18 {
"verseID": "Genesis.38.18",
"source": "וַיֹּ֗אמֶר מָ֣ה הֽ͏ָעֵרָבוֹן֮ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֶתֶּן־לָּךְ֒ וַתֹּ֗אמֶר חֹתָֽמְךָ֙ וּפְתִילֶ֔ךָ וּמַטְּךָ֖ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּיָדֶ֑ךָ וַיִּתֶּן־לָּ֛הּ וַיָּבֹ֥א אֵלֶ֖יהָ וַתַּ֥הַר לֽוֹ",
"text": "And *wayyōʾmer*, what *hāʿērābôn* that *ʾettēn*-to you? And *wattōʾmer*, your *ḥōtāməḵā* and your *pətîleḵā* and your *maṭṭəḵā* which are in your *bəyādeḵā*. And *wayyittēn*-to her and *wayyābōʾ* unto her and *wattahar* by him",
"grammar": {
"*wayyōʾmer*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said",
"*hāʿērābôn*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the pledge",
"*ʾettēn*": "qal imperfect, 1st common singular - I shall give",
"*wattōʾmer*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and she said",
"*ḥōtāməḵā*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your seal",
"*pətîleḵā*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your cord",
"*maṭṭəḵā*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your staff",
"*bəyādeḵā*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular construct + 2nd masculine singular suffix - in your hand",
"*wayyittēn*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he gave",
"*wayyābōʾ*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he went in",
"*wattahar*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and she conceived"
},
"variants": {
"*hāʿērābôn*": "the pledge/security/guarantee",
"*ʾettēn*": "I shall give/provide/offer",
"*ḥōtāməḵā*": "your seal/signet ring",
"*pətîleḵā*": "your cord/string/ribbon",
"*maṭṭəḵā*": "your staff/rod/walking stick",
"*wayyittēn*": "and he gave/provided/handed over",
"*wayyābōʾ*": "and he went in/had relations with",
"*wattahar*": "and she conceived/became pregnant"
}
}
19 {
"verseID": "Genesis.38.19",
"source": "וַתָּ֣קָם וַתֵּ֔לֶךְ וַתָּ֥סַר צְעִיפָ֖הּ מֵעָלֶ֑יהָ וַתִּלְבַּ֖שׁ בִּגְדֵ֥י אַלְמְנוּתָֽהּ",
"text": "And *wattāqām* and *wattēleḵ* and *wattāsar* her *ṣəʿîpāh* from *mēʿāleyhā* and *wattilbaš* *bigdê* her *ʾalmənûtāh*",
"grammar": {
"*wattāqām*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and she arose",
"*wattēleḵ*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and she went",
"*wattāsar*": "waw-consecutive + hiphil imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and she removed",
"*ṣəʿîpāh*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her veil",
"*mēʿāleyhā*": "preposition + preposition + 3rd feminine singular suffix - from upon her",
"*wattilbaš*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and she put on",
"*bigdê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - garments of",
"*ʾalmənûtāh*": "noun, feminine singular construct + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her widowhood"
},
"variants": {
"*wattāqām*": "and she arose/got up/stood up",
"*wattēleḵ*": "and she went/departed/left",
"*wattāsar*": "and she removed/took off",
"*ṣəʿîpāh*": "her veil/shawl/covering",
"*wattilbaš*": "and she put on/wore/dressed in",
"*bigdê*": "garments/clothes",
"*ʾalmənûtāh*": "her widowhood/her widow's garments"
}
}
20 {
"verseID": "Genesis.38.20",
"source": "וַיִּשְׁלַ֨ח יְהוּדָ֜ה אֶת־גְּדִ֣י הָֽעִזִּ֗ים בְּיַד֙ רֵעֵ֣הוּ הָֽעֲדֻלָּמִ֔י לָקַ֥חַת הָעֵרָב֖וֹן מִיַּ֣ד הָאִשָּׁ֑ה וְלֹ֖א מְצָאָֽהּ",
"text": "And *wayyišlaḥ* *Yehûdāh* *ʾet*-*gədî* the *hāʿizzîm* by *bəyad* his *rēʿēhû* the *hāʿAdullāmî* to *lāqaḥat* the *hāʿērābôn* from *miyyad* the *hāʾiššāh*, and *lōʾ* *məṣāʾāh*",
"grammar": {
"*wayyišlaḥ*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he sent",
"*Yehûdāh*": "proper noun, masculine - Judah",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*gədî*": "noun, masculine singular construct - young goat of",
"*hāʿizzîm*": "definite article + noun, feminine plural - the goats",
"*bəyad*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular construct - by the hand of",
"*rēʿēhû*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his friend",
"*hāʿAdullāmî*": "definite article + adjective, masculine singular - the Adullamite",
"*lāqaḥat*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to take",
"*hāʿērābôn*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the pledge",
"*miyyad*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular construct - from the hand of",
"*hāʾiššāh*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the woman",
"*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not",
"*məṣāʾāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular + 3rd feminine singular suffix - he found her"
},
"variants": {
"*wayyišlaḥ*": "and he sent/dispatched",
"*gədî*": "young goat/kid",
"*lāqaḥat*": "to take/retrieve/get back",
"*hāʿērābôn*": "the pledge/security/guarantee",
"*məṣāʾāh*": "he found her/located her"
}
}
21 {
"verseID": "Genesis.38.21",
"source": "וַיִּשְׁאַ֞ל אֶת־אַנְשֵׁ֤י מְקֹמָהּ֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר אַיֵּ֧ה הַקְּדֵשָׁ֛ה הִ֥וא בָעֵינַ֖יִם עַל־הַדָּ֑רֶךְ וַיֹּ֣אמְר֔וּ לֹא־הָיְתָ֥ה בָזֶ֖ה קְדֵשָֽׁה",
"text": "And *wayyišʾal* *ʾet*-*ʾanšê* her *məqōmāh* *lēʾmōr*, where is the *haqqədēšāh* who was in *bāʿênayim* on the *haddāreḵ*? And *wayyōʾmərû*, *lōʾ*-*hāyətāh* here *qədēšāh*",
"grammar": {
"*wayyišʾal*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he asked",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*ʾanšê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - men of",
"*məqōmāh*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her place",
"*lēʾmōr*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - saying",
"*haqqədēšāh*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the cult prostitute",
"*bāʿênayim*": "preposition + proper noun - in Enaim",
"*haddāreḵ*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the way/road",
"*wayyōʾmərû*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they said",
"*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not",
"*hāyətāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - she was",
"*qədēšāh*": "noun, feminine singular - cult prostitute"
},
"variants": {
"*wayyišʾal*": "and he asked/inquired of",
"*məqōmāh*": "her place/her location/her town",
"*lēʾmōr*": "saying/to say",
"*haqqədēšāh*": "the cult prostitute/temple prostitute/sacred woman",
"*hāyətāh*": "she was/has been/existed"
}
}
22 {
"verseID": "Genesis.38.22",
"source": "וַיָּ֙שָׁב֙ אֶל־יְהוּדָ֔ה וַיֹּ֖אמֶר לֹ֣א מְצָאתִ֑יהָ וְגַ֨ם אַנְשֵׁ֤י הַמָּקוֹם֙ אָֽמְר֔וּ לֹא־הָיְתָ֥ה בָזֶ֖ה קְדֵשָֽׁה",
"text": "And *wayyāšāb* unto *Yehûdāh* and *wayyōʾmer*, *lōʾ* *məṣāʾtîhā*, and also *ʾanšê* the *hammāqôm* *ʾāmərû*, *lōʾ*-*hāyətāh* here *qədēšāh*",
"grammar": {
"*wayyāšāb*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he returned",
"*Yehûdāh*": "proper noun, masculine - Judah",
"*wayyōʾmer*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said",
"*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not",
"*məṣāʾtîhā*": "qal perfect, 1st common singular + 3rd feminine singular suffix - I found her",
"*ʾanšê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - men of",
"*hammāqôm*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the place",
"*ʾāmərû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they said",
"*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not",
"*hāyətāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - she was",
"*qədēšāh*": "noun, feminine singular - cult prostitute"
},
"variants": {
"*wayyāšāb*": "and he returned/came back",
"*məṣāʾtîhā*": "I found her/located her/discovered her",
"*ʾāmərû*": "they said/declared/stated",
"*hāyətāh*": "she was/has been/existed"
}
}
23 {
"verseID": "Genesis.38.23",
"source": "וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוּדָה֙ תִּֽקַּֽח־לָ֔הּ פֶּ֖ן נִהְיֶ֣ה לָב֑וּז הִנֵּ֤ה שָׁלַ֙חְתִּי֙ הַגְּדִ֣י הַזֶּ֔ה וְאַתָּ֖ה לֹ֥א מְצָאתָֽהּ",
"text": "And *wayyōʾmer* *Yehûdāh*, *tiqqaḥ*-to her, lest *nihyeh* to *lābûz*. Behold, *šālaḥtî* the *haggedî* the *hazzeh*, and you *lōʾ* *məṣāʾtāh*",
"grammar": {
"*wayyōʾmer*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said",
"*Yehûdāh*": "proper noun, masculine - Judah",
"*tiqqaḥ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular jussive - let her take",
"*nihyeh*": "qal imperfect, 1st common plural - we become",
"*lābûz*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - to contempt/ridicule",
"*šālaḥtî*": "qal perfect, 1st common singular - I sent",
"*haggedî*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the young goat",
"*hazzeh*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular - this",
"*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not",
"*məṣāʾtāh*": "qal perfect, 2nd masculine singular + 3rd feminine singular suffix - you found her"
},
"variants": {
"*tiqqaḥ*": "let her take/keep/have",
"*nihyeh*": "we become/turn into/end up as",
"*lābûz*": "to contempt/mockery/ridicule/scorn",
"*šālaḥtî*": "I sent/dispatched",
"*məṣāʾtāh*": "you found her/located her"
}
}
24 {
"verseID": "Genesis.38.24",
"source": "וַיְהִ֣י ׀ כְּמִשְׁלֹ֣שׁ חֳדָשִׁ֗ים וַיֻּגַּ֨ד לִֽיהוּדָ֤ה לֽ͏ֵאמֹר֙ זָֽנְתָה֙ תָּמָ֣ר כַּלָּתֶ֔ךָ וְגַ֛ם הִנֵּ֥ה הָרָ֖ה לִזְנוּנִ֑ים וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יְהוּדָ֔ה הוֹצִיא֖וּהָ וְתִשָּׂרֵֽף",
"text": "And *wayehî* after about three *ḥŏdāšîm*, and *wayyuggad* to *Yehûdāh* *lēʾmōr*, *zānətāh* *Tāmār* your *kallāteḵā*, and also behold, she is *hārāh* to *liznûnîm*. And *wayyōʾmer* *Yehûdāh*, *hôṣîʾûhā* and *wətiśśārēp*",
"grammar": {
"*wayehî*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and it happened",
"*ḥŏdāšîm*": "noun, masculine plural - months",
"*wayyuggad*": "waw-consecutive + hophal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and it was told",
"*Yehûdāh*": "proper noun, masculine - Judah",
"*lēʾmōr*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - saying",
"*zānətāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - she has played the harlot",
"*Tāmār*": "proper noun, feminine - Tamar",
"*kallāteḵā*": "noun, feminine singular construct + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your daughter-in-law",
"*hārāh*": "adjective, feminine singular - pregnant",
"*liznûnîm*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural - by harlotry",
"*wayyōʾmer*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said",
"*Yehûdāh*": "proper noun, masculine - Judah",
"*hôṣîʾûhā*": "hiphil imperative, masculine plural + 3rd feminine singular suffix - bring her out",
"*wətiśśārēp*": "waw-conjunctive + niphal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular jussive - and let her be burned"
},
"variants": {
"*wayehî*": "and it happened/came to pass",
"*wayyuggad*": "and it was told/reported/announced",
"*lēʾmōr*": "saying/to say",
"*zānətāh*": "she has played the harlot/prostituted herself/been sexually immoral",
"*hārāh*": "pregnant/with child",
"*liznûnîm*": "by harlotry/by prostitution/by sexual immorality",
"*hôṣîʾûhā*": "bring her out/take her out",
"*wətiśśārēp*": "and let her be burned/let her be executed by fire"
}
}
25 {
"verseID": "Genesis.38.25",
"source": "הִ֣וא מוּצֵ֗את וְהִ֨יא שָׁלְחָ֤ה אֶל־חָמִ֙יהָ֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר לְאִישׁ֙ אֲשֶׁר־אֵ֣לֶּה לּ֔וֹ אָנֹכִ֖י הָרָ֑ה וַתֹּ֙אמֶר֙ הַכֶּר־נָ֔א לְמִ֞י הַחֹתֶ֧מֶת וְהַפְּתִילִ֛ים וְהַמַּטֶּ֖ה הָאֵֽלֶּה",
"text": "She *mûṣēʾt* and she *šāləḥāh* unto her *ḥāmîhā* *lēʾmōr*, by *ləʾîš* that these belong to *lô*, I am *hārāh*. And *wattōʾmer*, *hakker*-*nāʾ* to whom the *haḥōtemet* and the *hapətîlîm* and the *hammaṭṭeh* *hāʾēlleh*?",
"grammar": {
"*mûṣēʾt*": "hophal participle, feminine singular - being brought out",
"*šāləḥāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - she sent",
"*ḥāmîhā*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her father-in-law",
"*lēʾmōr*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - saying",
"*ləʾîš*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - by the man",
"*lô*": "preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - to him",
"*hārāh*": "adjective, feminine singular - pregnant",
"*wattōʾmer*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and she said",
"*hakker*": "hiphil imperative, masculine singular - recognize/identify",
"*nāʾ*": "particle - please",
"*haḥōtemet*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the seal",
"*hapətîlîm*": "definite article + noun, masculine plural - the cords",
"*hammaṭṭeh*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the staff",
"*hāʾēlleh*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun, common plural - these"
},
"variants": {
"*mûṣēʾt*": "being brought out/as she was being taken out",
"*šāləḥāh*": "she sent/dispatched/had someone take",
"*lēʾmōr*": "saying/to say",
"*ləʾîš*": "by the man/to the man",
"*hārāh*": "pregnant/with child",
"*hakker*": "recognize/identify/acknowledge"
}
}
26 {
"verseID": "Genesis.38.26",
"source": "וַיַּכֵּ֣ר יְהוּדָ֗ה וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ צָֽדְקָ֣ה מִמֶּ֔נִּי כִּֽי־עַל־כֵּ֥ן לֹא־נְתַתִּ֖יהָ לְשֵׁלָ֣ה בְנִ֑י וְלֹֽא־יָסַ֥ף ע֖וֹד לְדַעְתָּֽה",
"text": "And *wayyakkēr* *Yehûdāh* and *wayyōʾmer*, *ṣādəqāh* from me, for therefore *lōʾ*-*nətattîhā* to *Šēlāh* *bənî*, and *lōʾ*-*yāsap* again *lədaʿtāh*",
"grammar": {
"*wayyakkēr*": "waw-consecutive + hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he recognized",
"*Yehûdāh*": "proper noun, masculine - Judah",
"*wayyōʾmer*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said",
"*ṣādəqāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - she is more righteous",
"*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not",
"*nətattîhā*": "qal perfect, 1st common singular + 3rd feminine singular suffix - I gave her",
"*Šēlāh*": "proper noun, masculine - Shelah",
"*bənî*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 1st common singular suffix - my son",
"*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not",
"*yāsap*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he continued",
"*lədaʿtāh*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct + 3rd feminine singular suffix - to know her"
},
"variants": {
"*wayyakkēr*": "and he recognized/identified/acknowledged",
"*ṣādəqāh*": "she is more righteous/she is right/she is just",
"*nətattîhā*": "I gave her/provided her/offered her",
"*yāsap*": "he continued/added/proceeded",
"*lədaʿtāh*": "to know her/to have relations with her"
}
}
27 {
"verseID": "Genesis.38.27",
"source": "וַיְהִ֖י בְּעֵ֣ת לִדְתָּ֑הּ וְהִנֵּ֥ה תְאוֹמִ֖ים בְּבִטְנָֽהּ",
"text": "And *wayehî* in *ʿēt* her *lidtāh*, and behold, *təʾômîm* in her *bəbiṭnāh*",
"grammar": {
"*wayehî*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and it happened",
"*ʿēt*": "noun, feminine singular construct - time of",
"*lidtāh*": "qal infinitive construct + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her giving birth",
"*təʾômîm*": "noun, masculine plural - twins",
"*bəbiṭnāh*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular construct + 3rd feminine singular suffix - in her womb"
},
"variants": {
"*wayehî*": "and it happened/came to pass",
"*ʿēt*": "time/period",
"*lidtāh*": "her giving birth/her delivery",
"*təʾômîm*": "twins/a pair",
"*bəbiṭnāh*": "in her womb/in her belly"
}
}