{ "verseID": "Psalms.48.1", "source": "שִׁ֥יר מִ֝זְמוֹר לִבְנֵי־קֹֽרַח׃", "text": "*šîr* *mizmôr* for *bənê-qōraḥ*", "grammar": { "*šîr*": "masculine singular construct - song/poem", "*mizmôr*": "masculine singular - psalm/melody", "*bənê-qōraḥ*": "masculine plural construct + proper noun - sons of Korah" }, "variants": { "*šîr*": "song/hymn/musical composition", "*mizmôr*": "psalm/melody/musical composition" } }

{ "verseID": "Psalms.48.2", "source": "גָּ֘ד֤וֹל יְהוָ֣ה וּמְהֻלָּ֣ל מְאֹ֑ד בְּעִ֥יר אֱ֝לֹהֵ֗ינוּ הַר־קָדְשֽׁוֹ׃", "text": "*gādôl* *YHWH* *û-məhullāl* *məʾōd* in *ʿîr* *ʾĕlōhênû* *har-qodšô*", "grammar": { "*gādôl*": "masculine singular adjective - great", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*û-məhullāl*": "waw conjunction + pual participle masculine singular - and praised", "*məʾōd*": "adverb - very/exceedingly", "*ʿîr*": "construct state - city of", "*ʾĕlōhênû*": "masculine plural noun with 1st person plural suffix - our God", "*har-qodšô*": "masculine singular construct + masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - mountain of his holiness" }, "variants": { "*gādôl*": "great/large/mighty", "*məhullāl*": "praised/celebrated/renowned", "*məʾōd*": "very/exceedingly/greatly", "*har-qodšô*": "his holy mountain/his mountain of holiness" } }

{ "verseID": "Psalms.48.3", "source": "יְפֵ֥ה נוֹף֮ מְשׂ֢וֹשׂ כָּל־הָ֫אָ֥רֶץ הַר־צִ֭יּוֹן יַרְכְּתֵ֣י צָפ֑וֹן קִ֝רְיַ֗ת מֶ֣לֶךְ רָֽב׃", "text": "*yəpēh nôp məśôś* all-the *ʾāreṣ* *har-ṣiyyôn* *yarkətê ṣāpôn* *qiryat melek rāb*", "grammar": { "*yəpēh*": "adjective masculine singular construct - beautiful", "*nôp*": "masculine singular noun - elevation/height", "*məśôś*": "masculine singular construct - joy of", "*kāl-hāʾāreṣ*": "noun + definite article + noun - all the earth/land", "*har-ṣiyyôn*": "masculine singular construct + proper noun - Mount Zion", "*yarkətê*": "feminine plural construct - sides/recesses of", "*ṣāpôn*": "masculine singular noun - north", "*qiryat*": "feminine singular construct - city of", "*melek*": "masculine singular noun - king", "*rāb*": "masculine singular adjective - great" }, "variants": { "*yəpēh nôp*": "beautiful height/beautiful elevation", "*məśôś*": "joy/delight/exultation", "*yarkətê*": "sides/recesses/remote parts", "*ṣāpôn*": "north/northern", "*qiryat*": "city/town", "*rāb*": "great/many/much" } }

{ "verseID": "Psalms.48.4", "source": "אֱלֹהִ֥ים בְּאַרְמְנוֹתֶ֗יהָ נוֹדַ֥ע לְמִשְׂגָּֽב׃", "text": "*ʾĕlōhîm* in *ʾarmənôteyhā* *nôdaʿ* for *miśgāb*", "grammar": { "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "masculine plural noun - God", "*ʾarmənôteyhā*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - her palaces", "*nôdaʿ*": "niphal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he is known/has made himself known", "*miśgāb*": "masculine singular noun - stronghold/refuge" }, "variants": { "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "God/gods/divine being", "*ʾarmənôteyhā*": "her palaces/her citadels", "*nôdaʿ*": "known/revealed/recognized", "*miśgāb*": "stronghold/refuge/high place" } }

{ "verseID": "Psalms.48.5", "source": "כִּֽי־הִנֵּ֣ה הַ֭מְּלָכִים נֽוֹעֲד֑וּ עָבְר֥וּ יַחְדָּֽו׃", "text": "For *hinnēh* the *mǝlākîm* *nôʿădû* *ʿābrû yaḥdāw*", "grammar": { "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*hinnēh*": "demonstrative particle - behold/look", "*ha-mǝlākîm*": "definite article + masculine plural noun - the kings", "*nôʿădû*": "niphal perfect 3rd plural - they assembled/came together", "*ʿābrû*": "qal perfect 3rd plural - they passed over/crossed", "*yaḥdāw*": "adverb - together" }, "variants": { "*hinnēh*": "behold/see/look", "*nôʿădû*": "assembled/gathered/met together", "*ʿābrû*": "passed by/crossed over/went through" } }

{ "verseID": "Psalms.48.6", "source": "הֵ֣מָּה רָ֭אוּ כֵּ֣ן תָּמָ֑הוּ נִבְהֲל֥וּ נֶחְפָּֽזוּ׃", "text": "*hēmmāh rāʾû* so *tāmāhû nibhălû neḥpāzû*", "grammar": { "*hēmmāh*": "3rd person masculine plural pronoun - they", "*rāʾû*": "qal perfect 3rd plural - they saw", "*kēn*": "adverb - thus/so", "*tāmāhû*": "qal perfect 3rd plural - they were amazed", "*nibhălû*": "niphal perfect 3rd plural - they were terrified/dismayed", "*neḥpāzû*": "niphal perfect 3rd plural - they fled in alarm/hurried away" }, "variants": { "*rāʾû*": "saw/beheld/looked at", "*tāmāhû*": "were amazed/were astonished/were stunned", "*nibhălû*": "were terrified/were alarmed/were dismayed", "*neḥpāzû*": "fled in alarm/hurried away/panicked" } }

{ "verseID": "Psalms.48.7", "source": "רְ֭עָדָה אֲחָזָ֣תַם שָׁ֑ם חִ֝֗יל כַּיּוֹלֵֽדָה׃", "text": "*rəʿādāh ʾăḥāzātam* there *ḥîl* like *yôlēdāh*", "grammar": { "*rəʿādāh*": "feminine singular noun - trembling/shaking", "*ʾăḥāzātam*": "qal perfect 3rd feminine singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix - seized them", "*šām*": "adverb - there", "*ḥîl*": "masculine singular noun - anguish/pain", "*ka-yôlēdāh*": "preposition + qal participle feminine singular - like a woman giving birth" }, "variants": { "*rəʿādāh*": "trembling/shaking/terror", "*ʾăḥāzātam*": "seized them/gripped them/took hold of them", "*ḥîl*": "anguish/pain/writhing", "*yôlēdāh*": "woman giving birth/woman in labor" } }

{ "verseID": "Psalms.48.8", "source": "בְּר֥וּחַ קָדִ֑ים תְּ֝שַׁבֵּ֗ר אֳנִיּ֥וֹת תַּרְשִֽׁישׁ׃", "text": "With *rûaḥ qādîm* *təšabbēr* *ʾŏniyyôt taršîš*", "grammar": { "*bərûaḥ*": "preposition + feminine singular construct - with wind of", "*qādîm*": "masculine singular noun - east", "*təšabbēr*": "piel imperfect 2nd masculine singular - you shatter", "*ʾŏniyyôt*": "feminine plural construct - ships of", "*taršîš*": "proper noun - Tarshish" }, "variants": { "*rûaḥ qādîm*": "east wind/eastern wind", "*təšabbēr*": "you shatter/you break/you wreck", "*ʾŏniyyôt*": "ships/vessels/boats", "*taršîš*": "Tarshish (location, possibly Spain or a Mediterranean port)" } }

{ "verseID": "Psalms.48.9", "source": "כַּאֲשֶׁ֤ר שָׁמַ֨עְנוּ ׀ כֵּ֤ן רָאִ֗ינוּ בְּעִיר־יְהוָ֣ה צְ֭בָאוֹת בְּעִ֣יר אֱלֹהֵ֑ינוּ אֱלֹ֘הִ֤ים יְכוֹנְנֶ֖הָ עַד־עוֹלָ֣ם סֶֽלָה׃", "text": "As *ʾăšer šāmaʿnû* so *rāʾînû* in *ʿîr-YHWH ṣəbāʾôt* in *ʿîr ʾĕlōhênû ʾĕlōhîm yəkônənehā* until *ʿôlām selāh*", "grammar": { "*kaʾăšer*": "preposition + relative particle - as/just as", "*šāmaʿnû*": "qal perfect 1st plural - we heard", "*kēn*": "adverb - so/thus", "*rāʾînû*": "qal perfect 1st plural - we saw", "*bəʿîr*": "preposition + feminine singular construct - in city of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*ṣəbāʾôt*": "feminine plural noun - hosts/armies", "*ʿîr*": "feminine singular construct - city of", "*ʾĕlōhênû*": "masculine plural noun with 1st person plural suffix - our God", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "masculine plural noun - God", "*yəkônənehā*": "polel imperfect 3rd masculine singular with 3rd feminine singular suffix - he establishes her", "*ʿad-ʿôlām*": "preposition + masculine singular noun - forever", "*selāh*": "musical or liturgical term" }, "variants": { "*šāmaʿnû*": "we heard/we have heard", "*rāʾînû*": "we saw/we have seen", "*YHWH ṣəbāʾôt*": "LORD of hosts/LORD of armies", "*yəkônənehā*": "establishes her/makes her firm/establishes it", "*ʿôlām*": "forever/eternity/long duration", "*selāh*": "musical notation possibly indicating pause/interlude" } }

{ "verseID": "Psalms.48.10", "source": "דִּמִּ֣ינוּ אֱלֹהִ֣ים חַסְדֶּ֑ךָ בְּ֝קֶ֗רֶב הֵיכָלֶֽךָ׃", "text": "*dimmînû ʾĕlōhîm ḥasdekā* in *qereb hêkālekā*", "grammar": { "*dimmînû*": "piel perfect 1st plural - we pondered/thought about", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "masculine plural noun - God", "*ḥasdekā*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your steadfast love", "*bəqereb*": "preposition + masculine singular construct - in the midst of", "*hêkālekā*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your temple" }, "variants": { "*dimmînû*": "we thought about/we pondered/we meditated on", "*ḥasdekā*": "your steadfast love/your lovingkindness/your mercy", "*qereb*": "midst/interior/inner part", "*hêkālekā*": "your temple/your palace/your sanctuary" } }

{ "verseID": "Psalms.48.11", "source": "כְּשִׁמְךָ֤ אֱלֹהִ֗ים כֵּ֣ן תְּ֭הִלָּתְךָ עַל־קַצְוֵי־אֶ֑רֶץ צֶ֝֗דֶק מָלְאָ֥ה יְמִינֶֽךָ׃", "text": "Like *šimkā ʾĕlōhîm* so *təhillātkā* unto *qaṣwê-ʾereṣ ṣedeq mālʾāh yəmînekā*", "grammar": { "*kəšimkā*": "preposition + masculine singular noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - like your name", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "masculine plural noun - God", "*kēn*": "adverb - so/thus", "*təhillātkā*": "feminine singular noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your praise", "*ʿal-qaṣwê*": "preposition + masculine plural construct - to the ends of", "*ʾereṣ*": "feminine singular noun - earth/land", "*ṣedeq*": "masculine singular noun - righteousness", "*mālʾāh*": "qal perfect 3rd feminine singular - is full of", "*yəmînekā*": "feminine singular noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your right hand" }, "variants": { "*šimkā*": "your name/your reputation", "*təhillātkā*": "your praise/your renown/your glory", "*qaṣwê-ʾereṣ*": "ends of the earth/uttermost parts of the land", "*ṣedeq*": "righteousness/justice/rightness", "*yəmînekā*": "your right hand/your strength" } }

{ "verseID": "Psalms.48.12", "source": "יִשְׂמַ֤ח ׀ הַר־צִיּ֗וֹן תָּ֭גֵלְנָה בְּנ֣וֹת יְהוּדָ֑ה לְ֝מַ֗עַן מִשְׁפָּטֶֽיךָ׃", "text": "*yiśmaḥ har-ṣiyyôn tāgēlnāh bənôt yəhûdāh* for sake of *mišpāṭeykā*", "grammar": { "*yiśmaḥ*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular jussive - let rejoice", "*har-ṣiyyôn*": "masculine singular construct + proper noun - Mount Zion", "*tāgēlnāh*": "qal imperfect 3rd feminine plural - let rejoice/be glad", "*bənôt*": "feminine plural construct - daughters of", "*yəhûdāh*": "proper noun - Judah", "*ləmaʿan*": "preposition - for the sake of/because of", "*mišpāṭeykā*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your judgments" }, "variants": { "*yiśmaḥ*": "rejoices/is glad/let rejoice", "*tāgēlnāh*": "rejoice/are glad/let rejoice", "*bənôt yəhûdāh*": "daughters of Judah/towns of Judah", "*mišpāṭeykā*": "your judgments/your ordinances/your decisions" } }

{ "verseID": "Psalms.48.13", "source": "סֹ֣בּוּ צִ֭יּוֹן וְהַקִּיפ֑וּהָ סִ֝פְר֗וּ מִגְדָּלֶֽיהָ׃", "text": "*sōbbû ṣiyyôn wəhaqqîpûhā siprû migdāleyhā*", "grammar": { "*sōbbû*": "qal imperative masculine plural - walk around", "*ṣiyyôn*": "proper noun - Zion", "*wəhaqqîpûhā*": "waw conjunction + hiphil imperative masculine plural with 3rd feminine singular suffix - and encircle her", "*siprû*": "qal imperative masculine plural - count", "*migdāleyhā*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her towers" }, "variants": { "*sōbbû*": "walk around/go around/encircle", "*haqqîpûhā*": "encircle her/go around her/surround her", "*siprû*": "count/number/recount", "*migdāleyhā*": "her towers/her strongholds" } }

{ "verseID": "Psalms.48.14", "source": "שִׁ֤יתוּ לִבְּכֶ֨ם ׀ לְֽחֵילָ֗ה פַּסְּג֥וּ אַרְמְנוֹתֶ֑יהָ לְמַ֥עַן תְּ֝סַפְּר֗וּ לְד֣וֹר אַחֲרֽוֹן׃", "text": "*šîtû libbəkem lə-ḥêlāh passəgû ʾarmənôteyhā* so that *təsappərû* to *dôr ʾaḥărôn*", "grammar": { "*šîtû*": "qal imperative masculine plural - set/place", "*libbəkem*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd masculine plural suffix - your heart", "*lə-ḥêlāh*": "preposition + masculine singular noun with 3rd feminine singular suffix - to her rampart", "*passəgû*": "piel imperative masculine plural - examine/consider", "*ʾarmənôteyhā*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her palaces", "*ləmaʿan*": "conjunction - so that", "*təsappərû*": "piel imperfect 2nd masculine plural - you may tell", "*dôr*": "masculine singular construct - generation of", "*ʾaḥărôn*": "masculine singular adjective - later/following" }, "variants": { "*šîtû libbəkem*": "set your heart/consider well/pay attention", "*ḥêlāh*": "her rampart/her bulwark/her fortification", "*passəgû*": "examine carefully/consider/observe", "*ʾarmənôteyhā*": "her palaces/her citadels", "*təsappərû*": "you may tell/you may recount/you may declare", "*dôr ʾaḥărôn*": "later generation/future generation" } }

{ "verseID": "Psalms.48.15", "source": "כִּ֤י זֶ֨ה ׀ אֱלֹהִ֣ים אֱ֭לֹהֵינוּ עוֹלָ֣ם וָעֶ֑ד ה֖וּא יְנַהֲגֵ֣נוּ עַל־מֽוּת׃", "text": "For *zeh ʾĕlōhîm ʾĕlōhênû ʿôlām wāʿed hûʾ yənahăgēnû ʿal-mût*", "grammar": { "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*zeh*": "demonstrative pronoun - this", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "masculine plural noun - God", "*ʾĕlōhênû*": "masculine plural noun with 1st person plural suffix - our God", "*ʿôlām*": "masculine singular noun - forever", "*wāʿed*": "waw conjunction + masculine singular noun - and ever", "*hûʾ*": "3rd person masculine singular pronoun - he", "*yənahăgēnû*": "piel imperfect 3rd masculine singular with 1st person plural suffix - he will guide us", "*ʿal-mût*": "preposition + feminine singular noun - unto death" }, "variants": { "*zeh*": "this/such", "*ʾĕlōhênû*": "our God", "*ʿôlām wāʿed*": "forever and ever/for all eternity", "*yənahăgēnû*": "he will guide us/he will lead us", "*ʿal-mût*": "unto death/beyond death/according to some interpreters 'ʿal-ʿălāmôt' (in the manner of young women/with soprano voices)" } }