1 {
"verseID": "Esther.3.1",
"source": "אַחַ֣ר ׀ הַדְּבָרִ֣ים הָאֵ֗לֶּה גִּדַּל֩ הַמֶּ֨לֶךְ אֲחַשְׁוֵר֜וֹשׁ אֶת־הָמָ֧ן בֶּֽן־הַמְּדָ֛תָא הָאֲגָגִ֖י וַֽיְנַשְּׂאֵ֑הוּ וַיָּ֙שֶׂם֙ אֶת־כִּסְא֔וֹ מֵעַ֕ל כָּל־הַשָּׂרִ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר אִתּֽוֹ׃",
"text": "After *hadəḇārîm* the-these *giddal* the-*melek* *ʾaḥašwērôš* ʾet-*hāmān* *ben*-*hammədāṯāʾ* the-*ʾăḡāḡî* *wayənasśēʾēhû* and-*yayyāśem* ʾet-*kisəʾô* from-above all-the-*śārîm* who with-him.",
"grammar": {
"*hadəḇārîm*": "definite noun, masculine plural - the things/matters/events",
"*giddal*": "Piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - magnified/promoted",
"*melek*": "noun, masculine singular - king",
"*ʾaḥašwērôš*": "proper name - Ahasuerus/Xerxes",
"*hāmān*": "proper name - Haman",
"*ben*": "noun, masculine singular construct - son of",
"*hammədāṯāʾ*": "proper name with definite article - Hammedatha",
"*ʾăḡāḡî*": "gentilic adjective - Agagite",
"*wayənasśēʾēhû*": "Piel imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - and he exalted him",
"*yayyāśem*": "Qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - and he placed/set",
"*kisəʾô*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his throne/seat",
"*śārîm*": "noun, masculine plural - officials/princes"
},
"variants": {
"*hadəḇārîm*": "words/matters/events/affairs",
"*giddal*": "promoted/magnified/made great",
"*ʾăḡāḡî*": "Agagite (descendant of Agag/title of Amalekite kings)",
"*wayənasśēʾēhû*": "elevated him/exalted him/lifted him up",
"*kisəʾô*": "his throne/seat/position of authority"
}
}
2 {
"verseID": "Esther.3.2",
"source": "וְכָל־עַבְדֵ֨י הַמֶּ֜לֶךְ אֲשֶׁר־בְּשַׁ֣עַר הַמֶּ֗לֶךְ כֹּרְעִ֤ים וּמִֽשְׁתַּחֲוִים֙ לְהָמָ֔ן כִּי־כֵ֖ן צִוָּה־ל֣וֹ הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ וּמָ֨רְדֳּכַ֔י לֹ֥א יִכְרַ֖ע וְלֹ֥א יִֽשְׁתַּחֲוֶֽה׃",
"text": "And-all-*ʿaḇdê* the-*melek* who-in-*šaʿar* the-*melek* *kōrəʿîm* and-*mištaḥăwîm* to-*hāmān* for-thus *ṣiwwâ*-to-him the-*melek* and-*mordŏkay* not *yikraʿ* and-not *yištaḥăweh*.",
"grammar": {
"*ʿaḇdê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - servants of",
"*melek*": "noun, masculine singular - king",
"*šaʿar*": "noun, masculine singular - gate",
"*kōrəʿîm*": "Qal participle, masculine plural - bowing/bending the knee",
"*mištaḥăwîm*": "Hishtaphel participle, masculine plural - prostrating themselves/worshipping",
"*hāmān*": "proper name - Haman",
"*ṣiwwâ*": "Piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - commanded/ordered",
"*mordŏkay*": "proper name - Mordecai",
"*yikraʿ*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - would bow/bend knee",
"*yištaḥăweh*": "Hishtaphel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - would prostrate himself/worship"
},
"variants": {
"*ʿaḇdê*": "servants/officials/slaves",
"*šaʿar*": "gate/entrance/court (as place of official business)",
"*kōrəʿîm*": "bowing/kneeling/bending knee",
"*mištaḥăwîm*": "prostrating/worshipping/paying homage",
"*ṣiwwâ*": "commanded/ordered/decreed"
}
}
3 {
"verseID": "Esther.3.3",
"source": "וַיֹּ֨אמְר֜וּ עַבְדֵ֥י הַמֶּ֛לֶךְ אֲשֶׁר־בְּשַׁ֥עַר הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ לְמָרְדֳּכָ֑י מַדּ֙וּעַ֙ אַתָּ֣ה עוֹבֵ֔ר אֵ֖ת מִצְוַ֥ת הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃",
"text": "And-*yōʾmərû* *ʿaḇdê* the-*melek* who-in-*šaʿar* the-*melek* to-*mordŏkay* *maddûaʿ* you *ʿôḇēr* ʾet *miṣwat* the-*melek*.",
"grammar": {
"*yōʾmərû*": "Qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine plural - and they said",
"*ʿaḇdê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - servants of",
"*melek*": "noun, masculine singular - king",
"*šaʿar*": "noun, masculine singular - gate",
"*mordŏkay*": "proper name - Mordecai",
"*maddûaʿ*": "interrogative adverb - why",
"*ʿôḇēr*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - transgressing/violating",
"*miṣwat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - command of"
},
"variants": {
"*yōʾmərû*": "said/spoke/told",
"*ʿaḇdê*": "servants/officials/slaves",
"*šaʿar*": "gate/entrance/court",
"*maddûaʿ*": "why/for what reason",
"*ʿôḇēr*": "transgressing/violating/disobeying/passing over",
"*miṣwat*": "command/order/decree"
}
}
4 {
"verseID": "Esther.3.4",
"source": "וַיְהִ֗י *באמרם **כְּאָמְרָ֤ם אֵלָיו֙ י֣וֹם וָי֔וֹם וְלֹ֥א שָׁמַ֖ע אֲלֵיהֶ֑ם וַיַּגִּ֣ידוּ לְהָמָ֗ן לִרְאוֹת֙ הֲיַֽעַמְדוּ֙ דִּבְרֵ֣י מָרְדֳּכַ֔י כִּֽי־הִגִּ֥יד לָהֶ֖ם אֲשֶׁר־ה֥וּא יְהוּדִֽי׃",
"text": "And-*wayəhî* *kəʾomrām* to-him *yôm* and-*yôm* and-not *šāmaʿ* to-them and-*wayyaggîdû* to-*hāmān* to-*rəʾôt* ?-*yaʿamdû* *diḇrê* *mordŏkay* for-*higgîd* to-them that-he *yəhûdî*.",
"grammar": {
"*wayəhî*": "Qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - and it was/happened",
"*kəʾomrām*": "preposition with Qal infinitive construct, 3rd masculine plural suffix - when they spoke",
"*yôm*": "noun, masculine singular - day",
"*šāmaʿ*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he listened/heeded",
"*wayyaggîdû*": "Hiphil imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine plural - and they told",
"*rəʾôt*": "Qal infinitive construct - to see",
"*yaʿamdû*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they would stand",
"*diḇrê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - words of",
"*mordŏkay*": "proper name - Mordecai",
"*higgîd*": "Hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he told/declared",
"*yəhûdî*": "gentilic adjective, masculine singular - Jewish/Jew"
},
"variants": {
"*wayəhî*": "and it was/happened/came to pass",
"*kəʾomrām*": "when they spoke/said/told",
"*šāmaʿ*": "listened/heeded/obeyed",
"*wayyaggîdû*": "told/reported/informed",
"*rəʾôt*": "to see/observe/find out",
"*yaʿamdû*": "would stand/remain/be confirmed",
"*diḇrê*": "words/matters/affairs",
"*higgîd*": "told/declared/informed"
}
}
5 {
"verseID": "Esther.3.5",
"source": "וַיַּ֣רְא הָמָ֔ן כִּי־אֵ֣ין מָרְדֳּכַ֔י כֹּרֵ֥עַ וּמִֽשְׁתַּחֲוֶ֖ה ל֑וֹ וַיִּמָּלֵ֥א הָמָ֖ן חֵמָֽה׃",
"text": "And-*wayyarə* *hāmān* that-no *mordŏkay* *kōrēaʿ* and-*mištaḥăweh* to-him and-*wayyimmālē* *hāmān* *ḥēmâ*.",
"grammar": {
"*wayyarə*": "Qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - and he saw",
"*hāmān*": "proper name - Haman",
"*mordŏkay*": "proper name - Mordecai",
"*kōrēaʿ*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - bowing/bending knee",
"*mištaḥăweh*": "Hishtaphel participle, masculine singular - prostrating himself/worshipping",
"*wayyimmālē*": "Niphal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - and he was filled",
"*ḥēmâ*": "noun, feminine singular - wrath/rage"
},
"variants": {
"*wayyarə*": "saw/observed/noticed",
"*kōrēaʿ*": "bowing/kneeling/bending knee",
"*mištaḥăweh*": "prostrating/worshipping/paying homage",
"*wayyimmālē*": "was filled/became full",
"*ḥēmâ*": "rage/wrath/fury/anger"
}
}
6 {
"verseID": "Esther.3.6",
"source": "וַיִּ֣בֶז בְּעֵינָ֗יו לִשְׁלֹ֤ח יָד֙ בְּמָרְדֳּכַ֣י לְבַדּ֔וֹ כִּֽי־הִגִּ֥ידוּ ל֖וֹ אֶת־עַ֣ם מָרְדֳּכָ֑י וַיְבַקֵּ֣שׁ הָמָ֗ן לְהַשְׁמִ֧יד אֶת־כָּל־הַיְּהוּדִ֛ים אֲשֶׁ֛ר בְּכָל־מַלְכ֥וּת אֲחַשְׁוֵר֖וֹשׁ עַ֥ם מָרְדֳּכָֽי׃",
"text": "And-*wayyiḇez* in-*ʿênāyw* to-*šəlōaḥ* *yād* against-*mordŏkay* to-*ləḇaddô* for-*higgîdû* to-him ʾet-*ʿam* *mordŏkay* and-*wayəḇaqqēš* *hāmān* to-*hašmîd* ʾet-all-the-*yəhûdîm* who in-all-*malkût* *ʾaḥašwērôš* *ʿam* *mordŏkay*.",
"grammar": {
"*wayyiḇez*": "Qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - and he disdained/despised",
"*ʿênāyw*": "noun, feminine dual with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his eyes",
"*šəlōaḥ*": "Qal infinitive construct - to send/extend",
"*yād*": "noun, feminine singular - hand",
"*mordŏkay*": "proper name - Mordecai",
"*ləḇaddô*": "preposition with noun and 3rd masculine singular suffix - by himself/alone",
"*higgîdû*": "Hiphil perfect, 3rd common plural - they told/informed",
"*ʿam*": "noun, masculine singular - people",
"*wayəḇaqqēš*": "Piel imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - and he sought",
"*hāmān*": "proper name - Haman",
"*hašmîd*": "Hiphil infinitive construct - to destroy/annihilate",
"*yəhûdîm*": "gentilic adjective, masculine plural - Jews",
"*malkût*": "noun, feminine singular construct - kingdom of"
},
"variants": {
"*wayyiḇez*": "disdained/despised/considered contemptible",
"*šəlōaḥ*": "to send/extend/stretch out",
"*yād*": "hand/power/violence",
"*ləḇaddô*": "alone/by himself/only",
"*higgîdû*": "told/informed/reported",
"*ʿam*": "people/nation/ethnic group",
"*wayəḇaqqēš*": "sought/tried/attempted",
"*hašmîd*": "to destroy/exterminate/annihilate",
"*malkût*": "kingdom/reign/royal power"
}
}