2 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.29.2",
"source": "וְסַרְנֵ֤י פְלִשְׁתִּים֙ עֹֽבְרִ֔ים לְמֵא֖וֹת וְלַאֲלָפִ֑ים וְדָוִ֣ד וַאֲנָשָׁ֗יו עֹֽבְרִ֛ים בָּאַחֲרֹנָ֖ה עִם־אָכִֽישׁ׃",
"text": "And *sarnê* *pᵊlištîm* *ʿōḇᵊrîm* in-*mēʾôt* and-in-*ʾălāpîm* and *dāwid* and-*ʾănāšāyw* *ʿōḇᵊrîm* in-the-*ʾaḥărōnāh* with-*ʾāḵîš*.",
"grammar": {
"*sarnê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - lords/rulers of",
"*pᵊlištîm*": "proper noun, plural - Philistines",
"*ʿōḇᵊrîm*": "participle, masculine plural - passing/marching",
"*mēʾôt*": "noun, feminine plural - hundreds",
"*ʾălāpîm*": "noun, masculine plural - thousands",
"*dāwid*": "proper noun - David",
"*ʾănāšāyw*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his men",
"*ʾaḥărōnāh*": "adjective, feminine singular with definite article - the rear/last",
"*ʾāḵîš*": "proper noun - Achish"
},
"variants": {
"*sarnê*": "lords/rulers/tyrants (Philistine term for leaders)",
"*ʿōḇᵊrîm*": "passing by/marching/proceeding",
"*ʾaḥărōnāh*": "rear/last part/back"
}
}
3 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.29.3",
"source": "וַיֹּֽאמְרוּ֙ שָׂרֵ֣י פְלִשְׁתִּ֔ים מָ֖ה הָעִבְרִ֣ים הָאֵ֑לֶּה וַיֹּ֨אמֶר אָכִ֜ישׁ אֶל־שָׂרֵ֣י פְלִשְׁתִּ֗ים הֲלֽוֹא־זֶ֨ה דָוִ֜ד עֶ֣בֶד ׀ שָׁא֣וּל מֶֽלֶךְ־יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל אֲשֶׁ֨ר הָיָ֤ה אִתִּי֙ זֶ֤ה יָמִים֙ אוֹ־זֶ֣ה שָׁנִ֔ים וְלֹֽא־מָצָ֤אתִי בוֹ֙ מְא֔וּמָה מִיּ֥וֹם נָפְל֖וֹ עַד־הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃ פ",
"text": "And *wayyōʾmᵊrû* *śārê* *pᵊlištîm* what *hāʿiḇrîm* *hāʾēlleh* and *wayyōʾmer* *ʾāḵîš* to-*śārê* *pᵊlištîm* is-not-this *dāwid* *ʿeḇed* *šāʾûl* *meleḵ*-*yiśrāʾēl* who *hāyāh* with-me this *yāmîm* or-this *šānîm* and-not-*māṣāʾtî* in-him *mᵊʾûmāh* from-day *nāplô* until-the-day *hazzeh*.",
"grammar": {
"*wayyōʾmᵊrû*": "waw-consecutive + imperfect, 3rd plural - and they said",
"*śārê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - chiefs/commanders of",
"*pᵊlištîm*": "proper noun, plural - Philistines",
"*hāʿiḇrîm*": "definite article + noun, masculine plural - the Hebrews",
"*hāʾēlleh*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun, plural - these",
"*wayyōʾmer*": "waw-consecutive + imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said",
"*ʾāḵîš*": "proper noun - Achish",
"*ʿeḇed*": "noun, masculine singular construct - servant of",
"*šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul",
"*meleḵ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - king of",
"*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*hāyāh*": "perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he was/has been",
"*yāmîm*": "noun, masculine plural - days",
"*šānîm*": "noun, feminine plural - years",
"*māṣāʾtî*": "perfect, 1st singular - I found/discovered",
"*mᵊʾûmāh*": "noun, masculine singular - anything/fault",
"*nāplô*": "infinitive construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his falling/deserting",
"*hazzeh*": "definite article + demonstrative, masculine singular - this"
},
"variants": {
"*śārê*": "chiefs/captains/commanders",
"*hāʿiḇrîm*": "the Hebrews (possibly derogatory)",
"*ʿeḇed*": "servant/slave/subject",
"*nāplô*": "his falling away/deserting/defecting"
}
}
4 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.29.4",
"source": "וַיִּקְצְפ֨וּ עָלָ֜יו שָׂרֵ֣י פְלִשְׁתִּ֗ים וַיֹּ֣אמְרוּ לוֹ֩ שָׂרֵ֨י פְלִשְׁתִּ֜ים הָשֵׁ֣ב אֶת־הָאִ֗ישׁ וְיָשֹׁב֙ אֶל־מְקוֹמוֹ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הִפְקַדְתּ֣וֹ שָׁ֔ם וְלֹֽא־יֵרֵ֤ד עִמָּ֙נוּ֙ בַּמִּלְחָמָ֔ה וְלֹא־יִֽהְיֶה־לָּ֥נוּ לְשָׂטָ֖ן בַּמִּלְחָמָ֑ה וּבַמֶּ֗ה יִתְרַצֶּ֥ה זֶה֙ אֶל־אֲדֹנָ֔יו הֲל֕וֹא בְּרָאשֵׁ֖י הָאֲנָשִׁ֥ים הָהֵֽם׃",
"text": "And *wayyiqṣᵊpû* upon-him *śārê* *pᵊlištîm* and *wayyōʾmᵊrû* to-him *śārê* *pᵊlištîm* *hāšēḇ* *ʾet*-the-*ʾîš* and *yāšōḇ* to-*mᵊqômô* which *hipqadtô* there and-not-*yērēd* with-us in-the-*milḥāmāh* and-not-*yihyeh*-to-us for-*śāṭān* in-the-*milḥāmāh* and-with-what *yitraṣṣeh* this to-*ʾădōnāyw* is-it-not with-*rāʾšê* the-*ʾănāšîm* *hāhēm*.",
"grammar": {
"*wayyiqṣᵊpû*": "waw-consecutive + imperfect, 3rd plural - and they became angry",
"*śārê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - chiefs/commanders of",
"*pᵊlištîm*": "proper noun, plural - Philistines",
"*wayyōʾmᵊrû*": "waw-consecutive + imperfect, 3rd plural - and they said",
"*hāšēḇ*": "imperative, masculine singular - return/send back",
"*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - man",
"*yāšōḇ*": "imperfect, 3rd masculine singular jussive - let him return",
"*mᵊqômô*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his place",
"*hipqadtô*": "perfect, 2nd masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - you appointed him",
"*yērēd*": "imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he will go down",
"*milḥāmāh*": "noun, feminine singular - battle/war",
"*yihyeh*": "imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he will be",
"*śāṭān*": "noun, masculine singular - adversary/opponent",
"*yitraṣṣeh*": "imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, Hitpael - he will reconcile himself",
"*ʾădōnāyw*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his lords/master",
"*rāʾšê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - heads of",
"*ʾănāšîm*": "noun, masculine plural - men",
"*hāhēm*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun, masculine plural - those"
},
"variants": {
"*wayyiqṣᵊpû*": "became angry/wrathful/furious",
"*hipqadtô*": "you appointed/assigned/stationed him",
"*śāṭān*": "adversary/opponent/enemy",
"*yitraṣṣeh*": "reconcile himself/make himself acceptable/find favor",
"*rāʾšê*": "heads/lives (referring to the heads of men as trophies)"
}
}
5 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.29.5",
"source": "הֲלוֹא־זֶ֣ה דָוִ֔ד אֲשֶׁ֧ר יַעֲנוּ־ל֛וֹ בַּמְּחֹל֖וֹת לֵאמֹ֑ר הִכָּ֤ה שָׁאוּל֙ בַּֽאֲלָפָ֔יו וְדָוִ֖ד בְּרִבְבֹתָֽיו׃ ס",
"text": "Is-not-this *dāwid* who *yaʿănû*-to-him in-the-*mᵊḥōlôt* *lēʾmōr* *hikkāh* *šāʾûl* in-his-*ʾălāpāyw* and-*dāwid* in-his-*riḇḇōtāyw*.",
"grammar": {
"*dāwid*": "proper noun - David",
"*yaʿănû*": "imperfect, 3rd plural - they sang (in antiphonal response)",
"*mᵊḥōlôt*": "noun, feminine plural - dances",
"*lēʾmōr*": "preposition + infinitive construct - saying",
"*hikkāh*": "perfect, 3rd masculine singular, Hiphil - he struck/slew",
"*šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul",
"*ʾălāpāyw*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his thousands",
"*riḇḇōtāyw*": "noun, feminine plural with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his ten thousands"
},
"variants": {
"*yaʿănû*": "they sang/responded/answered",
"*mᵊḥōlôt*": "dances/dancing celebrations",
"*hikkāh*": "struck/slew/defeated"
}
}
6 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.29.6",
"source": "וַיִּקְרָ֨א אָכִ֜ישׁ אֶל־דָּוִ֗ד וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵ֠לָיו חַי־יְהוָ֞ה כִּי־יָשָׁ֣ר אַתָּ֗ה וְט֣וֹב בְּ֠עֵינַי צֵאתְךָ֨ וּבֹאֲךָ֤ אִתִּי֙ בַּֽמַּחֲנֶ֔ה כִּ֠י לֹֽא־מָצָ֤אתִֽי בְךָ֙ רָעָ֔ה מִיּ֛וֹם בֹּאֲךָ֥ אֵלַ֖י עַד־הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֑ה וּבְעֵינֵ֥י הַסְּרָנִ֖ים לֹֽא־ט֥וֹב אָֽתָּה׃",
"text": "And *wayyiqrāʾ* *ʾāḵîš* to-*dāwid* and *wayyōʾmer* to-him *ḥay*-*YHWH* for-*yāšār* you and-*ṭôḇ* in-my-*ʿênay* your-*ṣēʾtᵊḵā* and-your-*bōʾăḵā* with-me in-the-*maḥăneh* for not-*māṣāʾtî* in-you *rāʿāh* from-day your-*bōʾăḵā* to-me until-the-day *hazzeh* and-in-*ʿênê* the-*sᵊrānîm* not-*ṭôḇ* you.",
"grammar": {
"*wayyiqrāʾ*": "waw-consecutive + imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he called",
"*ʾāḵîš*": "proper noun - Achish",
"*dāwid*": "proper noun - David",
"*wayyōʾmer*": "waw-consecutive + imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said",
"*ḥay*": "adjective, masculine singular construct - living/as lives",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD",
"*yāšār*": "adjective, masculine singular - upright/honest",
"*ṭôḇ*": "adjective, masculine singular - good",
"*ʿênay*": "noun, dual construct with 1st person singular suffix - my eyes",
"*ṣēʾtᵊḵā*": "infinitive construct with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your going out",
"*bōʾăḵā*": "infinitive construct with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your coming in",
"*maḥăneh*": "noun, masculine singular - camp/army",
"*māṣāʾtî*": "perfect, 1st singular - I found",
"*rāʿāh*": "noun, feminine singular - evil/wickedness",
"*hazzeh*": "definite article + demonstrative, masculine singular - this",
"*ʿênê*": "noun, dual construct - eyes of",
"*sᵊrānîm*": "noun, masculine plural - lords/rulers",
"*ṭôḇ*": "adjective, masculine singular - good"
},
"variants": {
"*ḥay*": "as lives/by the life of (oath formula)",
"*yāšār*": "upright/honest/righteous",
"*ṣēʾtᵊḵā* and *bōʾăḵā*": "your going out and coming in (idiom for all activities)",
"*rāʿāh*": "evil/wickedness/wrongdoing",
"*sᵊrānîm*": "lords/rulers/tyrants (Philistine term for leaders)"
}
}
7 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.29.7",
"source": "וְעַתָּ֥ה שׁ֖וּב וְלֵ֣ךְ בְּשָׁל֑וֹם וְלֹֽא־תַעֲשֶׂ֣ה רָ֔ע בְּעֵינֵ֖י סַרְנֵ֥י פְלִשְׁתִּֽים׃ ס",
"text": "And-now *šûḇ* and-*lēḵ* in-*šālôm* and-not-*taʿăśeh* *rāʿ* in-*ʿênê* *sarnê* *pᵊlištîm*.",
"grammar": {
"*šûḇ*": "imperative, masculine singular - return",
"*lēḵ*": "imperative, masculine singular - go",
"*šālôm*": "noun, masculine singular - peace",
"*taʿăśeh*": "imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you will do",
"*rāʿ*": "noun, masculine singular - evil/displeasure",
"*ʿênê*": "noun, dual construct - eyes of",
"*sarnê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - lords of",
"*pᵊlištîm*": "proper noun, plural - Philistines"
},
"variants": {
"*šālôm*": "peace/well-being/safety",
"*rāʿ*": "evil/displeasure/wrong",
"*sarnê*": "lords/rulers/tyrants (Philistine term for leaders)"
}
}