{ "verseID": "Leviticus.18.1", "source": "וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֥ה לֵּאמֹֽר׃", "text": "And *waydabbēr* *YHWH* *ʾel*-*Mōšeh* *lēʾmōr*", "grammar": { "*waydabbēr*": "waw-consecutive + Piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he spoke", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name", "*ʾel*": "preposition - to/toward", "*Mōšeh*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Moses", "*lēʾmōr*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - saying/to say" }, "variants": { "*waydabbēr*": "and spoke/and said", "*YHWH*": "LORD/Yahweh/Jehovah", "*lēʾmōr*": "saying/to say/commanding" } }

{ "verseID": "Leviticus.18.2", "source": "דַּבֵּר֙ אֶל־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְאָמַרְתָּ֖ אֲלֵהֶ֑ם אֲנִ֖י יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶֽם׃", "text": "*Dabbēr* *ʾel*-*bənê* *Yiśrāʾēl* *wəʾāmartā* *ʾălēhem* *ʾănî* *YHWH* *ʾĕlōhêkem*", "grammar": { "*Dabbēr*": "Piel imperative, masculine singular - speak", "*ʾel*": "preposition - to/toward", "*bənê*": "construct noun, masculine plural - sons of", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*wəʾāmartā*": "waw-consecutive + Qal perfect, 2nd masculine singular - and you shall say", "*ʾălēhem*": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix - to them", "*ʾănî*": "1st person singular pronoun - I", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name", "*ʾĕlōhêkem*": "noun, masculine plural construct + 2nd masculine plural suffix - your God" }, "variants": { "*bənê*": "sons/children/descendants", "*wəʾāmartā*": "and say/and you shall say", "*ʾĕlōhêkem*": "your God/your gods" } }

{ "verseID": "Leviticus.18.3", "source": "כְּמַעֲשֵׂ֧ה אֶֽרֶץ־מִצְרַ֛יִם אֲשֶׁ֥ר יְשַׁבְתֶּם־בָּ֖הּ לֹ֣א תַעֲשׂ֑וּ וּכְמַעֲשֵׂ֣ה אֶֽרֶץ־כְּנַ֡עַן אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֲנִי֩ מֵבִ֨יא אֶתְכֶ֥ם שָׁ֙מָּה֙ לֹ֣א תַעֲשׂ֔וּ וּבְחֻקֹּתֵיהֶ֖ם לֹ֥א תֵלֵֽכוּ׃", "text": "Like *kəmaʿăśēh* *ʾerets*-*Mitsrayim* *ʾăšer* *yəšabtem*-*bāh* *lōʾ* *taʿăśû* and like *ûkəmaʿăśēh* *ʾerets*-*Kənaʿan* *ʾăšer* *ʾănî* *mēbîʾ* *ʾetkem* *šāmmāh* *lōʾ* *taʿăśû* and in *ûbəḥuqqōtêhem* *lōʾ* *tēlēkû*", "grammar": { "*kəmaʿăśēh*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - like the practice/doings of", "*ʾerets*": "noun, feminine singular construct - land of", "*Mitsrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt", "*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - which/that", "*yəšabtem*": "Qal perfect, 2nd masculine plural - you dwelled/lived", "*bāh*": "preposition + 3rd feminine singular suffix - in it", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*taʿăśû*": "Qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you shall do", "*ûkəmaʿăśēh*": "waw conjunction + preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - and like the practice of", "*Kənaʿan*": "proper noun - Canaan", "*mēbîʾ*": "Hiphil participle, masculine singular - bringing", "*ʾetkem*": "direct object marker + 2nd masculine plural suffix - you", "*šāmmāh*": "adverb - there/thither", "*ûbəḥuqqōtêhem*": "waw conjunction + preposition + noun, feminine plural construct + 3rd masculine plural suffix - and in their statutes", "*tēlēkû*": "Qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you shall walk/follow" }, "variants": { "*maʿăśēh*": "practice/deed/work/custom", "*yəšabtem*": "you dwelled/you lived/you resided", "*taʿăśû*": "you shall do/you shall practice/you shall perform", "*mēbîʾ*": "bringing/leading/causing to enter", "*ḥuqqōt*": "statutes/ordinances/customs/practices", "*tēlēkû*": "you shall walk/you shall follow/you shall conduct yourselves" } }

{ "verseID": "Leviticus.18.4", "source": "אֶת־מִשְׁפָּטַ֧י תַּעֲשׂ֛וּ וְאֶת־חֻקֹּתַ֥י תִּשְׁמְר֖וּ לָלֶ֣כֶת בָּהֶ֑ם אֲנִ֖י יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶֽם׃", "text": "*ʾet*-*mišpāṭay* *taʿăśû* and *wəʾet*-*ḥuqqōtay* *tišmərû* *lāleket* in them *bāhem* *ʾănî* *YHWH* *ʾĕlōhêkem*", "grammar": { "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*mišpāṭay*": "noun, masculine plural construct + 1st person singular suffix - my judgments", "*taʿăśû*": "Qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you shall do", "*wəʾet*": "waw conjunction + direct object marker", "*ḥuqqōtay*": "noun, feminine plural construct + 1st person singular suffix - my statutes", "*tišmərû*": "Qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you shall keep/observe", "*lāleket*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - to walk", "*bāhem*": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix - in them", "*ʾănî*": "1st person singular pronoun - I", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name", "*ʾĕlōhêkem*": "noun, masculine plural construct + 2nd masculine plural suffix - your God" }, "variants": { "*mišpāṭay*": "my judgments/my ordinances/my regulations", "*taʿăśû*": "you shall do/you shall perform/you shall practice", "*ḥuqqōtay*": "my statutes/my decrees/my ordinances", "*tišmərû*": "you shall keep/you shall observe/you shall guard", "*lāleket*": "to walk/to follow/to live by" } }

{ "verseID": "Leviticus.18.5", "source": "וּשְׁמַרְתֶּ֤ם אֶת־חֻקֹּתַי֙ וְאֶת־מִשְׁפָּטַ֔י אֲשֶׁ֨ר יַעֲשֶׂ֥ה אֹתָ֛ם הָאָדָ֖ם וָחַ֣י בָּהֶ֑ם אֲנִ֖י יְהוָֽה׃", "text": "And *ûšəmartem* *ʾet*-*ḥuqqōtay* and *wəʾet*-*mišpāṭay* *ʾăšer* *yaʿăśeh* *ʾōtām* *hāʾādām* and *wāḥay* by them *bāhem* *ʾănî* *YHWH*", "grammar": { "*ûšəmartem*": "waw conjunction + Qal perfect, 2nd masculine plural - and you shall keep", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ḥuqqōtay*": "noun, feminine plural construct + 1st person singular suffix - my statutes", "*wəʾet*": "waw conjunction + direct object marker", "*mišpāṭay*": "noun, masculine plural construct + 1st person singular suffix - my judgments", "*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - which", "*yaʿăśeh*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he will do", "*ʾōtām*": "direct object marker + 3rd masculine plural suffix - them", "*hāʾādām*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the man", "*wāḥay*": "waw conjunction + Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he shall live", "*bāhem*": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix - by them/in them", "*ʾănî*": "1st person singular pronoun - I", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name" }, "variants": { "*ûšəmartem*": "and you shall keep/and you shall observe/and you shall guard", "*ḥuqqōtay*": "my statutes/my decrees/my ordinances", "*mišpāṭay*": "my judgments/my ordinances/my regulations", "*yaʿăśeh*": "he shall do/he shall perform/he shall practice", "*hāʾādām*": "the man/humankind/person", "*wāḥay*": "and shall live/and shall have life/and shall be preserved" } }

{ "verseID": "Leviticus.18.6", "source": "אִ֥ישׁ אִישׁ֙ אֶל־כָּל־שְׁאֵ֣ר בְּשָׂר֔וֹ לֹ֥א תִקְרְב֖וּ לְגַלּ֣וֹת עֶרְוָ֑ה אֲנִ֖י יְהוָֽה׃", "text": "Man man *ʾîš* *ʾîš* to *ʾel* any *kol* *šəʾēr* *bəśārô* *lōʾ* *tiqrəbû* *ləgallôt* *ʿerwāh* *ʾănî* *YHWH*", "grammar": { "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - man (repeated for emphasis)", "*ʾel*": "preposition - to", "*kol*": "noun, masculine singular construct - any/all", "*šəʾēr*": "noun, masculine singular construct - relative/flesh relation", "*bəśārô*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his flesh", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*tiqrəbû*": "Qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you shall approach", "*ləgallôt*": "preposition + Piel infinitive construct - to uncover/reveal", "*ʿerwāh*": "noun, feminine singular - nakedness/sexual parts", "*ʾănî*": "1st person singular pronoun - I", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name" }, "variants": { "*ʾîš* *ʾîš*": "any man/every man/each person", "*šəʾēr* *bəśārô*": "blood relative/close relative/near of flesh", "*tiqrəbû*": "you shall approach/you shall come near/you shall draw near", "*ləgallôt* *ʿerwāh*": "to uncover nakedness/to have sexual relations with" } }

{ "verseID": "Leviticus.18.7", "source": "עֶרְוַ֥ת אָבִ֛יךָ וְעֶרְוַ֥ת אִמְּךָ֖ לֹ֣א תְגַלֵּ֑ה אִמְּךָ֣ הִ֔וא לֹ֥א תְגַלֶּ֖ה עֶרְוָתָֽהּ׃", "text": "*ʿerwat* *ʾābîkā* and *wəʿerwat* *ʾimməkā* *lōʾ* *təgallēh* *ʾimməkā* *hîʾ* *lōʾ* *təgalleh* *ʿerwātāh*", "grammar": { "*ʿerwat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - nakedness of", "*ʾābîkā*": "noun, masculine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your father", "*wəʿerwat*": "waw conjunction + noun, feminine singular construct - and nakedness of", "*ʾimməkā*": "noun, feminine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your mother", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*təgallēh*": "Piel imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you shall uncover", "*hîʾ*": "3rd feminine singular pronoun - she", "*təgalleh*": "Piel imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you shall uncover", "*ʿerwātāh*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her nakedness" }, "variants": { "*ʿerwat*": "nakedness of/sexual parts of/shame of", "*təgallēh*": "you shall uncover/you shall expose/you shall have sexual relations with" } }

{ "verseID": "Leviticus.18.8", "source": "עֶרְוַ֥ת אֵֽשֶׁת־אָבִ֖יךָ לֹ֣א תְגַלֵּ֑ה עֶרְוַ֥ת אָבִ֖יךָ הִֽוא׃", "text": "*ʿerwat* *ʾēšet*-*ʾābîkā* *lōʾ* *təgallēh* *ʿerwat* *ʾābîkā* *hîʾ*", "grammar": { "*ʿerwat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - nakedness of", "*ʾēšet*": "noun, feminine singular construct - wife of", "*ʾābîkā*": "noun, masculine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your father", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*təgallēh*": "Piel imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you shall uncover", "*ʿerwat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - nakedness of", "*ʾābîkā*": "noun, masculine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your father", "*hîʾ*": "3rd feminine singular pronoun - she/it is" }, "variants": { "*ʿerwat*": "nakedness of/sexual parts of/shame of", "*ʾēšet*": "wife of/woman of", "*təgallēh*": "you shall uncover/you shall expose/you shall have sexual relations with" } }

{ "verseID": "Leviticus.18.9", "source": "עֶרְוַ֨ת אֲחֽוֹתְךָ֤ בַת־אָבִ֙יךָ֙ א֣וֹ בַת־אִמֶּ֔ךָ מוֹלֶ֣דֶת בַּ֔יִת א֖וֹ מוֹלֶ֣דֶת ח֑וּץ לֹ֥א תְגַלֶּ֖ה עֶרְוָתָֽן׃", "text": "*ʿerwat* *ʾăḥôtəkā* *bat*-*ʾābîkā* or *ʾô* *bat*-*ʾimmekā* *môledet* *bayit* or *ʾô* *môledet* *ḥûts* *lōʾ* *təgalleh* *ʿerwātān*", "grammar": { "*ʿerwat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - nakedness of", "*ʾăḥôtəkā*": "noun, feminine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your sister", "*bat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - daughter of", "*ʾābîkā*": "noun, masculine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your father", "*ʾô*": "conjunction - or", "*bat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - daughter of", "*ʾimmekā*": "noun, feminine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your mother", "*môledet*": "noun, feminine singular construct - born of", "*bayit*": "noun, masculine singular - house/home", "*ʾô*": "conjunction - or", "*môledet*": "noun, feminine singular construct - born of", "*ḥûts*": "noun, masculine singular - outside", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*təgalleh*": "Piel imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you shall uncover", "*ʿerwātān*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd feminine plural suffix - their nakedness" }, "variants": { "*ʿerwat*": "nakedness of/sexual parts of/shame of", "*môledet* *bayit*": "born at home/born in the house/legitimate child", "*môledet* *ḥûts*": "born outside/born elsewhere/illegitimate child", "*təgalleh*": "you shall uncover/you shall expose/you shall have sexual relations with" } }

{ "verseID": "Leviticus.18.10", "source": "עֶרְוַ֤ת בַּת־בִּנְךָ֙ א֣וֹ בַֽת־בִּתְּךָ֔ לֹ֥א תְגַלֶּ֖ה עֶרְוָתָ֑ן כִּ֥י עֶרְוָתְךָ֖ הֵֽנָּה׃", "text": "*ʿerwat* *bat*-*binkā* or *ʾô* *bat*-*bittəkā* *lōʾ* *təgalleh* *ʿerwātān* for *kî* *ʿerwātəkā* *hēnnāh*", "grammar": { "*ʿerwat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - nakedness of", "*bat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - daughter of", "*binkā*": "noun, masculine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your son", "*ʾô*": "conjunction - or", "*bat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - daughter of", "*bittəkā*": "noun, feminine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your daughter", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*təgalleh*": "Piel imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you shall uncover", "*ʿerwātān*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd feminine plural suffix - their nakedness", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*ʿerwātəkā*": "noun, feminine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your nakedness", "*hēnnāh*": "3rd feminine plural pronoun - they are" }, "variants": { "*ʿerwat*": "nakedness of/sexual parts of/shame of", "*təgalleh*": "you shall uncover/you shall expose/you shall have sexual relations with", "*ʿerwātəkā* *hēnnāh*": "they are your own nakedness/they are your own flesh" } }

{ "verseID": "Leviticus.18.11", "source": "עֶרְוַ֨ת בַּת־אֵ֤שֶׁת אָבִ֙יךָ֙ מוֹלֶ֣דֶת אָבִ֔יךָ אֲחוֹתְךָ֖ הִ֑וא לֹ֥א תְגַלֶּ֖ה עֶרְוָתָֽהּ׃", "text": "*ʿerwat* *bat*-*ʾēšet* *ʾābîkā* *môledet* *ʾābîkā* *ʾăḥôtəkā* *hîʾ* *lōʾ* *təgalleh* *ʿerwātāh*", "grammar": { "*ʿerwat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - nakedness of", "*bat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - daughter of", "*ʾēšet*": "noun, feminine singular construct - wife of", "*ʾābîkā*": "noun, masculine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your father", "*môledet*": "noun, feminine singular construct - born of", "*ʾābîkā*": "noun, masculine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your father", "*ʾăḥôtəkā*": "noun, feminine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your sister", "*hîʾ*": "3rd feminine singular pronoun - she is", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*təgalleh*": "Piel imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you shall uncover", "*ʿerwātāh*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her nakedness" }, "variants": { "*ʿerwat*": "nakedness of/sexual parts of/shame of", "*môledet* *ʾābîkā*": "born of your father/begotten by your father", "*təgalleh*": "you shall uncover/you shall expose/you shall have sexual relations with" } }

{ "verseID": "Leviticus.18.12", "source": "עֶרְוַ֥ת אֲחוֹת־אָבִ֖יךָ לֹ֣א תְגַלֵּ֑ה שְׁאֵ֥ר אָבִ֖יךָ הִֽוא׃", "text": "*ʿerwat* *ʾăḥôt*-*ʾābîkā* *lōʾ* *təgallēh* *šəʾēr* *ʾābîkā* *hîʾ*", "grammar": { "*ʿerwat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - nakedness of", "*ʾăḥôt*": "noun, feminine singular construct - sister of", "*ʾābîkā*": "noun, masculine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your father", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*təgallēh*": "Piel imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you shall uncover", "*šəʾēr*": "noun, masculine singular construct - blood relative of", "*ʾābîkā*": "noun, masculine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your father", "*hîʾ*": "3rd feminine singular pronoun - she is" }, "variants": { "*ʿerwat*": "nakedness of/sexual parts of/shame of", "*təgallēh*": "you shall uncover/you shall expose/you shall have sexual relations with", "*šəʾēr*": "blood relative/near kin/flesh relation" } }

{ "verseID": "Leviticus.18.13", "source": "עֶרְוַ֥ת אֲחֽוֹת־אִמְּךָ֖ לֹ֣א תְגַלֵּ֑ה כִּֽי־שְׁאֵ֥ר אִמְּךָ֖ הִֽוא׃", "text": "*ʿerwat* *ʾăḥôt*-*ʾimməkā* *lōʾ* *təgallēh* for *kî*-*šəʾēr* *ʾimmekā* *hîʾ*", "grammar": { "*ʿerwat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - nakedness of", "*ʾăḥôt*": "noun, feminine singular construct - sister of", "*ʾimməkā*": "noun, feminine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your mother", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*təgallēh*": "Piel imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you shall uncover", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*šəʾēr*": "noun, masculine singular construct - blood relative of", "*ʾimmekā*": "noun, feminine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your mother", "*hîʾ*": "3rd feminine singular pronoun - she is" }, "variants": { "*ʿerwat*": "nakedness of/sexual parts of/shame of", "*təgallēh*": "you shall uncover/you shall expose/you shall have sexual relations with", "*šəʾēr*": "blood relative/near kin/flesh relation" } }

{ "verseID": "Leviticus.18.14", "source": "עֶרְוַ֥ת אֲחִֽי־אָבִ֖יךָ לֹ֣א תְגַלֵּ֑ה אֶל־אִשְׁתּוֹ֙ לֹ֣א תִקְרָ֔ב דֹּדָֽתְךָ֖ הִֽוא׃", "text": "*ʿerwat* *ʾăḥî*-*ʾābîkā* *lōʾ* *təgallēh* to *ʾel*-*ʾištô* *lōʾ* *tiqrāb* *dōdātəkā* *hîʾ*", "grammar": { "*ʿerwat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - nakedness of", "*ʾăḥî*": "noun, masculine singular construct - brother of", "*ʾābîkā*": "noun, masculine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your father", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*təgallēh*": "Piel imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you shall uncover", "*ʾel*": "preposition - to", "*ʾištô*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his wife", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*tiqrāb*": "Qal imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you shall approach", "*dōdātəkā*": "noun, feminine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your aunt", "*hîʾ*": "3rd feminine singular pronoun - she is" }, "variants": { "*ʿerwat*": "nakedness of/sexual parts of/shame of", "*təgallēh*": "you shall uncover/you shall expose/you shall have sexual relations with", "*tiqrāb*": "you shall approach/you shall come near/you shall draw near", "*dōdātəkā*": "your aunt/your father's brother's wife" } }

{ "verseID": "Leviticus.18.15", "source": "עֶרְוַ֥ת כַּלָּֽתְךָ֖ לֹ֣א תְגַלֵּ֑ה אֵ֤שֶׁת בִּנְךָ֙ הִ֔וא לֹ֥א תְגַלֶּ֖ה עֶרְוָתָֽהּ׃", "text": "*ʿerwat* *kallātəkā* *lōʾ* *təgallēh* *ʾēšet* *binkā* *hîʾ* *lōʾ* *təgalleh* *ʿerwātāh*", "grammar": { "*ʿerwat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - nakedness of", "*kallātəkā*": "noun, feminine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your daughter-in-law", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*təgallēh*": "Piel imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you shall uncover", "*ʾēšet*": "noun, feminine singular construct - wife of", "*binkā*": "noun, masculine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your son", "*hîʾ*": "3rd feminine singular pronoun - she is", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*təgalleh*": "Piel imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you shall uncover", "*ʿerwātāh*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her nakedness" }, "variants": { "*ʿerwat*": "nakedness of/sexual parts of/shame of", "*kallātəkā*": "your daughter-in-law/your son's wife", "*təgallēh*": "you shall uncover/you shall expose/you shall have sexual relations with" } }

{ "verseID": "Leviticus.18.16", "source": "עֶרְוַ֥ת אֵֽשֶׁת־אָחִ֖יךָ לֹ֣א תְגַלֵּ֑ה עֶרְוַ֥ת אָחִ֖יךָ הִֽוא׃", "text": "*ʿerwat* *ʾēšet*-*ʾāḥîkā* *lōʾ* *təgallēh* *ʿerwat* *ʾāḥîkā* *hîʾ*", "grammar": { "*ʿerwat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - nakedness of", "*ʾēšet*": "noun, feminine singular construct - wife of", "*ʾāḥîkā*": "noun, masculine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your brother", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*təgallēh*": "Piel imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you shall uncover", "*ʿerwat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - nakedness of", "*ʾāḥîkā*": "noun, masculine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your brother", "*hîʾ*": "3rd feminine singular pronoun - she/it is" }, "variants": { "*ʿerwat*": "nakedness of/sexual parts of/shame of", "*təgallēh*": "you shall uncover/you shall expose/you shall have sexual relations with" } }

{ "verseID": "Leviticus.18.17", "source": "עֶרְוַ֥ת אִשָּׁ֛ה וּבִתָּ֖הּ לֹ֣א תְגַלֵּ֑ה אֶֽת־בַּת־בְּנָ֞הּ וְאֶת־בַּת־בִּתָּ֗הּ לֹ֤א תִקַּח֙ לְגַלּ֣וֹת עֶרְוָתָ֔הּ שַׁאֲרָ֥ה הֵ֖נָּה זִמָּ֥ה הִֽוא", "text": "*ʿerwat* *ʾiššāh* and *ûbittāh* *lōʾ* *təgallēh* *ʾet*-*bat*-*bənāh* and *wəʾet*-*bat*-*bittāh* *lōʾ* *tiqqaḥ* *ləgallôt* *ʿerwātāh* *šaʾărāh* *hēnnāh* *zimmāh* *hîʾ*", "grammar": { "*ʿerwat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - nakedness of", "*ʾiššāh*": "noun, feminine singular - woman/wife", "*ûbittāh*": "waw conjunction + noun, feminine singular + 3rd feminine singular suffix - and her daughter", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*təgallēh*": "Piel imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you shall uncover", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*bat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - daughter of", "*bənāh*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her son", "*wəʾet*": "waw conjunction + direct object marker", "*bat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - daughter of", "*bittāh*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her daughter", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*tiqqaḥ*": "Qal imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you shall take", "*ləgallôt*": "preposition + Piel infinitive construct - to uncover", "*ʿerwātāh*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her nakedness", "*šaʾărāh*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her flesh relation", "*hēnnāh*": "3rd feminine plural pronoun - they are", "*zimmāh*": "noun, feminine singular - wickedness/depravity", "*hîʾ*": "3rd feminine singular pronoun - it is" }, "variants": { "*ʿerwat*": "nakedness of/sexual parts of/shame of", "*təgallēh*": "you shall uncover/you shall expose/you shall have sexual relations with", "*tiqqaḥ*": "you shall take/you shall marry", "*šaʾărāh*": "her flesh relation/her blood relative/her kin", "*zimmāh*": "wickedness/depravity/lewdness/devious plan" } }

{ "verseID": "Leviticus.18.18", "source": "וְאִשָּׁ֥ה אֶל־אֲחֹתָ֖הּ לֹ֣א תִקָּ֑ח לִצְרֹ֗ר לְגַלּ֧וֹת עֶרְוָתָ֛הּ עָלֶ֖יהָ בְּחַיֶּֽיהָ׃", "text": "And *wəʾiššāh* to *ʾel*-*ʾăḥōtāh* *lōʾ* *tiqqāḥ* *litsrōr* *ləgallôt* *ʿerwātāh* *ʿāleyhā* *bəḥayyeyhā*", "grammar": { "*wəʾiššāh*": "waw conjunction + noun, feminine singular - and a woman", "*ʾel*": "preposition - to", "*ʾăḥōtāh*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her sister", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*tiqqāḥ*": "Qal imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you shall take", "*litsrōr*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - to be a rival", "*ləgallôt*": "preposition + Piel infinitive construct - to uncover", "*ʿerwātāh*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her nakedness", "*ʿāleyhā*": "preposition + 3rd feminine singular suffix - against her/beside her", "*bəḥayyeyhā*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural + 3rd feminine singular suffix - in her lifetime" }, "variants": { "*tiqqāḥ*": "you shall take/you shall marry", "*litsrōr*": "to be a rival/to vex/to cause hostility", "*ləgallôt* *ʿerwātāh*": "to uncover her nakedness/to have sexual relations with her", "*ʿāleyhā*": "against her/beside her/in addition to her", "*bəḥayyeyhā*": "in her lifetime/while she lives" } }

{ "verseID": "Leviticus.18.19", "source": "וְאֶל־אִשָּׁ֖ה בְּנִדַּ֣ת טֻמְאָתָ֑הּ לֹ֣א תִקְרַ֔ב לְגַלּ֖וֹת עֶרְוָתָֽהּ׃", "text": "And *wəʾel*-*ʾiššāh* in *bəniddat* *ṭumʾātāh* *lōʾ* *tiqrab* *ləgallôt* *ʿerwātāh*", "grammar": { "*wəʾel*": "waw conjunction + preposition - and to", "*ʾiššāh*": "noun, feminine singular - woman", "*bəniddat*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular construct - in separation of", "*ṭumʾātāh*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her uncleanness", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*tiqrab*": "Qal imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you shall approach", "*ləgallôt*": "preposition + Piel infinitive construct - to uncover", "*ʿerwātāh*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her nakedness" }, "variants": { "*bəniddat* *ṭumʾātāh*": "in her menstrual impurity/during her period/during her separation", "*tiqrab*": "you shall approach/you shall come near/you shall draw near", "*ləgallôt* *ʿerwātāh*": "to uncover her nakedness/to have sexual relations with her" } }

{ "verseID": "Leviticus.18.20", "source": "וְאֶל־אֵ֙שֶׁת֙ עֲמִֽיתְךָ֔ לֹא־תִתֵּ֥ן שְׁכָבְתְּךָ֖ לְזָ֑רַע לְטָמְאָה־בָֽהּ׃", "text": "And *wəʾel*-*ʾēšet* *ʿămîtəkā* *lōʾ*-*tittēn* *šəkābəttəkā* *ləzāraʿ* *ləṭāmʾāh*-*bāh*", "grammar": { "*wəʾel*": "waw conjunction + preposition - and to", "*ʾēšet*": "noun, feminine singular construct - wife of", "*ʿămîtəkā*": "noun, masculine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your neighbor/companion", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*tittēn*": "Qal imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you shall give", "*šəkābəttəkā*": "noun, feminine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your emission of semen", "*ləzāraʿ*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - to seed/for emission", "*ləṭāmʾāh*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - to become unclean", "*bāh*": "preposition + 3rd feminine singular suffix - with her" }, "variants": { "*ʿămîtəkā*": "your neighbor/your fellow/your companion/your friend", "*šəkābəttəkā*": "your emission of semen/your lying down/your copulation", "*ləzāraʿ*": "for seed/for emission/for offspring", "*ləṭāmʾāh*-*bāh*": "to become unclean with her/to defile yourself with her" } }

{ "verseID": "Leviticus.18.21", "source": "וּמִֽזַּרְעֲךָ֥ לֹא־תִתֵּ֖ן לְהַעֲבִ֣יר לַמֹּ֑לֶךְ וְלֹ֧א תְחַלֵּ֛ל אֶת־שֵׁ֥ם אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ אֲנִ֥י יְהוָֽה׃", "text": "And *ûmizzarʿăkā* *lōʾ*-*tittēn* *ləhaʿăbîr* to *lammōlek* and *wəlōʾ* *təḥallēl* *ʾet*-*šēm* *ʾĕlōhêkā* *ʾănî* *YHWH*", "grammar": { "*ûmizzarʿăkā*": "waw conjunction + preposition + noun, masculine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - and from your seed/offspring", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*tittēn*": "Qal imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you shall give", "*ləhaʿăbîr*": "preposition + Hiphil infinitive construct - to cause to pass over", "*lammōlek*": "preposition + proper noun - to Molech", "*wəlōʾ*": "waw conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*təḥallēl*": "Piel imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you shall profane", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*šēm*": "noun, masculine singular construct - name of", "*ʾĕlōhêkā*": "noun, masculine plural + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your God", "*ʾănî*": "1st person singular pronoun - I", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name" }, "variants": { "*mizzarʿăkā*": "from your seed/from your offspring/from your children", "*ləhaʿăbîr*": "to cause to pass through/to offer/to sacrifice", "*təḥallēl*": "you shall profane/you shall defile/you shall violate" } }

{ "verseID": "Leviticus.18.22", "source": "וְאֶ֨ת־זָכָ֔ר לֹ֥א תִשְׁכַּ֖ב מִשְׁכְּבֵ֣י אִשָּׁ֑ה תּוֹעֵבָ֖ה הִֽוא׃", "text": "And *wəʾet*-*zākār* *lōʾ* *tiškab* *miškəbê* *ʾiššāh* *tôʿēbāh* *hîʾ*", "grammar": { "*wəʾet*": "waw conjunction + direct object marker", "*zākār*": "noun, masculine singular - male", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*tiškab*": "Qal imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you shall lie", "*miškəbê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - lyings of", "*ʾiššāh*": "noun, feminine singular - woman", "*tôʿēbāh*": "noun, feminine singular - abomination", "*hîʾ*": "3rd feminine singular pronoun - it is" }, "variants": { "*tiškab*": "you shall lie with/you shall have sexual relations with", "*miškəbê* *ʾiššāh*": "lyings of a woman/as one lies with a woman/as with a woman", "*tôʿēbāh*": "abomination/detestable act/abhorrence" } }

{ "verseID": "Leviticus.18.23", "source": "וּבְכָל־בְּהֵמָ֛ה לֹא־תִתֵּ֥ן שְׁכָבְתְּךָ֖ לְטָמְאָה־בָ֑הּ וְאִשָּׁ֗ה לֹֽא־תַעֲמֹ֞ד לִפְנֵ֧י בְהֵמָ֛ה לְרִבְעָ֖הּ תֶּ֥בֶל הֽוּא׃", "text": "And *ûbəkāl*-*bəhēmāh* *lōʾ*-*tittēn* *šəkābəttəkā* *ləṭāmʾāh*-*bāh* and *wəʾiššāh* *lōʾ*-*taʿămōd* *lipnê* *bəhēmāh* *ləribʿāh* *tebel* *hûʾ*", "grammar": { "*ûbəkāl*": "waw conjunction + preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - and with any", "*bəhēmāh*": "noun, feminine singular - beast/animal", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*tittēn*": "Qal imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you shall give", "*šəkābəttəkā*": "noun, feminine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your emission of semen", "*ləṭāmʾāh*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - to become unclean", "*bāh*": "preposition + 3rd feminine singular suffix - with it", "*wəʾiššāh*": "waw conjunction + noun, feminine singular - and a woman", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*taʿămōd*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - shall stand", "*lipnê*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural construct - before", "*bəhēmāh*": "noun, feminine singular - beast/animal", "*ləribʿāh*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct + 3rd feminine singular suffix - to mate with it", "*tebel*": "noun, masculine singular - perversion/confusion", "*hûʾ*": "3rd masculine singular pronoun - it is" }, "variants": { "*bəhēmāh*": "beast/animal/livestock", "*šəkābəttəkā*": "your emission of semen/your lying down/your copulation", "*ləṭāmʾāh*-*bāh*": "to become unclean with it/to defile yourself with it", "*taʿămōd* *lipnê*": "shall stand before/shall present herself to", "*ləribʿāh*": "to mate with it/to copulate with it", "*tebel*": "perversion/confusion/violation of nature" } }

{ "verseID": "Leviticus.18.24", "source": "אַל־תִּֽטַּמְּא֖וּ בְּכָל־אֵ֑לֶּה כִּ֤י בְכָל־אֵ֙לֶּה֙ נִטְמְא֣וּ הַגּוֹיִ֔ם אֲשֶׁר־אֲנִ֥י מְשַׁלֵּ֖חַ מִפְּנֵיכֶֽם׃", "text": "Not *ʾal*-*tiṭṭammʾû* in *bəkāl*-*ʾēlleh* for *kî* in *bəkāl*-*ʾēlleh* *niṭməʾû* *haggôyim* *ʾăšer*-*ʾănî* *məšallēaḥ* from before you *mippənêkem*", "grammar": { "*ʾal*": "negative particle [for prohibition] - not/do not", "*tiṭṭammʾû*": "Hitpael imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you shall defile yourselves", "*bəkāl*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - in any/with any", "*ʾēlleh*": "demonstrative pronoun, common plural - these", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*bəkāl*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - in all/with all", "*ʾēlleh*": "demonstrative pronoun, common plural - these", "*niṭməʾû*": "Niphal perfect, 3rd common plural - they became defiled", "*haggôyim*": "definite article + noun, masculine plural - the nations", "*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - whom/which", "*ʾănî*": "1st person singular pronoun - I", "*məšallēaḥ*": "Piel participle, masculine singular - sending away/driving out", "*mippənêkem*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural construct + 2nd masculine plural suffix - from before you" }, "variants": { "*tiṭṭammʾû*": "you shall defile yourselves/you shall become unclean", "*niṭməʾû*": "they became defiled/they were made unclean", "*haggôyim*": "the nations/the gentiles/the peoples", "*məšallēaḥ*": "sending away/driving out/expelling" } }

{ "verseID": "Leviticus.18.25", "source": "וַתִּטְמָ֣א הָאָ֔רֶץ וָאֶפְקֹ֥ד עֲוֺנָ֖הּ עָלֶ֑יהָ וַתָּקִ֥א הָאָ֖רֶץ אֶת־יֹשְׁבֶֽיהָ׃", "text": "And *wattiṭmāʾ* *hāʾārets* and *wāʾepqōd* *ʿăwōnāh* *ʿāleyhā* and *wattāqiʾ* *hāʾārets* *ʾet*-*yōšbêhā*", "grammar": { "*wattiṭmāʾ*": "waw-consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and was defiled", "*hāʾārets*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the land", "*wāʾepqōd*": "waw-consecutive + Qal imperfect, 1st person singular - and I visited/punished", "*ʿăwōnāh*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her iniquity", "*ʿāleyhā*": "preposition + 3rd feminine singular suffix - upon her", "*wattāqiʾ*": "waw-consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and vomited out", "*hāʾārets*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the land", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*yōšbêhā*": "Qal participle, masculine plural construct + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her inhabitants" }, "variants": { "*wattiṭmāʾ*": "and was defiled/and became unclean", "*wāʾepqōd*": "and I visited/and I punished/and I brought judgment upon", "*ʿăwōnāh*": "her iniquity/her guilt/her punishment", "*wattāqiʾ*": "and vomited out/and spewed out/and ejected", "*yōšbêhā*": "her inhabitants/her dwellers/those living in it" } }

{ "verseID": "Leviticus.18.26", "source": "וּשְׁמַרְתֶּ֣ם אַתֶּ֗ם אֶת־חֻקֹּתַי֙ וְאֶת־מִשְׁפָּטַ֔י וְלֹ֣א תַעֲשׂ֔וּ מִכֹּ֥ל הַתּוֹעֵבֹ֖ת הָאֵ֑לֶּה הָֽאֶזְרָ֔ח וְהַגֵּ֖ר הַגָּ֥ר בְּתוֹכְכֶֽם׃", "text": "And *ûšəmartem* *ʾattem* *ʾet*-*ḥuqqōtay* and *wəʾet*-*mišpāṭay* and *wəlōʾ* *taʿăśû* from any *mikkōl* *hattôʿēbōt* *hāʾēlleh* *hāʾezrāḥ* and *wəhaggēr* *haggār* *bətôkəkem*", "grammar": { "*ûšəmartem*": "waw conjunction + Qal perfect, 2nd masculine plural - and you shall keep", "*ʾattem*": "2nd masculine plural pronoun - you", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ḥuqqōtay*": "noun, feminine plural construct + 1st person singular suffix - my statutes", "*wəʾet*": "waw conjunction + direct object marker", "*mišpāṭay*": "noun, masculine plural construct + 1st person singular suffix - my judgments", "*wəlōʾ*": "waw conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*taʿăśû*": "Qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you shall do", "*mikkōl*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - from any of", "*hattôʿēbōt*": "definite article + noun, feminine plural - the abominations", "*hāʾēlleh*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun, common plural - these", "*hāʾezrāḥ*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the native", "*wəhaggēr*": "waw conjunction + definite article + noun, masculine singular - and the stranger", "*haggār*": "definite article + Qal participle, masculine singular - the one sojourning", "*bətôkəkem*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular + 2nd masculine plural suffix - in your midst" }, "variants": { "*ûšəmartem*": "and you shall keep/and you shall observe/and you shall guard", "*ḥuqqōtay*": "my statutes/my decrees/my ordinances", "*mišpāṭay*": "my judgments/my ordinances/my regulations", "*taʿăśû*": "you shall do/you shall practice/you shall perform", "*tôʿēbōt*": "abominations/detestable things/abhorrent practices", "*hāʾezrāḥ*": "the native/the native-born/the citizen", "*haggēr*": "the stranger/the sojourner/the foreigner" } }

{ "verseID": "Leviticus.18.27", "source": "כִּ֚י אֶת־כָּל־הַתּוֹעֵבֹ֣ת הָאֵ֔ל עָשׂ֥וּ אַנְשֵֽׁי־הָאָ֖רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֣ר לִפְנֵיכֶ֑ם וַתִּטְמָ֖א הָאָֽרֶץ׃", "text": "For *kî* *ʾet*-*kol*-*hattôʿēbōt* *hāʾēl* *ʿāśû* *ʾanšê*-*hāʾārets* *ʾăšer* before you *lipnêkem* and *wattiṭmāʾ* *hāʾārets*", "grammar": { "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*kol*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all of", "*hattôʿēbōt*": "definite article + noun, feminine plural - the abominations", "*hāʾēl*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun, common plural - these", "*ʿāśû*": "Qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they did", "*ʾanšê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - men of", "*hāʾārets*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the land", "*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - who/which", "*lipnêkem*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural + 2nd masculine plural suffix - before you", "*wattiṭmāʾ*": "waw-consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and was defiled", "*hāʾārets*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the land" }, "variants": { "*tôʿēbōt*": "abominations/detestable things/abhorrent practices", "*ʿāśû*": "they did/they practiced/they performed", "*ʾanšê*": "men of/people of/inhabitants of", "*wattiṭmāʾ*": "and was defiled/and became unclean/and was polluted" } }

{ "verseID": "Leviticus.18.28", "source": "וְלֹֽא־תָקִ֤יא הָאָ֙רֶץ֙ אֶתְכֶ֔ם בְּטַֽמַּאֲכֶ֖ם אֹתָ֑הּ כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר קָאָ֛ה אֶת־הַגּ֖וֹי אֲשֶׁ֥ר לִפְנֵיכֶֽם׃", "text": "And *wəlōʾ*-*tāqîʾ* *hāʾārets* *ʾetkem* when *bəṭammaʾăkem* *ʾōtāh* as *kaʾăšer* *qāʾāh* *ʾet*-*haggôy* *ʾăšer* before you *lipnêkem*", "grammar": { "*wəlōʾ*": "waw conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*tāqîʾ*": "Hiphil imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - will vomit out", "*hāʾārets*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the land", "*ʾetkem*": "direct object marker + 2nd masculine plural suffix - you", "*bəṭammaʾăkem*": "preposition + Piel infinitive construct + 2nd masculine plural suffix - when you defile", "*ʾōtāh*": "direct object marker + 3rd feminine singular suffix - it", "*kaʾăšer*": "preposition + relative particle - as/just as", "*qāʾāh*": "Qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - it vomited out", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*haggôy*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the nation", "*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - which/who", "*lipnêkem*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural + 2nd masculine plural suffix - before you" }, "variants": { "*tāqîʾ*": "will vomit out/will spew out/will eject", "*bəṭammaʾăkem*": "when you defile/when you make unclean/when you pollute", "*qāʾāh*": "it vomited out/it spewed out/it ejected", "*haggôy*": "the nation/the people/the gentile" } }

{ "verseID": "Leviticus.18.29", "source": "כִּ֚י כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֣ר יַעֲשֶׂ֔ה מִכֹּ֥ל הַתּוֹעֵב֖וֹת הָאֵ֑לֶּה וְנִכְרְת֛וּ הַנְּפָשׁ֥וֹת הָעֹשֹׂ֖ת מִקֶּ֥רֶב עַמָּֽם׃", "text": "For *kî* all *kol*-*ʾăšer* *yaʿăśeh* from *mikkōl* *hattôʿēbôt* *hāʾēlleh* and *wənikrətû* *hannəpāšôt* *hāʿōśōt* from *miqqereb* *ʿammām*", "grammar": { "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*kol*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all/whoever", "*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - who", "*yaʿăśeh*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - does", "*mikkōl*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - from any of", "*hattôʿēbôt*": "definite article + noun, feminine plural - the abominations", "*hāʾēlleh*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun, common plural - these", "*wənikrətû*": "waw conjunction + Niphal perfect, 3rd common plural - and shall be cut off", "*hannəpāšôt*": "definite article + noun, feminine plural - the souls/persons", "*hāʿōśōt*": "definite article + Qal participle, feminine plural - the ones doing", "*miqqereb*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - from the midst of", "*ʿammām*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their people" }, "variants": { "*yaʿăśeh*": "does/practices/performs", "*tôʿēbôt*": "abominations/detestable things/abhorrent practices", "*wənikrətû*": "and shall be cut off/and shall be removed/and shall be excluded", "*hannəpāšôt*": "the souls/the persons/the individuals", "*miqqereb*": "from the midst of/from among" } }

{ "verseID": "Leviticus.18.30", "source": "וּשְׁמַרְתֶּ֣ם אֶת־מִשְׁמַרְתִּ֗י לְבִלְתִּ֨י עֲשׂ֜וֹת מֵחֻקּ֤וֹת הַתּֽוֹעֵבֹת֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר נַעֲשׂ֣וּ לִפְנֵיכֶ֔ם וְלֹ֥א תִֽטַּמְּא֖וּ בָּהֶ֑ם אֲנִ֖י יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶֽם׃", "text": "And *ûšəmartem* *ʾet*-*mišmartî* *ləbiltî* *ʿăśôt* from *mēḥuqqôt* *hattôʿēbōt* *ʾăšer* *naʿăśû* before you *lipnêkem* and *wəlōʾ* *tiṭṭammʾû* by them *bāhem* *ʾănî* *YHWH* *ʾĕlōhêkem*", "grammar": { "*ûšəmartem*": "waw conjunction + Qal perfect, 2nd masculine plural - and you shall keep", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*mišmartî*": "noun, feminine singular + 1st person singular suffix - my charge", "*ləbiltî*": "preposition + adverb - so as not to", "*ʿăśôt*": "Qal infinitive construct - do/practice", "*mēḥuqqôt*": "preposition + noun, feminine plural construct - from the customs of", "*hattôʿēbōt*": "definite article + noun, feminine plural - the abominations", "*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - which", "*naʿăśû*": "Niphal perfect, 3rd common plural - were done/practiced", "*lipnêkem*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural + 2nd masculine plural suffix - before you", "*wəlōʾ*": "waw conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*tiṭṭammʾû*": "Hitpael imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you shall defile yourselves", "*bāhem*": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix - by them", "*ʾănî*": "1st person singular pronoun - I", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name", "*ʾĕlōhêkem*": "noun, masculine plural + 2nd masculine plural suffix - your God" }, "variants": { "*ûšəmartem*": "and you shall keep/and you shall observe/and you shall guard", "*mišmartî*": "my charge/my ordinance/my command", "*ləbiltî*": "so as not to/in order not to", "*ʿăśôt*": "do/practice/perform", "*mēḥuqqôt*": "from the customs of/from the practices of/from the statutes of", "*tôʿēbōt*": "abominations/detestable things/abhorrent practices", "*naʿăśû*": "were done/were practiced/were performed", "*tiṭṭammʾû*": "you shall defile yourselves/you shall become unclean/you shall be polluted" } }