8 {
"verseID": "Ezra.4.8",
"source": "רְח֣וּם בְּעֵל־טְעֵ֗ם וְשִׁמְשַׁי֙ סָֽפְרָ֔א כְּתַ֛בוּ אִגְּרָ֥ה חֲדָ֖ה עַל־יְרוּשְׁלֶ֑ם לְאַרְתַּחְשַׁ֥שְׂתְּא מַלְכָּ֖א כְּנֵֽמָא׃",
"text": "*rᵉḥûm* *bᵉʿēl*-*ṭᵉʿēm* and *wᵉšimšay* *sāpᵉrāʾ* they wrote *kᵉtabû* *ʾiggᵉrāh* one *ḥădāh* against *yᵉrûšᵉlem* to *lᵉʾartaḥšaśtᵉʾ* *malkāʾ* as follows *kᵉnēmāʾ*.",
"grammar": {
"*rᵉḥûm*": "proper noun - Rehum",
"*bᵉʿēl*": "noun, masculine singular construct - lord of/master of",
"*ṭᵉʿēm*": "noun, masculine singular - decree/command",
"*wᵉšimšay*": "waw-conjunction + proper noun - and Shimshai",
"*sāpᵉrāʾ*": "noun, masculine singular with Aramaic definite article - the scribe",
"*kᵉtabû*": "peal perfect, 3rd plural - they wrote",
"*ʾiggᵉrāh*": "noun, feminine singular - letter",
"*ḥădāh*": "numeral, feminine singular - one",
"*yᵉrûšᵉlem*": "proper noun - Jerusalem",
"*lᵉʾartaḥšaśtᵉʾ*": "preposition + proper noun - to Artaxerxes",
"*malkāʾ*": "noun, masculine singular with Aramaic definite article - the king",
"*kᵉnēmāʾ*": "adverb - as follows/thus"
},
"variants": {
"*bᵉʿēl*-*ṭᵉʿēm*": "commander/lord of command/official",
"*sāpᵉrāʾ*": "the scribe/the secretary",
"*ʾiggᵉrāh*": "letter/document/dispatch"
}
}
9 {
"verseID": "Ezra.4.9",
"source": "אֱדַ֜יִן רְח֣וּם בְּעֵל־טְעֵ֗ם וְשִׁמְשַׁי֙ סָֽפְרָ֔א וּשְׁאָ֖ר כְּנָוָתְה֑וֹן דִּ֠ינָיֵא וַאֲפַרְסַתְכָיֵ֞א טַרְפְּלָיֵ֣א אֲפָֽרְסָיֵ֗א *ארכוי **אַרְכְּוָיֵ֤א בָבְלָיֵא֙ שֽׁוּשַׁנְכָיֵ֔א *דהוא **דֶּהָיֵ֖א עֵלְמָיֵֽא׃",
"text": "Then *ʾĕdayin* *rᵉḥûm* *bᵉʿēl*-*ṭᵉʿēm* and *wᵉšimšay* *sāpᵉrāʾ* and rest *ûšᵉʾār* their *kᵉnāwātᵉhôn*: the *dînāyēʾ* and the *waʾăparsatᵉkāyēʾ* the *ṭarpᵉlāyēʾ* the *ʾăpārsāyēʾ* the *ʾarkᵉwāyēʾ* the *bābᵉlāyēʾ* the *šûšankāyēʾ* the *dehāyēʾ* the *ʿēlᵉmāyēʾ*.",
"grammar": {
"*ʾĕdayin*": "adverb - then",
"*rᵉḥûm*": "proper noun - Rehum",
"*bᵉʿēl*": "noun, masculine singular construct - lord of/master of",
"*ṭᵉʿēm*": "noun, masculine singular - decree/command",
"*wᵉšimšay*": "waw-conjunction + proper noun - and Shimshai",
"*sāpᵉrāʾ*": "noun, masculine singular with Aramaic definite article - the scribe",
"*ûšᵉʾār*": "waw-conjunction + noun, masculine singular - and rest of",
"*kᵉnāwātᵉhôn*": "noun, masculine plural + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their colleagues",
"*dînāyēʾ*": "gentilic plural - the Dinaites",
"*waʾăparsatᵉkāyēʾ*": "waw-conjunction + gentilic plural - and the Apharsathchites",
"*ṭarpᵉlāyēʾ*": "gentilic plural - the Tarpelites",
"*ʾăpārsāyēʾ*": "gentilic plural - the Apharsites",
"*ʾarkᵉwāyēʾ*": "gentilic plural - the Archevites",
"*bābᵉlāyēʾ*": "gentilic plural - the Babylonians",
"*šûšankāyēʾ*": "gentilic plural - the Susanchites",
"*dehāyēʾ*": "gentilic plural - the Dehaites",
"*ʿēlᵉmāyēʾ*": "gentilic plural - the Elamites"
},
"variants": {
"*bᵉʿēl*-*ṭᵉʿēm*": "commander/lord of command/official",
"*kᵉnāwātᵉhôn*": "their colleagues/their associates/their companions"
}
}
10 {
"verseID": "Ezra.4.10",
"source": "וּשְׁאָ֣ר אֻמַּיָּ֗א דִּ֤י הַגְלִי֙ אָסְנַפַּר֙ רַבָּ֣א וְיַקִּירָ֔א וְהוֹתֵ֣ב הִמּ֔וֹ בְּקִרְיָ֖ה דִּ֣י שָׁמְרָ֑יִן וּשְׁאָ֥ר עֲבַֽר־נַהֲרָ֖ה וּכְעֶֽנֶת׃",
"text": "And rest *ûšᵉʾār* *ʾummāyāʾ* that *dî* *haglî* *ʾāsnappar* the great *rabbāʾ* and the honorable *wᵉyaqqîrāʾ* and settled *wᵉhôtēb* them *himmô* in city *bᵉqiryāh* of *dî* *šāmᵉrāyin* and rest *ûšᵉʾār* of *ʿăbar*-*nahărāh* and now *ûkᵉʿenet*.",
"grammar": {
"*ûšᵉʾār*": "waw-conjunction + noun, masculine singular - and rest of",
"*ʾummāyāʾ*": "noun, masculine plural with Aramaic definite article - the peoples/nations",
"*dî*": "relative particle - that/whom",
"*haglî*": "haphel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - exiled/transported",
"*ʾāsnappar*": "proper noun - Osnappar (Ashurbanipal)",
"*rabbāʾ*": "adjective, masculine singular with Aramaic definite article - the great",
"*wᵉyaqqîrāʾ*": "waw-conjunction + adjective, masculine singular with Aramaic definite article - and the honorable",
"*wᵉhôtēb*": "waw-conjunction + haphel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he settled",
"*himmô*": "3rd masculine plural pronoun - them",
"*bᵉqiryāh*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular construct - in city of",
"*dî*": "relative particle - of",
"*šāmᵉrāyin*": "proper noun - Samaria",
"*ûšᵉʾār*": "waw-conjunction + noun, masculine singular construct - and rest of",
"*ʿăbar*": "noun, masculine singular construct - beyond",
"*nahărāh*": "noun, masculine singular with Aramaic definite article - the river",
"*ûkᵉʿenet*": "waw-conjunction + adverb - and now"
},
"variants": {
"*haglî*": "exiled/transported/deported",
"*ʾāsnappar*": "Osnappar/Ashurbanipal",
"*wᵉhôtēb*": "settled/caused to dwell/relocated",
"*ʿăbar*-*nahărāh*": "beyond the River/Trans-Euphrates"
}
}
11 {
"verseID": "Ezra.4.11",
"source": "דְּנָה֙ פַּרְשֶׁ֣גֶן אִגַּרְתָּ֔א דִּ֚י שְׁלַ֣חוּ עֲל֔וֹהִי עַל־אַרְתַּחְשַׁ֖שְׂתְּא מַלְכָּ֑א עַבְדָ֛יךְ אֱנָ֥שׁ עֲבַֽר־נַהֲרָ֖ה וּכְעֶֽנֶת׃ פ",
"text": "This *dᵉnāh* *paršegen* *ʾiggartāʾ* which *dî* they sent *šᵉlaḥû* to him *ʿălôhî* to *ʾartaḥšaśtᵉʾ* *malkāʾ*: Your servants *ʿabdāyk* men *ʾĕnāš* *ʿăbar*-*nahărāh* and now *ûkᵉʿenet*.",
"grammar": {
"*dᵉnāh*": "demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular - this",
"*paršegen*": "noun, masculine singular construct - copy of",
"*ʾiggartāʾ*": "noun, feminine singular with Aramaic definite article - the letter",
"*dî*": "relative particle - which",
"*šᵉlaḥû*": "peal perfect, 3rd plural - they sent",
"*ʿălôhî*": "preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - to him",
"*ʾartaḥšaśtᵉʾ*": "proper noun - Artaxerxes",
"*malkāʾ*": "noun, masculine singular with Aramaic definite article - the king",
"*ʿabdāyk*": "noun, masculine plural + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your servants",
"*ʾĕnāš*": "noun, masculine singular construct - men of",
"*ʿăbar*": "noun, masculine singular construct - beyond",
"*nahărāh*": "noun, masculine singular with Aramaic definite article - the river",
"*ûkᵉʿenet*": "waw-conjunction + adverb - and now"
},
"variants": {
"*paršegen*": "copy/transcript",
"*ʾiggartāʾ*": "letter/document/dispatch",
"*ʿăbar*-*nahărāh*": "beyond the River/Trans-Euphrates"
}
}
12 {
"verseID": "Ezra.4.12",
"source": "יְדִ֙יעַ֙ לֶהֱוֵ֣א לְמַלְכָּ֔א דִּ֣י יְהוּדָיֵ֗א דִּ֤י סְלִ֙קוּ֙ מִן־לְוָתָ֔ךְ עֲלֶ֥ינָא אֲת֖וֹ לִירוּשְׁלֶ֑ם קִרְיְתָ֨א מָֽרָדְתָּ֤א *ובאישתא **וּבִֽישְׁתָּא֙ בָּנַ֔יִן *ושורי **וְשׁוּרַיָּ֣א *אשכללו **שַׁכְלִ֔ילוּ וְאֻשַּׁיָּ֖א יַחִֽיטוּ׃",
"text": "Let it be known *yᵉdîaʿ* *lehĕwēʾ* to the *lᵉmalkāʾ* that *dî* the *yᵉhûdāyēʾ* who *dî* came up *sᵉliqû* from *min*-with you *lᵉwātāk* to us *ʿălênāʾ* have come *ʾătô* to *lîrûšᵉlem*, the city *qiryᵉtāʾ* rebellious *mārādᵉtāʾ* and evil *ûbîšᵉtāʾ* they are building *bānāyin*, and the walls *wᵉšûrayyāʾ* they have completed *šaklîlû* and the foundations *wᵉʾuššayyāʾ* they have repaired *yaḥîṭû*.",
"grammar": {
"*yᵉdîaʿ*": "peal passive participle, masculine singular - known",
"*lehĕwēʾ*": "preposition + peal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular jussive - let it be",
"*lᵉmalkāʾ*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular with Aramaic definite article - to the king",
"*dî*": "relative particle - that",
"*yᵉhûdāyēʾ*": "gentilic plural with Aramaic definite article - the Jews",
"*dî*": "relative particle - who",
"*sᵉliqû*": "peal perfect, 3rd plural - came up/went up",
"*min*": "preposition - from",
"*lᵉwātāk*": "preposition + 2nd masculine singular suffix - with you",
"*ʿălênāʾ*": "preposition + 1st plural suffix - to us",
"*ʾătô*": "peal perfect, 3rd plural - have come",
"*lîrûšᵉlem*": "preposition + proper noun - to Jerusalem",
"*qiryᵉtāʾ*": "noun, feminine singular with Aramaic definite article - the city",
"*mārādᵉtāʾ*": "adjective, feminine singular with Aramaic definite article - the rebellious",
"*ûbîšᵉtāʾ*": "waw-conjunction + adjective, feminine singular with Aramaic definite article - and the evil",
"*bānāyin*": "peal participle, masculine plural - building",
"*wᵉšûrayyāʾ*": "waw-conjunction + noun, feminine plural with Aramaic definite article - and the walls",
"*šaklîlû*": "peal perfect, 3rd plural - they have completed",
"*wᵉʾuššayyāʾ*": "waw-conjunction + noun, feminine plural with Aramaic definite article - and the foundations",
"*yaḥîṭû*": "peal perfect, 3rd plural - they have repaired"
},
"variants": {
"*sᵉliqû*": "came up/went up/ascended",
"*qiryᵉtāʾ*": "city/town",
"*mārādᵉtāʾ*": "rebellious/seditious",
"*bānāyin*": "building/constructing",
"*šaklîlû*": "completed/finished/restored",
"*yaḥîṭû*": "repaired/joined together/fixed"
}
}
13 {
"verseID": "Ezra.4.13",
"source": "כְּעַ֗ן יְדִ֙יעַ֙ לֶהֱוֵ֣א לְמַלְכָּ֔א דִּ֠י הֵ֣ן קִרְיְתָ֥א דָךְ֙ תִּתְבְּנֵ֔א וְשׁוּרַיָּ֖ה יִֽשְׁתַּכְלְל֑וּן מִנְדָּֽה־בְל֤וֹ וַהֲלָךְ֙ לָ֣א יִנְתְּנ֔וּן וְאַפְּתֹ֥ם מַלְכִ֖ים תְּהַנְזִֽק׃",
"text": "Now *kᵉʿan* let it be known *yᵉdîaʿ* *lehĕwēʾ* to the *lᵉmalkāʾ* that *dî* if *hēn* city *qiryᵉtāʾ* this *dāk* is built *titbᵉnēʾ* and its walls *wᵉšûrayyāh* are completed *yištakᵉlᵉlûn*, tax *mindāh*-toll *bᵉlô* and custom *wahălāk* they will not *lāʾ* give *yintᵉnûn*, and revenue of *wᵉʾappᵉtōm* kings *malkîm* will be damaged *tᵉhanziq*.",
"grammar": {
"*kᵉʿan*": "adverb - now",
"*yᵉdîaʿ*": "peal passive participle, masculine singular - known",
"*lehĕwēʾ*": "preposition + peal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular jussive - let it be",
"*lᵉmalkāʾ*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular with Aramaic definite article - to the king",
"*dî*": "relative particle - that",
"*hēn*": "conditional particle - if",
"*qiryᵉtāʾ*": "noun, feminine singular with Aramaic definite article - the city",
"*dāk*": "demonstrative pronoun, feminine singular - this",
"*titbᵉnēʾ*": "hitpeel imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - is built",
"*wᵉšûrayyāh*": "waw-conjunction + noun, feminine plural + 3rd feminine singular suffix - and its walls",
"*yištakᵉlᵉlûn*": "hitpaal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - are completed",
"*mindāh*": "noun, feminine singular - tax",
"*bᵉlô*": "noun, masculine singular - toll/tribute",
"*wahălāk*": "waw-conjunction + noun, masculine singular - and custom/duty",
"*lāʾ*": "negative particle - not",
"*yintᵉnûn*": "peal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they will give",
"*wᵉʾappᵉtōm*": "waw-conjunction + noun, masculine singular construct - and revenue of",
"*malkîm*": "noun, masculine plural - kings",
"*tᵉhanziq*": "haphel imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - will be damaged"
},
"variants": {
"*qiryᵉtāʾ*": "city/town",
"*titbᵉnēʾ*": "is built/will be built",
"*yištakᵉlᵉlûn*": "are completed/will be restored/finished",
"*mindāh*": "tax/tribute",
"*bᵉlô*": "toll/tribute",
"*wahălāk*": "custom/duty",
"*tᵉhanziq*": "will be damaged/will suffer harm"
}
}
14 {
"verseID": "Ezra.4.14",
"source": "כְּעַ֗ן כָּל־קֳבֵל֙ דִּֽי־מְלַ֤ח הֵֽיכְלָא֙ מְלַ֔חְנָא וְעַרְוַ֣ת מַלְכָּ֔א לָ֥א אֲֽרִֽיךְ[c] לַ֖נָא לְמֶֽחֱזֵ֑א עַ֨ל־דְּנָ֔ה שְׁלַ֖חְנָא וְהוֹדַ֥עְנָא לְמַלְכָּֽא׃",
"text": "Now *kᵉʿan* because *kāl*-*qŏbēl* that *dî*-salt of *mᵉlaḥ* the *hêkᵉlāʾ* we eat *mᵉlaḥnāʾ* and dishonor of *wᵉʿarwat* the *malkāʾ* not *lāʾ* proper *ʾărîk* for us *lanāʾ* to *lᵉmeḥĕzēʾ*; therefore *ʿal*-*dᵉnāh* we have sent *šᵉlaḥnāʾ* and informed *wᵉhôdaʿnāʾ* the *lᵉmalkāʾ*.",
"grammar": {
"*kᵉʿan*": "adverb - now",
"*kāl*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all of",
"*qŏbēl*": "preposition - because",
"*dî*": "relative particle - that",
"*mᵉlaḥ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - salt of",
"*hêkᵉlāʾ*": "noun, masculine singular with Aramaic definite article - the palace",
"*mᵉlaḥnāʾ*": "peal perfect, 1st plural - we eat/have eaten",
"*wᵉʿarwat*": "waw-conjunction + noun, feminine singular construct - and nakedness of/dishonor of",
"*malkāʾ*": "noun, masculine singular with Aramaic definite article - the king",
"*lāʾ*": "negative particle - not",
"*ʾărîk*": "adjective, masculine singular - fitting/appropriate",
"*lanāʾ*": "preposition + 1st plural suffix - for us",
"*lᵉmeḥĕzēʾ*": "preposition + peal infinitive - to see",
"*ʿal*": "preposition - because of",
"*dᵉnāh*": "demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular - this",
"*šᵉlaḥnāʾ*": "peal perfect, 1st plural - we have sent",
"*wᵉhôdaʿnāʾ*": "waw-conjunction + haphel perfect, 1st plural - and we have informed",
"*lᵉmalkāʾ*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular with Aramaic definite article - to the king"
},
"variants": {
"*mᵉlaḥ* *hêkᵉlāʾ* *mᵉlaḥnāʾ*": "we eat the salt of the palace/we are dependent on the king's provision",
"*wᵉʿarwat* *malkāʾ*": "dishonor of the king/injury to the king",
"*ʾărîk*": "fitting/proper/appropriate"
}
}
15 {
"verseID": "Ezra.4.15",
"source": "דִּ֡י יְבַקַּר֩ בִּֽסְפַר־דָּכְרָ֨נַיָּ֜א דִּ֣י אֲבָהָתָ֗ךְ וּ֠תְהַשְׁכַּח בִּסְפַ֣ר דָּכְרָנַיָּא֮ וְתִנְדַּע֒ דִּי֩ קִרְיְתָ֨א דָ֜ךְ קִרְיָ֣א מָֽרָדָ֗א וּֽמְהַנְזְקַ֤ת מַלְכִין֙ וּמְדִנָ֔ן וְאֶשְׁתַּדּוּר֙ עָבְדִ֣ין בְּגַוַּ֔הּ מִן־יוֹמָ֖ת עָלְמָ֑א עַ֨ל־דְּנָ֔ה קִרְיְתָ֥א דָ֖ךְ הָֽחָרְבַֽת׃",
"text": "That *dî* let search be made *yᵉbaqqar* in *bispᵉphar*-*dākrānayyāʾ* of *dî* your *ʾăbāhātāk* and you will find *ûtᵉhaškạḥ* in *bispᵉphar* *dākrānayyāʾ* and learn *wᵉtindaʿ* that *dî* city *qiryᵉtāʾ* this *dāk* a city *qiryāʾ* rebellious *mārādāʾ* and harmful *ûmᵉhanzᵉqat* to kings *malkîn* and provinces *ûmᵉdînān*, and rebellion *wᵉʾeštaddûr* they make *ʿābdîn* within it *bᵉgawwạh* from *min*-days *yômāt* ancient *ʿālᵉmāʾ*; on account of which *ʿal*-*dᵉnāh* city *qiryᵉtāʾ* this *dāk* was destroyed *hāḥārbat*.",
"grammar": {
"*dî*": "relative particle - that",
"*yᵉbaqqar*": "pael imperfect, 3rd masculine singular jussive - let him search",
"*bispᵉphar*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - in book of",
"*dākrānayyāʾ*": "noun, masculine plural with Aramaic definite article - the records",
"*dî*": "relative particle - of",
"*ʾăbāhātāk*": "noun, masculine plural + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your fathers",
"*ûtᵉhaškạḥ*": "waw-conjunction + haphel imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - and you will find",
"*bispᵉphar*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - in book of",
"*dākrānayyāʾ*": "noun, masculine plural with Aramaic definite article - the records",
"*wᵉtindaʿ*": "waw-conjunction + peal imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - and you will know",
"*dî*": "relative particle - that",
"*qiryᵉtāʾ*": "noun, feminine singular with Aramaic definite article - the city",
"*dāk*": "demonstrative pronoun, feminine singular - this",
"*qiryāʾ*": "noun, feminine singular with Aramaic definite article - a city",
"*mārādāʾ*": "adjective, feminine singular - rebellious",
"*ûmᵉhanzᵉqat*": "waw-conjunction + haphel participle, feminine singular construct - and causing harm to",
"*malkîn*": "noun, masculine plural - kings",
"*ûmᵉdînān*": "waw-conjunction + noun, feminine plural - and provinces",
"*wᵉʾeštaddûr*": "waw-conjunction + hitpaal infinitive - and rebellion",
"*ʿābdîn*": "peal participle, masculine plural - making",
"*bᵉgawwạh*": "preposition + noun + 3rd feminine singular suffix - within it",
"*min*": "preposition - from",
"*yômāt*": "construct noun, masculine plural - days of",
"*ʿālᵉmāʾ*": "noun, masculine singular - ancient/eternal",
"*ʿal*": "preposition - on account of",
"*dᵉnāh*": "demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular - this",
"*qiryᵉtāʾ*": "noun, feminine singular with Aramaic definite article - the city",
"*dāk*": "demonstrative pronoun, feminine singular - this",
"*hāḥārbat*": "hophal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - was destroyed/laid waste"
},
"variants": {
"*dākrānayyāʾ*": "records/annals/chronicles",
"*mārādāʾ*": "rebellious/seditious",
"*ûmᵉhanzᵉqat*": "harmful to/injuring/damaging",
"*wᵉʾeštaddûr*": "rebellion/sedition/insurrection",
"*ʿālᵉmāʾ*": "ancient/eternal/long-standing",
"*hāḥārbat*": "was destroyed/laid waste/devastated"
}
}