{ "verseID": "Ruth.4.1", "source": "וּבֹ֨עַז עָלָ֣ה הַשַּׁעַר֮ וַיֵּ֣שֶׁב שָׁם֒ וְהִנֵּ֨ה הַגֹּאֵ֤ל עֹבֵר֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר דִּבֶּר־בֹּ֔עַז וַיֹּ֛אמֶר ס֥וּרָה שְׁבָה־פֹּ֖ה פְּלֹנִ֣י אַלְמֹנִ֑י וַיָּ֖סַר וַיֵּשֵֽׁב׃", "text": "*wə-Boʿaz* *ʿālâ* the-*šaʿar* *wa-yēšeb* there *wə-hinnēh* the-*gōʾēl* *ʿōbēr* who *dibbēr*-*Boʿaz* *wa-yōʾmer* *sûrâ* *šəbâ*-here *pəlōnî* *ʾalmōnî* *wa-yāsar* *wa-yēšēb*", "grammar": { "*wə-Boʿaz*": "conjunction + proper noun - and Boaz", "*ʿālâ*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - went up/ascended", "*šaʿar*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the gate/city entrance", "*wa-yēšeb*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he sat down", "*wə-hinnēh*": "conjunction + demonstrative particle - and behold/look", "*gōʾēl*": "Qal participle, masculine singular with definite article - the kinsman-redeemer", "*ʿōbēr*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - passing by", "*dibbēr*": "Piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - had spoken (about)", "*wa-yōʾmer*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*sûrâ*": "Qal imperative, masculine singular - turn aside", "*šəbâ*": "Qal imperative, masculine singular - sit down", "*pəlōnî* *ʾalmōnî*": "idiom for unnamed person - such-and-such one", "*wa-yāsar*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he turned aside", "*wa-yēšēb*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he sat down" }, "variants": { "*šaʿar*": "gate/city entrance/place of legal transactions", "*gōʾēl*": "kinsman-redeemer/relative with redemption rights", "*pəlōnî* *ʾalmōnî*": "so-and-so/unnamed person/anonymous one", "*dibbēr*": "spoke about/mentioned/discussed" } }

{ "verseID": "Ruth.4.2", "source": "וַיִּקַּ֞ח עֲשָׂרָ֧ה אֲנָשִׁ֛ים מִזִּקְנֵ֥י הָעִ֖יר וַיֹּ֣אמֶר שְׁבוּ־פֹ֑ה וַיֵּשֵֽׁבוּ׃", "text": "*wa-yiqqaḥ* ten *ʾănāšîm* from-*ziknê* the-*ʿîr* *wa-yōʾmer* *šəbû*-here *wa-yēšēbû*", "grammar": { "*wa-yiqqaḥ*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he took", "*ʾănāšîm*": "noun, masculine plural - men", "*ziknê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - elders of", "*ʿîr*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the city", "*wa-yōʾmer*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*šəbû*": "Qal imperative, masculine plural - sit down", "*wa-yēšēbû*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they sat down" }, "variants": { "*ziknê*": "elders/older men/city officials", "*ʿîr*": "city/town/village" } }

{ "verseID": "Ruth.4.3", "source": "וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ לַגֹּאֵ֔ל חֶלְקַת֙ הַשָּׂדֶ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר לְאָחִ֖ינוּ לֶאֱלִימֶ֑לֶךְ מָכְרָ֣ה נָעֳמִ֔י הַשָּׁ֖בָה מִשְּׂדֵ֥ה מוֹאָֽב׃", "text": "*wa-yōʾmer* to-the-*gōʾēl* *ḥelqat* the-*śādeh* which to-*ʾāḥînû* to-*ʾĕlîmelek* *mākərâ* *Noʿŏmî* the-*šābâ* from-*śədēh* *Môʾāb*", "grammar": { "*wa-yōʾmer*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*gōʾēl*": "Qal participle, masculine singular with definite article and preposition - to the kinsman-redeemer", "*ḥelqat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - portion of", "*śādeh*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the field", "*ʾāḥînû*": "noun, masculine singular + 1st plural suffix with preposition - to our brother", "*ʾĕlîmelek*": "proper noun with preposition - to Elimelech", "*mākərâ*": "Qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - she has sold", "*Noʿŏmî*": "proper noun - Naomi", "*šābâ*": "Qal participle, feminine singular with definite article - the one who returned", "*śədēh*": "noun, masculine singular construct with preposition - from field of", "*Môʾāb*": "proper noun - Moab" }, "variants": { "*ḥelqat*": "portion/parcel/plot", "*śādeh*": "field/land/country", "*ʾāḥînû*": "our brother/our kinsman/our relative", "*šābâ*": "returned/came back" } }

{ "verseID": "Ruth.4.4", "source": "וַאֲנִ֨י אָמַ֜רְתִּי אֶגְלֶ֧ה אָזְנְךָ֣ לֵאמֹ֗ר קְ֠נֵה נֶ֥גֶד הַֽיֹּשְׁבִים֮ וְנֶ֣גֶד זִקְנֵ֣י עַמִּי֒ אִם־תִּגְאַל֙ גְּאָ֔ל וְאִם־לֹ֨א יִגְאַ֜ל הַגִּ֣ידָה לִּ֗י *ואדע **וְאֵֽדְעָה֙ כִּ֣י אֵ֤ין זוּלָֽתְךָ֙ לִגְא֔וֹל וְאָנֹכִ֖י אַחֲרֶ֑יךָ וַיֹּ֖אמֶר אָנֹכִ֥י אֶגְאָֽל׃", "text": "*wa-ʾănî* *ʾāmartî* *ʾegleh* *ʾoznəkā* *lēʾmōr* *qənēh* before the-*yōšəbîm* and-before *ziqnê* *ʿammî* if-*tigʾal* *gəʾāl* and-if-not *yigʾal* *haggîdâ* to-me *wə-ʾēdəʿâ* because *ʾên* *zûlātəkā* *ligʾôl* *wə-ʾānōkî* after-you *wa-yōʾmer* *ʾānōkî* *ʾegʾāl*", "grammar": { "*wa-ʾănî*": "conjunction + 1st person singular pronoun - and I", "*ʾāmartî*": "Qal perfect, 1st singular - I said/thought", "*ʾegleh*": "Qal imperfect, 1st singular - I will uncover/disclose", "*ʾoznəkā*": "noun, feminine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your ear", "*lēʾmōr*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - saying", "*qənēh*": "Qal imperative, masculine singular - buy", "*yōšəbîm*": "Qal participle, masculine plural with definite article - the ones sitting/dwelling", "*ziqnê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - elders of", "*ʿammî*": "noun, masculine singular + 1st singular suffix - my people", "*tigʾal*": "Qal imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you will redeem", "*gəʾāl*": "Qal imperative, masculine singular - redeem", "*yigʾal*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he will redeem", "*haggîdâ*": "Hiphil imperative, masculine singular - tell/declare", "*wə-ʾēdəʿâ*": "conjunction + Qal cohortative, 1st singular - that I may know", "*ʾên*": "particle of negation - there is not", "*zûlātəkā*": "preposition + 2nd masculine singular suffix - besides you", "*ligʾôl*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - to redeem", "*wə-ʾānōkî*": "conjunction + 1st person singular pronoun - and I", "*wa-yōʾmer*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*ʾānōkî*": "1st person singular pronoun - I", "*ʾegʾāl*": "Qal imperfect, 1st singular - I will redeem" }, "variants": { "*ʾegleh* *ʾoznəkā*": "I will uncover your ear/inform you/reveal to you", "*gəʾāl*": "redeem/buy back/act as kinsman", "*zûlātəkā*": "besides you/except you/other than you", "*ʾēdəʿâ*": "I may know/I will know" } }

{ "verseID": "Ruth.4.5", "source": "וַיֹּ֣אמֶר בֹּ֔עַז בְּיוֹם־קְנוֹתְךָ֥ הַשָּׂדֶ֖ה מִיַּ֣ד נָעֳמִ֑י וּ֠מֵאֵת ר֣וּת הַמּוֹאֲבִיָּ֤ה אֵֽשֶׁת־הַמֵּת֙ *קניתי **קָנִ֔יתָה לְהָקִ֥ים שֵׁם־הַמֵּ֖ת עַל־נַחֲלָתֽוֹ׃", "text": "*wa-yōʾmer* *Bōʿaz* in-day-*qənôtəkā* the-*śādeh* from-hand-of *Noʿŏmî* *ûmēʾēt* *Rût* the-*Môʾăbîyâ* *ʾēšet*-the-*mēt* *qānîtâ* *ləhāqîm* *šēm*-the-*mēt* upon-*naḥălātô*", "grammar": { "*wa-yōʾmer*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*Bōʿaz*": "proper noun - Boaz", "*qənôtəkā*": "Qal infinitive construct + 2nd masculine singular suffix with preposition - in your buying", "*śādeh*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the field", "*Noʿŏmî*": "proper noun - Naomi", "*ûmēʾēt*": "conjunction + preposition + direct object marker - and from", "*Rût*": "proper noun - Ruth", "*Môʾăbîyâ*": "gentilic adjective, feminine singular with definite article - the Moabitess", "*ʾēšet*": "noun, feminine singular construct - wife of", "*mēt*": "Qal participle, masculine singular with definite article - the dead man", "*qānîtâ*": "Qal perfect, 2nd masculine singular - you have acquired", "*ləhāqîm*": "preposition + Hiphil infinitive construct - to raise up", "*šēm*": "noun, masculine singular construct - name of", "*naḥălātô*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix with preposition - upon his inheritance" }, "variants": { "*qānîtâ*": "you have acquired/you must buy/you have bought", "*ləhāqîm* *šēm*": "to raise up name/to preserve lineage/to maintain family line", "*naḥălātô*": "his inheritance/his property/his possession" } }

{ "verseID": "Ruth.4.6", "source": "וַיֹּ֣אמֶר הַגֹּאֵ֗ל לֹ֤א אוּכַל֙ *לגאול־**לִגְאָל־לִ֔י פֶּן־אַשְׁחִ֖ית אֶת־נַחֲלָתִ֑י גְּאַל־לְךָ֤ אַתָּה֙ אֶת־גְּאֻלָּתִ֔י כִּ֥י לֹא־אוּכַ֖ל לִגְאֹֽל׃", "text": "*wa-yōʾmer* the-*gōʾēl* not *ʾûkal* *ligʾāl*-for-me lest-*ʾašḥît* *ʾet*-*naḥălātî* *gəʾal*-for-yourself you *ʾet*-*gəʾullātî* because not-*ʾûkal* *ligʾōl*", "grammar": { "*wa-yōʾmer*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*gōʾēl*": "Qal participle, masculine singular with definite article - the kinsman-redeemer", "*ʾûkal*": "Qal imperfect, 1st singular - I am able", "*ligʾāl*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct + preposition + 1st singular suffix - to redeem for myself", "*ʾašḥît*": "Hiphil imperfect, 1st singular - I damage/ruin", "*naḥălātî*": "noun, feminine singular + 1st singular suffix with direct object marker - my inheritance", "*gəʾal*": "Qal imperative, masculine singular - redeem", "*gəʾullātî*": "noun, feminine singular + 1st singular suffix with direct object marker - my right of redemption", "*ʾûkal*": "Qal imperfect, 1st singular - I am able", "*ligʾōl*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - to redeem" }, "variants": { "*ʾûkal* *ligʾāl*": "I am able to redeem/I can buy back", "*ʾašḥît*": "I damage/I ruin/I mar/I destroy", "*naḥălātî*": "my inheritance/my property/my estate", "*gəʾullātî*": "my right of redemption/my redemption privilege" } }

{ "verseID": "Ruth.4.7", "source": "וְזֹאת֩ לְפָנִ֨ים בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל עַל־הַגְּאוּלָּ֤ה וְעַל־הַתְּמוּרָה֙ לְקַיֵּ֣ם כָּל־דָּבָ֔ר שָׁלַ֥ף אִ֛ישׁ נַעֲל֖וֹ וְנָתַ֣ן לְרֵעֵ֑הוּ וְזֹ֥את הַתְּעוּדָ֖ה בְּיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃", "text": "*wə-zōʾt* *ləpānîm* in-*Yiśrāʾēl* concerning-the-*gəʾûllâ* and-concerning-the-*təmûrâ* *ləqayyēm* all-*dābār* *šālap* *ʾîš* *naʿălô* *wə-nātan* to-*rēʿēhû* *wə-zōʾt* the-*təʿûdâ* in-*Yiśrāʾēl*", "grammar": { "*wə-zōʾt*": "conjunction + demonstrative pronoun, feminine singular - and this", "*ləpānîm*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural - formerly", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun with preposition - in Israel", "*gəʾûllâ*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article with preposition - concerning the redemption", "*təmûrâ*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article with preposition - concerning the exchange", "*ləqayyēm*": "preposition + Piel infinitive construct - to confirm", "*dābār*": "noun, masculine singular - matter/thing", "*šālap*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he drew off", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - a man", "*naʿălô*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his sandal", "*wə-nātan*": "conjunction + Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and gave", "*rēʿēhû*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix with preposition - to his neighbor", "*təʿûdâ*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the attestation/testimony" }, "variants": { "*ləpānîm*": "formerly/in earlier times/in the past", "*gəʾûllâ*": "redemption/right of redemption", "*təmûrâ*": "exchange/transfer/barter", "*ləqayyēm*": "to confirm/to validate/to establish", "*šālap*": "drew off/removed/pulled off", "*təʿûdâ*": "attestation/testimony/legal custom" } }

{ "verseID": "Ruth.4.8", "source": "וַיֹּ֧אמֶר הַגֹּאֵ֛ל לְבֹ֖עַז קְנֵה־לָ֑ךְ וַיִּשְׁלֹ֖ף נַעֲלֽוֹ׃", "text": "*wa-yōʾmer* the-*gōʾēl* to-*Bōʿaz* *qənēh*-for-yourself *wa-yišlōp* *naʿălô*", "grammar": { "*wa-yōʾmer*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*gōʾēl*": "Qal participle, masculine singular with definite article - the kinsman-redeemer", "*Bōʿaz*": "proper noun with preposition - to Boaz", "*qənēh*": "Qal imperative, masculine singular - buy", "*wa-yišlōp*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he drew off", "*naʿălô*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his sandal" }, "variants": { "*qənēh*-for-yourself": "buy for yourself/acquire for yourself", "*yišlōp*": "drew off/removed/pulled off" } }

{ "verseID": "Ruth.4.9", "source": "וַיֹּאמֶר֩ בֹּ֨עַז לַזְּקֵנִ֜ים וְכָל־הָעָ֗ם עֵדִ֤ים אַתֶּם֙ הַיּ֔וֹם כִּ֤י קָנִ֙יתִי֙ אֶת־כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֣ר לֶֽאֱלִימֶ֔לֶךְ וְאֵ֛ת כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֥ר לְכִלְי֖וֹן וּמַחְל֑וֹן מִיַּ֖ד נָעֳמִֽי׃", "text": "*wa-yōʾmer* *Bōʿaz* to-the-*zəqēnîm* and-all-the-*ʿām* *ʿēdîm* you the-*yôm* that *qānîtî* *ʾet*-all-that to-*ʾĔlîmelek* and-*ʾēt* all-that to-*Kilyôn* and-*Maḥlôn* from-hand-of *Noʿŏmî*", "grammar": { "*wa-yōʾmer*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*Bōʿaz*": "proper noun - Boaz", "*zəqēnîm*": "noun, masculine plural with definite article and preposition - to the elders", "*ʿām*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the people", "*ʿēdîm*": "noun, masculine plural - witnesses", "*yôm*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the day", "*qānîtî*": "Qal perfect, 1st singular - I have bought", "*ʾĔlîmelek*": "proper noun with preposition - to Elimelech", "*Kilyôn*": "proper noun with preposition - to Kilion", "*Maḥlôn*": "proper noun - Mahlon", "*Noʿŏmî*": "proper noun - Naomi" }, "variants": { "*zəqēnîm*": "elders/older men/city officials", "*ʿām*": "people/community/assembly", "*qānîtî*": "I have bought/I have acquired/I have purchased", "*ʿēdîm*": "witnesses/testifiers" } }

{ "verseID": "Ruth.4.10", "source": "וְגַ֣ם אֶת־ר֣וּת הַמֹּאֲבִיָּה֩ אֵ֨שֶׁת מַחְל֜וֹן קָנִ֧יתִי לִ֣י לְאִשָּׁ֗ה לְהָקִ֤ים שֵׁם־הַמֵּת֙ עַל־נַ֣חֲלָת֔וֹ וְלֹא־יִכָּרֵ֧ת שֵׁם־הַמֵּ֛ת מֵעִ֥ם אֶחָ֖יו וּמִשַּׁ֣עַר מְקוֹמ֑וֹ עֵדִ֥ים אַתֶּ֖ם הַיּֽוֹם׃", "text": "*wə-gam* *ʾet*-*Rût* the-*Môʾăbîyâ* *ʾēšet* *Maḥlôn* *qānîtî* to-me for-*ʾiššâ* *ləhāqîm* *šēm*-the-*mēt* upon-*naḥălātô* and-not-*yikkārēt* *šēm*-the-*mēt* from-with *ʾeḥāyw* and-from-*šaʿar* *məqômô* *ʿēdîm* you the-*yôm*", "grammar": { "*wə-gam*": "conjunction + adverb - and also", "*Rût*": "proper noun with direct object marker - Ruth", "*Môʾăbîyâ*": "gentilic adjective, feminine singular with definite article - the Moabitess", "*ʾēšet*": "noun, feminine singular construct - wife of", "*Maḥlôn*": "proper noun - Mahlon", "*qānîtî*": "Qal perfect, 1st singular - I have bought", "*ʾiššâ*": "noun, feminine singular with preposition - for a wife", "*ləhāqîm*": "preposition + Hiphil infinitive construct - to raise up", "*šēm*": "noun, masculine singular construct - name of", "*mēt*": "Qal participle, masculine singular with definite article - the dead man", "*naḥălātô*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix with preposition - upon his inheritance", "*yikkārēt*": "Niphal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - will be cut off", "*ʾeḥāyw*": "noun, masculine plural + 3rd masculine singular suffix with preposition - from his brothers", "*šaʿar*": "noun, masculine singular construct with preposition - from gate of", "*məqômô*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his place", "*ʿēdîm*": "noun, masculine plural - witnesses", "*yôm*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the day" }, "variants": { "*qānîtî*": "I have bought/I have acquired/I have taken", "*ləhāqîm* *šēm*": "to raise up name/to preserve lineage/to continue family line", "*yikkārēt*": "will be cut off/will be removed/will be eliminated", "*šaʿar* *məqômô*": "gate of his place/his hometown/his community" } }

{ "verseID": "Ruth.4.11", "source": "וַיֹּ֨אמְר֜וּ כָּל־הָעָ֧ם אֲשֶׁר־בַּשַּׁ֛עַר וְהַזְּקֵנִ֖ים עֵדִ֑ים יִתֵּן֩ יְהוָ֨ה אֶֽת־הָאִשָּׁ֜ה הַבָּאָ֣ה אֶל־בֵּיתֶ֗ךָ כְּרָחֵ֤ל ׀ וּכְלֵאָה֙ אֲשֶׁ֨ר בָּנ֤וּ שְׁתֵּיהֶם֙ אֶת־בֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַעֲשֵׂה־חַ֣יִל בְּאֶפְרָ֔תָה וּקְרָא־שֵׁ֖ם בְּבֵ֥ית לָֽחֶם׃", "text": "*wa-yōʾmərû* all-the-*ʿām* who-in-the-*šaʿar* and-the-*zəqēnîm* *ʿēdîm* *yittēn* *YHWH* *ʾet*-the-*ʾiššâ* the-*bāʾâ* to-*bêtekā* like-*Rāḥēl* and-like-*Lēʾâ* who *bānû* both-of-them *ʾet*-*bêt* *Yiśrāʾēl* *wa-ʿăśēh*-*ḥayil* in-*ʾEprātâ* *ûqərā*-*šēm* in-*Bêt* *Lāḥem*", "grammar": { "*wa-yōʾmərû*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they said", "*ʿām*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the people", "*šaʿar*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article with preposition - in the gate", "*zəqēnîm*": "noun, masculine plural with definite article - the elders", "*ʿēdîm*": "noun, masculine plural - witnesses", "*yittēn*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular jussive - may he give", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - Yahweh/the LORD", "*ʾiššâ*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article with direct object marker - the woman", "*bāʾâ*": "Qal participle, feminine singular with definite article - the one coming", "*bêtekā*": "noun, masculine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix with preposition - to your house", "*Rāḥēl*": "proper noun with preposition of comparison - like Rachel", "*Lēʾâ*": "proper noun with preposition of comparison - like Leah", "*bānû*": "Qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they built", "*bêt*": "noun, masculine singular construct with direct object marker - house of", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*wa-ʿăśēh*": "conjunction + Qal imperative, masculine singular - and do/make", "*ḥayil*": "noun, masculine singular - strength/wealth/power", "*ʾEprātâ*": "proper noun with preposition - in Ephrathah", "*ûqərā*": "conjunction + Qal imperative, masculine singular - and call/proclaim", "*šēm*": "noun, masculine singular - name", "*Bêt* *Lāḥem*": "proper noun with preposition - in Bethlehem" }, "variants": { "*ʿăśēh*-*ḥayil*": "do worthily/achieve wealth/gain power/be prosperous", "*bāʾâ*": "coming/entering/going", "*qərā*-*šēm*": "call a name/become famous/gain renown" } }

{ "verseID": "Ruth.4.12", "source": "וִיהִ֤י בֵֽיתְךָ֙ כְּבֵ֣ית פֶּ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁר־יָלְדָ֥ה תָמָ֖ר לִֽיהוּדָ֑ה מִן־הַזֶּ֗רַע אֲשֶׁ֨ר יִתֵּ֤ן יְהוָה֙ לְךָ֔ מִן־הַֽנַּעֲרָ֖ה הַזֹּֽאת׃", "text": "*wîhî* *bêtəkā* like-*bêt* *Pereṣ* whom-*yāldâ* *Tāmār* to-*Yəhûdâ* from-the-*zeraʿ* which *yittēn* *YHWH* to-you from-the-*naʿărâ* the-*zōʾt*", "grammar": { "*wîhî*": "conjunction + Qal jussive, 3rd masculine singular - and may it be", "*bêtəkā*": "noun, masculine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your house", "*bêt*": "noun, masculine singular construct with preposition of comparison - like house of", "*Pereṣ*": "proper noun - Perez", "*yāldâ*": "Qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - she bore", "*Tāmār*": "proper noun - Tamar", "*Yəhûdâ*": "proper noun with preposition - to Judah", "*zeraʿ*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article with preposition - from the seed/offspring", "*yittēn*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he will give", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - Yahweh/the LORD", "*naʿărâ*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article with preposition - from the young woman", "*zōʾt*": "demonstrative pronoun, feminine singular - this" }, "variants": { "*zeraʿ*": "seed/offspring/descendants", "*naʿărâ*": "young woman/maiden/girl" } }

{ "verseID": "Ruth.4.13", "source": "וַיִּקַּ֨ח בֹּ֤עַז אֶת־רוּת֙ וַתְּהִי־ל֣וֹ לְאִשָּׁ֔ה וַיָּבֹ֖א אֵלֶ֑יהָ וַיִּתֵּ֨ן יְהוָ֥ה לָ֛הּ הֵרָי֖וֹן וַתֵּ֥לֶד בֵּֽן׃", "text": "*wa-yiqqaḥ* *Bōʿaz* *ʾet*-*Rût* *wa-təhî*-to-him for-*ʾiššâ* *wa-yābōʾ* to-her *wa-yittēn* *YHWH* to-her *hērāyôn* *wa-tēled* *bēn*", "grammar": { "*wa-yiqqaḥ*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he took", "*Bōʿaz*": "proper noun - Boaz", "*Rût*": "proper noun with direct object marker - Ruth", "*wa-təhî*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and she became", "*ʾiššâ*": "noun, feminine singular with preposition - for a wife", "*wa-yābōʾ*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he went in", "*wa-yittēn*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he gave", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - Yahweh/the LORD", "*hērāyôn*": "noun, masculine singular - conception/pregnancy", "*wa-tēled*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and she bore", "*bēn*": "noun, masculine singular - a son" }, "variants": { "*yiqqaḥ*": "took/married/received", "*təhî*": "became/was", "*yābōʾ* to-her": "he went in to her/he had relations with her", "*hērāyôn*": "conception/pregnancy" } }

{ "verseID": "Ruth.4.14", "source": "וַתֹּאמַ֤רְנָה הַנָּשִׁים֙ אֶֽל־נָעֳמִ֔י בָּר֣וּךְ יְהוָ֔ה אֲ֠שֶׁר לֹ֣א הִשְׁבִּ֥ית לָ֛ךְ גֹּאֵ֖ל הַיּ֑וֹם וְיִקָּרֵ֥א שְׁמ֖וֹ בְּיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃", "text": "*wa-tōʾmarnâ* the-*nāšîm* to-*Noʿŏmî* *bārûk* *YHWH* who not *hišbît* to-you *gōʾēl* the-*yôm* *wə-yiqqārēʾ* *šəmô* in-*Yiśrāʾēl*", "grammar": { "*wa-tōʾmarnâ*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd feminine plural - and they said", "*nāšîm*": "noun, feminine plural with definite article - the women", "*Noʿŏmî*": "proper noun with preposition - to Naomi", "*bārûk*": "Qal passive participle, masculine singular - blessed", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - Yahweh/the LORD", "*hišbît*": "Hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he caused to cease", "*gōʾēl*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - a kinsman-redeemer", "*yôm*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the day", "*wə-yiqqārēʾ*": "conjunction + Niphal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular jussive - and may be called", "*šəmô*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his name", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun with preposition - in Israel" }, "variants": { "*bārûk*": "blessed/praised", "*hišbît*": "caused to cease/left without/removed", "*gōʾēl*": "kinsman-redeemer/family guardian/protector", "*yiqqārēʾ* *šəmô*": "may his name be called/may he become known" } }

{ "verseID": "Ruth.4.15", "source": "וְהָ֤יָה לָךְ֙ לְמֵשִׁ֣יב נֶ֔פֶשׁ וּלְכַלְכֵּ֖ל אֶת־שֵׂיבָתֵ֑ךְ כִּ֣י כַלָּתֵ֤ךְ אֲ‍ֽשֶׁר־אֲהֵבַ֙תֶךְ֙ יְלָדַ֔תּוּ אֲשֶׁר־הִיא֙ ט֣וֹבָה לָ֔ךְ מִשִּׁבְעָ֖ה בָּנִֽים׃", "text": "*wə-hāyâ* to-you for-*mēšîb* *nepeš* and-for-*kalkel* *ʾet*-*śêbātēk* because *kallātek* who-*ʾăhēbāttek* *yəlādattû* who-she *ṭôbâ* to-you from-seven *bānîm*", "grammar": { "*wə-hāyâ*": "conjunction + Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he will be", "*mēšîb*": "Hiphil participle, masculine singular with preposition - restorer of", "*nepeš*": "noun, feminine singular - life", "*kalkel*": "Pilpel infinitive construct with preposition - to sustain", "*śêbātēk*": "noun, feminine singular + 2nd feminine singular suffix with direct object marker - your old age", "*kallātek*": "noun, feminine singular + 2nd feminine singular suffix - your daughter-in-law", "*ʾăhēbāttek*": "Qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular + 2nd feminine singular suffix - she loves you", "*yəlādattû*": "Qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - she has borne him", "*ṭôbâ*": "adjective, feminine singular - good", "*bānîm*": "noun, masculine plural - sons" }, "variants": { "*mēšîb* *nepeš*": "restorer of life/refresher of soul/renewer of spirit", "*kalkel*": "to sustain/to support/to nourish", "*śêbātēk*": "your old age/your gray hairs", "*ṭôbâ*": "good/better/more valuable" } }

{ "verseID": "Ruth.4.16", "source": "וַתִּקַּ֨ח נָעֳמִ֤י אֶת־הַיֶּ֙לֶד֙ וַתְּשִׁתֵ֣הוּ בְחֵיקָ֔הּ וַתְּהִי־ל֖וֹ לְאֹמֶֽנֶת׃", "text": "*wa-tiqqaḥ* *Noʿŏmî* *ʾet*-the-*yeled* *wa-təšîtēhû* in-*ḥêqāh* *wa-təhî*-to-him for-*ʾōmenet*", "grammar": { "*wa-tiqqaḥ*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and she took", "*Noʿŏmî*": "proper noun - Naomi", "*yeled*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article with direct object marker - the child", "*wa-təšîtēhû*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - and she placed him", "*ḥêqāh*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd feminine singular suffix with preposition - in her bosom", "*wa-təhî*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and she became", "*ʾōmenet*": "Qal participle, feminine singular with preposition - for a nurse" }, "variants": { "*yeled*": "child/boy/infant", "*ḥêqāh*": "her bosom/her lap/her embrace", "*ʾōmenet*": "nurse/caretaker/guardian" } }

{ "verseID": "Ruth.4.17", "source": "וַתִּקְרֶאנָה֩ ל֨וֹ הַשְּׁכֵנ֥וֹת שֵׁם֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר יֻלַּד־בֵּ֖ן לְנָעֳמִ֑י וַתִּקְרֶ֤אנָֽה שְׁמוֹ֙ עוֹבֵ֔ד ה֥וּא אֲבִי־יִשַׁ֖י אֲבִ֥י דָוִֽד׃ פ", "text": "*wa-tiqreʾnâ* to-him the-*šəkēnôt* *šēm* *lēʾmōr* *yullad*-*bēn* to-*Noʿŏmî* *wa-tiqreʾnâ* *šəmô* *ʿÔbēd* he *ʾăbî*-*Yišay* *ʾăbî* *Dāwid*", "grammar": { "*wa-tiqreʾnâ*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd feminine plural - and they called", "*šəkēnôt*": "noun, feminine plural with definite article - the neighbors", "*šēm*": "noun, masculine singular - a name", "*lēʾmōr*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - saying", "*yullad*": "Pual perfect, 3rd masculine singular - is born", "*bēn*": "noun, masculine singular - a son", "*Noʿŏmî*": "proper noun with preposition - to Naomi", "*šəmô*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his name", "*ʿÔbēd*": "proper noun - Obed", "*ʾăbî*": "noun, masculine singular construct - father of", "*Yišay*": "proper noun - Jesse", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun - David" }, "variants": { "*šəkēnôt*": "neighbors/women nearby/female neighbors", "*šēm*": "name/title/designation", "*ʿÔbēd*": "Obed [meaning 'serving/worker']" } }

{ "verseID": "Ruth.4.18", "source": "וְאֵ֙לֶּה֙ תּוֹלְד֣וֹת פָּ֔רֶץ פֶּ֖רֶץ הוֹלִ֥יד אֶת־חֶצְרֽוֹן׃", "text": "*wə-ʾēlleh* *tôlədôt* *Pāreṣ* *Pereṣ* *hôlîd* *ʾet*-*Ḥeṣrôn*", "grammar": { "*wə-ʾēlleh*": "conjunction + demonstrative pronoun, masculine plural - and these", "*tôlədôt*": "noun, feminine plural construct - generations of", "*Pāreṣ*": "proper noun - Perez", "*Pereṣ*": "proper noun - Perez", "*hôlîd*": "Hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - begot", "*Ḥeṣrôn*": "proper noun with direct object marker - Hezron" }, "variants": { "*tôlədôt*": "generations/descendants/genealogy" } }

{ "verseID": "Ruth.4.19", "source": "וְחֶצְרוֹן֙ הוֹלִ֣יד אֶת־רָ֔ם וְרָ֖ם הוֹלִ֥יד אֶת־עַמִּֽינָדָֽב׃", "text": "*wə-Ḥeṣrôn* *hôlîd* *ʾet*-*Rām* *wə-Rām* *hôlîd* *ʾet*-*ʿAmmînādāb*", "grammar": { "*wə-Ḥeṣrôn*": "conjunction + proper noun - and Hezron", "*hôlîd*": "Hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - begot", "*Rām*": "proper noun with direct object marker - Ram", "*wə-Rām*": "conjunction + proper noun - and Ram", "*ʿAmmînādāb*": "proper noun with direct object marker - Amminadab" }, "variants": { "*hôlîd*": "begot/fathered/became the father of" } }

{ "verseID": "Ruth.4.20", "source": "וְעַמִּֽינָדָב֙ הוֹלִ֣יד אֶת־נַחְשׁ֔וֹן וְנַחְשׁ֖וֹן הוֹלִ֥יד אֶת־שַׂלְמָֽה׃", "text": "*wə-ʿAmmînādāb* *hôlîd* *ʾet*-*Naḥšôn* *wə-Naḥšôn* *hôlîd* *ʾet*-*Śalmâ*", "grammar": { "*wə-ʿAmmînādāb*": "conjunction + proper noun - and Amminadab", "*hôlîd*": "Hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - begot", "*Naḥšôn*": "proper noun with direct object marker - Nahshon", "*wə-Naḥšôn*": "conjunction + proper noun - and Nahshon", "*Śalmâ*": "proper noun with direct object marker - Salmon/Salma" }, "variants": { "*hôlîd*": "begot/fathered/became the father of" } }

{ "verseID": "Ruth.4.21", "source": "וְשַׂלְמוֹן֙ הוֹלִ֣יד אֶת־בֹּ֔עַז וּבֹ֖עַז הוֹלִ֥יד אֶת־עוֹבֵֽד׃", "text": "*wə-Śalmôn* *hôlîd* *ʾet*-*Bōʿaz* *û-Bōʿaz* *hôlîd* *ʾet*-*ʿÔbēd*", "grammar": { "*wə-Śalmôn*": "conjunction + proper noun - and Salmon", "*hôlîd*": "Hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - begot", "*Bōʿaz*": "proper noun with direct object marker - Boaz", "*û-Bōʿaz*": "conjunction + proper noun - and Boaz", "*ʿÔbēd*": "proper noun with direct object marker - Obed" }, "variants": { "*hôlîd*": "begot/fathered/became the father of" } }

{ "verseID": "Ruth.4.22", "source": "וְעֹבֵד֙ הוֹלִ֣יד אֶת־יִשָׁ֔י וְיִשַׁ֖י הוֹלִ֥יד אֶת־דָּוִֽד׃", "text": "*wə-ʿÔbēd* *hôlîd* *ʾet*-*Yišay* *wə-Yišay* *hôlîd* *ʾet*-*Dāwid*", "grammar": { "*wə-ʿÔbēd*": "conjunction + proper noun - and Obed", "*hôlîd*": "Hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - begot", "*Yišay*": "proper noun with direct object marker - Jesse", "*wə-Yišay*": "conjunction + proper noun - and Jesse", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun with direct object marker - David" }, "variants": { "*hôlîd*": "begot/fathered/became the father of" } }