Ruth 1:5

biblecontext

{ "verseID": "Ruth.1.5", "source": "וַיָּמ֥וּתוּ גַם־שְׁנֵיהֶ֖ם מַחְל֣וֹן וְכִלְי֑וֹן וַתִּשָּׁאֵר֙ הָֽאִשָּׁ֔ה מִשְּׁנֵ֥י יְלָדֶ֖יהָ וּמֵאִישָֽׁהּ", "text": "And *wayyāmûṯû* also two of them, *maḥlôn* and *kilǝyôn*, and *wattiššāʾēr* the *hāʾiššāh* from two of *yəlāḏêhā* and from *ʾîšāh*", "grammar": { "*wayyāmûṯû*": "waw-consecutive + 3rd masculine plural imperfect of מות (to die) - and they died", "*maḥlôn*": "proper noun - Mahlon", "*kilǝyôn*": "proper noun - Kilion", "*wattiššāʾēr*": "waw-consecutive + 3rd feminine singular niphal imperfect of שאר (to remain) - and she remained/was left", "*hāʾiššāh*": "article + feminine singular noun - the woman", "*yəlāḏêhā*": "masculine plural noun + 3rd feminine singular possessive suffix - her children", "*ʾîšāh*": "masculine singular noun + 3rd feminine singular possessive suffix - her husband" }, "variants": { "*wattiššāʾēr*": "and she was left/remained behind", "*yəlāḏêhā*": "her children/sons/offspring" } }

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

וַיָּמ֥וּתוּ גַם־שְׁנֵיהֶ֖ם מַחְל֣וֹן וְכִלְי֑וֹן וַתִּשָּׁאֵר֙ הָֽאִשָּׁ֔ה מִשְּׁנֵ֥י יְלָדֶ֖יהָ וּמֵאִישָֽׁהּ

Transliteration

And wayyāmûṯû also two of them, maḥlôn and kilǝyôn, and wattiššāʾēr the hāʾiššāh from two of yəlāḏêhā and from ʾîšāh

Grammar Details

• *wayyāmûṯû*: waw-consecutive + 3rd masculine plural imperfect of מות (to die) - and they died
• *maḥlôn*: proper noun - Mahlon
• *kilǝyôn*: proper noun - Kilion
• *wattiššāʾēr*: waw-consecutive + 3rd feminine singular niphal imperfect of שאר (to remain) - and she remained/was left
• *hāʾiššāh*: article + feminine singular noun - the woman
• *yəlāḏêhā*: masculine plural noun + 3rd feminine singular possessive suffix - her children
• *ʾîšāh*: masculine singular noun + 3rd feminine singular possessive suffix - her husband

Word Meanings

• *wattiššāʾēr*: and she was left/remained behind
• *yəlāḏêhā*: her children/sons/offspring

Other Translations

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  Then both Mahlon and Kilion also died, and Naomi was left without her two sons and her husband.

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  And Mahlon and Chilion died also both of them; and the woman was left of her two sons and her husband.

• KJV1611 – Modern English

  And Mahlon and Chilion both died; and the woman was left without her two sons and her husband.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  And Mahlon and Chilion died also both of them; and the woman was left of her two sons and her husband.

• American Standard Version with Strong's Numbers

  And Mahlon{H4248} and Chilion{H3630} died{H4191} both{H8147} of them; and the woman{H802} was left{H7604} of her two{H8147} children{H3206} and of her husband.{H376}

• King James Version with Strong's Numbers

  And Mahlon{H4248} and Chilion{H3630} died{H4191}{(H8799)} also both{H8147} of them; and the woman{H802} was left{H7604}{(H8735)} of her two{H8147} sons{H3206} and her husband{H376}.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  they dyed both, Mahelon and Chilion, so that the woman remayned desolate of both hir sonnes and hir husbande.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  And Mahlon and Chilion dyed also both twaine: so the woman was left destitute of her two sonnes, and of her husband.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  And Mahlon & Chilion died also euen both of them, and the woman was left destitute of her two sonnes and of her husband.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  And Mahlon and Chilion died also both of them; and the woman was left of her two sons and her husband.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  Mahlon and Chilion died both of them; and the woman was left of her two children and of her husband.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  And they die also, both of them -- Mahlon and Chilion -- and the woman is left of her two children and of her husband.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  And Mahlon and Chilion died both of them; and the woman was left of her two children and of her husband.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  And Mahlon and Chilion died both of them; and the woman was left of her two children and of her husband.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  And Mahlon and Chilion came to their end; and the woman was without her two sons and her husband.

• World English Bible (2000)

  Mahlon and Chilion both died, and the woman was bereaved of her two children and of her husband.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  Then Naomi’s two sons, Mahlon and Kilion, also died. So the woman was left all alone– bereaved of her two children as well as her husband!

Referenced Verses

• Deut 32:39 : 39 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.32.39", "source": "רְא֣וּ ׀ עַתָּ֗ה כִּ֣י אֲנִ֤י אֲנִי֙ ה֔וּא וְאֵ֥ין אֱלֹהִ֖ים עִמָּדִ֑י אֲנִ֧י אָמִ֣ית וַאֲחַיֶּ֗ה מָחַ֙צְתִּי֙ וַאֲנִ֣י אֶרְפָּ֔א וְאֵ֥ין מִיָּדִ֖י מַצִּֽיל׃", "text": "*Rəʾû* now that *ʾănî* *ʾănî* *hûʾ*, and-there-is-no *ʾĕlōhîm* with-me; *ʾănî* *ʾāmîṯ* and-*ʾăḥayyeh*, *māḥaṣtî* and-*ʾănî* *ʾerpāʾ*, and-there-is-none from-my-hand *maṣṣîl*.", "grammar": { "*rəʾû*": "verb, qal imperative, masculine, plural - see/behold", "*ʿattāh*": "adverb - now", "*kî*": "conjunction - that/because", "*ʾănî*": "pronoun, 1st person, singular - I", "*ʾănî*": "pronoun, 1st person, singular - I", "*hûʾ*": "pronoun, 3rd person, masculine, singular - he", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*ʾên*": "particle of negation - there is no", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine, plural - gods/God", "*ʿimmāḏî*": "preposition with 1st person singular suffix - with me", "*ʾănî*": "pronoun, 1st person, singular - I", "*ʾāmîṯ*": "verb, hifil imperfect, 1st person singular - I kill", "*wa*": "conjunction - and", "*ʾăḥayyeh*": "verb, piel imperfect, 1st person singular - I make alive", "*māḥaṣtî*": "verb, qal perfect, 1st person singular - I have wounded", "*wa*": "conjunction - and", "*ʾănî*": "pronoun, 1st person, singular - I", "*ʾerpāʾ*": "verb, qal imperfect, 1st person singular - I heal", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*ʾên*": "particle of negation - there is none", "*miyyāḏî*": "preposition with noun, feminine, singular construct with 1st person singular suffix - from my hand", "*maṣṣîl*": "participle, hifil, masculine, singular - one who delivers/rescues" }, "variants": { "*rəʾû*": "see/behold/observe", "*ʾănî* *ʾănî* *hûʾ*": "I, even I, am he/I am the one", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "gods/God/deity", "*ʾāmîṯ*": "I kill/put to death", "*ʾăḥayyeh*": "I make alive/bring to life/revive", "*māḥaṣtî*": "I have wounded/struck/pierced", "*ʾerpāʾ*": "I heal/restore/make whole", "*maṣṣîl*": "one who delivers/rescues/saves" } }
• Ps 89:30-32 : 30 { "verseID": "Psalms.89.30", "source": "וְשַׂמְתִּי לָעַד זַרְעוֹ וְכִסְאוֹ כִּימֵי שָׁמָיִם", "text": "And-I-will-*śamtî* to-*lāʿad* *zarʿô* and-*kisʾô* like-*yᵉmê* *šāmāyim*", "grammar": { "*wᵉ-śamtî*": "conjunction + verb, qal perfect 1st person singular - and I will set", "*lā-ʿad*": "preposition + noun - to perpetuity", "*zarʿô*": "noun + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his seed", "*wᵉ-kisʾô*": "conjunction + noun + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - and his throne", "*ki-ymê*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural construct - like days of", "*šāmāyim*": "noun, masculine dual/plural - heavens" }, "variants": { "*śamtî*": "I will set/establish/appoint", "*lā-ʿad*": "forever/perpetually", "*zarʿô*": "his seed/offspring/descendants", "*kisʾô*": "his throne/royal authority", "*yᵉmê šāmāyim*": "days of heaven/eternal days" } } 31 { "verseID": "Psalms.89.31", "source": "אִם־יַעַזְבוּ בָנָיו תּוֹרָתִי וּבְמִשְׁפָּטַי לֹא יֵלֵכוּן", "text": "If-*yaʿazbû* *bānāyw* *tôrātî* and-in-*mišpāṭay* not *yēlēkûn*", "grammar": { "*ʾim-yaʿazbû*": "conjunction + verb, qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - if they forsake", "*bānāyw*": "noun + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his sons", "*tôrātî*": "noun + 1st person singular suffix - my law", "*û-bᵉ-mišpāṭay*": "conjunction + preposition + noun + 1st person singular suffix - and in my judgments", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*yēlēkûn*": "verb, qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - they walk" }, "variants": { "*yaʿazbû*": "they forsake/abandon/leave", "*bānāyw*": "his sons/children/descendants", "*tôrātî*": "my law/instruction/teaching", "*mišpāṭay*": "my judgments/ordinances/regulations", "*yēlēkûn*": "they walk/follow/obey" } } 32 { "verseID": "Psalms.89.32", "source": "אִם־חֻקֹּתַי יְחַלֵּלוּ וּמִצְוֺתַי לֹא יִשְׁמֹרוּ", "text": "If-*ḥuqqōtay* *yᵉḥallēlû* and-*miṣwōtay* not *yišmōrû*", "grammar": { "*ʾim-ḥuqqōtay*": "conjunction + noun + 1st person singular suffix - if my statutes", "*yᵉḥallēlû*": "verb, piel imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - they profane", "*û-miṣwōtay*": "conjunction + noun + 1st person singular suffix - and my commandments", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*yišmōrû*": "verb, qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - they keep" }, "variants": { "*ḥuqqōtay*": "my statutes/decrees/ordinances", "*yᵉḥallēlû*": "they profane/violate/defile", "*miṣwōtay*": "my commandments/precepts", "*yišmōrû*": "they keep/observe/guard" } }
• Isa 49:21 : 21 { "verseID": "Isaiah.49.21", "source": "וְאָמַ֣רְתְּ בִּלְבָבֵ֗ךְ מִ֤י יָֽלַד־לִי֙ אֶת־אֵ֔לֶּה וַאֲנִ֥י שְׁכוּלָ֖ה וְגַלְמוּדָ֑ה גֹּלָ֣ה ׀ וְסוּרָ֗ה וְאֵ֙לֶּה֙ מִ֣י גִדֵּ֔ל הֵ֤ן אֲנִי֙ נִשְׁאַ֣רְתִּי לְבַדִּ֔י אֵ֖לֶּה אֵיפֹ֥ה הֵֽם׃ פ", "text": "*Wə-ʾāmart* in-*liḇāḇēḵ*: who *yālaḏ*-to-me *ʾeṯ*-these, and-I *šəḵûlâ* *wə-galmûḏâ*, *gōlâ* *wə-sûrâ*? And-these who *giddēl*? *Hēn* I *nišʾartî* *ləḇaddî*; these, where are-they?", "grammar": { "*Wə-ʾāmart*": "conjunction + verb, qal perfect, 2nd feminine singular - and you will say", "*liḇāḇēḵ*": "noun, masculine singular + 2nd feminine singular suffix - your heart", "*yālaḏ*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - begot/bore", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*šəḵûlâ*": "adjective, feminine singular - bereaved/childless", "*wə-galmûḏâ*": "conjunction + adjective, feminine singular - and barren/desolate", "*gōlâ*": "verb, qal participle, feminine singular - exiled", "*wə-sûrâ*": "conjunction + verb, qal passive participle, feminine singular - and removed/turned aside", "*giddēl*": "verb, piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - raised/brought up", "*Hēn*": "interjection - behold/see", "*nišʾartî*": "verb, niphal perfect, 1st singular - I was left", "*ləḇaddî*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular + 1st singular suffix - by myself/alone" }, "variants": { "*ʾāmart*": "you will say/you will speak/you will think", "*liḇāḇēḵ*": "your heart/your mind/your inner self", "*yālaḏ*": "begot/bore/gave birth to", "*šəḵûlâ*": "bereaved/childless/having lost children", "*galmûḏâ*": "barren/desolate/solitary/abandoned", "*gōlâ*": "exiled/banished/removed", "*sûrâ*": "removed/turned aside/rejected", "*giddēl*": "raised/brought up/reared", "*nišʾartî*": "I was left/I remained/I was spared", "*ləḇaddî*": "by myself/alone/on my own" } }
• Jer 2:19 : 19 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.2.19", "source": "תְּיַסְּרֵ֣ךְ רָעָתֵ֗ךְ וּמְשֻֽׁבוֹתַ֙יִךְ֙ תּוֹכִחֻ֔ךְ וּדְעִ֤י וּרְאִי֙ כִּי־רַ֣ע וָמָ֔ר עָזְבֵ֖ךְ אֶת־יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהָ֑יִךְ וְלֹ֤א פַחְדָּתִי֙ אֵלַ֔יִךְ נְאֻם־אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהוִ֖ה צְבָאֽוֹת׃", "text": "*təyassərēk* *rāʿātēk* *ūməšubôtayik* *tôkiḥuk* *ūdəʿî* *ūrəʾî* *kî*-*raʿ* *wāmār* *ʿāzəbēk* *ʾet*-*YHWH* *ʾĕlōhāyik* *wəlōʾ* *paḥdātî* *ʾēlayik* *nəʾum*-*ʾădōnāy* *YHWH* *ṣəbāʾôt*", "grammar": { "*təyassərēk*": "imperfect Piel, 3rd feminine singular with 2nd feminine singular suffix - will discipline/chastise you", "*rāʿātēk*": "feminine singular noun with 2nd feminine singular suffix - your evil/wickedness", "*ūməšubôtayik*": "conjunction + feminine plural noun with 2nd feminine singular suffix - and your backslidings/apostasies", "*tôkiḥuk*": "imperfect Hiphil, 3rd feminine plural with 2nd feminine singular suffix - they will rebuke/reprove you", "*ūdəʿî*": "conjunction + imperative Qal, 2nd feminine singular - and know!", "*ūrəʾî*": "conjunction + imperative Qal, 2nd feminine singular - and see!", "*kî*": "conjunction - that/because/for", "*raʿ*": "adjective, masculine singular - evil/bad", "*wāmār*": "conjunction + adjective, masculine singular - and bitter", "*ʿāzəbēk*": "infinitive construct Qal with 2nd feminine singular suffix - your forsaking", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh/LORD", "*ʾĕlōhāyik*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd feminine singular suffix - your God", "*wəlōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*paḥdātî*": "perfect Qal, 3rd feminine singular - my fear/dread", "*ʾēlayik*": "preposition with 2nd feminine singular suffix - to/toward you", "*nəʾum*": "construct noun - declaration/oracle of", "*ʾădōnāy*": "divine title - Lord/Master", "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh/LORD", "*ṣəbāʾôt*": "feminine plural noun - hosts/armies" }, "variants": { "*təyassərēk*": "will discipline/chastise/correct/punish you", "*rāʿātēk*": "your evil/wickedness/calamity", "*məšubôtayik*": "your backslidings/apostasies/rebellions", "*tôkiḥuk*": "will rebuke/reprove/correct/convict you", "*raʿ*": "evil/bad/wicked/harmful", "*mār*": "bitter/painful/grievous", "*ʿāzəbēk*": "your forsaking/abandoning/leaving", "*paḥdātî*": "my fear/dread/terror", "*ṣəbāʾôt*": "hosts/armies/multitudes" } }
• Matt 22:25-27 : 25 { "verseID": "Matthew.22.25", "source": "Ἦσαν δὲ παρʼ ἡμῖν ἑπτὰ ἀδελφοί: καὶ ὁ πρῶτος, γάμησας, ἐτελεύτησεν, καὶ, μὴ ἔχων σπέρμα, ἀφῆκεν τὴν γυναῖκα αὐτοῦ τῷ ἀδελφῷ αὐτοῦ:", "text": "Now were with us *hepta* *adelphoi*: and the *prōtos*, having *gamēsas*, *eteleutēsen*, and, not *echōn* *sperma*, *aphēken* the *gynaika* of him to the *adelphō* of him:", "grammar": { "*hepta*": "numeral - seven", "*adelphoi*": "nominative, masculine, plural - brothers", "*prōtos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - first", "*gamēsas*": "aorist active participle, nominative, masculine, singular - having married", "*eteleutēsen*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person singular - died/came to an end", "*echōn*": "present active participle, nominative, masculine, singular - having", "*sperma*": "accusative, neuter, singular - seed/offspring", "*aphēken*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person singular - left/permitted", "*gynaika*": "accusative, feminine, singular - wife/woman", "*adelphō*": "dative, masculine, singular - to brother" }, "variants": { "*adelphoi*": "brothers/siblings", "*prōtos*": "first/foremost/chief", "*gamēsas*": "having married/taken a wife", "*eteleutēsen*": "died/came to an end/expired", "*sperma*": "seed/offspring/descendants", "*aphēken*": "left/permitted/released" } } 26 { "verseID": "Matthew.22.26", "source": "Ὁμοίως καὶ ὁ δεύτερος, καὶ ὁ τρίτος, ἕως τῶν ἑπτά.", "text": "*Homoiōs* also the *deuteros*, and the *tritos*, until the *hepta*.", "grammar": { "*Homoiōs*": "adverb - likewise/similarly", "*deuteros*": "nominative, masculine, singular - second", "*tritos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - third", "*hepta*": "genitive, masculine, plural - of seven (referring to brothers)" }, "variants": { "*Homoiōs*": "likewise/similarly/in the same way", "*deuteros*": "second", "*tritos*": "third" } } 27 { "verseID": "Matthew.22.27", "source": "Ὕστερον δὲ πάντων ἀπέθανεν καὶ ἡ γυνή.", "text": "*Hysteron* of *pantōn* *apethanen* also the *gynē*.", "grammar": { "*Hysteron*": "adverb - later/afterward", "*pantōn*": "genitive, masculine, plural - of all", "*apethanen*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person singular - died", "*gynē*": "nominative, feminine, singular - woman/wife" }, "variants": { "*Hysteron*": "later/afterward/at the end", "*apethanen*": "died/deceased", "*gynē*": "woman/wife" } }
• Luke 7:12 : 12 { "verseID": "Luke.7.12", "source": "Ὡς δὲ ἤγγισεν τῇ πύλῃ τῆς πόλεως, καὶ ἰδού, ἐξεκομίζετο τεθνηκώς, υἱὸς μονογενὴς τῇ μητρὶ αὐτοῦ, καὶ αὐτὴ ἦν χήρα: καὶ ὄχλος τῆς πόλεως ἱκανὸς ἦν σὺν αὐτῇ.", "text": "*Hōs de ēngisen tē pylē tēs poleōs, kai idou, exekomizeto tethnēkōs, huios monogenēs tē mētri autou, kai autē ēn chēra: kai ochlos tēs poleōs hikanos ēn syn autē*.", "grammar": { "*Hōs*": "temporal conjunction - when/as", "*de*": "postpositive conjunction - and/but/now", "*ēngisen*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd singular - drew near/approached", "*tē pylē*": "dative, feminine, singular - to the gate", "*tēs poleōs*": "genitive, feminine, singular - of the city", "*kai idou*": "conjunction + interjection - and behold", "*exekomizeto*": "imperfect passive indicative, 3rd singular - was being carried out", "*tethnēkōs*": "perfect active participle, nominative, masculine, singular - having died/dead", "*huios*": "nominative, masculine, singular - son", "*monogenēs*": "nominative, masculine, singular - only-begotten/only", "*tē mētri*": "dative, feminine, singular - to/for the mother", "*autou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of him/his", "*kai autē*": "conjunction + nominative, feminine, singular - and she", "*ēn*": "imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular - was", "*chēra*": "nominative, feminine, singular - widow", "*kai*": "conjunction - and", "*ochlos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - crowd", "*tēs poleōs*": "genitive, feminine, singular - of the city", "*hikanos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - considerable/large", "*ēn*": "imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular - was", "*syn autē*": "preposition + dative - with her" }, "variants": { "*ēngisen*": "drew near/approached/came close to", "*pylē*": "gate/entrance", "*exekomizeto*": "was being carried out/was being brought out for burial", "*tethnēkōs*": "having died/dead/deceased", "*monogenēs*": "only-begotten/only/unique", "*chēra*": "widow/bereaved woman" } }