imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they ate", "*šənêhem*": "numeral + 3rd masculine plural suffix - both of them", "*yaḥdāw*": "adverb - together", "*wayyištû*": "conjunction + imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they drank", "*wayyōmer*": "conjunction + imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*ʾăḇî*": "masculine singular construct - father of", "*naʿărâ*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - the young woman", "*ʾîš*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the man", "*hôʾel*": "imperative, masculine singular - be willing/consent", "*lîn*": "imperative, masculine singular - lodge/stay overnight", "*yîṭaḇ*": "jussive, 3rd masculine singular - let it be good/pleasant", "*libbeḵā*": "masculine singular noun + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your heart" }, "variants": { "*hôʾel*": "be willing/consent/please", "*yîṭaḇ* *libbeḵā*": "let your heart be merry/be happy/be content" } }

{ "verseID": "Judges.19.7", "source": "וַיָּ֥קָם הָאִ֖ישׁ לָלֶ֑כֶת וַיִּפְצַר־בּוֹ֙ חֹתְנ֔וֹ וַיָּ֖שָׁב וַיָּ֥לֶן שָֽׁם׃", "text": "And *wayyāqām* the-*ʾîš* *lāleket*; and *wayyip̄ṣar*-in-him *ḥōtənô*, and *wayyāšāḇ* and *wayyālen* there.", "grammar": { "*wayyāqām*": "conjunction + imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he arose", "*ʾîš*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the man", "*lāleket*": "preposition + infinitive construct - to go", "*wayyip̄ṣar*": "conjunction + imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he urged/pressed", "*ḥōtənô*": "masculine singular noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his father-in-law", "*wayyāšāḇ*": "conjunction + imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he returned/remained", "*wayyālen*": "conjunction + imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he lodged/spent the night" }, "variants": { "*wayyip̄ṣar*": "and he urged/pressed/persuaded strongly" } }

{ "verseID": "Judges.19.8", "source": "וַיַּשְׁכֵּ֨ם בַּבֹּ֜קֶר בַּיּ֣וֹם הַחֲמִישִׁי֮ לָלֶכֶת֒ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר ׀ אֲבִ֣י הַֽנַּעֲרָ֗ה סְעָד־נָא֙ לְבָ֣בְךָ֔ וְהִֽתְמַהְמְה֖וּ עַד־נְט֣וֹת הַיּ֑וֹם וַיֹּאכְל֖וּ שְׁנֵיהֶֽם׃", "text": "And *wayyaškēm* in-the-*bōqer* in-the-*yôm* the-fifth *lāleket*, and *wayyōmer* *ʾăḇî* the-*naʿărâ* *səʿād*-please *ləḇāḇəḵā*, and-*hitmahmhû* until-*nəṭôt* the-*yôm*; and *wayyōḵəlû* *šənêhem*.", "grammar": { "*wayyaškēm*": "conjunction + imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he rose early", "*bōqer*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the morning", "*yôm*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the day", "*lāleket*": "preposition + infinitive construct - to go", "*wayyōmer*": "conjunction + imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*ʾăḇî*": "masculine singular construct - father of", "*naʿărâ*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - the young woman", "*səʿād*": "imperative, masculine singular - sustain/strengthen", "*ləḇāḇəḵā*": "masculine singular noun + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your heart", "*hitmahmhû*": "imperative, masculine plural - linger/delay", "*nəṭôt*": "infinitive construct - declining of", "*yôm*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the day", "*wayyōḵəlû*": "conjunction + imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they ate", "*šənêhem*": "numeral + 3rd masculine plural suffix - both of them" }, "variants": { "*səʿād* *ləḇāḇəḵā*": "strengthen your heart/refresh yourself/eat something", "*hitmahmhû*": "linger/delay/tarry", "*nəṭôt* *ha-yôm*": "declining of the day/afternoon/day's end" } }

{ "verseID": "Judges.19.9", "source": "וַיָּ֤קָם הָאִישׁ֙ לָלֶ֔כֶת ה֥וּא וּפִילַגְשׁ֖וֹ וְנַעֲר֑וֹ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר ל֣וֹ חֹתְנ֣וֹ אֲבִ֣י הַֽנַּעֲרָ֡ה הִנֵּ֣ה נָא֩ רָפָ֨ה הַיּ֜וֹם לַעֲרֹ֗ב לִֽינוּ־נָ֞א הִנֵּ֨ה חֲנ֤וֹת הַיּוֹם֙ לִ֥ין פֹּה֙ וְיִיטַ֣ב לְבָבֶ֔ךָ וְהִשְׁכַּמְתֶּ֤ם מָחָר֙ לְדַרְכְּכֶ֔ם וְהָלַכְתָּ֖ לְאֹהָלֶֽךָ׃", "text": "And *wayyāqām* the-*ʾîš* *lāleket*, he and-*pîlagšô* and-*naʿărô*; and *wayyōmer* to-him *ḥōtənô* *ʾăḇî* the-*naʿărâ* behold please *rāp̄â* the-*yôm* to-*laʿărōḇ*, *lînû*-please behold *ḥănôt* the-*yôm*, *lîn* here and-*yîṭaḇ* *ləḇāḇeḵā*, and-*hiškamətem* tomorrow *lədarəkəḵem* and-*hālaḵtā* to-*ʾōhāleḵā*.", "grammar": { "*wayyāqām*": "conjunction + imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he arose", "*ʾîš*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the man", "*lāleket*": "preposition + infinitive construct - to go", "*pîlagšô*": "feminine singular noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his concubine", "*naʿărô*": "masculine singular noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his servant", "*wayyōmer*": "conjunction + imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*ḥōtənô*": "masculine singular noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his father-in-law", "*ʾăḇî*": "masculine singular construct - father of", "*naʿărâ*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - the young woman", "*rāp̄â*": "perfect, 3rd masculine singular - it has weakened/declined", "*yôm*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the day", "*laʿărōḇ*": "preposition + infinitive construct - to evening/to grow dark", "*lînû*": "imperative, masculine plural - lodge/stay", "*ḥănôt*": "infinitive construct - camping/encamping", "*yôm*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the day", "*lîn*": "imperative, masculine singular - lodge/stay", "*yîṭaḇ*": "jussive, 3rd masculine singular - let it be good", "*ləḇāḇeḵā*": "masculine singular noun + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your heart", "*hiškamətem*": "perfect, 2nd masculine plural with waw consecutive - and you shall rise early", "*lədarəkəḵem*": "preposition + feminine singular noun + 2nd masculine plural suffix - to your way", "*hālaḵtā*": "perfect, 2nd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and you shall go", "*ʾōhāleḵā*": "masculine singular noun + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your tent" }, "variants": { "*rāp̄â* *ha-yôm*": "the day is weakening/declining/drawing to a close", "*laʿărōḇ*": "toward evening/to grow dark", "*ḥănôt* *ha-yôm*": "the day's encampment/camping time/the day's resting", "*yîṭaḇ* *ləḇāḇeḵā*": "let your heart be good/be happy/be content", "*ʾōhāleḵā*": "your tent/your home/your dwelling" } }

{ "verseID": "Judges.19.10", "source": "וְלֹֽא־אָבָ֤ה הָאִישׁ֙ לָל֔וּן וַיָּ֣קָם וַיֵּ֗לֶךְ וַיָּבֹא֙ עַד־נֹ֣כַח יְב֔וּס הִ֖יא יְרוּשָׁלָ֑͏ִם וְעִמּ֗וֹ צֶ֤מֶד חֲמוֹרִים֙ חֲבוּשִׁ֔ים וּפִילַגְשׁ֖וֹ עִמּֽוֹ׃", "text": "And not-*ʾāḇâ* the-*ʾîš* *lālûn*, and *wayyāqām* and *wayyēlek* and *wayyāḇōʾ* until-opposite *yəḇûs* it *yərûšālaim*; and-with-him *ṣemed* *ḥămôrîm* *ḥăḇûšîm*, and-*pîlagšô* with-him.", "grammar": { "*ʾāḇâ*": "perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he was willing", "*ʾîš*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the man", "*lālûn*": "preposition + infinitive construct - to lodge", "*wayyāqām*": "conjunction + imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he arose", "*wayyēlek*": "conjunction + imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he went", "*wayyāḇōʾ*": "conjunction + imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he came", "*yəḇûs*": "proper noun - Jebus", "*yərûšālaim*": "proper noun - Jerusalem", "*ṣemed*": "masculine singular construct - pair of", "*ḥămôrîm*": "masculine plural noun - donkeys", "*ḥăḇûšîm*": "masculine plural passive participle - saddled", "*pîlagšô*": "feminine singular noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his concubine" }, "variants": { "*lōʾ-ʾāḇâ*": "he was not willing/he refused", "*nōḵaḥ*": "opposite/in front of/facing", "*ḥăḇûšîm*": "saddled/equipped/bound" } }

{ "verseID": "Judges.19.11", "source": "הֵ֣ם עִם־יְב֔וּס וְהַיּ֖וֹם רַ֣ד מְאֹ֑ד וַיֹּ֨אמֶר הַנַּ֜עַר אֶל־אֲדֹנָ֗יו לְכָה־נָּ֛א וְנָס֛וּרָה אֶל־עִֽיר־הַיְבוּסִ֥י הַזֹּ֖את וְנָלִ֥ין בָּֽהּ׃", "text": "They with-*yəḇûs* and-the-*yôm* *rad* very; and *wayyōmer* the-*naʿar* to-*ʾădōnāyw* come-please and-*nāsûrâ* to-city-of-the-*yəḇûsî* this and-*nālîn* in-it.", "grammar": { "*yəḇûs*": "proper noun - Jebus", "*yôm*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the day", "*rad*": "perfect, 3rd masculine singular - gone down/descended", "*wayyōmer*": "conjunction + imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*naʿar*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the servant", "*ʾădōnāyw*": "masculine plural noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his master", "*nāsûrâ*": "cohortative, 1st common plural - let us turn aside", "*yəḇûsî*": "proper adjective with definite article - the Jebusite", "*nālîn*": "cohortative, 1st common plural - let us lodge" }, "variants": { "*rad* *məʾōd*": "gone down much/far spent/very low", "*nāsûrâ*": "let us turn aside/let us go to/let us enter", "*nālîn*": "let us lodge/let us stay/let us spend the night" } }

{ "verseID": "Judges.19.12", "source": "וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֵלָיו֙ אֲדֹנָ֔יו לֹ֤א נָסוּר֙ אֶל־עִ֣יר נָכְרִ֔י אֲשֶׁ֛ר לֹֽא־מִבְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל הֵ֑נָּה וְעָבַ֖רְנוּ עַד־גִּבְעָֽה׃", "text": "And *wayyōmer* to-him *ʾădōnāyw* not *nāsûr* to-city *nāḵərî* which not-from-sons-of *yiśrāʾēl* they; and-*ʿāḇarnû* until-*giḇəʿâ*.", "grammar": { "*wayyōmer*": "conjunction + imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*ʾădōnāyw*": "masculine plural noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his master", "*nāsûr*": "imperfect, 1st common plural - we will turn aside", "*nāḵərî*": "masculine singular adjective - foreign/strange", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*ʿāḇarnû*": "perfect, 1st common plural with waw consecutive - and we will pass over", "*giḇəʿâ*": "proper noun - Gibeah" }, "variants": { "*nāḵərî*": "foreign/strange/alien", "*ʿāḇarnû*": "we will pass over/we will continue to/we will go on to" } }

{ "verseID": "Judges.19.13", "source": "וַיֹּ֣אמֶר לְנַעֲר֔וֹ לְךָ֥ וְנִקְרְבָ֖ה בְּאַחַ֣ד הַמְּקֹמ֑וֹת וְלַ֥נּוּ בַגִּבְעָ֖ה א֥וֹ בָרָמָֽה׃", "text": "And *wayyōmer* to-*naʿărô* go and-*niqrəḇâ* in-one-of the-*məqōmôt*; and-*lannû* in-the-*giḇəʿâ* or in-the-*rāmâ*.", "grammar": { "*wayyōmer*": "conjunction + imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*naʿărô*": "masculine singular noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his servant", "*niqrəḇâ*": "cohortative, 1st common plural - let us draw near", "*məqōmôt*": "masculine plural noun with definite article - the places", "*lannû*": "perfect, 1st common plural with waw consecutive - and we will lodge", "*giḇəʿâ*": "proper noun with definite article - the Gibeah", "*rāmâ*": "proper noun with definite article - the Ramah" }, "variants": { "*niqrəḇâ*": "let us draw near/let us approach/let us come to", "*məqōmôt*": "places/locations/towns" } }

{ "verseID": "Judges.19.14", "source": "וַיַּעַבְר֖וּ וַיֵּלֵ֑כוּ וַתָּבֹ֤א לָהֶם֙ הַשֶּׁ֔מֶשׁ אֵ֥צֶל הַגִּבְעָ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר לְבִנְיָמִֽן׃", "text": "And *wayyaʿaḇrû* and *wayyēlēḵû*; and *wattāḇōʾ* to-them the-*šemeš* beside the-*giḇəʿâ* which to-*ḇinyāmin*.", "grammar": { "*wayyaʿaḇrû*": "conjunction + imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they passed on", "*wayyēlēḵû*": "conjunction + imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they went", "*wattāḇōʾ*": "conjunction + imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and it came", "*šemeš*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - the sun", "*giḇəʿâ*": "proper noun with definite article - the Gibeah", "*ḇinyāmin*": "proper noun - Benjamin" }, "variants": { "*wattāḇōʾ* *lāhem* *ha-šemeš*": "and the sun went down on them/and the sun set for them", "*ʾēṣel*": "beside/near/close to" } }

{ "verseID": "Judges.19.15", "source": "וַיָּסֻ֣רוּ שָׁ֔ם לָב֖וֹא לָל֣וּן בַּגִּבְעָ֑ה וַיָּבֹ֗א וַיֵּ֙שֶׁב֙ בִּרְח֣וֹב הָעִ֔יר וְאֵ֥ין אִ֛ישׁ מְאַסֵּֽף־אוֹתָ֥ם הַבַּ֖יְתָה לָלֽוּן׃", "text": "*wə-yāsûrû* there *lābôʾ* *lālûn* in-the-*Gibʿāh* *wə-yābōʾ* *wə-yêšeb* in-*rəḥôb* the-*ʿîr* *wə-ʾên* *ʾîš* *məʾassêp*-them the-*baytāh* *lālûn*", "grammar": { "*wə-yāsûrû*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - and they turned aside", "*lābôʾ*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to come/enter", "*lālûn*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to lodge/spend the night", "*Gibʿāh*": "proper noun with locative-he - in Gibeah", "*wə-yābōʾ*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he came/entered", "*wə-yêšeb*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he sat/dwelt", "*rəḥôb*": "noun, masculine singular construct - open place/square/street", "*ʿîr*": "noun, feminine singular - city", "*wə-ʾên*": "conjunction + particle of negation - and there was not", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - man", "*məʾassêp*": "piel participle masculine singular - gathering/taking in", "*baytāh*": "noun, masculine singular with directional he - to the house", "*lālûn*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to lodge/spend the night" }, "variants": { "*yāsûrû*": "turned aside/diverted/departed", "*lābôʾ*": "to come/enter/go in", "*lālûn*": "to lodge/spend the night/stay", "*rəḥôb*": "open place/square/broad street", "*məʾassêp*": "gathering/taking in/receiving" } }

{ "verseID": "Judges.19.16", "source": "וְהִנֵּ֣ה ׀ אִ֣ישׁ זָקֵ֗ן בָּ֣א מִֽן־מַעֲשֵׂ֤הוּ מִן־הַשָּׂדֶה֙ בָּעֶ֔רֶב וְהָאִישׁ֙ מֵהַ֣ר אֶפְרַ֔יִם וְהוּא־גָ֖ר בַּגִּבְעָ֑ה וְאַנְשֵׁ֥י הַמָּק֖וֹם בְּנֵ֥י יְמִינִֽי׃", "text": "*wə-hinnēh* *ʾîš* *zāqēn* *bāʾ* from-*maʿăśēhû* from-the-*śādeh* in-the-*ʿereb* *wə-hāʾîš* from-*har* *ʾEprayim* *wə-hûʾ*-*gār* in-the-*Gibʿāh* *wə-ʾanšê* the-*māqôm* *bənê* *Yəmînî*", "grammar": { "*wə-hinnēh*": "conjunction + demonstrative particle - and behold", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - man", "*zāqēn*": "adjective, masculine singular - old", "*bāʾ*": "qal participle masculine singular - coming", "*maʿăśēhû*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 3rd person suffix - his work", "*śādeh*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the field", "*ʿereb*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the evening", "*wə-hāʾîš*": "conjunction + definite article + noun, masculine singular - and the man", "*har*": "noun, masculine singular construct with definite article - mount of", "*ʾEprayim*": "proper noun - Ephraim", "*wə-hûʾ*": "conjunction + independent personal pronoun 3rd masculine singular - and he", "*gār*": "qal participle masculine singular - sojourning/dwelling temporarily", "*Gibʿāh*": "proper noun with definite article - in Gibeah", "*wə-ʾanšê*": "conjunction + noun, masculine plural construct - and men of", "*māqôm*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the place", "*bənê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons of", "*Yəmînî*": "proper noun - Benjaminites (sons of the right hand)" }, "variants": { "*zāqēn*": "old/elderly/aged", "*bāʾ*": "coming/arriving/entering", "*maʿăśēhû*": "his work/labor/occupation", "*gār*": "sojourning/dwelling temporarily/residing as an alien", "*māqôm*": "place/location/region", "*Yəmînî*": "Benjaminites/right-hand ones" } }

{ "verseID": "Judges.19.17", "source": "וַיִּשָּׂ֣א עֵינָ֗יו וַיַּ֛רְא אֶת־הָאִ֥ישׁ הָאֹרֵ֖חַ בִּרְחֹ֣ב הָעִ֑יר וַיֹּ֨אמֶר הָאִ֧ישׁ הַזָּקֵ֛ן אָ֥נָה תֵלֵ֖ךְ וּמֵאַ֥יִן תָּבֽוֹא׃", "text": "*wə-yiśśāʾ* *ʿênāyw* *wə-yarʾ* *ʾet*-the-*ʾîš* the-*ʾōrēaḥ* in-*rəḥōb* the-*ʿîr* *wə-yōʾmer* the-*ʾîš* the-*zāqēn* *ʾānāh* *tēlēk* *û-mēʾayin* *tābôʾ*", "grammar": { "*wə-yiśśāʾ*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he lifted up", "*ʿênāyw*": "noun, feminine dual construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his eyes", "*wə-yarʾ*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he saw", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the man", "*ʾōrēaḥ*": "participle/noun, masculine singular with definite article - the traveler/wayfarer", "*rəḥōb*": "noun, masculine singular construct - open place/square/street of", "*ʿîr*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the city", "*wə-yōʾmer*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he said", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the man", "*zāqēn*": "adjective, masculine singular with definite article - the old", "*ʾānāh*": "interrogative adverb - where/whither", "*tēlēk*": "qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular - you go", "*û-mēʾayin*": "conjunction + preposition + interrogative adverb - and from where", "*tābôʾ*": "qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular - you come" }, "variants": { "*yiśśāʾ*": "lifted up/raised/carried", "*yarʾ*": "saw/observed/noticed", "*ʾōrēaḥ*": "traveler/wayfarer/visitor/guest", "*rəḥōb*": "open place/square/broad street", "*ʾānāh*": "where/whither/to what place", "*tēlēk*": "you go/walk/travel", "*tābôʾ*": "you come/enter/arrive" } }

{ "verseID": "Judges.19.18", "source": "וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלָ֗יו עֹבְרִ֨ים אֲנַ֜חְנוּ מִבֵּֽית־לֶ֣חֶם יְהוּדָה֮ עַד־יַרְכְּתֵ֣י הַר־אֶפְרַיִם֒ מִשָּׁ֣ם אָנֹ֔כִי וָאֵלֵ֕ךְ עַד־בֵּ֥ית לֶ֖חֶם יְהוּדָ֑ה וְאֶת־בֵּ֤ית יְהוָה֙ אֲנִ֣י הֹלֵ֔ךְ וְאֵ֣ין אִ֔ישׁ מְאַסֵּ֥ף אוֹתִ֖י הַבָּֽיְתָה׃", "text": "*wə-yōʾmer* to-him *ʿōbrîm* *ʾănaḥnû* from-*Bêt-leḥem* *Yəhûdāh* until-*yarkətê* *har*-*ʾEprayim* from-there *ʾānōkî* *wā-ʾēlēk* until-*Bêt leḥem* *Yəhûdāh* *wə-ʾet*-*bêt* *YHWH* *ʾănî* *hōlēk* *wə-ʾên* *ʾîš* *məʾassēp* me the-*baytāh*", "grammar": { "*wə-yōʾmer*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he said", "*ʿōbrîm*": "qal participle masculine plural - passing over/crossing", "*ʾănaḥnû*": "1st person plural personal pronoun - we", "*Bêt-leḥem*": "proper noun, construct - Bethlehem (house of bread)", "*Yəhûdāh*": "proper noun - Judah", "*yarkətê*": "noun, feminine dual construct - remote parts/innermost parts", "*har*": "noun, masculine singular construct - mountain of", "*ʾEprayim*": "proper noun - Ephraim", "*ʾānōkî*": "1st person singular personal pronoun - I", "*wā-ʾēlēk*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 1st person singular - and I went", "*bêt*": "noun, masculine singular construct - house of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - Yahweh", "*ʾănî*": "1st person singular personal pronoun - I", "*hōlēk*": "qal participle masculine singular - going", "*wə-ʾên*": "conjunction + particle of negation - and there is not", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - man", "*məʾassēp*": "piel participle masculine singular - gathering/taking in", "*baytāh*": "noun, masculine singular with directional he - to the house" }, "variants": { "*ʿōbrîm*": "passing over/crossing/traveling", "*yarkətê*": "remote parts/innermost parts/far reaches", "*wā-ʾēlēk*": "I went/traveled/journeyed", "*hōlēk*": "going/walking/traveling", "*məʾassēp*": "gathering/taking in/receiving" } }

{ "verseID": "Judges.19.19", "source": "וְגַם־תֶּ֤בֶן גַּם־מִסְפּוֹא֙ יֵ֣שׁ לַחֲמוֹרֵ֔ינוּ וְ֠גַם לֶ֣חֶם וָיַ֤יִן יֶשׁ־לִי֙ וְלַֽאֲמָתֶ֔ךָ וְלַנַּ֖עַר עִם־עֲבָדֶ֑יךָ אֵ֥ין מַחְס֖וֹר כָּל־דָּבָֽר׃", "text": "*wə-gam*-*teben* *gam*-*mispôʾ* *yēš* for-*ḥămôrênû* *wə-gam* *leḥem* *wə-yayin* *yeš*-to-me *wə-la-ʾămātekā* *wə-la-naʿar* with-*ʿăbādeykā* *ʾên* *maḥsôr* any-*dābār*", "grammar": { "*wə-gam*": "conjunction + particle - and also", "*teben*": "noun, masculine singular - straw", "*gam*": "particle - also", "*mispôʾ*": "noun, masculine singular - fodder/feed", "*yēš*": "particle of existence - there is", "*ḥămôrênû*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 1st person plural suffix - our donkeys", "*wə-gam*": "conjunction + particle - and also", "*leḥem*": "noun, masculine singular - bread/food", "*wə-yayin*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular - and wine", "*yeš*": "particle of existence - there is", "*la-ʾămātekā*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular construct with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - to your maidservant", "*wə-la-naʿar*": "conjunction + preposition + noun, masculine singular - and to the young man", "*ʿăbādeykā*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your servants", "*ʾên*": "particle of negation - there is not", "*maḥsôr*": "noun, masculine singular - lack/need/want", "*dābār*": "noun, masculine singular - thing/matter/word" }, "variants": { "*teben*": "straw/stubble/chaff", "*mispôʾ*": "fodder/feed/provender", "*leḥem*": "bread/food/grain", "*yayin*": "wine/fermented drink", "*ʾămātekā*": "your maidservant/female slave", "*naʿar*": "young man/servant/attendant", "*maḥsôr*": "lack/need/want", "*dābār*": "thing/matter/word" } }

{ "verseID": "Judges.19.20", "source": "וַיֹּ֨אמֶר הָאִ֤ישׁ הַזָּקֵן֙ שָׁל֣וֹם לָ֔ךְ רַ֥ק כָּל־מַחְסוֹרְךָ֖ עָלָ֑י רַ֥ק בָּרְח֖וֹב אַל־תָּלַֽן׃", "text": "*wə-yōʾmer* the-*ʾîš* the-*zāqēn* *šālôm* to-you *raq* all-*maḥsôrəkā* upon-me *raq* in-the-*rəḥôb* *ʾal*-*tālan*", "grammar": { "*wə-yōʾmer*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he said", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the man", "*zāqēn*": "adjective, masculine singular with definite article - the old", "*šālôm*": "noun, masculine singular - peace", "*raq*": "adverb - only/surely", "*maḥsôrəkā*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your need", "*ʾal*": "negative particle - do not", "*tālan*": "qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular jussive - may you lodge" }, "variants": { "*šālôm*": "peace/welfare/completeness", "*raq*": "only/just/surely", "*maḥsôrəkā*": "your need/lack/want", "*rəḥôb*": "open place/square/broad street", "*tālan*": "lodge/spend the night/stay" } }

{ "verseID": "Judges.19.21", "source": "וַיְבִיאֵ֣הוּ לְבֵית֔וֹ וַיָּ֖בָול לַחֲמוֹרִ֑ים וַֽיִּרְחֲצוּ֙ רַגְלֵיהֶ֔ם וַיֹּאכְל֖וּ וַיִּשְׁתּֽוּ׃", "text": "*wə-yəbîʾēhû* to-*bêtô* *wə-yābūl* for-the-*ḥămôrîm* *wə-yirḥăṣû* *raglêhem* *wə-yōʾkəlû* *wə-yištû*", "grammar": { "*wə-yəbîʾēhû*": "conjunction + hiphil imperfect 3rd person masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - and he brought him", "*bêtô*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his house", "*wə-yābūl*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he gave fodder", "*ḥămôrîm*": "noun, masculine plural with definite article - the donkeys", "*wə-yirḥăṣû*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - and they washed", "*raglêhem*": "noun, feminine dual construct with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their feet", "*wə-yōʾkəlû*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - and they ate", "*wə-yištû*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - and they drank" }, "variants": { "*yəbîʾēhû*": "brought him/led him in/caused him to enter", "*yābūl*": "gave fodder/mixed feed/provided provender", "*yirḥăṣû*": "washed/cleansed/bathed", "*yōʾkəlû*": "ate/consumed/dined", "*yištû*": "drank/imbibed" } }

{ "verseID": "Judges.19.22", "source": "הֵמָּה֮ מֵיטִיבִ֣ים אֶת־לִבָּם֒ וְהִנֵּה֩ אַנְשֵׁ֨י הָעִ֜יר אַנְשֵׁ֣י בְנֵֽי־בְלִיַּ֗עַל נָסַ֙בּוּ֙ אֶת־הַבַּ֔יִת מִֽתְדַּפְּקִ֖ים עַל־הַדָּ֑לֶת וַיֹּאמְר֗וּ אֶל־הָ֠אִישׁ בַּ֣עַל הַבַּ֤יִת הַזָּקֵן֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר הוֹצֵ֗א אֶת־הָאִ֛ישׁ אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֥א אֶל־בֵּיתְךָ֖ וְנֵדָעֶֽנּוּ׃", "text": "They *mêṭîbîm* *ʾet*-*libbām* *wə-hinnēh* *ʾanšê* the-*ʿîr* *ʾanšê* *bənê*-*bəlîyaʿal* *nāsabbû* *ʾet*-the-*bayit* *mitdappəqîm* on-the-*dālet* *wə-yōʾmərû* to-the-*ʾîš* *baʿal* the-*bayit* the-*zāqēn* *lēʾmōr* *hôṣēʾ* *ʾet*-the-*ʾîš* who-*bāʾ* to-*bêtəkā* *wə-nēdāʿennû*", "grammar": { "*mêṭîbîm*": "hiphil participle masculine plural - making good", "*libbām*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their heart", "*wə-hinnēh*": "conjunction + demonstrative particle - and behold", "*ʾanšê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - men of", "*ʿîr*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the city", "*ʾanšê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - men of", "*bənê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons of", "*bəlîyaʿal*": "noun - worthlessness/wickedness", "*nāsabbû*": "niphal perfect 3rd person common plural - surrounded", "*bayit*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the house", "*mitdappəqîm*": "hithpael participle masculine plural - beating repeatedly", "*dālet*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the door", "*wə-yōʾmərû*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - and they said", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the man", "*baʿal*": "noun, masculine singular construct - owner of", "*bayit*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the house", "*zāqēn*": "adjective, masculine singular with definite article - the old", "*lēʾmōr*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - saying", "*hôṣēʾ*": "hiphil imperative masculine singular - bring out", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the man", "*bāʾ*": "qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - came", "*bêtəkā*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your house", "*wə-nēdāʿennû*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 1st person common plural with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - and we may know him" }, "variants": { "*mêṭîbîm*": "making good/pleasing/enjoying (their hearts)", "*libbām*": "their heart/mind/inner person", "*bəlîyaʿal*": "worthlessness/wickedness/evil", "*nāsabbû*": "surrounded/encompassed/encircled", "*mitdappəqîm*": "beating repeatedly/pounding/knocking", "*baʿal*": "owner/master/possessor", "*lēʾmōr*": "saying/speaking", "*hôṣēʾ*": "bring out/lead out/produce", "*nēdāʿennû*": "we may know him (sexually)/be intimate with him/have intercourse with him" } }

{ "verseID": "Judges.19.23", "source": "וַיֵּצֵ֣א אֲלֵיהֶ֗ם הָאִישׁ֙ בַּ֣עַל הַבַּ֔יִת וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֲלֵהֶ֔ם אַל־אַחַ֖י אַל־תָּרֵ֣עוּ נָ֑א אַ֠חֲרֵי אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֞א הָאִ֤ישׁ הַזֶּה֙ אַל־בֵּיתִ֔י אַֽל־תַּעֲשׂ֖וּ אֶת־הַנְּבָלָ֥ה הַזֹּֽאת׃", "text": "*wə-yēṣēʾ* to-them the-*ʾîš* *baʿal* the-*bayit* *wə-yōʾmer* to-them *ʾal*-my-brothers *ʾal*-*tārēʿû* *nāʾ* after that-*bāʾ* the-*ʾîš* this to-*bêtî* *ʾal*-*taʿăśû* *ʾet*-the-*nəbālāh* the-this", "grammar": { "*wə-yēṣēʾ*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he went out", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the man", "*baʿal*": "noun, masculine singular construct - owner of", "*bayit*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the house", "*wə-yōʾmer*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he said", "*ʾal*": "negative particle - do not", "*tārēʿû*": "hiphil imperfect 2nd person masculine plural - you act wickedly", "*nāʾ*": "particle of entreaty - please", "*bāʾ*": "qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - came", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the man", "*bêtî*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 1st person singular suffix - my house", "*ʾal*": "negative particle - do not", "*taʿăśû*": "qal imperfect 2nd person masculine plural - you do", "*nəbālāh*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the folly/disgraceful thing", "*zōʾt*": "demonstrative pronoun, feminine singular - this" }, "variants": { "*yēṣēʾ*": "went out/exited/came forth", "*baʿal*": "owner/master/possessor", "*tārēʿû*": "act wickedly/do evil/behave badly", "*nāʾ*": "please/I pray/now (particle of entreaty)", "*taʿăśû*": "do/make/commit", "*nəbālāh*": "folly/disgraceful thing/outrageous act" } }

{ "verseID": "Judges.19.24", "source": "הִנֵּה֩ בִתִּ֨י הַבְּתוּלָ֜ה וּפִֽילַגְשֵׁ֗הוּ אוֹצִֽיאָה־נָּ֤א אוֹתָם֙ וְעַנּ֣וּ אוֹתָ֔ם וַעֲשׂ֣וּ לָהֶ֔ם הַטּ֖וֹב בְּעֵינֵיכֶ֑ם וְלָאִ֤ישׁ הַזֶּה֙ לֹ֣א תַעֲשׂ֔וּ דְּבַ֖ר הַנְּבָלָ֥ה הַזֹּֽאת׃", "text": "*hinnēh* *bittî* the-*bətûlāh* *û-pîlagšēhû* *ʾôṣîʾāh*-*nāʾ* them *wə-ʿannû* them *wa-ʿăśû* to-them the-*ṭôb* in-*ʿênêkem* *wə-lāʾîš* the-this not *taʿăśû* *dəbar* the-*nəbālāh* the-this", "grammar": { "*hinnēh*": "demonstrative particle - behold", "*bittî*": "noun, feminine singular construct with 1st person singular suffix - my daughter", "*bətûlāh*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the virgin", "*û-pîlagšēhû*": "conjunction + noun, feminine singular construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - and his concubine", "*ʾôṣîʾāh*": "hiphil imperfect 1st person singular cohortative - let me bring out", "*nāʾ*": "particle of entreaty - please", "*wə-ʿannû*": "conjunction + piel imperative masculine plural - and humiliate/ravish", "*wa-ʿăśû*": "conjunction + qal imperative masculine plural - and do", "*ṭôb*": "adjective, masculine singular with definite article - the good", "*ʿênêkem*": "noun, feminine dual construct with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your eyes", "*wə-lāʾîš*": "conjunction + preposition + noun, masculine singular with definite article - and to the man", "*taʿăśû*": "qal imperfect 2nd person masculine plural - you do", "*dəbar*": "noun, masculine singular construct - matter of", "*nəbālāh*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the folly/disgraceful thing", "*zōʾt*": "demonstrative pronoun, feminine singular - this" }, "variants": { "*bittî*": "my daughter", "*bətûlāh*": "virgin/maiden", "*pîlagšēhû*": "his concubine/secondary wife", "*ʾôṣîʾāh*": "let me bring out/produce/lead out", "*ʿannû*": "humiliate/ravish/violate", "*ṭôb*": "good/pleasing/right", "*ʿênêkem*": "your eyes/sight (idiom for judgment or opinion)", "*dəbar*": "matter/thing/word" } }

{ "verseID": "Judges.19.25", "source": "וְלֹֽא־אָב֤וּ הָאֲנָשִׁים֙ לִשְׁמֹ֣עַֽ ל֔וֹ וַיַּחֲזֵ֤ק הָאִישׁ֙ בְּפִ֣ילַגְשׁ֔וֹ וַיֹּצֵ֥א אֲלֵיהֶ֖ם הַח֑וּץ וַיֵּדְע֣וּ א֠וֹתָהּ וַיִּֽתְעַלְּלוּ־בָ֤הּ כָּל־הַלַּ֙יְלָה֙ עַד־הַבֹּ֔קֶר וַֽיְשַׁלְּח֖וּהָ *בעלות **כַּעֲל֥וֹת הַשָּֽׁחַר׃", "text": "*wə-lōʾ*-*ʾābû* the-*ʾănāšîm* *lišmōʿa* to-him *wə-yaḥăzēq* the-*ʾîš* in-*pîlagšô* *wə-yōṣēʾ* to-them the-*ḥûṣ* *wə-yēdəʿû* her *wə-yitʿalləlû*-in-her all-the-*laylāh* until-the-*bōqer* *wə-yəšalləḥûhā* at-*kaʿălôt* the-*šāḥar*", "grammar": { "*wə-lōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*ʾābû*": "qal perfect 3rd person common plural - they were willing", "*ʾănāšîm*": "noun, masculine plural with definite article - the men", "*lišmōʿa*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to listen", "*wə-yaḥăzēq*": "conjunction + hiphil imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he seized", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the man", "*pîlagšô*": "noun, feminine singular construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his concubine", "*wə-yōṣēʾ*": "conjunction + hiphil imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he brought out", "*ḥûṣ*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the outside", "*wə-yēdəʿû*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - and they knew", "*wə-yitʿalləlû*": "conjunction + hithpael imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - and they abused", "*laylāh*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the night", "*bōqer*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the morning", "*wə-yəšalləḥûhā*": "conjunction + piel imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - and they sent her away", "*kaʿălôt*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - at the rising of", "*šāḥar*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the dawn" }, "variants": { "*ʾābû*": "were willing/consented/agreed", "*lišmōʿa*": "to listen/hear/obey", "*yaḥăzēq*": "seized/took hold of/grasped", "*yōṣēʾ*": "brought out/led out/sent out", "*yēdəʿû*": "knew (sexually)/had intercourse with/violated", "*yitʿalləlû*": "abused/maltreated/dealt wantonly with", "*laylāh*": "night/darkness", "*bōqer*": "morning/daybreak", "*yəšalləḥûhā*": "sent her away/dismissed her/let her go", "*kaʿălôt*": "at the rising of/when came up", "*šāḥar*": "dawn/daybreak/morning light" } }

{ "verseID": "Judges.19.26", "source": "וַתָּבֹ֥א הָאִשָּׁ֖ה לִפְנ֣וֹת הַבֹּ֑קֶר וַתִּפֹּ֞ל פֶּ֧תַח בֵּית־הָאִ֛ישׁ אֲשֶׁר־אֲדוֹנֶ֥יהָ שָּׁ֖ם עַד־הָאֽוֹר׃", "text": "*wə-tābōʾ* the-*ʾiššāh* *lipnôt* the-*bōqer* *wə-tippōl* *petaḥ* *bêt*-the-*ʾîš* that-*ʾădônêhā* there until-the-*ʾôr*", "grammar": { "*wə-tābōʾ*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd person feminine singular - and she came", "*ʾiššāh*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the woman", "*lipnôt*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - at the turning of", "*bōqer*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the morning", "*wə-tippōl*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd person feminine singular - and she fell", "*petaḥ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - entrance of", "*bêt*": "noun, masculine singular construct - house of", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the man", "*ʾădônêhā*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - her lords/master", "*ʾôr*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the light" }, "variants": { "*tābōʾ*": "came/arrived/entered", "*ʾiššāh*": "woman/wife", "*lipnôt*": "at the turning of/at the approach of/at daybreak", "*tippōl*": "fell/collapsed/fell down", "*petaḥ*": "entrance/doorway/opening", "*ʾădônêhā*": "her lords/master/husband", "*ʾôr*": "light/daylight/morning light" } }

{ "verseID": "Judges.19.27", "source": "וַיָּ֨קָם אֲדֹנֶ֜יהָ בַּבֹּ֗קֶר וַיִּפְתַּח֙ דַּלְת֣וֹת הַבַּ֔יִת וַיֵּצֵ֖א לָלֶ֣כֶת לְדַרְכּ֑וֹ וְהִנֵּ֧ה הָאִשָּׁ֣ה פִֽילַגְשׁ֗וֹ נֹפֶ֙לֶת֙ פֶּ֣תַח הַבַּ֔יִת וְיָדֶ֖יהָ עַל־הַסַּֽף׃", "text": "*wə-yāqām* *ʾădōneyhā* in-the-*bōqer* *wə-yiptaḥ* *daltôt* the-*bayit* *wə-yēṣēʾ* *lāleket* to-*darkô* *wə-hinnēh* the-*ʾiššāh* *pîlagšô* *nōpelet* *petaḥ* the-*bayit* *wə-yādeyhā* on-the-*sap*", "grammar": { "*wə-yāqām*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he arose", "*ʾădōneyhā*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - her lords/master", "*bōqer*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the morning", "*wə-yiptaḥ*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he opened", "*daltôt*": "noun, feminine plural construct - doors of", "*bayit*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the house", "*wə-yēṣēʾ*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he went out", "*lāleket*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to go", "*darkô*": "noun, feminine singular construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his way", "*wə-hinnēh*": "conjunction + demonstrative particle - and behold", "*ʾiššāh*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the woman", "*pîlagšô*": "noun, feminine singular construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his concubine", "*nōpelet*": "qal participle feminine singular - fallen", "*petaḥ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - entrance of", "*bayit*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the house", "*wə-yādeyhā*": "conjunction + noun, feminine dual construct with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - and her hands", "*sap*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the threshold" }, "variants": { "*yāqām*": "arose/got up/stood", "*ʾădōneyhā*": "her lords/master/husband", "*yiptaḥ*": "opened/unlocked", "*daltôt*": "doors/entrances", "*yēṣēʾ*": "went out/exited/departed", "*lāleket*": "to go/walk/travel", "*darkô*": "his way/journey/road", "*ʾiššāh*": "woman/wife", "*pîlagšô*": "his concubine/secondary wife", "*nōpelet*": "fallen/lying/collapsed", "*sap*": "threshold/doorstep/entrance" } }

{ "verseID": "Judges.19.28", "source": "וַיֹּ֧אמֶר אֵלֶ֛יהָ ק֥וּמִי וְנֵלֵ֖כָה וְאֵ֣ין עֹנֶ֑ה וַיִּקָּחֶ֙הָ֙ עַֽל־הַחֲמ֔וֹר וַיָּ֣קָם הָאִ֔ישׁ וַיֵּ֖לֶךְ לִמְקֹמֽוֹ׃", "text": "And *wayyōʾmer* to her *qûmî* and *wənēlēkāh* and *wəʾên* *ʿōneh*; and *wayyiqqāḥehā* upon *haḥămôr* and *wayyāqām* *hāʾîš* and *wayyēlek* to *limqōmô*.", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*ʾēlehā*": "preposition + 3rd feminine singular suffix - to her", "*qûmî*": "imperative, feminine singular - arise/get up", "*wənēlēkāh*": "waw conjunction + cohortative, 1st plural - and let us go", "*wəʾên*": "waw conjunction + particle of negation - and there was no", "*ʿōneh*": "participle, masculine singular - one answering", "*wayyiqqāḥehā*": "waw consecutive + imperfect, 3rd masculine singular + 3rd feminine singular suffix - and he took her", "*haḥămôr*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the donkey", "*wayyāqām*": "waw consecutive + imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he arose", "*hāʾîš*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the man", "*wayyēlek*": "waw consecutive + imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he went", "*limqōmô*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - to his place" }, "variants": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "and he said/spoke/commanded", "*qûmî*": "stand up/arise/get up", "*wənēlēkāh*": "and let us go/depart/walk", "*ʿōneh*": "answering/responding", "*wayyiqqāḥehā*": "and he took/carried/lifted her", "*haḥămôr*": "the donkey/ass", "*wayyāqām*": "and he arose/stood up/got up", "*hāʾîš*": "the man/husband/male", "*wayyēlek*": "and he went/walked/departed", "*limqōmô*": "to his place/home/dwelling" } }

{ "verseID": "Judges.19.29", "source": "וַיָּבֹ֣א אֶל־בֵּית֗וֹ וַיִּקַּ֤ח אֶת־הַֽמַּאֲכֶ֙לֶת֙ וַיַּחֲזֵ֣ק בְּפִֽילַגְשׁ֔וֹ וַֽיְנַתְּחֶ֙הָ֙ לַעֲצָמֶ֔יהָ לִשְׁנֵ֥ים עָשָׂ֖ר נְתָחִ֑ים וַֽיְשַׁלְּחֶ֔הָ בְּכֹ֖ל גְּב֥וּל יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃", "text": "And *wayyābōʾ* to *bêtô* and *wayyiqqaḥ* *ʾet-hammaʾăkelet* and *wayyaḥăzēq* in *pîlagšô* and *waynatteḥehā* according to *laʿăṣāmehā* to *lišnêm ʿāśār nətāḥîm* and *wayšalleḥehā* in all *gəbûl yiśrāʾēl*.", "grammar": { "*wayyābōʾ*": "waw consecutive + imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he came/entered", "*bêtô*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his house", "*wayyiqqaḥ*": "waw consecutive + imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he took", "*ʾet-hammaʾăkelet*": "direct object marker + definite article + noun, feminine singular - the knife", "*wayyaḥăzēq*": "waw consecutive + imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he seized/grasped", "*pîlagšô*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his concubine", "*waynatteḥehā*": "waw consecutive + Piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular + 3rd feminine singular suffix - and he cut her up", "*laʿăṣāmehā*": "preposition + noun, feminine plural + 3rd feminine singular suffix - according to her bones", "*lišnêm ʿāśār nətāḥîm*": "preposition + numeral (twelve) + noun, masculine plural - into twelve pieces", "*wayšalleḥehā*": "waw consecutive + Piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular + 3rd feminine singular suffix - and he sent her", "*gəbûl yiśrāʾēl*": "noun, masculine singular construct + proper noun - territory/border of Israel" }, "variants": { "*wayyābōʾ*": "and he came/entered/arrived", "*bêtô*": "his house/home/dwelling", "*wayyiqqaḥ*": "and he took/grasped/seized", "*hammaʾăkelet*": "the knife/cutting instrument", "*wayyaḥăzēq*": "and he seized/took hold of/grasped firmly", "*pîlagšô*": "his concubine/secondary wife", "*waynatteḥehā*": "and he cut her up/dismembered her/divided her", "*laʿăṣāmehā*": "according to her bones/limbs/body parts", "*nətāḥîm*": "pieces/parts/sections", "*wayšalleḥehā*": "and he sent her/dispatched her/sent her away", "*gəbûl yiśrāʾēl*": "territory of Israel/borders of Israel/regions of Israel" } }

{ "verseID": "Judges.19.30", "source": "וְהָיָ֣ה כָל־הָרֹאֶ֗ה וְאָמַר֙ לֹֽא־נִהְיְתָ֤ה וְלֹֽא־נִרְאֲתָה֙ כָּזֹ֔את לְמִיּ֞וֹם עֲל֤וֹת בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ מֵאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֔יִם עַ֖ד הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֑ה שִֽׂימוּ־לָכֶ֥ם עָלֶ֖יהָ עֻ֥צוּ וְדַבֵּֽרוּ׃ פ", "text": "And *wəhāyâ* all *hārōʾeh* and *wəʾāmar* not *nihyətâ* and not *nirʾătâ* like *kāzōʾt* from *miyyôm ʿălôt bənê-yiśrāʾēl* from *ʾereṣ miṣrayim* until *hayyôm hazzeh*; *śîmû-lākem* upon it *ʿuṣû wədabbērû*.", "grammar": { "*wəhāyâ*": "waw consecutive + perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and it came to pass/it happened", "*hārōʾeh*": "definite article + participle, masculine singular - the one seeing", "*wəʾāmar*": "waw consecutive + perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*nihyətâ*": "Niphal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - it has happened/occurred", "*nirʾătâ*": "Niphal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - it has been seen", "*kāzōʾt*": "preposition + demonstrative pronoun, feminine singular - like this", "*miyyôm*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - from the day", "*ʿălôt*": "infinitive construct - coming up/ascending", "*bənê-yiśrāʾēl*": "noun, masculine plural construct + proper noun - sons/children of Israel", "*ʾereṣ miṣrayim*": "noun, feminine singular construct + proper noun - land of Egypt", "*hayyôm hazzeh*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular + definite article + demonstrative adjective - this day", "*śîmû-lākem*": "imperative, masculine plural + preposition + 2nd masculine plural suffix - set for yourselves", "*ʿuṣû*": "imperative, masculine plural - take counsel/consider", "*wədabbērû*": "waw conjunction + Piel imperative, masculine plural - and speak" }, "variants": { "*wəhāyâ*": "and it happened/came to pass/occurred", "*hārōʾeh*": "the one seeing/observer/witness", "*wəʾāmar*": "and said/spoke/declared", "*nihyətâ*": "it has happened/occurred/taken place", "*nirʾătâ*": "it has been seen/observed/witnessed", "*kāzōʾt*": "like this/such as this/similar to this", "*miyyôm*": "from the day/since the day", "*ʿălôt*": "coming up/ascending/going up", "*bənê-yiśrāʾēl*": "children of Israel/Israelites", "*ʾereṣ miṣrayim*": "land of Egypt/country of Egypt", "*hayyôm hazzeh*": "this day/today/the present day", "*śîmû-lākem*": "set for yourselves/consider/take notice", "*ʿuṣû*": "take counsel/consider/deliberate", "*wədabbērû*": "and speak/talk/discuss" } }