Ezekiel 18:7

Bishops' Bible (1568)

Neither hath oppressed any man, but hath restored to the detter his pledge: he that hath not spoyled any by violence, hath geuen his bread to the hungry, and hath clothed the naked:

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

וְאִישׁ֙ לֹ֣א יוֹנֶ֔ה חֲבֹלָת֥וֹ חוֹב֙ יָשִׁ֔יב גְּזֵלָ֖ה לֹ֣א יִגְזֹ֑ל לַחְמוֹ֙ לְרָעֵ֣ב יִתֵּ֔ן וְעֵירֹ֖ם יְכַסֶּה־בָּֽגֶד׃

Transliteration

wə- ʾîš lōʾ yôneh ḥăbōlātô ḥôb yāšîb gəzēlāh lōʾ yigzōl laḥmô lə- rāʿēb yittēn wə- ʿêrōm yəkasseh-bāged

Grammar Details

• *wə-*: conjunction - and
• *ʾîš*: masculine singular noun - man
• *lōʾ*: negative particle - not
• *yôneh*: Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he oppresses
• *ḥăbōlātô*: feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his pledge
• *ḥôb*: masculine singular noun - debt
• *yāšîb*: Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he will return
• *gəzēlāh*: feminine singular noun - robbery, plunder
• *yigzōl*: Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he will rob
• *laḥmô*: masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his bread
• *lə-*: preposition - to
• *rāʿēb*: adjective masculine singular - hungry
• *yittēn*: Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he will give
• *ʿêrōm*: adjective masculine singular - naked
• *yəkasseh*: Piel imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he will cover
• *bāged*: masculine singular noun - garment, clothing

Word Meanings

• *yôneh*: oppresses/wrongs/mistreats
• *ḥăbōlāt*: pledge/security/thing taken in pledge
• *yāšîb*: returns/restores/gives back
• *gəzēlāh*: robbery/plunder/thing taken by force

Referenced Verses

• Ezek 18:16 : 16 Neither hath oppressed any, nor hath withholden the pledge, neither hath spoiled by violence: but hath geuen his bread to the hungry, and hath couered the naked with a garment:
• Exod 22:26 : 26 If thou take thy neyghbours rayment to pledge, thou shalt deliuer it vnto him by that the sunne go downe.
• Ezek 18:12 : 12 Or hath oppressed the poore and needie, or spoyled by violence, or hath not restored the pledge, or hath lyft vp his eyes vnto the idols, or hath committed abomination:
• Ezek 33:15 : 15 Insomuch that the same wicked man geueth the pledge againe, restoreth that he had take away by robbery, walketh in the commaundementes of lyfe, and doth none iniquitie: then shall he surely lyue and not dye.
• Deut 24:12-13 : 12 Furthermore, if it be a poore body, thou shalt not sleepe with his pledge: 13 But deliuer hym the pledge agayne when the sunne goeth downe, that he may sleepe in his owne raiment, & blesse thee: And it shalbe righteousnes vnto thee before the Lorde thy Lorde.
• Ezek 18:18 : 18 As for his father, because he hath cruelly oppressed and spoyled his brother by violence, and hath not done good among his people, lo he dyeth in his owne sinne.
• Amos 2:8 : 8 And they lye vpon clothes layde to pledge by euery aulter: and in the house of their god, they drinke the wine of the condempned.
• Amos 3:10 : 10 For they know not to do right, sayth the Lorde, they store vp violence and robberie in their palaces.
• Luke 3:11 : 11 He aunswereth, and sayth vnto them: He that hath two coates, let him part with hym that hath none: and he that hath meate, let hym do lykewyse.
• 2 Cor 8:7-9 : 7 Nowe therefore as ye are riche in all thinges, in fayth, in worde, in knowledge, in all feruentnesse, and in loue, which ye haue to vs: euen so, see that ye be plenteous in this grace also. 8 This say I not by commaundement, but because of ye feruentnesse of other, & alowing the vnfaynednes of your loue. 9 For ye knowe the grace of our Lorde Iesus Christ, that though he was rich, yet for your sakes he became poore, that ye through his pouertie might be made rich.
• 2 Cor 9:6-9 : 6 This yet I say he which soweth litle, shall reape litle: and he that soweth in geuyng largely and freely, shall reape plenteouslie. 7 Let euery man do, accordyng as he hath purposed in his heart, not grudgyngly, or of necessitie: For God loueth a chearefull geuer. 8 God is able to make you riche in all grace, that ye in all thynges hauyng sufficient vnto the vtmost, may be riche vnto all maner of good workes, 9 As it is written: He hath sparsed abrode, and hath geuen to the poore, his ryghteousnesse remayneth for euer. 10 He that ministreth seede vnto ye sower, ministreth bread also for foode, and multiplieth your seede, and encreaseth the fruites of your ryghteousnesse: 11 That in all thynges ye may be made riche into all singlenesse, which causeth through vs, that thankes are geuen vnto God. 12 For the administration of this seruice, not only supplieth ye neede of the saintes: but also is aboundaunt by the thankes geuyng of many vnto God, 13 Which by the experiment of this ministration, prayse God for the obedience of your consentyng to the Gospell of Christe, and for your singlenesse in distributyng to them, and to all men: 14 And by their prayers for you, which long after you, for the aboundaunt grace of God in you.
• Jas 2:13-17 : 13 For he shall haue iudgement without mercie, that sheweth no mercie: And mercie reioyceth agaynst iudgement. 14 What profiteth it my brethren, though a man say he hath fayth, and hath not deedes? Can fayth saue hym? 15 If a brother or a sister be naked, and destitute of dayly foode, 16 And one of you say vnto them, depart in peace, be you warmed and fylled: notwithstandyng, ye geue them not those thinges which are nedefull to, the body, what shall it profite? 17 Euen so, fayth, yf it haue not deedes, is dead in it selfe:
• Jas 5:1-6 : 1 Go to nowe ye riche men, weepe and howle on your wretchednesse that shall come vpon you. 2 Your riches is corrupt, your garmentes are motheaten: 3 Your golde and siluer is cankred, and the rust of them shalbe a witnesse agaynst you, and shall eate your fleshe as it were fyre. Ye haue heaped treasure together in your last dayes. 4 Beholde, the hire of labourers, which haue reaped downe your fieldes, which hire is of you kept backe by fraude, cryeth: and the cryes of them which haue reaped, are entred into the eares of the Lorde Sabaoth. 5 Ye haue liued in pleasure on the earth, and ben wanton: Ye haue nourisshed your heartes, as in a day of slaughter. 6 Ye haue condempned and kylled the iust, and he hath not resisted you.
• 1 John 3:16-19 : 16 Hereby perceaue we loue, because he layde downe his lyfe for vs, & we ought to lay downe our lyues for the brethren. 17 But who so hath this worldes good, and seeth his brother haue neede, and shutteth vp his compassion from hym: howe dwelleth the loue of God in hym? 18 My babes, let vs not loue in worde, neither in tongue: but in deede and in veritie. 19 Hereby we knowe that we are of the trueth, and shall assure our heartes before hym.
• Gen 6:11-12 : 11 The earth also was corrupt before God, and the same earth was fylled with crueltie. 12 And God loked vpon the earth, and beholde it was corrupt: for all fleshe had corrupt his way vpon earth.
• Exod 22:21-24 : 21 Uexe not a straunger, neither oppresse him: for ye were straungers in the land of Egypt. 22 Ye shall trouble no wydowe nor fatherlesse chylde. 23 If ye shall euyll entreate them, and they crye out vnto me, I wyll surelye heare theyr crye. 24 And then wyl my wrath waxe hotte, and I wyll kyll you with the sworde, & your wyues shalbe widowes, and your chyldren fatherlesse.
• Amos 5:11-12 : 11 Forasmuch then as your treading is vpon the poore, and ye take from hym burdens of wheate: ye haue buylt houses of hewen stone, but ye shall not dwell in them: ye haue planted pleasaunt vineyardes, but ye shall not drinke wine of them. 12 For I knowe your manyfolde transgressions, and your mightie sinnes: they afflict the iust, they take rewardes, and they oppresse the poore in the gate.
• Amos 6:3 : 3 Ye that put farre away the euyll day, and approche to the seate of iniquitie.
• Amos 8:4-6 : 4 Heare this, O ye that swallow vp the poore, that ye may make the needy of the lande to fayle, 5 Saying, When will the new moneth be gone, that we may sell corne? & the Sabbath, that we may set foorth wheate, and make the Epha small, & the sicle great, & falsifie the wayghtes by deceite? 6 That we may bie the poore for siluer, and the needy for shoes, yea and sell the refuse of the wheate?
• Mic 2:1 : 1 Wo vnto them that imagine iniquitie, and worke wickednesse vpon their beddes: when the morning is light they practise it, because their hande hath power.
• Mic 3:2 : 2 But they hate the good, and loue the euill, they plucke of their skinnes from them, and their fleshe from their bones.
• Zeph 1:9 : 9 In the same day also will I visite all those that leape ouer the thresholde so proudly, whiche fill their lordes house with robberie and falshood.
• Zech 7:9-9 : 9 Thus saith the Lord of hoastes: Execute true iudgement, shew mercie & louing kindnes euery man to his brother. 10 Do the wydow, the fatherlesse, the straungers and poore no wrong, and let no man imagine euil against his brother in his heart. 11 Neuerthelesse, they would not take heede, but turned their backes, & stopped their eares that they should not heare:
• Mal 3:5 : 5 And I wyl come neare to you in iudgement, and I wyll be a swyft witnesse against the soothsayers, and against the adulterers, and against false swearers, and against those that wrongfully keepe backe the hirelynges wages, and vexe the widowe and the fatherlesse, and oppresse the straunger, and feare not me, saith the Lorde of hoastes.
• Matt 25:34-46 : 34 Then shall the king say vnto them on his right hande: Come ye blessed of my father, inherite the kyngdome, prepared for you from the foundation of the worlde. 35 For I was an hungred, and ye gaue me meate: I was thirstie, and ye gaue me drynke: I was harbourlesse, and ye toke me in: 36 Naked, and ye clothed me: Sicke, and ye visited me: I was in pryson, and ye came vnto me. 37 Then shall the ryghteous aunswere hym, saying: Lorde, when sawe we thee an hungred, & fedde thee? or thirstie and gaue thee drynke? 38 When sawe we thee harbourlesse, and toke thee in? or naked, and clothed thee? 39 Or when sawe we thee sicke, or in prison, and came vnto thee? 40 And the kyng shall aunswere, and say vnto them: Ueryly I say vnto you, in as much as ye haue done it vnto one of the least of these my brethren, ye haue done it vnto me. 41 Then shall he saye vnto them on the left hande: Depart from me ye cursed into euerlasting fire, which is prepared for the deuyll and his angels. 42 For I was an hungred, and ye gaue me no meate: I was thirstie, and ye gaue me no drynke. 43 I was harbourlesse, and ye toke me not in: I was naked, and ye clothed me not: I was sicke, and in prison, and ye visited me not. 44 Then shall they also aunswere hym, saying: Lorde, when sawe we thee an hungred, or a thirste, or harbourlesse, or naked, or sicke, or in pryson, and did not minister vnto thee? 45 Then shall he aunswere them, saying: Ueryly I say vnto you, in as much as ye dyd it not to one of the least of these, ye dyd it not to me. 46 And these shall go into euerlastyng payne: the ryghteous into lyfe eternall.
• Ezek 22:12-13 : 12 Yea giftes haue ben receaued in thee to shed blood, thou hast taken vsurie and encrease, thou hast oppressed thy neighbours by extortion, and forgotten me, saith the Lorde God. 13 Beholde, I haue smitten my handes vpon thy couetousnesse that thou hast vsed, and vpon the blood which hath ben shed in thee.
• Ezek 22:27-29 : 27 Thy rulers in thee are lyke woolues rauenyng the pray, to shed blood, and destroy soules, for their owne couetous lucre. 28 As for her prophetes, they daube with vntempered morter, they see vanities, and diuine lyes vnto them, saying, The Lorde saith so: wheras the Lorde hath not spoken. 29 The people in the lande vsed wicked extortion and robbery, they vexe the poore and needy, and oppresse the straunger agaynst right.
• Exod 23:9 : 9 Thou shalt not oppresse a straunger: for ye know the heart of a straunger, seyng ye were straungers in the lande of Egypt.
• Lev 19:15 : 15 Ye shall do no vnrighteousnesse in iudgement, thou shalt not fauour the person poore, nor honour the person mightie, but in righteousnes shalt thou iudge thy neighbour.
• Lev 25:14 : 14 If thou sellest ought vnto thy neyghbour, or byest ought of thy neyghbours hande, ye shal not oppresse one another.
• Deut 15:7-9 : 7 If one of thy brethren among you be poore within any of thy gates in thy lande which the Lorde thy God geueth thee: thou shalt not harden thine heart, nor shut to thine hande from thy poore brother: 8 But thou shalt open thine hande vnto hym, and lende hym sufficient for his neede which he hath. 9 Beware that there be not a wicked thought in thine heart, that thou wouldest say, the seuenth yere, the yere of freedome is at hande: and therfore it greeueth thee to loke on thy poore brother, and geuest hym naught, and he then crye vnto the Lorde agaynst thee, and it be sinne vnto thee: 10 Thou shalt geue hym, and let it not greeue thine heart to geue vnto hym: Because that for this thyng the Lorde thy God shall blesse thee in all thy workes, and in all that thou puttest thine hande to. 11 The lande shall neuer be without poore: and therfore I comaunde thee, saying, Thou shalt open thine hande vnto thy brother that is needy & poore in thy lande.
• Deut 24:17 : 17 Thou shalt not peruert the ryght of the strauger, nor of the fatherlesse, nor take a wydowes rayment to pledge:
• 1 Sam 12:3-4 : 3 Beholde here I am, beare recorde of me before the Lorde & before his annoynted: Whose oxe haue I taken? or whose asse haue I taken? whom haue I done wrong to? Whom haue I hurt? Or of whose hande haue I receaued any bribe, to blind myne eyes therwith? and I will restore it you. 4 They sayde: Thou hast done vs no wrong, nor hurt vs, neither hast thou taken ought of any mans hande.
• Job 22:6 : 6 For thou hast taken the pledge from thy brother for naught, and robbed the naked of their clothing.
• Job 24:3 : 3 They driue away the asse of the fatherlesse, and take the wydowes oxe for a pledge:
• Job 24:9 : 9 They plucke the fatherlesse from the brest, and take the pledge from the poore.
• Job 31:13-22 : 13 If I euer thought scorne to do right vnto my seruauntes & maydens, when they had any matter against me: 14 When God will sit in iudgement, what shall I do? & when he will visite me, what aunswere shal I geue him? 15 He that fashioned me in my mothers wombe, made he not him also? were we not both shapen a like in our mothers bodies? 16 If I denied the poore of their desire, or haue caused the eyes of the wydow to wayte in vayne: 17 If I haue eaten my morsell alone, that ye fatherlesse hath not eaten therof: 18 (For from my youth it hath growen vp with me as with a father, and from my mothers wombe I haue ben guyde to the wydowe) 19 If I haue seene any perishe for want of clothing, or any poore for lake of rayment: 20 If his loynes haue not blessed me, because he was warmed with the fleece of my sheepe: 21 If I haue lift vp mine hand against the fatherlesse, when I sawe that I might helpe him in the gate: 22 Then let myne arme fall fro my shoulder, and myne arme holes be broken from the bone.
• Ps 41:1 : 1 To the chiefe musition, a psalme of Dauid. Blessed is he that considereth ye poore: God wyll delyuer hym in the tyme of trouble.
• Ps 112:4 : 4 There ariseth vp light in the darknes: vnto them that deale vprightly he is merciful, and louing, and righteous.
• Ps 112:9 : 9 He hath distributed abrode, he hath geuen to the poore: his righteousnes remayneth for euer, his horne shalbe exalted with glory.
• Prov 3:31 : 31 Folowe not a wicked man, and chose none of his wayes:
• Prov 11:24-25 : 24 Some man geueth out his goodes and is the richer: but the niggarde hauyng inough, wyll depart from nothyng, and yet is euer in pouertie. 25 He that is liberall in geuyng, shall haue plentie: and he that watereth, shalbe watered also hym selfe.
• Prov 14:31 : 31 He that doth a poore man wrong, blasphemeth his maker: but who so honoureth him, hath pitie on the poore.
• Prov 22:22-23 : 22 Rob not the poore, because he is poore: and oppresse not the simple in iudgement: 23 For the Lorde him selfe wyll defende their cause, and do violence vnto them that haue vsed violence.
• Prov 28:8 : 8 He that by vsurie and vniust gaynes gathereth riches: he shall lay them in store for a man that will pitie the poore.
• Prov 28:27 : 27 He that geueth vnto the poore shall not lacke: but he that hydeth his eyes from them, shall haue many a curse.
• Isa 1:17 : 17 Learne to do well, applie your selues to equitie, deliuer the oppressed, helpe the fatherlesse to his ryght, let the widdowes complaynt come before you:
• Isa 5:7 : 7 As for the vineyarde of the Lorde of hoastes, it is the house of Israel: and the man of Iuda, the plant of his pleasure: Of these he loked for equitie, but see there is oppression for ryghteousnesse, and lo it is a crying.
• Isa 33:15 : 15 He that leadeth a godly life, and speaketh the trueth, he that abhorreth gaynes by violence and deceipt, he that kepeth his hande that he touche no rewarde, which stoppeth his eares that he heare no counsayle agaynst the innocent blood, which holdeth downe his eyes that he see no euyll:
• Isa 58:6-9 : 6 Doth not this fasting rather please me, That thou lose the wicked bands, that thou take of the ouer heauie burthens, that thou let the oppressed go free, and breake all maner of yoke? 7 To deale thy bread to the hungrie, and to bring the poore wandering home into thy house? when thou seest the naked that thou couer hym, and hide not thy selfe from thy neighbour, and despise not thyne owne fleshe? 8 Then shall thy light breake foorth as the morning, and thy health florishe right shortly: righteousnesse shall go before thee, and the glory of the Lorde shall embrace thee. 9 Then if thou callest, the Lorde shall aunswere thee, if thou cryest, he shall say, here I am: yea if thou layest away from thee thy burthens, and holdest thy fingers, and ceassest from vngracious talking: 10 If thou hast compassion vpon the hungrie, and refreshest the troubled soule: then shall thy light spring out in the darknesse, and thy darknesse shalbe as the noone day. 11 The Lorde shall euer be thy guyde, and satisfie the desire of thyne heart in the tyme of drought, and fill thy bones with mary: Thou shalt be like a freshe watred garden, and like the fountaine of water that neuer leaueth running.
• Isa 59:6-7 : 6 Their webbe maketh no cloth, and they may not couer them with their labours: their deedes are the deedes of wickednesse, and the worke of robberie is in their handes. 7 Their feete runne to euyll, and they make haste to shed innocent blood: their counsels are wicked counsels, harme and destruction are in their wayes.
• Jer 7:6-7 : 6 Oppresse not the straunger, the fatherlesse, and the widowe, shed not innocent blood in this place, cleaue not to straunge gods to your owne destruction: 7 Then wyll I let you dwell in this place, yea in the land that I gaue afore tyme to your fathers for euer.
• Jer 22:3 : 3 Thus the Lord comaundeth: Kepe equitie and righteousnesse, deliuer the oppressed from the power of the violent, do not greeue nor oppresse the straunger, the fatherlesse, nor the widowe, and shed no innocent blood in this place.
• Jer 22:16-17 : 16 Yea, when he helped the oppressed and poore to their right, then prospered he well: From whence came this, but onlye because he knewe me, saith the Lorde? 17 Neuerthelesse, as for thyne eyes and thyne heart they loke vpon couetousnesse, to shed innocent blood, to do wrong and violence.
• Ezek 7:23 : 23 Make a chayne: for the lande is full of the iudgement of blood, and the citie is full of extortion.
• Amos 2:6 : 6 Thus sayth the Lorde, For three wickednesses of Israel, and for foure I wil not spare hym: because they solde the righteous for siluer, and the poore for a paire of shoes.