{ "verseID": "Psalms.12.1", "source": "לַמְנַצֵּ֥חַ עַֽל־הַשְּׁמִינִ֗ית מִזְמ֥וֹר לְדָוִֽד׃", "text": "To the *mənaṣṣēaḥ* upon the *šəmînîṯ*, *mizmôr* to *dāwid*", "grammar": { "*mənaṣṣēaḥ*": "singular, masculine with prefixed preposition 'to/for' - director/chief musician", "*šəmînîṯ*": "feminine singular noun with definite article 'the' - eighth/octave", "*mizmôr*": "masculine singular construct - psalm/song", "*dāwid*": "proper name with prefixed preposition 'to/for' - David" }, "variants": { "*mənaṣṣēaḥ*": "chief musician/choirmaster/director", "*šəmînîṯ*": "eighth/octave/eight-stringed instrument", "*mizmôr*": "psalm/melody/song" } }

{ "verseID": "Psalms.12.2", "source": "הוֹשִׁ֣יעָה יְ֭הוָה כִּי־גָמַ֣ר חָסִ֑יד כִּי־פַ֥סּוּ אֱ֝מוּנִ֗ים מִבְּנֵ֥י אָדָֽם׃", "text": "*hôšîʿāh* *YHWH* for *gāmar* *ḥāsîd* for *passû* *ʾĕmûnîm* from *bənê* *ʾādām*", "grammar": { "*hôšîʿāh*": "hiphil imperative, masculine singular - save/deliver", "*YHWH*": "proper name, vocative - LORD", "*gāmar*": "qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - ceased/failed/ended", "*ḥāsîd*": "masculine singular noun - godly/faithful one", "*passû*": "qal perfect, 3rd person plural - disappeared/ceased", "*ʾĕmûnîm*": "masculine plural noun - faithful ones/faithful people", "*bənê*": "masculine plural construct - sons of", "*ʾādām*": "masculine singular noun - man/mankind/humanity" }, "variants": { "*hôšîʿāh*": "save/deliver/help", "*gāmar*": "ceased/ended/failed/disappeared", "*ḥāsîd*": "godly one/faithful one/pious one/loyal one", "*passû*": "disappeared/ceased/vanished", "*ʾĕmûnîm*": "faithful ones/trustworthy ones/reliable people", "*bənê ʾādām*": "sons of man/children of humanity/human beings" } }

{ "verseID": "Psalms.12.3", "source": "שָׁ֤וְא ׀ יְֽדַבְּרוּ֮ אִ֤ישׁ אֶת־רֵ֫עֵ֥הוּ שְׂפַ֥ת חֲלָק֑וֹת בְּלֵ֖ב וָלֵ֣ב יְדַבֵּֽרוּ׃", "text": "*šāwʾ* *yədabbərû* *ʾîš* with *rēʿēhû* *śəp̄aṯ* *ḥălāqôṯ* with *lēḇ* and *lēḇ* *yədabbērû*", "grammar": { "*šāwʾ*": "masculine singular noun - falseness/emptiness/vanity", "*yədabbərû*": "piel imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they speak", "*ʾîš*": "masculine singular noun - man/each", "*rēʿēhû*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd person suffix - his neighbor", "*śəp̄aṯ*": "feminine singular construct - lip of/speech of", "*ḥălāqôṯ*": "feminine plural noun - smoothness/flattery", "*lēḇ*": "masculine singular noun - heart", "*yədabbērû*": "piel imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they speak" }, "variants": { "*šāwʾ*": "falsehood/emptiness/vanity/worthlessness", "*ʾîš*": "each one/each man/everyone", "*rēʿēhû*": "his neighbor/his friend/his fellow", "*śəp̄aṯ ḥălāqôṯ*": "smooth lips/flattering speech/smooth words", "*lēḇ wālēḇ*": "double heart/divided heart/with insincerity" } }

{ "verseID": "Psalms.12.4", "source": "יַכְרֵ֣ת יְ֭הוָה כָּל־שִׂפְתֵ֣י חֲלָק֑וֹת לָ֝שׁ֗וֹן מְדַבֶּ֥רֶת גְּדֹלֽוֹת׃", "text": "*yaḵrēṯ* *YHWH* all *śip̄ṯê* *ḥălāqôṯ* *lāšôn* *məḏabbereṯ* *gəḏōlôṯ*", "grammar": { "*yaḵrēṯ*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he will cut off", "*YHWH*": "proper name, subject - LORD", "*śip̄ṯê*": "feminine plural construct - lips of", "*ḥălāqôṯ*": "feminine plural noun - smoothness/flattery", "*lāšôn*": "feminine singular noun - tongue", "*məḏabbereṯ*": "piel participle, feminine singular - speaking", "*gəḏōlôṯ*": "feminine plural adjective - great things/boastful things" }, "variants": { "*yaḵrēṯ*": "cut off/destroy/eliminate", "*śip̄ṯê ḥălāqôṯ*": "flattering lips/smooth-talking lips/deceitful speech", "*lāšôn məḏabbereṯ gəḏōlôṯ*": "tongue speaking great things/boastful tongue/arrogant speech" } }

{ "verseID": "Psalms.12.5", "source": "אֲשֶׁ֤ר אָֽמְר֨וּ ׀ לִלְשֹׁנֵ֣נוּ נַ֭גְבִּיר שְׂפָתֵ֣ינוּ אִתָּ֑נוּ מִ֖י אָד֣וֹן לָֽנוּ׃", "text": "*ʾăšer* *ʾāmərû* to *lišōnēnû* *naḡbîr* *śəp̄āṯênû* with *ʾittānû* who *ʾāḏôn* to us", "grammar": { "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - who/which/that", "*ʾāmərû*": "qal perfect, 3rd person plural - they said", "*lišōnēnû*": "feminine singular noun with 1st person plural suffix and prefixed preposition - to our tongue", "*naḡbîr*": "hiphil imperfect, 1st person plural - we will make strong/prevail", "*śəp̄āṯênû*": "feminine plural noun with 1st person plural suffix - our lips", "*ʾittānû*": "preposition with 1st person plural suffix - with us", "*ʾāḏôn*": "masculine singular noun - lord/master", "*lānû*": "preposition with 1st person plural suffix - to us/over us" }, "variants": { "*naḡbîr*": "make mighty/prevail with/strengthen", "*ʾāḏôn lānû*": "lord over us/master to us/who rules us", "*lišōnēnû*": "with our tongue/by our speech" } }

{ "verseID": "Psalms.12.6", "source": "מִשֹּׁ֥ד עֲנִיִּים֮ מֵאַנְקַ֢ת אֶבְי֫וֹנִ֥ים עַתָּ֣ה אָ֭קוּם יֹאמַ֣ר יְהוָ֑ה אָשִׁ֥ית בְּ֝יֵ֗שַׁע יָפִ֥יחַֽ לֽוֹ׃", "text": "From *šōḏ* *ʿăniyyîm* from *ʾanqaṯ* *ʾeḇyônîm* *ʿattāh* *ʾāqûm* *yōʾmar* *YHWH* *ʾāšîṯ* in *yēšaʿ* *yāp̄îaḥ* to him", "grammar": { "*šōḏ*": "masculine singular construct - oppression/destruction of", "*ʿăniyyîm*": "masculine plural adjective - poor/afflicted ones", "*ʾanqaṯ*": "feminine singular construct - groaning/sighing of", "*ʾeḇyônîm*": "masculine plural adjective - needy ones/destitute", "*ʿattāh*": "adverb - now", "*ʾāqûm*": "qal imperfect, 1st person singular - I will arise", "*yōʾmar*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he says", "*YHWH*": "proper name - LORD", "*ʾāšîṯ*": "qal imperfect, 1st person singular - I will place/set", "*yēšaʿ*": "masculine singular noun with prefixed preposition - in salvation", "*yāp̄îaḥ*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he pants for/longs for", "*lô*": "preposition with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - for him" }, "variants": { "*šōḏ*": "oppression/destruction/violence/devastation", "*ʿăniyyîm*": "poor/afflicted/humble/oppressed", "*ʾanqaṯ*": "groaning/sighing/crying", "*ʾeḇyônîm*": "needy/poor/destitute", "*ʾāqûm*": "I will arise/I will stand up/I will take action", "*ʾāšîṯ*": "I will place/I will set/I will establish", "*yēšaʿ*": "salvation/deliverance/safety", "*yāp̄îaḥ lô*": "pants for it/longs for it/whom they trap" } }

{ "verseID": "Psalms.12.7", "source": "אִֽמֲר֣וֹת יְהוָה֮ אֲמָר֢וֹת טְהֹ֫ר֥וֹת כֶּ֣סֶף צָ֭רוּף בַּעֲלִ֣יל לָאָ֑רֶץ מְ֝זֻקָּ֗ק שִׁבְעָתָֽיִם׃", "text": "*ʾimărôṯ* *YHWH* *ʾămārôṯ* *ṭəhōrôṯ* *kesep̄* *ṣārûp̄* in *ʿălîl* to the *ʾāreṣ* *məzuqqāq* *šiḇʿāṯāyim*", "grammar": { "*ʾimărôṯ*": "feminine plural construct - sayings of/words of", "*YHWH*": "proper name - LORD", "*ʾămārôṯ*": "feminine plural noun - sayings/words", "*ṭəhōrôṯ*": "feminine plural adjective - pure", "*kesep̄*": "masculine singular noun - silver", "*ṣārûp̄*": "qal passive participle, masculine singular - refined/purified", "*ʿălîl*": "masculine singular noun with prefixed preposition - in crucible/furnace", "*ʾāreṣ*": "feminine singular noun with prefixed preposition and definite article - to the earth/ground", "*məzuqqāq*": "pual participle, masculine singular - purified/refined", "*šiḇʿāṯāyim*": "adverb - seven times" }, "variants": { "*ʾimărôṯ*": "words/sayings/promises", "*ʾămārôṯ ṭəhōrôṯ*": "pure words/pure sayings/pure promises", "*kesep̄ ṣārûp̄*": "refined silver/purified silver", "*ʿălîl lāʾāreṣ*": "furnace on earth/crucible to the ground/workshop for the land", "*məzuqqāq šiḇʿāṯāyim*": "purified seven times/refined sevenfold" } }

{ "verseID": "Psalms.12.8", "source": "אַתָּֽה־יְהוָ֥ה תִּשְׁמְרֵ֑ם תִּצְּרֶ֓נּוּ ׀ מִן־הַדּ֖וֹר ז֣וּ לְעוֹלָֽם׃", "text": "You *YHWH* *tišmərēm* *tiṣṣərenûšnû* from the *dôr* *zû* to *ʿôlām*", "grammar": { "*ʾattāh*": "2nd person masculine singular pronoun - you", "*YHWH*": "proper name - LORD", "*tišmərēm*": "qal imperfect, 2nd person masculine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - you will keep them", "*tiṣṣərenûšnû*": "qal imperfect, 2nd person masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - you will preserve him/it", "*dôr*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the generation", "*zû*": "demonstrative pronoun - this", "*ʿôlām*": "masculine singular noun with prefixed preposition - forever/eternally" }, "variants": { "*tišmərēm*": "keep them/guard them/protect them", "*tiṣṣərenûšnû*": "preserve us/protect him/guard it", "*dôr zû*": "this generation/such a generation", "*ʿôlām*": "forever/eternally/without end" } }

{ "verseID": "Psalms.12.9", "source": "סָבִ֗יב רְשָׁעִ֥ים יִתְהַלָּכ֑וּן כְּרֻ֥ם זֻ֝לּ֗וּת לִבְנֵ֥י אָדָֽם׃", "text": "*sāḇîḇ* *rəšāʿîm* *yiṯhallāḵûn* like *rum* *zullûṯ* to *bənê* *ʾāḏām*", "grammar": { "*sāḇîḇ*": "adverb - around/surrounding", "*rəšāʿîm*": "masculine plural adjective - wicked ones", "*yiṯhallāḵûn*": "hithpael imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they walk about", "*rum*": "masculine singular construct - exaltation/rising of", "*zullûṯ*": "feminine singular noun - worthlessness/vileness", "*bənê*": "masculine plural construct - sons of", "*ʾāḏām*": "masculine singular noun - man/mankind/humanity" }, "variants": { "*sāḇîḇ*": "around/on every side/surrounding", "*rəšāʿîm*": "wicked ones/evil people/ungodly", "*yiṯhallāḵûn*": "they walk about/they prowl/they strut", "*kərum zullûṯ*": "when vileness is exalted/according to the height of worthlessness", "*bənê ʾāḏām*": "sons of man/children of humanity/human beings" } }