{ "verseID": "Psalms.79.1", "source": "מִזְמ֗וֹר לְאָ֫סָ֥ף אֱ‍ֽלֹהִ֡ים בָּ֤אוּ גוֹיִ֨ם ׀ בְּֽנַחֲלָתֶ֗ךָ טִ֭מְּאוּ אֶת־הֵיכַ֣ל קָדְשֶׁ֑ךָ שָׂ֖מוּ אֶת־יְרוּשָׁלַ֣͏ִם לְעִיִּֽים׃", "text": "*mizmôr* to-*ʾāsāp̄* *ʾĕlōhîm* *bāʾû* *gôyîm* in-*naḥălāṯeḵā* *ṭimməʾû* *ʾeṯ*-*hêḵal* *qāḏšeḵā* *śāmû* *ʾeṯ*-*yərûšālaim* to-*ʿiyyîm*", "grammar": { "*mizmôr*": "masculine singular noun, construct - psalm/melody", "*lĕ*": "preposition - to/for/belonging to", "*ʾāsāp̄*": "proper noun - Asaph", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "masculine plural noun, used as singular - God/gods", "*bāʾû*": "qal perfect 3rd person plural - they came/entered", "*gôyîm*": "masculine plural noun - nations/gentiles", "*bĕ*": "preposition - in/into", "*naḥălāṯeḵā*": "feminine singular noun with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your inheritance/possession", "*ṭimməʾû*": "piel perfect 3rd person plural - they defiled/made unclean", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*hêḵal*": "masculine singular construct - temple/palace", "*qāḏšeḵā*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your holiness/sanctuary", "*śāmû*": "qal perfect 3rd person plural - they placed/put", "*yərûšālaim*": "proper noun - Jerusalem", "*lĕ*": "preposition - to/for/as", "*ʿiyyîm*": "masculine plural noun - ruins/heaps" }, "variants": { "*mizmôr*": "psalm/song/melody", "*ʾāsāp̄*": "proper name/possibly a musical guild", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "God/gods/divine being", "*gôyîm*": "nations/gentiles/foreigners", "*naḥălāṯeḵā*": "your inheritance/possession/property", "*ṭimməʾû*": "defiled/made unclean/polluted", "*hêḵal*": "temple/palace/sanctuary", "*qāḏšeḵā*": "your holiness/your holy place/your sanctuary", "*ʿiyyîm*": "ruins/heaps/rubble piles" } }

{ "verseID": "Psalms.79.2", "source": "נָֽתְנ֡וּ אֶת־נִבְלַ֬ת עֲבָדֶ֗יךָ מַ֭אֲכָל לְע֣וֹף הַשָּׁמָ֑יִם בְּשַׂ֥ר חֲ֝סִידֶ֗יךָ לְחַיְתוֹ־אָֽרֶץ׃", "text": "*nāṯnû* *ʾeṯ*-*niḇlaṯ* *ʿăḇāḏeḵā* *maʾăḵāl* to-*ʿôp̄* *haššāmāyim* *bəśar* *ḥăsîḏeḵā* to-*ḥayṯô*-*ʾāreṣ*", "grammar": { "*nāṯnû*": "qal perfect 3rd person plural - they gave", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*niḇlaṯ*": "feminine singular construct - corpse/carcass of", "*ʿăḇāḏeḵā*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your servants", "*maʾăḵāl*": "masculine singular noun - food/meal", "*lĕ*": "preposition - to/for", "*ʿôp̄*": "masculine singular construct - birds/fowl of", "*ha*": "definite article - the", "*šāmāyim*": "masculine plural noun - heavens/sky", "*bəśar*": "masculine singular construct - flesh of", "*ḥăsîḏeḵā*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your faithful ones/saints", "*lĕ*": "preposition - to/for", "*ḥayṯô*": "feminine singular construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - beasts of", "*ʾāreṣ*": "feminine singular noun - earth/land" }, "variants": { "*niḇlaṯ*": "corpses/dead bodies/carcasses", "*ʿăḇāḏeḵā*": "your servants/your slaves", "*maʾăḵāl*": "food/meal/something to be eaten", "*ʿôp̄*": "birds/flying creatures", "*šāmāyim*": "heavens/sky", "*bəśar*": "flesh/meat/body", "*ḥăsîḏeḵā*": "your faithful ones/your godly ones/your saints", "*ḥayṯô*": "beasts/animals/living creatures", "*ʾāreṣ*": "earth/land/ground" } }

{ "verseID": "Psalms.79.3", "source": "שָׁפְכ֬וּ דָמָ֨ם ׀ כַּמַּ֗יִם סְֽבִ֘יב֤וֹת יְֽרוּשָׁלִָ֗ם וְאֵ֣ין קוֹבֵֽר׃", "text": "*šāp̄ḵû* *ḏāmām* like-*hammayim* *səḇîḇôṯ* *yərûšālaim* *wə*-*ʾên* *qôḇēr*", "grammar": { "*šāp̄ḵû*": "qal perfect 3rd person plural - they poured out", "*ḏāmām*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their blood", "*kə*": "preposition - like/as", "*ha*": "definite article - the", "*mayim*": "masculine plural noun - water", "*səḇîḇôṯ*": "feminine plural noun construct - surroundings of/around", "*yərûšālaim*": "proper noun - Jerusalem", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*ʾên*": "particle of negation - there is not/there was no", "*qôḇēr*": "qal participle masculine singular - one burying/burier" }, "variants": { "*šāp̄ḵû*": "poured out/shed", "*ḏāmām*": "their blood", "*mayim*": "water/waters", "*səḇîḇôṯ*": "around/surrounding/environs", "*ʾên*": "there is not/nothing/no one", "*qôḇēr*": "one who buries/gravedigger" } }

{ "verseID": "Psalms.79.4", "source": "הָיִ֣ינוּ חֶ֭רְפָּה לִשְׁכֵנֵ֑ינוּ לַ֥עַג וָ֝קֶ֗לֶס לִסְבִיבוֹתֵֽינוּ׃", "text": "*hāyînû* *ḥerpâ* to-*šəḵēnênû* *laʿaḡ* *wā*-*qeles* to-*səḇîḇôṯênû*", "grammar": { "*hāyînû*": "qal perfect 1st person plural - we have become/we were", "*ḥerpâ*": "feminine singular noun - reproach/taunt", "*lĕ*": "preposition - to/for", "*šəḵēnênû*": "masculine plural noun with 1st person plural suffix - our neighbors", "*laʿaḡ*": "masculine singular noun - mockery/derision", "*wā*": "conjunction - and", "*qeles*": "masculine singular noun - scorn/ridicule", "*lĕ*": "preposition - to/for", "*səḇîḇôṯênû*": "feminine plural noun with 1st person plural suffix - our surroundings/those around us" }, "variants": { "*hāyînû*": "we have become/we were", "*ḥerpâ*": "reproach/taunt/object of scorn", "*šəḵēnênû*": "our neighbors/those dwelling near us", "*laʿaḡ*": "mockery/derision/laughingstock", "*qeles*": "scorn/ridicule/contempt", "*səḇîḇôṯênû*": "those around us/our surroundings/our neighbors" } }

{ "verseID": "Psalms.79.5", "source": "עַד־מָ֣ה יְ֭הוָה תֶּאֱנַ֣ף לָנֶ֑צַח תִּ֭‪[t]‬בְעַ֥ר כְּמוֹ־אֵ֝֗שׁ קִנְאָתֶֽךָ׃", "text": "Until-*mâ* *YHWH* *teʾĕnap̄* to-*nēṣaḥ* *tiḇʿar* like-*ʾēš* *qinʾāṯeḵā*", "grammar": { "*ʿaḏ*": "preposition - until/how long", "*mâ*": "interrogative - what/how", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*teʾĕnap̄*": "qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular - you will be angry", "*lā*": "preposition - to/for", "*nēṣaḥ*": "masculine singular noun - forever/perpetuity", "*tiḇʿar*": "qal imperfect 3rd person feminine singular - it will burn", "*kəmô*": "preposition - like/as", "*ʾēš*": "feminine singular noun - fire", "*qinʾāṯeḵā*": "feminine singular noun with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your jealousy/zeal" }, "variants": { "*ʿaḏ-mâ*": "how long/until when", "*teʾĕnap̄*": "you will be angry/you will show displeasure", "*nēṣaḥ*": "forever/perpetually/completely", "*tiḇʿar*": "will burn/will consume/will be kindled", "*ʾēš*": "fire/flame", "*qinʾāṯeḵā*": "your jealousy/your zeal/your passion" } }

{ "verseID": "Psalms.79.6", "source": "שְׁפֹ֤ךְ חֲמָתְךָ֗ אֶֽל־הַגּוֹיִם֮ אֲשֶׁ֢ר לֹא־יְדָ֫ע֥וּךָ וְעַ֥ל מַמְלָכ֑וֹת אֲשֶׁ֥ר בְּ֝שִׁמְךָ֗ לֹ֣א קָרָֽאוּ׃", "text": "*šəp̄ōḵ* *ḥămāṯḵā* to-*haggôyim* *ʾăšer* not-*yəḏāʿûḵā* *wə*-upon *mamlāḵôṯ* *ʾăšer* in-*šimḵā* not *qārāʾû*", "grammar": { "*šəp̄ōḵ*": "qal imperative masculine singular - pour out", "*ḥămāṯḵā*": "feminine singular noun with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your wrath", "*ʾel*": "preposition - to/unto", "*ha*": "definite article - the", "*gôyim*": "masculine plural noun - nations/gentiles", "*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - who/which/that", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*yəḏāʿûḵā*": "qal perfect 3rd person plural with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - they have known you", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*ʿal*": "preposition - upon/against", "*mamlāḵôṯ*": "feminine plural noun - kingdoms", "*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - who/which/that", "*bĕ*": "preposition - in/with", "*šimḵā*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your name", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*qārāʾû*": "qal perfect 3rd person plural - they have called" }, "variants": { "*šəp̄ōḵ*": "pour out/spill", "*ḥămāṯḵā*": "your wrath/your fury/your hot anger", "*gôyim*": "nations/gentiles/peoples", "*yəḏāʿûḵā*": "they have known you/they acknowledge you", "*mamlāḵôṯ*": "kingdoms/realms", "*šimḵā*": "your name", "*qārāʾû*": "they have called/they have invoked" } }

{ "verseID": "Psalms.79.7", "source": "כִּ֭י אָכַ֣ל אֶֽת־יַעֲקֹ֑ב וְֽאֶת־נָוֵ֥הוּ הֵשַֽׁמּוּ׃", "text": "For *ʾāḵal* *ʾeṯ*-*yaʿăqōḇ* *wə*-*ʾeṯ*-*nāwēhû* *hēšammû*", "grammar": { "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*ʾāḵal*": "qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - he has devoured", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*yaʿăqōḇ*": "proper noun - Jacob", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*nāwēhû*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his dwelling place", "*hēšammû*": "hiphil perfect 3rd person plural - they have laid waste" }, "variants": { "*ʾāḵal*": "devoured/consumed/eaten", "*yaʿăqōḇ*": "Jacob (referring to Israel/the people)", "*nāwēhû*": "his dwelling place/his habitation/his pasture", "*hēšammû*": "they have laid waste/they have made desolate" } }

{ "verseID": "Psalms.79.8", "source": "אַֽל־תִּזְכָּר־לָנוּ֮ עֲוֺנֹ֢ת רִאשֹׁ֫נִ֥ים מַ֭הֵר יְקַדְּמ֣וּנוּ רַחֲמֶ֑יךָ כִּ֖י דַלּ֣וֹנוּ מְאֹֽד׃", "text": "Not-*tizkor*-to-us *ʿăwōnōṯ* *riʾšōnîm* *mahēr* *yəqaddəmûnû* *raḥămeḵā* for *dallônû* *məʾōḏ*", "grammar": { "*ʾal*": "negative particle - do not", "*tizkor*": "qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular - you will remember", "*lānû*": "preposition with 1st person plural suffix - to us/against us", "*ʿăwōnōṯ*": "masculine plural construct - iniquities of", "*riʾšōnîm*": "masculine plural adjective - former ones/ancestors", "*mahēr*": "piel imperative masculine singular - hasten/quickly", "*yəqaddəmûnû*": "piel imperfect 3rd person plural with 1st person plural suffix - they will come to meet us", "*raḥămeḵā*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your compassions", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*dallônû*": "qal perfect 1st person plural - we are brought low", "*məʾōḏ*": "adverb - very/exceedingly" }, "variants": { "*tizkor*": "remember/call to mind/hold against", "*ʿăwōnōṯ*": "iniquities/sins/guilt", "*riʾšōnîm*": "former ones/ancestors/those before us", "*mahēr*": "quickly/speedily/hasten", "*yəqaddəmûnû*": "come to meet us/come before us/confront us", "*raḥămeḵā*": "your compassions/your mercies", "*dallônû*": "we are brought low/we are impoverished/we are weak" } }

{ "verseID": "Psalms.79.9", "source": "עָזְרֵ֤נוּ ׀ אֱלֹ֘הֵ֤י יִשְׁעֵ֗נוּ עַל־דְּבַ֥ר כְּבֽוֹד־שְׁמֶ֑ךָ וְהַצִּילֵ֥נוּ וְכַפֵּ֥ר עַל־חַ֝טֹּאתֵ֗ינוּ לְמַ֣עַן שְׁמֶֽךָ׃", "text": "*ʿozrēnû* *ʾĕlōhê* *yišʿēnû* for-*dəḇar* *kəḇôḏ*-*šəmeḵā* *wə*-*haṣṣîlēnû* *wə*-*ḵappēr* for-*ḥaṭṭōʾṯênû* for-sake *šəmeḵā*", "grammar": { "*ʿozrēnû*": "qal imperative masculine singular with 1st person plural suffix - help us", "*ʾĕlōhê*": "masculine plural construct - God of", "*yišʿēnû*": "masculine singular noun with 1st person plural suffix - our salvation", "*ʿal*": "preposition - for/concerning", "*dəḇar*": "masculine singular construct - word/matter of", "*kəḇôḏ*": "masculine singular construct - glory of", "*šəmeḵā*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your name", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*haṣṣîlēnû*": "hiphil imperative masculine singular with 1st person plural suffix - deliver us", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*ḵappēr*": "piel imperative masculine singular - atone/cover", "*ʿal*": "preposition - for/concerning", "*ḥaṭṭōʾṯênû*": "feminine plural noun with 1st person plural suffix - our sins", "*ləmaʿan*": "preposition - for the sake of", "*šəmeḵā*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your name" }, "variants": { "*ʿozrēnû*": "help us/assist us", "*ʾĕlōhê*": "God of", "*yišʿēnû*": "our salvation/our deliverance", "*dəḇar*": "word/matter/cause", "*kəḇôḏ*": "glory/honor", "*šəmeḵā*": "your name", "*haṣṣîlēnû*": "deliver us/rescue us/save us", "*ḵappēr*": "atone for/cover/forgive", "*ḥaṭṭōʾṯênû*": "our sins/our offenses", "*ləmaʿan*": "for the sake of/on account of" } }

{ "verseID": "Psalms.79.10", "source": "לָ֤מָּה ׀ יֹאמְר֣וּ הַגּוֹיִם֮ אַיֵּ֢ה אֱ‍ֽלֹהֵ֫יהֶ֥ם יִוָּדַ֣ע *בגיים **בַּגּוֹיִ֣ם לְעֵינֵ֑ינוּ נִ֝קְמַ֗ת דַּֽם־עֲבָדֶ֥יךָ הַשָּׁפֽוּךְ׃", "text": "*lāmmâ* *yōʾmrû* *haggôyim* *ʾayyēh* *ʾĕlōhêhem* *yiwwāḏaʿ* in-*haggôyim* to-*ʿênênû* *niqmaṯ* *dam*-*ʿăḇāḏeḵā* *haššāp̄ûḵ*", "grammar": { "*lāmmâ*": "interrogative - why", "*yōʾmrû*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - they will say", "*ha*": "definite article - the", "*gôyim*": "masculine plural noun - nations/gentiles", "*ʾayyēh*": "interrogative adverb - where", "*ʾĕlōhêhem*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their God", "*yiwwāḏaʿ*": "niphal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular jussive - let it be known", "*ba*": "preposition with definite article - in the", "*gôyim*": "masculine plural noun - nations/gentiles", "*lĕ*": "preposition - to/before", "*ʿênênû*": "feminine dual noun with 1st person plural suffix - our eyes", "*niqmaṯ*": "feminine singular construct - vengeance of", "*dam*": "masculine singular construct - blood of", "*ʿăḇāḏeḵā*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your servants", "*ha*": "definite article - the", "*šāp̄ûḵ*": "qal passive participle masculine singular - poured out/shed" }, "variants": { "*lāmmâ*": "why/for what reason", "*yōʾmrû*": "they say/they would say", "*gôyim*": "nations/gentiles/peoples", "*ʾayyēh*": "where/where is", "*ʾĕlōhêhem*": "their God/their gods", "*yiwwāḏaʿ*": "let it be known/may it be known/be made known", "*ʿênênû*": "our eyes/in our sight", "*niqmaṯ*": "vengeance/retribution for", "*dam*": "blood/bloodshed", "*ʿăḇāḏeḵā*": "your servants/your slaves", "*šāp̄ûḵ*": "shed/poured out/spilled" } }

{ "verseID": "Psalms.79.11", "source": "תָּ֤ב֣וֹא לְפָנֶיךָ֮ אֶנְקַ֢ת אָ֫סִ֥יר כְּגֹ֥דֶל זְרוֹעֲךָ֑ ה֝וֹתֵ֗ר בְּנֵ֣י תְמוּתָֽה׃", "text": "*tāḇôʾ* to-*pāneḵā* *ʾenqaṯ* *ʾāsîr* according-to-greatness *zərôʿăḵā* *hôṯēr* *bənê* *ṯəmûṯâ*", "grammar": { "*tāḇôʾ*": "qal imperfect 3rd person feminine singular jussive - let it come", "*lĕ*": "preposition - to/before", "*pāneḵā*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your face", "*ʾenqaṯ*": "feminine singular construct - groaning of", "*ʾāsîr*": "masculine singular noun - prisoner", "*kə*": "preposition - according to", "*ḡōḏel*": "masculine singular construct - greatness of", "*zərôʿăḵā*": "feminine singular noun with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your arm", "*hôṯēr*": "hiphil imperative masculine singular - preserve/leave a remnant", "*bənê*": "masculine plural construct - sons of/children of", "*ṯəmûṯâ*": "feminine singular noun - death/those appointed to die" }, "variants": { "*tāḇôʾ*": "let come/may come/come", "*pāneḵā*": "your face/your presence", "*ʾenqaṯ*": "groaning/sighing", "*ʾāsîr*": "prisoner/captive", "*ḡōḏel*": "greatness/might", "*zərôʿăḵā*": "your arm/your power/your strength", "*hôṯēr*": "preserve/spare/leave a remnant", "*bənê*": "sons of/children of/those destined for", "*ṯəmûṯâ*": "death/those appointed to die/mortality" } }

{ "verseID": "Psalms.79.12", "source": "וְהָ֘שֵׁ֤ב לִשְׁכֵנֵ֣ינוּ שִׁ֭בְעָתַיִם אֶל־חֵיקָ֑ם חֶרְפָּ֘תָ֤ם אֲשֶׁ֖ר חֵרְפ֣וּךָ אֲדֹֽ‪[c]‬נָי׃", "text": "*wə*-*hāšēḇ* to-*šəḵēnênû* *šiḇʿāṯayim* to-*ḥêqām* *ḥerpāṯām* *ʾăšer* *ḥērpûḵā* *ʾăḏōnāy*", "grammar": { "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*hāšēḇ*": "hiphil imperative masculine singular - return/repay", "*lĕ*": "preposition - to", "*šəḵēnênû*": "masculine plural noun with 1st person plural suffix - our neighbors", "*šiḇʿāṯayim*": "dual numeral - sevenfold", "*ʾel*": "preposition - to/into", "*ḥêqām*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their bosom", "*ḥerpāṯām*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their reproach", "*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - which/that", "*ḥērpûḵā*": "piel perfect 3rd person plural with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - they have reproached you", "*ʾăḏōnāy*": "proper noun - Lord/my Lord" }, "variants": { "*hāšēḇ*": "return/repay/bring back", "*šəḵēnênû*": "our neighbors/those dwelling near us", "*šiḇʿāṯayim*": "sevenfold/seven times", "*ḥêqām*": "their bosom/their lap/within them", "*ḥerpāṯām*": "their reproach/their insult/their taunt", "*ḥērpûḵā*": "they have reproached you/they have taunted you/they have insulted you", "*ʾăḏōnāy*": "Lord/my Lord/Sovereign" } }

{ "verseID": "Psalms.79.13", "source": "וַאֲנַ֤חְנוּ עַמְּךָ֨ ׀ וְצֹ֥אן מַרְעִיתֶךָ֮ נ֤וֹדֶ֥ה לְּךָ֗ לְע֫וֹלָ֥ם לְדֹ֥ר וָדֹ֑ר נְ֝סַפֵּ֗ר תְּהִלָּתֶֽךָ׃", "text": "*wa*-*ʾănaḥnû* *ʿamməḵā* *wə*-*ṣōʾn* *marʿîṯeḵā* *nôḏeh* to-you to-*ʿôlām* to-*dōr* *wā*-*dōr* *nəsappēr* *təhillāṯeḵā*", "grammar": { "*wa*": "conjunction - and", "*ʾănaḥnû*": "1st person plural personal pronoun - we", "*ʿamməḵā*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your people", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*ṣōʾn*": "feminine singular construct - flock/sheep of", "*marʿîṯeḵā*": "feminine singular noun with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your pasture", "*nôḏeh*": "hiphil imperfect 1st person plural - we will give thanks", "*lləḵā*": "preposition with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - to you", "*lĕ*": "preposition - to/for", "*ʿôlām*": "masculine singular noun - forever/eternity", "*lĕ*": "preposition - to/for", "*dōr*": "masculine singular noun - generation", "*wā*": "conjunction - and", "*dōr*": "masculine singular noun - generation", "*nəsappēr*": "piel imperfect 1st person plural - we will recount/tell", "*təhillāṯeḵā*": "feminine singular noun with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your praise" }, "variants": { "*ʾănaḥnû*": "we", "*ʿamməḵā*": "your people/your nation", "*ṣōʾn*": "sheep/flock", "*marʿîṯeḵā*": "your pasture/your shepherding", "*nôḏeh*": "we will give thanks/we will praise/we will acknowledge", "*ʿôlām*": "forever/eternity/perpetuity", "*dōr wā-dōr*": "generation to generation/forever", "*nəsappēr*": "we will recount/we will declare/we will tell", "*təhillāṯeḵā*": "your praise/your glory/what is praiseworthy about you" } }