11 {
"verseID": "Genesis.38.11",
"source": "וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יְהוּדָה֩ לְתָמָ֨ר כַּלָּת֜וֹ שְׁבִ֧י אַלְמָנָ֣ה בֵית־אָבִ֗יךְ עַד־יִגְדַּל֙ שֵׁלָ֣ה בְנְ֔י כִּ֣י אָמַ֔ר פֶּן־יָמ֥וּת גַּם־ה֖וּא כְּאֶחָ֑יו וַתֵּ֣לֶךְ תָּמָ֔ר וַתֵּ֖שֶׁב בֵּ֥ית אָבִֽיהָ",
"text": "And *wayyōʾmer* *Yehûdāh* to *Tāmār* his *kallātô* *šəbî* *ʾalmānāh* *bêt*-your *ʾābîḵ* until *yigdal* *Šēlāh* *bənî*, for *ʾāmar*, lest *yāmût* also he like his *kəʾeḥāyw*. And *wattēleḵ* *Tāmār* and *wattēšeb* *bêt* her *ʾābîhā*",
"grammar": {
"*wayyōʾmer*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said",
"*Yehûdāh*": "proper noun, masculine - Judah",
"*Tāmār*": "proper noun, feminine - Tamar",
"*kallātô*": "noun, feminine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his daughter-in-law",
"*šəbî*": "qal imperative, feminine singular - remain/dwell",
"*ʾalmānāh*": "noun, feminine singular - widow",
"*bêt*": "noun, masculine singular construct - house of",
"*ʾābîḵ*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 2nd feminine singular suffix - your father",
"*yigdal*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he grows up",
"*Šēlāh*": "proper noun, masculine - Shelah",
"*bənî*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 1st common singular suffix - my son",
"*ʾāmar*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he said",
"*yāmût*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he dies",
"*kəʾeḥāyw*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - like his brothers",
"*wattēleḵ*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and she went",
"*Tāmār*": "proper noun, feminine - Tamar",
"*wattēšeb*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and she dwelt",
"*bêt*": "noun, masculine singular construct - house of",
"*ʾābîhā*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her father"
},
"variants": {
"*wayyōʾmer*": "and he said/spoke/commanded",
"*šəbî*": "remain/stay/dwell/live",
"*ʾalmānāh*": "widow/in widowhood",
"*yigdal*": "grows up/becomes mature/gets older",
"*ʾāmar*": "he said/thought/claimed",
"*yāmût*": "he dies/will die/might die",
"*wattēleḵ*": "and she went/departed",
"*wattēšeb*": "and she dwelt/remained/stayed"
}
}
12 {
"verseID": "Genesis.38.12",
"source": "וַיִּרְבּוּ֙ הַיָּמִ֔ים וַתָּ֖מָת בַּת־שׁ֣וּעַ אֵֽשֶׁת־יְהוּדָ֑ה וַיִּנָּ֣חֶם יְהוּדָ֗ה וַיַּ֜עַל עַל־גֹּֽזֲזֵ֤י צֹאנוֹ֙ ה֗וּא וְחִירָ֛ה רֵעֵ֥הוּ הָעֲדֻלָּמִ֖י תִּמְנָֽתָה",
"text": "And *wayyirbû* the *hayyāmîm*, and *wattāmāt* *bat*-*šûaʿ* *ʾēšet*-*Yehûdāh*, and *wayyinnāḥem* *Yehûdāh* and *wayyaʿal* unto *gōzəzê* his *ṣōʾnô*, he and *Ḥîrāh* his *rēʿēhû* the *hāʿAdullāmî* to *Timnātāh*",
"grammar": {
"*wayyirbû*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they increased",
"*hayyāmîm*": "definite article + noun, masculine plural - the days",
"*wattāmāt*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and she died",
"*bat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - daughter of",
"*šûaʿ*": "proper noun, masculine - Shua",
"*ʾēšet*": "noun, feminine singular construct - wife of",
"*Yehûdāh*": "proper noun, masculine - Judah",
"*wayyinnāḥem*": "waw-consecutive + niphal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he was comforted",
"*Yehûdāh*": "proper noun, masculine - Judah",
"*wayyaʿal*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he went up",
"*gōzəzê*": "qal participle, masculine plural construct - shearers of",
"*ṣōʾnô*": "noun, feminine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his flock",
"*Ḥîrāh*": "proper noun, masculine - Hirah",
"*rēʿēhû*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his friend",
"*hāʿAdullāmî*": "definite article + adjective, masculine singular - the Adullamite",
"*Timnātāh*": "proper noun + directional heh - to Timnah"
},
"variants": {
"*wayyirbû*": "and they increased/multiplied/became many",
"*wattāmāt*": "and she died/passed away",
"*wayyinnāḥem*": "and he was comforted/consoled/finished mourning",
"*wayyaʿal*": "and he went up/ascended",
"*gōzəzê*": "shearers/those shearing"
}
}
13 {
"verseID": "Genesis.38.13",
"source": "וַיֻּגַּ֥ד לְתָמָ֖ר לֵאמֹ֑ר הִנֵּ֥ה חָמִ֛יךְ עֹלֶ֥ה תִמְנָ֖תָה לָגֹ֥ז צֹאנֽוֹ",
"text": "And *wayyuggad* to *Tāmār* *lēʾmōr*, behold, your *ḥāmîḵ* *ʿōleh* to *Timnātāh* to *lāgōz* his *ṣōʾnô*",
"grammar": {
"*wayyuggad*": "waw-consecutive + hophal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and it was told",
"*Tāmār*": "proper noun, feminine - Tamar",
"*lēʾmōr*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - saying",
"*ḥāmîḵ*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 2nd feminine singular suffix - your father-in-law",
"*ʿōleh*": "qal participle, masculine singular - going up",
"*Timnātāh*": "proper noun + directional heh - to Timnah",
"*lāgōz*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to shear",
"*ṣōʾnô*": "noun, feminine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his flock"
},
"variants": {
"*wayyuggad*": "and it was told/reported/announced",
"*lēʾmōr*": "saying/to say",
"*ʿōleh*": "going up/ascending/traveling",
"*lāgōz*": "to shear/to cut wool from"
}
}
14 {
"verseID": "Genesis.38.14",
"source": "וַתָּסַר֩ בִּגְדֵ֨י אַלְמְנוּתָ֜הּ מֵֽעָלֶ֗יהָ וַתְּכַ֤ס בַּצָּעִיף֙ וַתִּתְעַלָּ֔ף וַתֵּ֙שֶׁב֙ בְּפֶ֣תַח עֵינַ֔יִם אֲשֶׁ֖ר עַל־דֶּ֣רֶךְ תִּמְנָ֑תָה כִּ֤י רָאֲתָה֙ כִּֽי־גָדַ֣ל שֵׁלָ֔ה וְהִ֕וא לֹֽא־נִתְּנָ֥ה ל֖וֹ לְאִשָּֽׁה",
"text": "And *wattāsar* *bigdê* her *ʾalmənûtāh* from *mēʿāleyhā* and *wattəkas* with the *baṣṣāʿîp* and *wattitʿallāp* and *wattēšeb* in *betaḥ* *ʿênayim* which is on *dereḵ* *Timnātāh*, for *rāʾătāh* that *gādal* *Šēlāh* and she *lōʾ*-*nittənāh* to him *ləʾiššāh*",
"grammar": {
"*wattāsar*": "waw-consecutive + hiphil imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and she removed",
"*bigdê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - garments of",
"*ʾalmənûtāh*": "noun, feminine singular construct + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her widowhood",
"*mēʿāleyhā*": "preposition + preposition + 3rd feminine singular suffix - from upon her",
"*wattəkas*": "waw-consecutive + piel imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and she covered",
"*baṣṣāʿîp*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - with the veil",
"*wattitʿallāp*": "waw-consecutive + hithpael imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and she wrapped herself",
"*wattēšeb*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and she sat",
"*betaḥ*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - in the entrance of",
"*ʿênayim*": "noun, dual - Enaim/two springs",
"*dereḵ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - way to/road to",
"*Timnātāh*": "proper noun + directional heh - to Timnah",
"*rāʾătāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - she saw",
"*gādal*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he had grown up",
"*Šēlāh*": "proper noun, masculine - Shelah",
"*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not",
"*nittənāh*": "niphal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - she was given",
"*ləʾiššāh*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular - for a wife"
},
"variants": {
"*wattāsar*": "and she removed/took off/put aside",
"*bigdê*": "garments/clothes",
"*ʾalmənûtāh*": "her widowhood/her widow's garments",
"*wattəkas*": "and she covered/concealed",
"*baṣṣāʿîp*": "with the veil/with the wrapper/with the shawl",
"*wattitʿallāp*": "and she wrapped herself/disguised herself/covered herself",
"*wattēšeb*": "and she sat/remained/dwelled",
"*betaḥ*": "in the entrance of/at the opening of/at the gateway of",
"*ʿênayim*": "Enaim (place name)/two springs/double fountain",
"*rāʾătāh*": "she saw/perceived/understood",
"*gādal*": "had grown up/matured/became older",
"*nittənāh*": "she was given/provided/offered"
}
}
15 {
"verseID": "Genesis.38.15",
"source": "וַיִּרְאֶ֣הָ יְהוּדָ֔ה וֽ͏ַיַּחְשְׁבֶ֖הָ לְזוֹנָ֑ה כִּ֥י כִסְּתָ֖ה פָּנֶֽיהָ",
"text": "And *wayyirʾehā* *Yehûdāh* and *wayyaḥšəbehā* for *zônāh*, for *kissətāh* her *pāneyhā*",
"grammar": {
"*wayyirʾehā*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular + 3rd feminine singular suffix - and he saw her",
"*Yehûdāh*": "proper noun, masculine - Judah",
"*wayyaḥšəbehā*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular + 3rd feminine singular suffix - and he thought her",
"*zônāh*": "noun, feminine singular - prostitute",
"*kissətāh*": "piel perfect, 3rd feminine singular - she had covered",
"*pāneyhā*": "noun, masculine plural construct + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her face"
},
"variants": {
"*wayyirʾehā*": "and he saw her/noticed her/observed her",
"*wayyaḥšəbehā*": "and he thought her/considered her/took her for",
"*zônāh*": "prostitute/harlot",
"*kissətāh*": "she had covered/concealed/veiled"
}
}
16 {
"verseID": "Genesis.38.16",
"source": "וַיֵּ֨ט אֵלֶ֜יהָ אֶל־הַדֶּ֗רֶךְ וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ הָֽבָה־נָּא֙ אָב֣וֹא אֵלַ֔יִךְ כִּ֚י לֹ֣א יָדַ֔ע כִּ֥י כַלָּת֖וֹ הִ֑וא וַתֹּ֙אמֶר֙ מַה־תִּתֶּן־לִּ֔י כִּ֥י תָב֖וֹא אֵלָֽי",
"text": "And *wayyēṭ* unto her by the *haddereḵ* and *wayyōʾmer*, *hābāh*-*nāʾ* *ʾābôʾ* unto you, for *lōʾ* *yādaʿ* that his *kallātô* she *hîʾ*. And *wattōʾmer*, what *titten*-to me if *tābôʾ* unto me?",
"grammar": {
"*wayyēṭ*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he turned aside",
"*haddereḵ*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the way/road",
"*wayyōʾmer*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said",
"*hābāh*": "qal imperative, feminine singular - give/come",
"*nāʾ*": "particle - please",
"*ʾābôʾ*": "qal imperfect, 1st common singular - let me come in",
"*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not",
"*yādaʿ*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he knew",
"*kallātô*": "noun, feminine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his daughter-in-law",
"*hîʾ*": "3rd feminine singular personal pronoun - she",
"*wattōʾmer*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and she said",
"*titten*": "qal imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you will give",
"*tābôʾ*": "qal imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you come in"
},
"variants": {
"*wayyēṭ*": "and he turned aside/turned toward/approached",
"*hābāh*": "come/give/let me",
"*ʾābôʾ*": "let me come in/let me have relations with",
"*yādaʿ*": "he knew/recognized/was aware",
"*titten*": "you will give/provide/offer",
"*tābôʾ*": "you come in/have relations with"
}
}
17 {
"verseID": "Genesis.38.17",
"source": "וַיֹּ֕אמֶר אָנֹכִ֛י אֲשַׁלַּ֥ח גְּדִֽי־עִזִּ֖ים מִן־הַצֹּ֑אן וַתֹּ֕אמֶר אִם־תִּתֵּ֥ן עֵרָב֖וֹן עַ֥ד שָׁלְחֶֽךָ",
"text": "And *wayyōʾmer*, I *ʾăšallaḥ* *gədî*-*ʿizzîm* from the *haṣṣōʾn*. And *wattōʾmer*, if *tittēn* *ʿērābôn* until your *šālḥeḵā*",
"grammar": {
"*wayyōʾmer*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said",
"*ʾăšallaḥ*": "piel imperfect, 1st common singular - I will send",
"*gədî*": "noun, masculine singular construct - young goat of",
"*ʿizzîm*": "noun, feminine plural - goats",
"*haṣṣōʾn*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the flock",
"*wattōʾmer*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and she said",
"*tittēn*": "qal imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you will give",
"*ʿērābôn*": "noun, masculine singular - pledge",
"*šālḥeḵā*": "qal infinitive construct + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your sending"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾăšallaḥ*": "I will send/dispatch/deliver",
"*gədî*": "young goat/kid",
"*tittēn*": "you will give/provide/offer",
"*ʿērābôn*": "pledge/security/guarantee",
"*šālḥeḵā*": "your sending/until you send"
}
}
18 {
"verseID": "Genesis.38.18",
"source": "וַיֹּ֗אמֶר מָ֣ה הֽ͏ָעֵרָבוֹן֮ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֶתֶּן־לָּךְ֒ וַתֹּ֗אמֶר חֹתָֽמְךָ֙ וּפְתִילֶ֔ךָ וּמַטְּךָ֖ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּיָדֶ֑ךָ וַיִּתֶּן־לָּ֛הּ וַיָּבֹ֥א אֵלֶ֖יהָ וַתַּ֥הַר לֽוֹ",
"text": "And *wayyōʾmer*, what *hāʿērābôn* that *ʾettēn*-to you? And *wattōʾmer*, your *ḥōtāməḵā* and your *pətîleḵā* and your *maṭṭəḵā* which are in your *bəyādeḵā*. And *wayyittēn*-to her and *wayyābōʾ* unto her and *wattahar* by him",
"grammar": {
"*wayyōʾmer*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said",
"*hāʿērābôn*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the pledge",
"*ʾettēn*": "qal imperfect, 1st common singular - I shall give",
"*wattōʾmer*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and she said",
"*ḥōtāməḵā*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your seal",
"*pətîleḵā*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your cord",
"*maṭṭəḵā*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your staff",
"*bəyādeḵā*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular construct + 2nd masculine singular suffix - in your hand",
"*wayyittēn*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he gave",
"*wayyābōʾ*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he went in",
"*wattahar*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and she conceived"
},
"variants": {
"*hāʿērābôn*": "the pledge/security/guarantee",
"*ʾettēn*": "I shall give/provide/offer",
"*ḥōtāməḵā*": "your seal/signet ring",
"*pətîleḵā*": "your cord/string/ribbon",
"*maṭṭəḵā*": "your staff/rod/walking stick",
"*wayyittēn*": "and he gave/provided/handed over",
"*wayyābōʾ*": "and he went in/had relations with",
"*wattahar*": "and she conceived/became pregnant"
}
}
19 {
"verseID": "Genesis.38.19",
"source": "וַתָּ֣קָם וַתֵּ֔לֶךְ וַתָּ֥סַר צְעִיפָ֖הּ מֵעָלֶ֑יהָ וַתִּלְבַּ֖שׁ בִּגְדֵ֥י אַלְמְנוּתָֽהּ",
"text": "And *wattāqām* and *wattēleḵ* and *wattāsar* her *ṣəʿîpāh* from *mēʿāleyhā* and *wattilbaš* *bigdê* her *ʾalmənûtāh*",
"grammar": {
"*wattāqām*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and she arose",
"*wattēleḵ*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and she went",
"*wattāsar*": "waw-consecutive + hiphil imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and she removed",
"*ṣəʿîpāh*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her veil",
"*mēʿāleyhā*": "preposition + preposition + 3rd feminine singular suffix - from upon her",
"*wattilbaš*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and she put on",
"*bigdê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - garments of",
"*ʾalmənûtāh*": "noun, feminine singular construct + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her widowhood"
},
"variants": {
"*wattāqām*": "and she arose/got up/stood up",
"*wattēleḵ*": "and she went/departed/left",
"*wattāsar*": "and she removed/took off",
"*ṣəʿîpāh*": "her veil/shawl/covering",
"*wattilbaš*": "and she put on/wore/dressed in",
"*bigdê*": "garments/clothes",
"*ʾalmənûtāh*": "her widowhood/her widow's garments"
}
}