{ "verseID": "Psalms.52.1", "source": "לַמְנַצֵּ֗חַ מַשְׂכִּ֥יל לְדָוִֽד׃", "text": "To the *měnaṣṣēaḥ*, a *maśkîl* of *Dāwid*.", "grammar": { "*lǎ-*": "preposition 'to/for' with definite article", "*měnaṣṣēaḥ*": "participle, masculine singular, Piel form - director/choirmaster/chief musician", "*maśkîl*": "noun, masculine singular - skillful composition/contemplative poem/instruction", "*lě-*": "preposition 'to/for/of'", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun - David" }, "variants": { "*měnaṣṣēaḥ*": "choirmaster/chief musician/conductor/victor", "*maśkîl*": "contemplative poem/skillful composition/instruction/didactic psalm" } }

{ "verseID": "Psalms.52.2", "source": "בְּב֤וֹא ׀ דּוֹאֵ֣ג הָאֲדֹמִי֮ וַיַּגֵּ֢ד לְשָׁ֫א֥וּל וַיֹּ֥אמֶר ל֑וֹ בָּ֥א דָ֝וִ֗ד אֶל־בֵּ֥ית אֲחִימֶֽלֶךְ׃", "text": "In the *bôʾ* of *Dôʾēg* the *ʾĕdômî* and he *wayyaggēd* to *Šāʾûl* and he *wayyōʾmer* to him, *bāʾ* *Dāwid* to-house of *ʾĂḥîmelek*.", "grammar": { "*bě-*": "preposition 'in/when'", "*bôʾ*": "infinitive construct, Qal - coming/entering", "*Dôʾēg*": "proper noun - Doeg", "*hā-*": "definite article 'the'", "*ʾĕdômî*": "adjective, masculine singular - Edomite", "*wa-*": "conjunction 'and'", "*yaggēd*": "imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, Hifil with waw-consecutive - he told/reported", "*lě-*": "preposition 'to'", "*Šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul", "*yōʾmer*": "imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, Qal with waw-consecutive - he said", "*lô*": "preposition with 3rd masculine singular suffix - to him", "*bāʾ*": "perfect, 3rd masculine singular, Qal - came/entered", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun - David", "*ʾel-*": "preposition 'to/toward'", "*bêt*": "construct form of 'house'", "*ʾĂḥîmelek*": "proper noun - Ahimelech" }, "variants": { "*bôʾ*": "coming/entering/arriving", "*wayyaggēd*": "reported/told/informed", "*wayyōʾmer*": "said/declared/spoke", "*bāʾ*": "came/entered/arrived" } }

{ "verseID": "Psalms.52.3", "source": "מַה־תִּתְהַלֵּ֣ל בְּ֭רָעָה הַגִּבּ֑וֹר חֶ֥סֶד אֵ֝֗ל כָּל־הַיּֽוֹם׃", "text": "Why *tithallēl* in *rāʿāh*, O *gibbôr*? *ḥesed* of *ʾēl* all-the-*yôm*.", "grammar": { "*mah-*": "interrogative particle 'why/what'", "*tithallēl*": "imperfect, 2nd masculine singular, Hitpael - you boast/glory", "*bě-*": "preposition 'in'", "*rāʿāh*": "noun, feminine singular - evil/wickedness", "*ha-*": "definite article 'the'", "*gibbôr*": "noun/adjective, masculine singular - mighty one/hero/warrior", "*ḥesed*": "noun, masculine singular - lovingkindness/steadfast love/mercy", "*ʾēl*": "noun, masculine singular - God/deity", "*kol-*": "construct 'all of'", "*ha-*": "definite article 'the'", "*yôm*": "noun, masculine singular - day" }, "variants": { "*tithallēl*": "boast yourself/glory/praise yourself", "*rāʿāh*": "evil/wickedness/misfortune/calamity", "*gibbôr*": "mighty one/warrior/hero/tyrant", "*ḥesed*": "lovingkindness/steadfast love/mercy/covenant loyalty", "*ʾēl*": "God/Mighty One/deity" } }

{ "verseID": "Psalms.52.4", "source": "הַ֭וּוֹת תַּחְשֹׁ֣ב לְשׁוֹנֶ֑ךָ כְּתַ֥עַר מְ֝לֻטָּ֗שׁ עֹשֵׂ֥ה רְמִיָּֽה׃", "text": "*hawwôt* *taḥšōb* your-*lāšôn*, like-*taʿar* *měluttāš* *ʿōśēh* *rěmiyyâ*.", "grammar": { "*hawwôt*": "noun, feminine plural - destruction/calamities/mischief", "*taḥšōb*": "imperfect, 2nd masculine singular, Qal - you devise/plan/think", "*lěšôn*": "noun, feminine singular - tongue/language", "*-ěkā*": "possessive suffix, 2nd masculine singular - your", "*kě-*": "preposition 'like/as'", "*taʿar*": "noun, masculine singular - razor", "*měluttāš*": "participle, masculine singular, Pual - sharpened", "*ʿōśēh*": "participle, masculine singular, Qal - making/doing/working", "*rěmiyyâ*": "noun, feminine singular - deceit/treachery" }, "variants": { "*hawwôt*": "destructions/disasters/calamities/mischief", "*taḥšōb*": "devise/plan/think/plot", "*lāšôn*": "tongue/language/speech", "*taʿar*": "razor/knife", "*měluttāš*": "sharpened/polished", "*ʿōśēh*": "making/doing/working/practicing", "*rěmiyyâ*": "deceit/treachery/deception/fraud" } }

{ "verseID": "Psalms.52.5", "source": "אָהַ֣בְתָּ רָּ֣ע מִטּ֑וֹב שֶׁ֓קֶר ׀ מִדַּבֵּ֖ר צֶ֣דֶק סֶֽלָה׃", "text": "You *ʾāhabětā* *rāʿ* from-*ṭôb*, *šeqer* from-*dabbēr* *ṣedeq*. *Selâ*.", "grammar": { "*ʾāhabětā*": "perfect, 2nd masculine singular, Qal - you have loved", "*rāʿ*": "noun/adjective, masculine singular - evil/bad", "*mi-*": "preposition 'from/more than'", "*ṭôb*": "noun/adjective, masculine singular - good", "*šeqer*": "noun, masculine singular - falsehood/lie", "*mi-*": "preposition 'from/more than'", "*dabbēr*": "infinitive construct, Piel - speaking", "*ṣedeq*": "noun, masculine singular - righteousness/justice", "*Selâ*": "musical notation/pause" }, "variants": { "*ʾāhabětā*": "you have loved/preferred/chosen", "*rāʿ*": "evil/wickedness/bad", "*ṭôb*": "good/goodness/benefit", "*šeqer*": "falsehood/lie/deception", "*dabbēr*": "speaking/saying/uttering", "*ṣedeq*": "righteousness/justice/truth", "*Selâ*": "musical interlude/pause/lift up (meaning uncertain)" } }

{ "verseID": "Psalms.52.6", "source": "אָהַ֥בְתָּ כָֽל־דִּבְרֵי־בָ֗לַע לְשׁ֣וֹן מִרְמָֽה׃", "text": "You *ʾāhabtā* all-*dibrê*-*bālaʿ*, *lěšôn* *mirmâ*.", "grammar": { "*ʾāhabtā*": "perfect, 2nd masculine singular, Qal - you have loved", "*kol-*": "construct 'all of'", "*dibrê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - words of", "*bālaʿ*": "noun, masculine singular - swallowing/destruction/devouring", "*lěšôn*": "noun, feminine singular, construct - tongue of", "*mirmâ*": "noun, feminine singular - deceit/treachery" }, "variants": { "*ʾāhabtā*": "you have loved/preferred/chosen", "*dibrê*": "words/sayings/speech", "*bālaʿ*": "swallowing/devouring/destruction/ruin", "*lěšôn*": "tongue/language/speech", "*mirmâ*": "deceit/treachery/deception/fraud" } }

{ "verseID": "Psalms.52.7", "source": "גַּם־אֵל֮ יִתָּצְךָ֢ לָ֫נֶ֥צַח יַחְתְּךָ֣ וְיִסָּחֲךָ֣ מֵאֹ֑הֶל וְשֵֽׁרֶשְׁךָ֨ מֵאֶ֖רֶץ חַיִּ֣ים סֶֽלָה׃", "text": "Also-*ʾēl* shall *yittāṣěkā* to-the-*neṣaḥ*; he shall *yaḥtěkā* and *yissāḥăkā* from-*ʾōhel*, and *šērešěkā* from-*ʾereṣ* *ḥayyîm*. *Selâ*.", "grammar": { "*gam-*": "particle 'also/even'", "*ʾēl*": "noun, masculine singular - God/deity", "*yittāṣěkā*": "imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, Qal with 2nd masculine singular suffix - he will tear you down", "*lā-*": "preposition 'to/for' with definite article", "*neṣaḥ*": "noun, masculine singular - eternity/forever", "*yaḥtěkā*": "imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, Qal with 2nd masculine singular suffix - he will snatch/seize you", "*wě-*": "conjunction 'and'", "*yissāḥăkā*": "imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, Qal with 2nd masculine singular suffix - he will tear you away/uproot you", "*mē-*": "preposition 'from'", "*ʾōhel*": "noun, masculine singular - tent/dwelling", "*wě-*": "conjunction 'and'", "*šērešěkā*": "verb + 2nd masculine singular suffix - root you out", "*mē-*": "preposition 'from'", "*ʾereṣ*": "noun, feminine singular, construct - land of", "*ḥayyîm*": "noun, masculine plural - living/life", "*Selâ*": "musical notation/pause" }, "variants": { "*ʾēl*": "God/Mighty One/deity", "*yittāṣěkā*": "break you down/tear you down/demolish you", "*neṣaḥ*": "eternity/perpetuity/forever", "*yaḥtěkā*": "snatch you/seize you/take you away", "*yissāḥăkā*": "uproot you/tear you away/pluck you", "*ʾōhel*": "tent/dwelling/habitation", "*šērešěkā*": "root you out/uproot you", "*ʾereṣ*": "land/earth/ground", "*ḥayyîm*": "life/living/alive", "*Selâ*": "musical interlude/pause/lift up (meaning uncertain)" } }

{ "verseID": "Psalms.52.8", "source": "וְיִרְא֖וּ צַדִּיקִ֥ים וְיִירָ֗אוּ וְעָלָ֥יו יִשְׂחָֽקוּ׃", "text": "And *yirʾû* *ṣaddîqîm* and *yîrāʾû*, and upon-him they *yiśḥāqû*.", "grammar": { "*wě-*": "conjunction 'and'", "*yirʾû*": "imperfect, 3rd masculine plural, Qal - they will see", "*ṣaddîqîm*": "adjective/noun, masculine plural - righteous ones", "*wě-*": "conjunction 'and'", "*yîrāʾû*": "imperfect, 3rd masculine plural, Qal - they will fear", "*wě-*": "conjunction 'and'", "*ʿālāw*": "preposition with 3rd masculine singular suffix - upon him", "*yiśḥāqû*": "imperfect, 3rd masculine plural, Qal - they will laugh" }, "variants": { "*yirʾû*": "they will see/perceive/observe", "*ṣaddîqîm*": "righteous ones/just ones/the righteous", "*yîrāʾû*": "they will fear/be afraid/be in awe", "*yiśḥāqû*": "they will laugh/mock/deride" } }

{ "verseID": "Psalms.52.9", "source": "הִנֵּ֤ה הַגֶּ֗בֶר לֹ֤א יָשִׂ֥ים אֱלֹהִ֗ים מָֽע֫וּזּ֥וֹ וַ֭יִּבְטַח בְּרֹ֣ב עָשְׁר֑וֹ יָ֝עֹ֗ז בְּהַוָּתֽוֹ׃", "text": "*Hinnēh* the-*geber* not *yāśîm* *ʾĕlōhîm* his-*māʿôz*, and *wayyibṭaḥ* in-*rōb* his-*ʿōšer*, *yāʿōz* in-his-*hawwâ*.", "grammar": { "*Hinnēh*": "demonstrative particle - behold/look", "*ha-*": "definite article 'the'", "*geber*": "noun, masculine singular - man/warrior/strong man", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle 'not'", "*yāśîm*": "imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, Qal - he makes/places/sets", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine plural (used as singular) - God", "*māʿôz*": "noun, masculine singular - stronghold/refuge", "*-ô*": "possessive suffix, 3rd masculine singular - his", "*wa-*": "conjunction 'and'", "*yibṭaḥ*": "imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, Qal with waw consecutive - he trusted", "*bě-*": "preposition 'in'", "*rōb*": "noun, masculine singular, construct - abundance of", "*ʿōšer*": "noun, masculine singular - wealth/riches", "*-ô*": "possessive suffix, 3rd masculine singular - his", "*yāʿōz*": "imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, Qal - he was strong/prevailed", "*bě-*": "preposition 'in'", "*hawwâ*": "noun, feminine singular - desire/destruction/calamity", "*-ô*": "possessive suffix, 3rd masculine singular - his" }, "variants": { "*Hinnēh*": "behold/look/see", "*geber*": "man/mighty man/warrior/strong man", "*yāśîm*": "makes/places/sets/establishes", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "God/gods", "*māʿôz*": "stronghold/refuge/fortress", "*wayyibṭaḥ*": "trusted/relied on/was confident in", "*rōb*": "abundance/multitude/greatness", "*ʿōšer*": "wealth/riches/abundance", "*yāʿōz*": "was strong/prevailed/took refuge/became strong", "*hawwâ*": "destructive desire/ruin/calamity/mischief" } }

{ "verseID": "Psalms.52.10", "source": "וַאֲנִ֤י ׀ כְּזַ֣יִת רַ֭עֲנָן בְּבֵ֣ית אֱלֹהִ֑ים בָּטַ֥חְתִּי בְחֶֽסֶד־אֱ֝לֹהִ֗ים עוֹלָ֥ם וָעֶֽד׃", "text": "And *ʾănî* like-*zayit* *raʿănān* in-*bêt* *ʾĕlōhîm*; *bāṭaḥtî* in-*ḥesed*-*ʾĕlōhîm* *ʿôlām* *wāʿed*.", "grammar": { "*wa-*": "conjunction 'and'", "*ʾănî*": "personal pronoun, 1st person singular - I", "*kě-*": "preposition 'like/as'", "*zayit*": "noun, masculine singular - olive tree", "*raʿănān*": "adjective, masculine singular - luxuriant/fresh/flourishing", "*bě-*": "preposition 'in'", "*bêt*": "noun, masculine singular, construct - house of", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine plural (used as singular) - God", "*bāṭaḥtî*": "perfect, 1st person singular, Qal - I trust/have trusted", "*bě-*": "preposition 'in'", "*ḥesed*": "noun, masculine singular, construct - lovingkindness/steadfast love of", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine plural (used as singular) - God", "*ʿôlām*": "noun, masculine singular - eternity/forever", "*wā-*": "conjunction 'and'", "*ʿed*": "noun, masculine singular - perpetuity/forever" }, "variants": { "*ʾănî*": "I/myself", "*zayit*": "olive tree/olive", "*raʿănān*": "flourishing/green/luxuriant/fresh", "*bêt*": "house/temple/household of", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "God/gods", "*bāṭaḥtî*": "I trust/have trusted/rely on", "*ḥesed*": "lovingkindness/steadfast love/mercy/covenant loyalty", "*ʿôlām*": "forever/eternity/ancient time", "*wāʿed*": "and ever/perpetuity/continuing" } }

{ "verseID": "Psalms.52.11", "source": "אוֹדְךָ֣ לְ֭עוֹלָם כִּ֣י עָשִׂ֑יתָ וַאֲקַוֶּ֥ה שִׁמְךָ֥ כִֽי־ט֝֗וֹב נֶ֣גֶד חֲסִידֶֽיךָ׃", "text": "I will *ʾôdekā* to-*ʿôlām* because *ʿāśîtā*, and I will *ʾăqawweh* your-*šimkā* for-*ṭôb* before your-*ḥăsîdêkā*.", "grammar": { "*ʾôdekā*": "imperfect, 1st person singular, Hifil with 2nd masculine singular suffix - I will thank/praise you", "*lě-*": "preposition 'to/for'", "*ʿôlām*": "noun, masculine singular - eternity/forever", "*kî*": "conjunction 'because/for'", "*ʿāśîtā*": "perfect, 2nd masculine singular, Qal - you have done/made", "*wa-*": "conjunction 'and'", "*ʾăqawweh*": "imperfect, 1st person singular, Piel - I will wait for/hope in", "*šim*": "noun, masculine singular - name", "*-kā*": "possessive suffix, 2nd masculine singular - your", "*kî-*": "conjunction 'for/because'", "*ṭôb*": "adjective, masculine singular - good", "*neged*": "preposition - before/in presence of", "*ḥăsîdêkā*": "noun, masculine plural with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your faithful ones/godly ones" }, "variants": { "*ʾôdekā*": "I will thank you/praise you/give you thanks", "*ʿôlām*": "forever/eternity/ancient time", "*ʿāśîtā*": "you have done/made/accomplished/performed", "*ʾăqawweh*": "I will wait for/hope in/expect", "*šimkā*": "your name/reputation/character", "*ṭôb*": "good/pleasant/beneficial/agreeable", "*neged*": "before/in the presence of/in front of", "*ḥăsîdêkā*": "your faithful ones/godly ones/saints/loyal followers" } }