{ "verseID": "Judges.8.1", "source": "וַיֹּאמְר֨וּ אֵלָ֜יו אִ֣ישׁ אֶפְרַ֗יִם מָֽה־הַדָּבָ֤ר הַזֶּה֙ עָשִׂ֣יתָ לָּ֔נוּ לְבִלְתִּי֙ קְרֹ֣אות לָ֔נוּ כִּ֥י הָלַ֖כְתָּ לְהִלָּחֵ֣ם בְּמִדְיָ֑ן וַיְרִיב֥וּן אִתּ֖וֹ בְּחָזְקָֽה׃", "text": "*wə-yōʾmərū* to-him *ʾîš ʾep̄rayim* what-the-*dāḇār* the-this *ʿāśîṯā* to-us to-not *qərōʾwṯ* to-us that *hālaḵtā* to-*hilāḥēm* in-*miḏyān wə-yərîḇūn* with-him in-*ḥāzəqâ*", "grammar": { "*wə-yōʾmərū*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they said", "*ʾîš ʾep̄rayim*": "construct relationship, masculine singular + proper noun - man/men of Ephraim", "*dāḇār*": "masculine singular noun - word/thing/matter", "*ʿāśîṯā*": "Qal perfect, 2nd masculine singular - you did/have done", "*qərōʾwṯ*": "Qal infinitive construct - to call", "*hālaḵtā*": "Qal perfect, 2nd masculine singular - you went", "*hilāḥēm*": "Niphal infinitive construct - to fight", "*miḏyān*": "proper noun - Midian", "*wə-yərîḇūn*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they contended/strove", "*ḥāzəqâ*": "feminine singular adjective - strongly/forcefully" }, "variants": { "*ʾîš ʾep̄rayim*": "man of Ephraim/men of Ephraim (collective singular)", "*dāḇār*": "word/thing/matter/action", "*yərîḇūn*": "contended/strove/quarreled/disputed", "*ḥāzəqâ*": "strongly/forcefully/severely" } }

{ "verseID": "Judges.8.2", "source": "וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֲלֵיהֶ֔ם מֶה־עָשִׂ֥יתִי עַתָּ֖ה כָּכֶ֑ם הֲל֗וֹא ט֛וֹב עֹלְל֥וֹת אֶפְרַ֖יִם מִבְצִ֥יר אֲבִיעֶֽזֶר׃", "text": "*wə-yōʾmer* to-them what-*ʿāśîṯî* now like-you *hălôʾ ṭôḇ ʿōləlôṯ ʾep̄rayim mibəṣîr ʾăḇîʿezer*", "grammar": { "*wə-yōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*ʿāśîṯî*": "Qal perfect, 1st common singular - I have done/did", "*hălôʾ*": "interrogative particle - is not?", "*ṭôḇ*": "masculine singular adjective - good/better", "*ʿōləlôṯ*": "feminine plural noun - gleanings", "*ʾep̄rayim*": "proper noun - Ephraim", "*mibəṣîr*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - than the harvest/vintage of", "*ʾăḇîʿezer*": "proper noun - Abiezer" }, "variants": { "*ʿōləlôṯ*": "gleanings/remnants", "*bəṣîr*": "grape harvest/vintage/gathering", "*ʾăḇîʿezer*": "Abiezer (proper name of Gideon's clan)" } }

{ "verseID": "Judges.8.3", "source": "בְּיֶדְכֶם֩ נָתַ֨ן אֱלֹהִ֜ים אֶת־שָׂרֵ֤י מִדְיָן֙ אֶת־עֹרֵ֣ב וְאֶת־זְאֵ֔ב וּמַה־יָּכֹ֖לְתִּי עֲשׂ֣וֹת כָּכֶ֑ם אָ֗ז רָפְתָ֤ה רוּחָם֙ מֵֽעָלָ֔יו בְּדַבְּר֖וֹ הַדָּבָ֥ר הַזֶּֽה׃", "text": "In-hand-of-you *nāṯan ʾĕlōhîm* *ʾeṯ*-*śārê miḏyān ʾeṯ-ʿōrēḇ wə-ʾeṯ-zəʾēḇ* and-what-*yāḵōltî ʿăśôṯ* like-you *ʾāz rāp̄ətâ rûḥām* from-upon-him in-*dabbərô* the-*dāḇār* the-this", "grammar": { "*nāṯan*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he gave", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "masculine plural noun (used as singular) - God", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*śārê*": "masculine plural construct - princes/chiefs of", "*miḏyān*": "proper noun - Midian", "*ʿōrēḇ*": "proper noun - Oreb", "*wə-ʾeṯ-zəʾēḇ*": "and + direct object marker + proper noun - and Zeeb", "*yāḵōltî*": "Qal perfect, 1st common singular - I was able", "*ʿăśôṯ*": "Qal infinitive construct - to do", "*ʾāz*": "adverb of time - then", "*rāp̄ətâ*": "Qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - relaxed/slackened", "*rûḥām*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their spirit", "*dabbərô*": "Piel infinitive construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his speaking" }, "variants": { "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "God/gods (grammatically plural form used as singular)", "*śārê*": "princes/chiefs/captains/leaders", "*rāp̄ətâ*": "slackened/relaxed/subsided/gave up", "*rûḥām*": "their spirit/anger/breath" } }

{ "verseID": "Judges.8.4", "source": "וַיָּבֹ֥א גִדְע֖וֹן הַיַּרְדֵּ֑נָה עֹבֵ֣ר ה֗וּא וּשְׁלֹשׁ־מֵא֤וֹת הָאִישׁ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אִתּ֔וֹ עֲיֵפִ֖ים וְרֹדְפִֽים׃", "text": "*wə-yāḇōʾ giḏʿôn ha-yardēnâ ʿōḇēr* he and-three-hundred the-*ʾîš* who with-him *ʿăyēp̄îm wə-rōḏəp̄îm*", "grammar": { "*wə-yāḇōʾ*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he came", "*giḏʿôn*": "proper noun - Gideon", "*ha-yardēnâ*": "definite article + proper noun + directional he suffix - to the Jordan", "*ʿōḇēr*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - passing over/crossing", "*ʾîš*": "masculine singular noun - man/men (collective)", "*ʿăyēp̄îm*": "masculine plural adjective - weary/tired/faint", "*wə-rōḏəp̄îm*": "waw conjunctive + Qal participle, masculine plural - and pursuing" }, "variants": { "*ha-yardēnâ*": "to the Jordan (directional ending)", "*ʾîš*": "man/men (collective singular)", "*ʿăyēp̄îm*": "weary/tired/faint/exhausted" } }

{ "verseID": "Judges.8.5", "source": "וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ לְאַנְשֵׁ֣י סֻכּ֔וֹת תְּנוּ־נָא֙ כִּכְּר֣וֹת לֶ֔חֶם לָעָ֖ם אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּרַגְלָ֑י כִּי־עֲיֵפִ֣ים הֵ֔ם וְאָנֹכִ֗י רֹדֵ֛ף אַחֲרֵ֛י זֶ֥בַח וְצַלְמֻנָּ֖ע מַלְכֵ֥י מִדְיָֽן׃", "text": "*wə-yōʾmer lə-ʾanšê sukkôṯ tənû-nāʾ kikərôṯ leḥem lā-ʿām* who in-feet-of-me for-*ʿăyēp̄îm* they and-I *rōḏēp̄* after *zeḇaḥ wə-ṣalmunnāʿ malḵê miḏyān*", "grammar": { "*wə-yōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*lə-ʾanšê*": "preposition + masculine plural construct - to men of", "*sukkôṯ*": "proper noun - Succoth", "*tənû-nāʾ*": "Qal imperative, masculine plural + particle of entreaty - give, please", "*kikərôṯ*": "feminine plural noun - loaves/rounds of", "*leḥem*": "masculine singular noun - bread", "*lā-ʿām*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun - to the people", "*ʿăyēp̄îm*": "masculine plural adjective - weary/tired", "*rōḏēp̄*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - pursuing", "*zeḇaḥ*": "proper noun - Zebah", "*wə-ṣalmunnāʿ*": "waw conjunctive + proper noun - and Zalmunna", "*malḵê*": "masculine plural construct - kings of", "*miḏyān*": "proper noun - Midian" }, "variants": { "*nāʾ*": "please/I pray (particle of entreaty)", "*kikərôṯ*": "loaves/rounds/cakes/discs", "*ʿăyēp̄îm*": "weary/tired/faint/exhausted" } }

{ "verseID": "Judges.8.6", "source": "וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ שָׂרֵ֣י סֻכּ֔וֹת הֲ֠כַף זֶ֧בַח וְצַלְמֻנָּ֛ע עַתָּ֖ה בְּיָדֶ֑ךָ כִּֽי־נִתֵּ֥ן לִֽצְבָאֲךָ֖ לָֽחֶם׃", "text": "*wə-yōʾmer śārê sukkôṯ hăḵap̄ zeḇaḥ wə-ṣalmunnāʿ* now in-hand-of-you that-*nittēn lə-ṣəḇāʾăḵā lāḥem*", "grammar": { "*wə-yōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and said", "*śārê*": "masculine plural construct - princes/chiefs of", "*sukkôṯ*": "proper noun - Succoth", "*hăḵap̄*": "interrogative particle + noun, masculine singular construct - is the palm/hand of", "*zeḇaḥ*": "proper noun - Zebah", "*wə-ṣalmunnāʿ*": "waw conjunctive + proper noun - and Zalmunna", "*nittēn*": "Qal imperfect, 1st common plural - we should give", "*lə-ṣəḇāʾăḵā*": "preposition + masculine singular noun + 2nd masculine singular suffix - to your army", "*lāḥem*": "masculine singular noun - bread" }, "variants": { "*śārê*": "princes/chiefs/captains/officials", "*kap̄*": "palm/hand/sole (implying control)", "*ṣəḇāʾăḵā*": "your army/host/troops" } }

{ "verseID": "Judges.8.7", "source": "וַיֹּ֣אמֶר גִּדְע֔וֹן לָכֵ֗ן בְּתֵ֧ת יְהוָ֛ה אֶת־זֶ֥בַח וְאֶת־צַלְמֻנָּ֖ע בְּיָדִ֑י וְדַשְׁתִּי֙ אֶת־בְּשַׂרְכֶ֔ם אֶת־קוֹצֵ֥י הַמִּדְבָּ֖ר וְאֶת־הַֽבַּרְקֳנִֽים׃", "text": "*wə-yōʾmer giḏʿôn lāḵēn bə-tēṯ YHWH ʾeṯ-zeḇaḥ wə-ʾeṯ-ṣalmunnāʿ* in-hand-of-me *wə-ḏaštî ʾeṯ-bəśarḵem ʾeṯ-qôṣê ha-miḏbār wə-ʾeṯ-ha-barqŏnîm*", "grammar": { "*wə-yōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and said", "*giḏʿôn*": "proper noun - Gideon", "*lāḵēn*": "adverb - therefore", "*bə-tēṯ*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - when gives", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - Yahweh", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*zeḇaḥ*": "proper noun - Zebah", "*wə-ʾeṯ-ṣalmunnāʿ*": "waw conjunctive + direct object marker + proper noun - and Zalmunna", "*wə-ḏaštî*": "waw consecutive + Qal perfect, 1st common singular - then I will thresh", "*ʾeṯ-bəśarḵem*": "direct object marker + masculine singular noun + 2nd masculine plural suffix - your flesh", "*ʾeṯ-qôṣê*": "direct object marker + masculine plural construct - thorns of", "*ha-miḏbār*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the wilderness", "*wə-ʾeṯ-ha-barqŏnîm*": "waw conjunctive + direct object marker + definite article + masculine plural noun - and the briers" }, "variants": { "*lāḵēn*": "therefore/thus/so", "*ḏaštî*": "I will thresh/tear/trample", "*qôṣê*": "thorns/briars/thistles", "*barqŏnîm*": "briers/thistles/thorny plants" } }

{ "verseID": "Judges.8.8", "source": "וַיַּ֤עַל מִשָּׁם֙ פְּנוּאֵ֔ל וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר אֲלֵיהֶ֖ם כָּזֹ֑את וַיַּעֲנ֤וּ אוֹתוֹ֙ אַנְשֵׁ֣י פְנוּאֵ֔ל כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר עָנ֖וּ אַנְשֵׁ֥י סֻכּֽוֹת׃", "text": "*wə-yaʿal miššām pənûʾēl wə-yəḏabbēr* to-them like-this *wə-yaʿănû ʾôṯô ʾanšê p̄ənûʾēl ka-ʾăšer ʿānû ʾanšê sukkôṯ*", "grammar": { "*wə-yaʿal*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he went up", "*miššām*": "preposition + adverb - from there", "*pənûʾēl*": "proper noun - Penuel", "*wə-yəḏabbēr*": "waw consecutive + Piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he spoke", "*wə-yaʿănû*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd common plural - and they answered", "*ʾôṯô*": "direct object marker + 3rd masculine singular suffix - him", "*ʾanšê*": "masculine plural construct - men of", "*p̄ənûʾēl*": "proper noun - Penuel", "*ka-ʾăšer*": "preposition + relative pronoun - just as", "*ʿānû*": "Qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they answered", "*ʾanšê*": "masculine plural construct - men of", "*sukkôṯ*": "proper noun - Succoth" }, "variants": { "*pənûʾēl*": "Penuel (place name, means 'face of God')" } }

{ "verseID": "Judges.8.9", "source": "וַיֹּ֛אמֶר גַּם־לְאַנְשֵׁ֥י פְנוּאֵ֖ל לֵאמֹ֑ר בְּשׁוּבִ֣י בְשָׁל֔וֹם אֶתֹּ֖ץ אֶת־הַמִּגְדָּ֥ל הַזֶּֽה׃ פ", "text": "*wə-yōʾmer* also-to-*ʾanšê p̄ənûʾēl lēʾmōr bə-šûḇî ḇə-šālôm ʾeṯōṣ ʾeṯ-ha-miḡdāl ha-ze*", "grammar": { "*wə-yōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*ʾanšê*": "masculine plural construct - men of", "*p̄ənûʾēl*": "proper noun - Penuel", "*lēʾmōr*": "Qal infinitive construct - saying", "*bə-šûḇî*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct + 1st common singular suffix - in my returning", "*ḇə-šālôm*": "preposition + masculine singular noun - in peace", "*ʾeṯōṣ*": "Qal imperfect, 1st common singular - I will break down", "*ʾeṯ-ha-miḡdāl*": "direct object marker + definite article + masculine singular noun - the tower", "*ha-ze*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun - this" }, "variants": { "*šûḇî*": "my returning/coming back", "*šālôm*": "peace/safety/well-being/completeness", "*ʾeṯōṣ*": "I will break down/tear down/demolish" } }

{ "verseID": "Judges.8.10", "source": "וְזֶ֨בַח וְצַלְמֻנָּ֜ע בַּקַּרְקֹ֗ר וּמַחֲנֵיהֶ֤ם עִמָּם֙ כַּחֲמֵ֤שֶׁת עָשָׂר֙ אֶ֔לֶף כֹּ֚ל הַנּ֣וֹתָרִ֔ים מִכֹּ֖ל מַחֲנֵ֣ה בְנֵי־קֶ֑דֶם וְהַנֹּ֣פְלִ֔ים מֵאָ֨ה וְעֶשְׂרִ֥ים אֶ֛לֶף אִ֖ישׁ שֹׁ֥לֵֽף חָֽרֶב׃", "text": "*wə-zeḇaḥ wə-ṣalmunnāʿ ba-qarqōr û-maḥănêhem* with-them about-fifteen thousand all the-*nôṯārîm* from-all *maḥănê ḇənê-qeḏem wə-ha-nōp̄ləîm* hundred and-twenty thousand *ʾîš šōlēp̄ ḥāreḇ*", "grammar": { "*wə-zeḇaḥ*": "waw conjunctive + proper noun - and Zebah", "*wə-ṣalmunnāʿ*": "waw conjunctive + proper noun - and Zalmunna", "*ba-qarqōr*": "preposition + definite article + proper noun - in Karkor", "*û-maḥănêhem*": "waw conjunctive + masculine plural noun + 3rd masculine plural suffix - and their camp", "*nôṯārîm*": "Niphal participle, masculine plural - those remaining/left over", "*maḥănê*": "masculine singular construct - camp of", "*ḇənê-qeḏem*": "masculine plural construct + proper noun - sons of the east", "*wə-ha-nōp̄ləîm*": "waw conjunctive + definite article + Qal participle, masculine plural - and the fallen ones", "*ʾîš*": "masculine singular noun - man/men", "*šōlēp̄*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - drawing/pulling out", "*ḥāreḇ*": "feminine singular noun - sword" }, "variants": { "*qarqōr*": "Karkor (place name)", "*nôṯārîm*": "remaining/left/survivors", "*ḇənê-qeḏem*": "sons of the east/easterners", "*nōp̄ləîm*": "fallen/killed/those who had fallen", "*šōlēp̄ ḥāreḇ*": "drawing sword/armed men/warriors" } }

{ "verseID": "Judges.8.11", "source": "וַיַּ֣עַל גִּדְע֗וֹן דֶּ֚רֶךְ הַשְּׁכוּנֵ֣י בֽ͏ָאֳהָלִ֔ים מִקֶּ֥דֶם לְנֹ֖בַח וְיָגְבֳּהָ֑ה וַיַּךְ֙ אֶת־הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֔ה וְהַֽמַּחֲנֶ֖ה הָ֥יָה בֶֽטַח׃", "text": "*wə-yaʿal giḏʿôn dereḵ ha-ššəḵûnê ḇā-ʾŏhālîm mi-qeḏem lə-nōḇaḥ wə-yāḡbŏhâ wə-yak ʾeṯ-ha-mmaḥăne wə-ha-mmaḥăne hāyâ ḇeṭaḥ*", "grammar": { "*wə-yaʿal*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he went up", "*giḏʿôn*": "proper noun - Gideon", "*dereḵ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - way/road of", "*ha-ššəḵûnê*": "definite article + Qal participle, masculine plural construct - the dwellers of", "*ḇā-ʾŏhālîm*": "preposition + definite article + masculine plural noun - in the tents", "*mi-qeḏem*": "preposition + noun - from east of", "*lə-nōḇaḥ*": "preposition + proper noun - to Nobah", "*wə-yāḡbŏhâ*": "waw conjunctive + proper noun - and Jogbehah", "*wə-yak*": "waw consecutive + Hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he struck", "*ʾeṯ-ha-mmaḥăne*": "direct object marker + definite article + masculine singular noun - the camp", "*wə-ha-mmaḥăne*": "waw conjunctive + definite article + masculine singular noun - and the camp", "*hāyâ*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - was", "*ḇeṭaḥ*": "masculine singular noun - secure/confident" }, "variants": { "*dereḵ ha-ššəḵûnê ḇā-ʾŏhālîm*": "way of tent-dwellers/road of nomads", "*ḇeṭaḥ*": "secure/confident/unsuspecting" } }

{ "verseID": "Judges.8.12", "source": "וַיָּנ֗וּסוּ זֶ֚בַח וְצַלְמֻנָּ֔ע וַיִּרְדֹּ֖ף אַחֲרֵיהֶ֑ם וַיִּלְכֹּ֞ד אֶת־שְׁנֵ֣י ׀ מַלְכֵ֣י מִדְיָ֗ן אֶת־זֶ֙בַח֙ וְאֶת־צַלְמֻנָּ֔ע וְכָל־הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֖ה הֶחֱרִֽיד׃", "text": "*wə-yānûsû zeḇaḥ wə-ṣalmunnāʿ wə-yirdōp̄* after-them *wə-yilkōḏ ʾeṯ-šənê malḵê miḏyān ʾeṯ-zeḇaḥ wə-ʾeṯ-ṣalmunnāʿ wə-ḵāl-ha-mmaḥăne heḥĕrîḏ*", "grammar": { "*wə-yānûsû*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they fled", "*zeḇaḥ*": "proper noun - Zebah", "*wə-ṣalmunnāʿ*": "waw conjunctive + proper noun - and Zalmunna", "*wə-yirdōp̄*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he pursued", "*wə-yilkōḏ*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he captured", "*ʾeṯ-šənê*": "direct object marker + numeral, masculine dual construct - the two of", "*malḵê*": "masculine plural construct - kings of", "*miḏyān*": "proper noun - Midian", "*ʾeṯ-zeḇaḥ*": "direct object marker + proper noun - Zebah", "*wə-ʾeṯ-ṣalmunnāʿ*": "waw conjunctive + direct object marker + proper noun - and Zalmunna", "*wə-ḵāl-ha-mmaḥăne*": "waw conjunctive + noun, masculine singular construct + definite article + masculine singular noun - and all the camp", "*heḥĕrîḏ*": "Hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he terrified/threw into panic" }, "variants": { "*heḥĕrîḏ*": "terrified/threw into panic/threw into confusion" } }

{ "verseID": "Judges.8.13", "source": "וַיָּ֛שָׁב גִּדְע֥וֹן בֶּן־יוֹאָ֖שׁ מִן־הַמִּלְחָמָ֑ה מִֽלְמַעֲלֵ֖ה הֶחָֽרֶס׃", "text": "*wə-yāšāḇ giḏʿôn ben-yôʾāš min-ha-mmilḥāmâ mi-lmaʿălê he-ḥāres*", "grammar": { "*wə-yāšāḇ*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he returned", "*giḏʿôn*": "proper noun - Gideon", "*ben-yôʾāš*": "masculine singular construct + proper noun - son of Joash", "*min-ha-mmilḥāmâ*": "preposition + definite article + feminine singular noun - from the battle", "*mi-lmaʿălê*": "preposition + masculine singular construct - from the ascent of", "*he-ḥāres*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the Heres/sun" }, "variants": { "*lmaʿălê he-ḥāres*": "ascent of Heres/ascent of the sun/pass of Heres" } }

{ "verseID": "Judges.8.14", "source": "וַיִּלְכָּד־נַ֛עַר מֵאַנְשֵׁ֥י סֻכּ֖וֹת וַיִּשְׁאָלֵ֑הוּ וַיִּכְתֹּ֨ב אֵלָ֜יו אֶת־שָׂרֵ֤י סֻכּוֹת֙ וְאֶת־זְקֵנֶ֔יהָ שִׁבְעִ֥ים וְשִׁבְעָ֖ה אִֽישׁ׃", "text": "*wə-yilkāḏ-naʿar mē-ʾanšê sukkôṯ wə-yišʾālēhû wə-yiḵtōḇ ʾēlāw ʾeṯ-śārê sukkôṯ wə-ʾeṯ-zəqēnêhā šiḇʿîm wə-šiḇʿâ ʾîš*", "grammar": { "*wə-yilkāḏ*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he caught", "*naʿar*": "masculine singular noun - young man/boy", "*mē-ʾanšê*": "preposition + masculine plural construct - from men of", "*sukkôṯ*": "proper noun - Succoth", "*wə-yišʾālēhû*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - and he asked him", "*wə-yiḵtōḇ*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he wrote down", "*ʾēlāw*": "preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - to him", "*ʾeṯ-śārê*": "direct object marker + masculine plural construct - the princes/officials of", "*sukkôṯ*": "proper noun - Succoth", "*wə-ʾeṯ-zəqēnêhā*": "waw conjunctive + direct object marker + masculine plural construct + 3rd feminine singular suffix - and its elders", "*šiḇʿîm*": "numeral, masculine - seventy", "*wə-šiḇʿâ*": "waw conjunctive + numeral, feminine - and seven", "*ʾîš*": "masculine singular noun - man/men" }, "variants": { "*naʿar*": "young man/boy/youth/servant", "*śārê*": "princes/officials/leaders/captains", "*zəqēnêhā*": "its elders/its old men/its leaders" } }

{ "verseID": "Judges.8.15", "source": "וַיָּבֹא֙ אֶל־אַנְשֵׁ֣י סֻכּ֔וֹת וַיֹּ֕אמֶר הִנֵּ֖ה זֶ֣בַח וְצַלְמֻנָּ֑ע אֲשֶׁר֩ חֵרַפְתֶּ֨ם אוֹתִ֜י לֵאמֹ֗ר הֲ֠כַף זֶ֣בַח וְצַלְמֻנָּ֤ע עַתָּה֙ בְּיָדֶ֔ךָ כִּ֥י נִתֵּ֛ן לַאֲנָשֶׁ֥יךָ הַיְּעֵפִ֖ים לָֽחֶם׃", "text": "*wə-yāḇōʾ ʾel-ʾanšê sukkôṯ wə-yōʾmer hinnê zeḇaḥ wə-ṣalmunnāʿ ʾăšer ḥērap̄tem ʾôṯî lēʾmōr hăḵap̄ zeḇaḥ wə-ṣalmunnāʿ* now in-hand-of-you that *nittēn la-ʾănāšêḵā ha-yəʿēp̄îm lāḥem*", "grammar": { "*wə-yāḇōʾ*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he came", "*ʾel-ʾanšê*": "preposition + masculine plural construct - to men of", "*sukkôṯ*": "proper noun - Succoth", "*wə-yōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*hinnê*": "demonstrative particle - behold", "*zeḇaḥ*": "proper noun - Zebah", "*wə-ṣalmunnāʿ*": "waw conjunctive + proper noun - and Zalmunna", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - whom", "*ḥērap̄tem*": "Piel perfect, 2nd masculine plural - you taunted/reproached", "*ʾôṯî*": "direct object marker + 1st common singular suffix - me", "*lēʾmōr*": "Qal infinitive construct - saying", "*hăḵap̄*": "interrogative particle + noun, masculine singular construct - is the palm/hand of", "*zeḇaḥ*": "proper noun - Zebah", "*wə-ṣalmunnāʿ*": "waw conjunctive + proper noun - and Zalmunna", "*nittēn*": "Qal imperfect, 1st common plural - we should give", "*la-ʾănāšêḵā*": "preposition + masculine plural noun + 2nd masculine singular suffix - to your men", "*ha-yəʿēp̄îm*": "definite article + adjective, masculine plural - the weary", "*lāḥem*": "masculine singular noun - bread" }, "variants": { "*ḥērap̄tem*": "you taunted/reproached/insulted/mocked", "*kap̄*": "palm/hand/power" } }

{ "verseID": "Judges.8.16", "source": "וַיִּקַּח֙ אֶת־זִקְנֵ֣י הָעִ֔יר וְאֶת־קוֹצֵ֥י הַמִּדְבָּ֖ר וְאֶת־הַֽבַּרְקֳנִ֑ים וַיֹּ֣דַע בָּהֶ֔ם אֵ֖ת אַנְשֵׁ֥י סֻכּֽוֹת׃", "text": "And *wayyiqqaḥ* [he took] *ʾet*-*ziqnê* [the elders of] *hāʿîr* [the city] and *ʾet*-*qôṣê* [the thorns of] *hammidbār* [the wilderness] and *ʾet*-*habbarqŏnîm* [the briers], and *wayyōdaʿ* [he made known/taught] *bāhem* [with them] *ʾēt* *ʾanšê* [the men of] *sukkôt* [Succoth].", "grammar": { "*wayyiqqaḥ*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he took", "*ziqnê*": "construct plural of *zāqēn* - elders of", "*hāʿîr*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the city", "*qôṣê*": "construct plural of *qôṣ* - thorns of", "*hammidbār*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the wilderness", "*habbarqŏnîm*": "definite article + noun, masculine plural - the briers/thistles", "*wayyōdaʿ*": "waw consecutive + hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular of *yādaʿ* - and he made known/taught", "*bāhem*": "preposition *bĕ* + 3rd masculine plural pronoun - with them/by them", "*ʾanšê*": "construct plural of *ʾîš* - men of", "*sukkôt*": "proper noun - Succoth" }, "variants": { "*wayyōdaʿ*": "made known/taught/chastised/punished", "*bāhem*": "with them/by them/through them", "*qôṣê*": "thorns/briars/thorn bushes", "*barqŏnîm*": "briers/thistles/thorny plants" } }

{ "verseID": "Judges.8.17", "source": "וְאֶת־מִגְדַּ֥ל פְּנוּאֵ֖ל נָתָ֑ץ וַֽיַּהֲרֹ֖ג אֶת־אַנְשֵׁ֥י הָעִֽיר׃", "text": "And *ʾet*-*migdal* [tower of] *pənûʾēl* [Penuel] *nātāṣ* [he broke down], and *wayyahărōg* [he killed] *ʾet*-*ʾanšê* [the men of] *hāʿîr* [the city].", "grammar": { "*migdal*": "construct singular - tower of", "*pənûʾēl*": "proper noun - Penuel", "*nātāṣ*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he broke down/demolished", "*wayyahărōg*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular of *hārag* - and he killed", "*ʾanšê*": "construct plural of *ʾîš* - men of", "*hāʿîr*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the city" }, "variants": { "*nātāṣ*": "broke down/demolished/pulled down/destroyed", "*migdal*": "tower/stronghold" } }

{ "verseID": "Judges.8.18", "source": "וַיֹּ֗אמֶר אֶל־זֶ֙בַח֙ וְאֶל־צַלְמֻנָּ֔ע אֵיפֹה֙ הָאֲנָשִׁ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר הֲרַגְתֶּ֖ם בְּתָב֑וֹר וַֽיֹּאמרוּ֙ כָּמ֣וֹךָ כְמוֹהֶ֔ם אֶחָ֕ד כְּתֹ֖אַר בְּנֵ֥י הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃", "text": "And *wayyōʾmer* [he said] *ʾel*-*zebaḥ* [to Zebah] and *ʾel*-*ṣalmunnāʿ* [to Zalmunna], *ʾêpōh* [where] *hāʾănāšîm* [the men] *ʾăšer* [whom] *hăragtem* [you killed] *bətābôr* [in Tabor]? And *wayyōʾmrû* [they said], *kāmôkā* [like you] *kəmôhem* [like them], *ʾeḥād* [each one] *kətōʾar* [according to the appearance of] *bənê* [sons of] *hammelek* [the king].", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular of *ʾāmar* - and he said", "*zebaḥ*": "proper noun - Zebah", "*ṣalmunnāʿ*": "proper noun - Zalmunna", "*ʾêpōh*": "interrogative adverb - where", "*hāʾănāšîm*": "definite article + noun, masculine plural - the men", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - whom/that", "*hăragtem*": "qal perfect, 2nd masculine plural of *hārag* - you killed", "*bətābôr*": "preposition *bĕ* + proper noun - in Tabor", "*wayyōʾmrû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural of *ʾāmar* - and they said", "*kāmôkā*": "preposition *kə* + 2nd masculine singular pronoun - like you", "*kəmôhem*": "preposition *kə* + 3rd masculine plural pronoun - like them", "*ʾeḥād*": "numeral/adjective, masculine singular - one/each one", "*kətōʾar*": "preposition *kə* + construct singular - according to the appearance of", "*bənê*": "construct plural of *bēn* - sons of", "*hammelek*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the king" }, "variants": { "*tōʾar*": "appearance/form/figure", "*ʾeḥād*": "one/each one/every one" } }

{ "verseID": "Judges.8.19", "source": "וַיֹּאמַ֕ר אַחַ֥י בְּנֵֽי־אִמִּ֖י הֵ֑ם חַי־יְהוָ֗ה ל֚וּ הַחֲיִתֶ֣ם אוֹתָ֔ם לֹ֥א הָרַ֖גְתִּי אֶתְכֶֽם׃", "text": "And *wayyōʾmar* [he said], *ʾaḥay* [my brothers] *bənê*-*ʾimmî* [sons of my mother] *hēm* [they were]; *ḥay*-*YHWH* [as YHWH lives], *lû* [if] *haḥăyîtem* [you had kept alive] *ʾôtām* [them], *lōʾ* [not] *hāragtî* [I would have killed] *ʾetkem* [you].", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmar*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular of *ʾāmar* - and he said", "*ʾaḥay*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 1st person singular suffix - my brothers", "*bənê*": "construct plural of *bēn* - sons of", "*ʾimmî*": "noun, feminine singular with 1st person singular suffix - my mother", "*hēm*": "3rd masculine plural pronoun - they", "*ḥay*": "adjective, masculine singular construct - living/as lives", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD/Yahweh", "*lû*": "conditional particle - if", "*haḥăyîtem*": "hiphil perfect, 2nd masculine plural of *ḥāyâ* - you had kept alive", "*ʾôtām*": "direct object marker + 3rd masculine plural suffix - them", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*hāragtî*": "qal perfect, 1st person singular of *hārag* - I would have killed", "*ʾetkem*": "direct object marker + 2nd masculine plural suffix - you" }, "variants": { "*lû*": "if/if only (expressing wish or condition)", "*ḥay*-*YHWH*": "as YHWH lives/by the life of YHWH (oath formula)" } }

{ "verseID": "Judges.8.20", "source": "וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ לְיֶ֣תֶר בְּכוֹר֔וֹ ק֖וּם הֲרֹ֣ג אוֹתָ֑ם וְלֹא־שָׁלַ֨ף הַנַּ֤עַר חַרְבּוֹ֙ כִּ֣י יָרֵ֔א כִּ֥י עוֹדֶ֖נּוּ נָֽעַר׃", "text": "And *wayyōʾmer* [he said] *ləyeter* [to Jether] *bəkôrô* [his firstborn], *qûm* [arise] *hărōg* [kill] *ʾôtām* [them]; and *wəlōʾ*-*šālap* [not drew] *hannaʿar* [the youth] *ḥarbô* [his sword], *kî* [because] *yārēʾ* [he feared], *kî* [because] *ʿôdennû* [he was still] *nāʿar* [a youth].", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular of *ʾāmar* - and he said", "*ləyeter*": "preposition *lə* + proper noun - to Jether", "*bəkôrô*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his firstborn", "*qûm*": "qal imperative, masculine singular - arise", "*hărōg*": "qal imperative, masculine singular of *hārag* - kill", "*ʾôtām*": "direct object marker + 3rd masculine plural suffix - them", "*wəlōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*šālap*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - drew/pulled out", "*hannaʿar*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the youth", "*ḥarbô*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his sword", "*kî*": "conjunction - because/for", "*yārēʾ*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he feared", "*ʿôdennû*": "adverb + 3rd masculine singular suffix - he was still", "*nāʿar*": "noun, masculine singular - a youth/a boy" }, "variants": { "*nāʿar*": "youth/boy/young man", "*qûm*": "arise/stand/get up" } }

{ "verseID": "Judges.8.21", "source": "וַיֹּ֜אמֶר זֶ֣בַח וְצַלְמֻנָּ֗ע ק֤וּם אַתָּה֙ וּפְגַע־בָּ֔נוּ כִּ֥י כָאִ֖ישׁ גְּבוּרָת֑וֹ וַיָּ֣קָם גִּדְע֗וֹן וַֽיַּהֲרֹג֙ אֶת־זֶ֣בַח וְאֶת־צַלְמֻנָּ֔ע וַיִּקַּח֙ אֶת־הַשַּׂ֣הֲרֹנִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֖ר בְּצַוְּארֵ֥י גְמַלֵּיהֶֽם׃", "text": "And *wayyōʾmer* [said] *zebaḥ* [Zebah] and *ṣalmunnāʿ* [Zalmunna], *qûm* [arise] *ʾattāh* [you] *ûpəgaʿ*-*bānû* [and fall upon us], *kî* [for] *kāʾîš* [as the man] *gəbûrātô* [his strength]; and *wayyāqom* [arose] *gidʿôn* [Gideon] *wayyahărōg* [and killed] *ʾet*-*zebaḥ* [Zebah] and *ʾet*-*ṣalmunnāʿ* [Zalmunna], and *wayyiqqaḥ* [he took] *ʾet*-*haśśahărōnîm* [the crescents] *ʾăšer* [that were] *bəṣawwərê* [on the necks of] *gəmallêhem* [their camels].", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular of *ʾāmar* - and said", "*zebaḥ*": "proper noun - Zebah", "*ṣalmunnāʿ*": "proper noun - Zalmunna", "*qûm*": "qal imperative, masculine singular - arise", "*ʾattāh*": "2nd masculine singular pronoun - you", "*ûpəgaʿ*": "conjunction + qal imperative, masculine singular of *pāgaʿ* - and fall upon", "*bānû*": "preposition *bə* + 1st common plural suffix - upon us", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*kāʾîš*": "preposition *kə* + noun, masculine singular - as the man", "*gəbûrātô*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his strength", "*wayyāqom*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular of *qûm* - and arose", "*gidʿôn*": "proper noun - Gideon", "*wayyahărōg*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular of *hārag* - and killed", "*haśśahărōnîm*": "definite article + noun, masculine plural - the crescents", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - that", "*bəṣawwərê*": "preposition *bə* + construct plural of *ṣawwār* - on the necks of", "*gəmallêhem*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their camels" }, "variants": { "*pəgaʿ*": "fall upon/attack/strike", "*śahărōnîm*": "crescents/moon-shaped ornaments", "*gəbûrātô*": "his strength/his might/his power" } }

{ "verseID": "Judges.8.22", "source": "וַיֹּאמְר֤וּ אִֽישׁ־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ אֶל־גִּדְע֔וֹן מְשָׁל־בָּ֙נוּ֙ גַּם־אַתָּ֔ה גַּם־בִּנְךָ֖ גַּ֣ם בֶּן־בְּנֶ֑ךָ כִּ֥י הוֹשַׁעְתָּ֖נוּ מִיַּ֥ד מִדְיָֽן׃", "text": "And *wayyōʾmərû* [said] *ʾîš*-*yiśrāʾēl* [men of Israel] *ʾel*-*gidʿôn* [to Gideon], *məšāl*-*bānû* [rule over us], *gam*-*ʾattāh* [also you], *gam*-*binkā* [also your son], *gam* *ben*-*bənekā* [also son of your son], *kî* [because] *hôšaʿtānû* [you have saved us] *miyyad* [from the hand of] *midyān* [Midian].", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmərû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural of *ʾāmar* - and said", "*ʾîš*-*yiśrāʾēl*": "construct form - men of Israel", "*ʾel*-*gidʿôn*": "preposition + proper noun - to Gideon", "*məšāl*": "qal imperative, masculine singular of *māšal* - rule", "*bānû*": "preposition *bə* + 1st common plural suffix - over us", "*gam*": "adverb - also/even", "*ʾattāh*": "2nd masculine singular pronoun - you", "*binkā*": "noun, masculine singular with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your son", "*ben*-*bənekā*": "construct + noun, masculine singular with 2nd masculine singular suffix - son of your son", "*kî*": "conjunction - because/for", "*hôšaʿtānû*": "hiphil perfect, 2nd masculine singular of *yāšaʿ* with 1st common plural suffix - you have saved us", "*miyyad*": "preposition *min* + noun, feminine singular construct - from the hand of", "*midyān*": "proper noun - Midian" }, "variants": { "*māšal*": "rule/have dominion/reign", "*yad*": "hand/power/control" } }

{ "verseID": "Judges.8.23", "source": "וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֲלֵהֶם֙ גִּדְע֔וֹן לֹֽא־אֶמְשֹׁ֤ל אֲנִי֙ בָּכֶ֔ם וְלֹֽא־יִמְשֹׁ֥ל בְּנִ֖י בָּכֶ֑ם יְהוָ֖ה יִמְשֹׁ֥ל בָּכֶֽם׃", "text": "And *wayyōʾmer* [said] *ʾălêhem* [to them] *gidʿôn* [Gideon], *lōʾ*-*ʾemšōl* [I will not rule] *ʾănî* [I] *bākem* [over you], and *wəlōʾ*-*yimšōl* [will not rule] *bənî* [my son] *bākem* [over you]; *YHWH* [YHWH] *yimšōl* [will rule] *bākem* [over you].", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular of *ʾāmar* - and said", "*ʾălêhem*": "preposition *ʾel* + 3rd masculine plural suffix - to them", "*gidʿôn*": "proper noun - Gideon", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*ʾemšōl*": "qal imperfect, 1st person singular of *māšal* - I will rule", "*ʾănî*": "1st person singular pronoun - I", "*bākem*": "preposition *bə* + 2nd masculine plural suffix - over you", "*wəlōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*yimšōl*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular of *māšal* - will rule", "*bənî*": "noun, masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - my son", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD/Yahweh", "*yimšōl*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular of *māšal* - will rule" }, "variants": { "*māšal*": "rule/reign/have dominion" } }

{ "verseID": "Judges.8.24", "source": "וַיֹּ֨אמֶר אֲלֵהֶ֜ם גִּדְע֗וֹן אֶשְׁאֲלָ֤ה מִכֶּם֙ שְׁאֵלָ֔ה וּתְנוּ־לִ֕י אִ֖ישׁ נֶ֣זֶם שְׁלָל֑וֹ כִּֽי־נִזְמֵ֤י זָהָב֙ לָהֶ֔ם כִּ֥י יִשְׁמְעֵאלִ֖ים הֵֽם׃", "text": "And *wayyōʾmer* [said] *ʾălêhem* [to them] *gidʿôn* [Gideon], *ʾešʾălāh* [let me request] *mikkem* [from you] *šəʾēlāh* [a request], and *ûtənû*-*lî* [give to me] *ʾîš* [each man] *nezem* [earring of] *šəlālô* [his spoil]; *kî*-*nizmê* [for earrings of] *zāhāb* [gold] *lāhem* [to them], *kî* [because] *yišməʿēlîm* [Ishmaelites] *hēm* [they were].", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular of *ʾāmar* - and said", "*ʾălêhem*": "preposition *ʾel* + 3rd masculine plural suffix - to them", "*gidʿôn*": "proper noun - Gideon", "*ʾešʾălāh*": "qal imperfect cohortative, 1st person singular of *šāʾal* - let me request", "*mikkem*": "preposition *min* + 2nd masculine plural suffix - from you", "*šəʾēlāh*": "noun, feminine singular - a request", "*ûtənû*": "conjunction + qal imperative, masculine plural of *nātan* - and give", "*lî*": "preposition *lə* + 1st person singular suffix - to me", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - each man", "*nezem*": "noun, masculine singular construct - earring of", "*šəlālô*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his spoil", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*nizmê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - earrings of", "*zāhāb*": "noun, masculine singular - gold", "*lāhem*": "preposition *lə* + 3rd masculine plural suffix - to them", "*yišməʿēlîm*": "proper noun, masculine plural - Ishmaelites", "*hēm*": "3rd masculine plural pronoun - they" }, "variants": { "*nezem*": "earring/nose ring/jewelry", "*šālāl*": "spoil/plunder" } }

{ "verseID": "Judges.8.25", "source": "וַיֹּאמְר֖וּ נָת֣וֹן נִתֵּ֑ן וַֽיִּפְרְשׂוּ֙ אֶת־הַשִּׂמְלָ֔ה וַיַּשְׁלִ֣יכוּ שָׁ֔מָּה אִ֖ישׁ נֶ֥זֶם שְׁלָלֽוֹ׃", "text": "And *wayyōʾmərû* [they said], *nātôn* [giving] *nittēn* [we will give]; and *wayyiprəśû* [they spread out] *ʾet*-*haśśimlāh* [the garment], and *wayyašlîkû* [they threw] *šāmmāh* [there] *ʾîš* [each man] *nezem* [earring of] *šəlālô* [his spoil].", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmərû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural of *ʾāmar* - and they said", "*nātôn*": "qal infinitive absolute of *nātan* - giving", "*nittēn*": "qal imperfect, 1st person plural of *nātan* - we will give", "*wayyiprəśû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural of *pāraś* - and they spread out", "*haśśimlāh*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the garment", "*wayyašlîkû*": "waw consecutive + hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine plural of *šālak* - and they threw", "*šāmmāh*": "adverb - there", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - each man", "*nezem*": "noun, masculine singular construct - earring of", "*šəlālô*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his spoil" }, "variants": { "*nātôn* *nittēn*": "we will surely give (emphatic infinitive + imperfect construction)", "*śimlāh*": "garment/cloak/mantle", "*nezem*": "earring/nose ring/jewelry" } }

{ "verseID": "Judges.8.26", "source": "וַיְהִ֗י מִשְׁקַ֞ל נִזְמֵ֤י הַזָּהָב֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר שָׁאָ֔ל אֶ֥לֶף וּשְׁבַע־מֵא֖וֹת זָהָ֑ב לְ֠בַד מִן־הַשַּׂהֲרֹנִ֨ים וְהַנְּטִפ֜וֹת וּבִגְדֵ֣י הָאַרְגָּמָ֗ן שֶׁעַל֙ מַלְכֵ֣י מִדְיָ֔ן וּלְבַד֙ מִן־הָ֣עֲנָק֔וֹת אֲשֶׁ֖ר בְּצַוְּארֵ֥י גְמַלֵּיהֶֽם׃", "text": "And *wayəhî* [it was], *mišqal* [weight of] *nizmê* [earrings of] *hazzāhāb* [the gold] *ʾăšer* [which] *šāʾāl* [he requested], *ʾelep* [thousand] *ûšəbaʿ*-*mēʾôt* [and seven hundred] *zāhāb* [gold]; *ləbad* [besides] *min*-*haśśahărōnîm* [the crescents] and *wəhannəṭipôt* [the pendants] and *ûbigdê* [garments of] *hāʾargāmān* [the purple] *šeʿal* [which were on] *malkê* [kings of] *midyān* [Midian], and *ûləbad* [besides] *min*-*hāʿănāqôt* [the chains] *ʾăšer* [which were] *bəṣawwərê* [on the necks of] *gəmallêhem* [their camels].", "grammar": { "*wayəhî*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular of *hāyâ* - and it was", "*mišqal*": "noun, masculine singular construct - weight of", "*nizmê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - earrings of", "*hazzāhāb*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the gold", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which", "*šāʾāl*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he requested", "*ʾelep*": "number - thousand", "*ûšəbaʿ*": "conjunction + number - and seven", "*mēʾôt*": "feminine plural of *mēʾâ* - hundred", "*zāhāb*": "noun, masculine singular - gold", "*ləbad*": "preposition - besides/apart from", "*min*-*haśśahărōnîm*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine plural - from the crescents", "*wəhannəṭipôt*": "conjunction + definite article + noun, feminine plural - and the pendants", "*ûbigdê*": "conjunction + noun, masculine plural construct - and garments of", "*hāʾargāmān*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the purple", "*šeʿal*": "relative pronoun + preposition - which were on", "*malkê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - kings of", "*midyān*": "proper noun - Midian", "*ûləbad*": "conjunction + preposition - and besides", "*min*-*hāʿănāqôt*": "preposition + definite article + noun, feminine plural - from the chains", "*bəṣawwərê*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural construct - on the necks of", "*gəmallêhem*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their camels" }, "variants": { "*ʾargāmān*": "purple/purple material/purple garments", "*śahărōnîm*": "crescents/moon-shaped ornaments", "*nəṭipôt*": "pendants/drops/earrings", "*ʿănāqôt*": "chains/necklaces" } }

{ "verseID": "Judges.8.27", "source": "וַיַּעַשׂ֩ אוֹת֨וֹ גִדְע֜וֹן לְאֵפ֗וֹד וַיַּצֵּ֨ג אוֹת֤וֹ בְעִירוֹ֙ בְּעָפְרָ֔ה וַיִּזְנ֧וּ כָֽל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל אַחֲרָ֖יו שָׁ֑ם וַיְהִ֛י לְגִדְע֥וֹן וּלְבֵית֖וֹ לְמוֹקֵֽשׁ׃", "text": "And *wayyaʿaś* [made] *ʾôtô* [it] *gidʿôn* [Gideon] *ləʾēpôd* [into an ephod], and *wayyaṣṣēg* [placed] *ʾôtô* [it] *bəʿîrô* [in his city] *bəʿoprāh* [in Ophrah], and *wayyiznû* [prostituted themselves] *kol*-*yiśrāʾēl* [all Israel] *ʾaḥărāyw* [after it] *šām* [there]; and *wayəhî* [it became] *ləgidʿôn* [to Gideon] and *ûləbêtô* [to his house] *ləmôqēš* [as a snare].", "grammar": { "*wayyaʿaś*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular of *ʿāśâ* - and made", "*ʾôtô*": "direct object marker + 3rd masculine singular suffix - it", "*gidʿôn*": "proper noun - Gideon", "*ləʾēpôd*": "preposition *lə* + noun, masculine singular - into an ephod", "*wayyaṣṣēg*": "waw consecutive + hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular of *nāṣag* - and placed", "*bəʿîrô*": "preposition *bə* + noun, feminine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - in his city", "*bəʿoprāh*": "preposition *bə* + proper noun - in Ophrah", "*wayyiznû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural of *zānâ* - and prostituted themselves", "*kol*-*yiśrāʾēl*": "noun, masculine singular construct + proper noun - all Israel", "*ʾaḥărāyw*": "preposition *ʾaḥar* + 3rd masculine singular suffix - after it", "*šām*": "adverb - there", "*wayəhî*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular of *hāyâ* - and it became", "*ləgidʿôn*": "preposition *lə* + proper noun - to Gideon", "*ûləbêtô*": "conjunction + preposition *lə* + noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - and to his house", "*ləmôqēš*": "preposition *lə* + noun, masculine singular - as a snare" }, "variants": { "*ʾēpôd*": "ephod (priestly garment/sacred object)", "*mô qēš*": "snare/trap/stumbling block", "*zānâ*": "prostitute oneself/be unfaithful (often used of spiritual apostasy)" } }

{ "verseID": "Judges.8.28", "source": "וַיִּכָּנַ֣ע מִדְיָ֗ן לִפְנֵי֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְלֹ֥א יָסְפ֖וּ לָשֵׂ֣את רֹאשָׁ֑ם וַתִּשְׁקֹ֥ט הָאָ֛רֶץ אַרְבָּעִ֥ים שָׁנָ֖ה בִּימֵ֥י גִדְעֽוֹן׃ פ", "text": "And *wayyikkānaʿ* [was subdued] *midyān* [Midian] *lipnê* [before] *bənê* [the sons of] *yiśrāʾēl* [Israel], and *wəlōʾ* [not] *yāspû* [they continued] *lāśēʾt* [to lift up] *rōʾšām* [their head]; and *wattišqōṭ* [was quiet] *hāʾāreṣ* [the land] *ʾarbāʿîm* [forty] *šānāh* [years] *bîmê* [in the days of] *gidʿôn* [Gideon].", "grammar": { "*wayyikkānaʿ*": "waw consecutive + niphal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular of *kānaʿ* - and was subdued", "*midyān*": "proper noun - Midian", "*lipnê*": "preposition *lə* + construct plural of *pānîm* - before", "*bənê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*wəlōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*yāspû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural of *yāsap* - they continued", "*lāśēʾt*": "preposition *lə* + qal infinitive construct of *nāśāʾ* - to lift up", "*rōʾšām*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their head", "*wattišqōṭ*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular of *šāqaṭ* - and rested", "*hāʾāreṣ*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the land", "*ʾarbāʿîm*": "number - forty", "*šānāh*": "noun, feminine singular - year", "*bîmê*": "preposition *bə* + construct plural of *yôm* - in the days of", "*gidʿôn*": "proper noun - Gideon" }, "variants": { "*kānaʿ*": "subdued/humbled/brought low", "*nāśāʾ* *rōʾš*": "lift up head/rise up (idiom for rebellion)", "*šāqaṭ*": "be quiet/rest/be undisturbed" } }

{ "verseID": "Judges.8.29", "source": "וַיֵּ֛לֶךְ יְרֻבַּ֥עַל בֶּן־יוֹאָ֖שׁ וַיֵּ֥שֶׁב בְּבֵיתֽוֹ׃", "text": "And *wayyēlek* [went] *yərubbaʿal* [Jerubbaal] *ben*-*yôʾāš* [son of Joash] and *wayyēšeb* [dwelt] *bəbêtô* [in his house].", "grammar": { "*wayyēlek*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular of *hālak* - and went", "*yərubbaʿal*": "proper noun - Jerubbaal", "*ben*-*yôʾāš*": "noun, masculine singular construct + proper noun - son of Joash", "*wayyēšeb*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular of *yāšab* - and dwelt", "*bəbêtô*": "preposition *bə* + noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - in his house" }, "variants": { "*yərubbaʿal*": "Jerubbaal (alternate name for Gideon, meaning 'Let Baal contend')", "*yāšab*": "dwell/sit/remain" } }

{ "verseID": "Judges.8.30", "source": "וּלְגִדְע֗וֹן הָיוּ֙ שִׁבְעִ֣ים בָּנִ֔ים יֹצְאֵ֖י יְרֵכ֑וֹ כִּֽי־נָשִׁ֥ים רַבּ֖וֹת הָ֥יוּ לֽוֹ׃", "text": "And *ûləgidʿôn* [to Gideon] *hāyû* [were] *šibʿîm* [seventy] *bānîm* [sons] *yōṣəʾê* [coming forth from] *yərēkô* [his thigh/loins], *kî*-*nāšîm* [for wives] *rabbôt* [many] *hāyû* [were] *lô* [to him].", "grammar": { "*ûləgidʿôn*": "conjunction + preposition *lə* + proper noun - and to Gideon", "*hāyû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural of *hāyâ* - were", "*šibʿîm*": "number - seventy", "*bānîm*": "noun, masculine plural - sons", "*yōṣəʾê*": "qal participle, masculine plural construct of *yāṣāʾ* - coming forth from", "*yərēkô*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his thigh/loins", "*kî*-*nāšîm*": "conjunction + noun, feminine plural - for wives", "*rabbôt*": "adjective, feminine plural - many", "*lô*": "preposition *lə* + 3rd masculine singular suffix - to him" }, "variants": { "*yōṣəʾê yərēkô*": "coming forth from his thigh/loins (idiom for biological offspring)", "*yārēk*": "thigh/loins (euphemism for reproductive organs)" } }

{ "verseID": "Judges.8.31", "source": "וּפִֽילַגְשׁוֹ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בִּשְׁכֶ֔ם יָֽלְדָה־לּ֥וֹ גַם־הִ֖יא בֵּ֑ן וַיָּ֥שֶׂם אֶת־שְׁמ֖וֹ אֲבִימֶֽלֶךְ׃", "text": "And *ûpîlagšô* [his concubine] *ʾăšer* [who was] *biškem* [in Shechem] *yāldâ*-*lô* [bore to him] *gam*-*hîʾ* [also she] *bēn* [a son]; and *wayyāśem* [he set] *ʾet*-*šəmô* [his name] *ʾăbîmelek* [Abimelech].", "grammar": { "*ûpîlagšô*": "conjunction + noun, feminine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - and his concubine", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - who", "*biškem*": "preposition *bə* + proper noun - in Shechem", "*yāldâ*": "qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular of *yālad* - bore", "*lô*": "preposition *lə* + 3rd masculine singular suffix - to him", "*gam*-*hîʾ*": "adverb + 3rd feminine singular pronoun - also she", "*bēn*": "noun, masculine singular - a son", "*wayyāśem*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular of *śîm* - and he set", "*ʾet*-*šəmô*": "direct object marker + noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his name", "*ʾăbîmelek*": "proper noun - Abimelech" }, "variants": { "*pîlegeš*": "concubine/secondary wife", "*ʾăbîmelek*": "Abimelech (meaning 'my father is king')" } }

{ "verseID": "Judges.8.32", "source": "וַיָּ֛מָת גִּדְע֥וֹן בֶּן־יוֹאָ֖שׁ בְּשֵׂיבָ֣ה טוֹבָ֑ה וַיִּקָּבֵ֗ר בְּקֶ֙בֶר֙ יוֹאָ֣שׁ אָבִ֔יו בְּעָפְרָ֖ה אֲבִ֥י הָֽעֶזְרִֽי׃ פ", "text": "And *wayyāmāt* *Gidʿôn* *ben*-*Yôʾāš* in *śêbâ* *ṭôbâ*, and *wayyiqqābēr* in *qeber* *Yôʾāš* *ʾābîw* in *ʿoprâ* *ʾăbî* *hāʿezrî*.", "grammar": { "*wayyāmāt*": "waw-consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he died", "*Gidʿôn*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Gideon", "*ben*": "construct noun, masculine singular - son of", "*Yôʾāš*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Joash", "*śêbâ*": "noun, feminine singular, construct state - old age, gray hair", "*ṭôbâ*": "adjective, feminine singular - good", "*wayyiqqābēr*": "waw-consecutive + Niphal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he was buried", "*qeber*": "noun, masculine singular, construct state - grave/tomb of", "*ʾābîw*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his father", "*ʿoprâ*": "proper noun, feminine singular - Ophrah", "*ʾăbî*": "noun, masculine singular, construct state - father of", "*hāʿezrî*": "definite article + proper noun - the Abiezrite/Ezrite" }, "variants": { "*wayyāmāt*": "and he died, then he died", "*śêbâ ṭôbâ*": "good old age, good gray hair, ripe old age", "*ʾăbî hāʿezrî*": "father of the Ezrites, Abiezrite, belonging to Abiezer" } }

{ "verseID": "Judges.8.33", "source": "וַיְהִ֗י כַּֽאֲשֶׁר֙ מֵ֣ת גִּדְע֔וֹן וַיָּשׁ֙וּבוּ֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַיִּזְנ֖וּ אַחֲרֵ֣י הַבְּעָלִ֑ים וַיָּשִׂ֧ימוּ לָהֶ֛ם בַּ֥עַל בְּרִ֖ית לֵאלֹהִֽים׃", "text": "And *wayəhî* when *mēt* *Gidʿôn* and *wayyāšûbû* *bənê* *Yiśrāʾēl* and *wayyiznû* after *habəʿālîm*, and *wayyāśîmû* for them *Baʿal Bərît* for *lēʾlōhîm*.", "grammar": { "*wayəhî*": "waw-consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular from root היה - and it came to pass", "*mēt*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - died/was dead", "*Gidʿôn*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Gideon", "*wayyāšûbû*": "waw-consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they returned/turned back", "*bənê*": "noun, masculine plural, construct state - sons of", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*wayyiznû*": "waw-consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural from root זנה - and they prostituted themselves/committed infidelity", "*habəʿālîm*": "definite article + noun, masculine plural - the Baals", "*wayyāśîmû*": "waw-consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they set/appointed/made", "*Baʿal Bərît*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Baal-Berith (lord of covenant)", "*lēʾlōhîm*": "preposition ל + noun, masculine plural - for god(s)" }, "variants": { "*wayyiznû*": "committed spiritual prostitution/idolatry, were unfaithful", "*habəʿālîm*": "the Baals, the lords, the masters (pagan deities)", "*Baʿal Bərît*": "Baal of the Covenant, Lord of the Covenant", "*lēʾlōhîm*": "for god, for a god, for gods, as god" } }

{ "verseID": "Judges.8.34", "source": "וְלֹ֤א זָֽכְרוּ֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֶת־יְהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵיהֶ֑ם הַמַּצִּ֥יל אוֹתָ֛ם מִיַּ֥ד כָּל־אֹיְבֵיהֶ֖ם מִסָּבִֽיב׃", "text": "And not *zākərû* *bənê* *Yiśrāʾēl* *ʾet*-*YHWH* *ʾĕlōhêhem* *hammaṣṣîl* them from *yad* all-*ʾōyəbêhem* from *missābîb*.", "grammar": { "*zākərû*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine plural - they remembered", "*bənê*": "noun, masculine plural, construct state - sons of", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - Yahweh/the LORD", "*ʾĕlōhêhem*": "noun, masculine plural + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their God", "*hammaṣṣîl*": "definite article + Hiphil participle, masculine singular from root נצל - the one who delivers/rescues", "*yad*": "noun, feminine singular, construct state - hand of", "*ʾōyəbêhem*": "noun, masculine plural + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their enemies", "*missābîb*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - from around/surrounding" }, "variants": { "*hammaṣṣîl*": "the one delivering/saving/rescuing", "*yad*": "hand, power, control", "*missābîb*": "from all around, from every side, from surrounding" } }

{ "verseID": "Judges.8.35", "source": "וְלֹֽא־עָשׂ֣וּ חֶ֔סֶד עִם־בֵּ֥ית יְרֻבַּ֖עַל גִּדְע֑וֹן כְּכָל־הַטּוֹבָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשָׂ֖ה עִם־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ פ", "text": "And not *ʿāśû* *ḥesed* with-*bêt* *Yərubbaʿal* *Gidʿôn* according to all-*haṭṭôbâ* which *ʿāśâ* with-*Yiśrāʾēl*.", "grammar": { "*ʿāśû*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine plural - they did/made", "*ḥesed*": "noun, masculine singular - loyalty/kindness/faithfulness", "*bêt*": "noun, masculine singular, construct state - house of", "*Yərubbaʿal*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Jerubbaal", "*Gidʿôn*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Gideon", "*haṭṭôbâ*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the good/goodness", "*ʿāśâ*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he did/made", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel" }, "variants": { "*ḥesed*": "covenant loyalty, faithfulness, lovingkindness, mercy", "*bêt*": "house, household, family, dynasty", "*Yərubbaʿal*": "alternative name for Gideon, meaning 'let Baal contend'" } }