Isaiah 24:5

Bishops' Bible (1568)

The earth also is become vnprofitable vnder the inhabitours therof, which haue transgressed the lawes, chaunged the ordinaunce, broken the euerlastyng couenaunt.

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

וְהָאָ֥רֶץ חָנְפָ֖ה תַּ֣חַת יֹשְׁבֶ֑יהָ כִּֽי־עָבְר֤וּ תוֹרֹת֙ חָ֣לְפוּ חֹ֔ק הֵפֵ֖רוּ בְּרִ֥ית עוֹלָֽם׃

Transliteration

And-the-ʾāreṣ ḥānəpāh taḥat yōšəbehā kî-ʿābərû tôrōt ḥāləpû ḥōq hēpērû bərît ʿôlām

Grammar Details

• *ʾāreṣ*: common noun, feminine singular with definite article - the earth/land
• *ḥānəpāh*: Qal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - is polluted/defiled
• *taḥat*: preposition - under/beneath
• *yōšəbehā*: Qal participle, masculine plural construct with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - its inhabitants
• *kî*: conjunction - for/because
• *ʿābərû*: Qal perfect, 3rd person common plural - they have transgressed
• *tôrōt*: common noun, feminine plural - laws/teachings/instructions
• *ḥāləpû*: Qal perfect, 3rd person common plural - they have violated/changed
• *ḥōq*: common noun, masculine singular - statute/decree/ordinance
• *hēpērû*: Hiphil perfect, 3rd person common plural - they have broken
• *bərît*: common noun, feminine singular construct - covenant of
• *ʿôlām*: common noun, masculine singular - everlasting/perpetuity

Word Meanings

• *ḥānəpāh*: is polluted/is defiled/is profaned
• *taḥat*: under/beneath/because of
• *ʿābərû*: have transgressed/have violated/have passed over
• *tôrōt*: laws/teachings/instructions
• *ḥāləpû*: have violated/have changed/have altered
• *ḥōq*: statute/decree/ordinance/boundary
• *hēpērû*: have broken/have annulled/have made void
• *bərît ʿôlām*: everlasting covenant/eternal agreement/perpetual treaty

Referenced Verses

• Num 35:33-34 : 33 So ye shall not pollute the lande whiche ye shall dwell in, for blood defileth the lande: and the lande can not be clensed of the blood that is shed therin, but by the blood of hym that shed blood. 34 Defile not therefore the lande whiche ye shal inhabite, for I am in the middes therof: euen I the Lord dwell among the chyldren of Israel.
• Dan 7:25 : 25 And he shall speake wordes against the highest of all, he shall destroy the high sainctes, and thinke that he may chaunge times and lawes: they shalbe geuen into his hande vntill a time, and times, and the deuiding of a time.
• Rom 8:20-21 : 20 Because the creature is subiect to vanitie, not wyllyng, but for hym which hath subdued the same in hope. 21 For the same creature shalbe made free from the bondage of corruptio, into the glorious libertie of ye sonnes of God.
• Heb 9:1 : 1 The first couenaunt then had verylye iustifiyng ordinaunces, seruinges of God, and worldlye holynesse.
• Heb 13:20 : 20 The God of peace, that brought agayne from the dead our Lorde Iesus the great sheephearde of the sheepe, through the blood of the euerlasting couenaunt,
• Dan 9:5 : 5 We haue sinned and haue committed iniquitie, and haue done wickedly, yea we haue rebelled, & haue departed from thy preceptes, & from thy iudgementes.
• Dan 9:10 : 10 And we haue not obeyed the voyce of the Lorde our God, to walke in his lawes which he layde before vs, by the hande of his seruauntes the prophetes.
• Mic 2:10 : 10 Up, get you hence, for here shall ye haue no rest: because the lande is defiled, it shall destroy you which vtter destruction.
• Mark 7:7-9 : 7 Howebeit, in vayne do they worship me, teachyng doctrines, the commaundementes of men. 8 For ye laye the commaundement of God apart, and obserue the tradition of me: as the wasshing of pottes & cuppes. And many other such like thinges ye do. 9 And he sayde vnto them: Well, ye cast asyde the commaundement of God, to mayntayne your owne tradition.
• Luke 1:6 : 6 They were both ryghteous before God, and walked in all the lawes and ordinaunces of the Lorde, that no man coulde fynde fault with them.
• Gen 3:17-18 : 17 Unto Adam he sayde: Because thou hast hearkened vnto the voyce of thy wyfe, and hast eaten of the tree concernyng the whiche I commaunded thee, saying, thou shalt not eate of it, cursed is the grounde for thy sake, in sorowe shalt thou eate of it all the dayes of thy lyfe. 18 Thorne also and thistle shall it bryng foorth to thee, and thou shalt eate the hearbe of the fielde.
• Gen 6:11-13 : 11 The earth also was corrupt before God, and the same earth was fylled with crueltie. 12 And God loked vpon the earth, and beholde it was corrupt: for all fleshe had corrupt his way vpon earth. 13 And God sayd vnto Noah: the ende of all fleshe is come before me, for the earth is fylled with crueltie through them, and beholde I wyl destroy them with the earth.
• Gen 17:13-14 : 13 He that is borne in thy house, and he also that is bought with money, must needes be circumcised: & my couenaut shalbe in your fleshe for an euerlastyng couenaunt. 14 And the vncircumcised manchylde, in whose fleshe the foreskyn is not circumcised, that soule shalbe cut of from his people, because he hath broken my couenaunt.
• Lev 18:24-28 : 24 Ye shall not defile your selues in any of these thinges: for in all these, the nations are defiled whiche I cast out before you. 25 Wherthrough the lande is defiled, and I wyll visite the wyckednesse thereof vpon it, yea and the lande it selfe hath vomited out her inhabitauntes. 26 Ye shall kepe therfore mine ordinaunces and my iudgementes, and commit none of these abhominations, neither any of your owne nation, nor any strauger that soiourneth among you: 27 (For all these abhominations, haue the men of the lande done whiche were before you, and the lande is defiled.) 28 Shall not the lande spewe you out also if ye defile it, as it spewed out the nations that were before you?
• Lev 20:22 : 22 Ye shall kepe therefore all myne ordinaunces, and all my iudgementes, and do them: that the lande whyther I bryng you to dwell therein, spewe you not out.
• Deut 32:15 : 15 But he that shoulde haue ben vpright, when he waxed fat, spurned with his heele: Thou art well fed, thou art growen thicke, thou art euen laden with fatnesse: And he forsoke God his maker, and regarded not the God of his saluation.
• Deut 32:20 : 20 And he sayde: I wyll hyde my face from them, and wil see what their ende shalbe: For they are a very frowarde generation, childre in whom is no faith.
• Josh 24:25 : 25 And so Iosuah made a couenaut with the people the same day, and set an ordinaunce & lawe before them in Sichem.
• 2 Sam 23:5 : 5 For so shal not my house be with God: For he hath made with me an euerlasting couenaunt, perfect and sure in all poyntes: and this is truly all my health, and all my desyre, that it growe, but not as grasse.
• 2 Kgs 17:7-9 : 7 For it came to passe, that the children of Israel sinned against the Lord their God which had brought them out of the land of Egypt, from vnder the hand of Pharao king of Egypt, and feared other gods. 8 And they walked in the ceremonies of the heathen whom the Lorde cast out before the children of Israel, and in the 9 And the children of Israel went about to hide those thinges that were not wel from the Lorde their God: And they buylt them hygh places in all their cities, both in the towres where they kept watch, and also in the strong townes: 10 And they made the images & groues in euery hye hill, & vnder euery thicke tree. 11 And there they burnt incense in all the hygh places, as did the heathen whom the Lord caryed away before them, and wrought wicked thinges to anger the Lorde withall: 12 For they serued most vile idols, wherof the Lorde had sayd vnto them: Ye shall do no such thing. 13 And the Lorde testified in Israel and in Iuda by all the prophetes and by all the sears, saying: Turne from your wicked wayes, and kepe my commaundementes and my statutes, according to all the law which I commaunded your fathers, and which I sent to you by my seruauntes the prophetes. 14 Nothwithstanding they woulde not heare, but rather hardened their neckes, lyke to the stubburnesse of their fathers, that dyd not beleue in the Lorde their God. 15 For they refused his statutes, and his appoyntment that he made with their fathers, and the witnesses wherwith he witnessed vnto them, and they folowed vanitie, and became vayne, and went after the heathen that were round about them, concerning whom the Lorde had charged them that they shoulde not do lyke them. 16 But they left al the commaundemetes of the Lord their God, and made them images of metal, euen two calues, and made idol groues, & worshipped all the hoast of heauen, and serued Baal. 17 And they sacrificed their sonnes and their daughters in fire, and vsed witchcraftes, & enchauntmentes, euen selling them selues to worke wickednesse in the sight of the Lorde, and to anger him. 18 And the Lorde was exceeding wroth with Israel, & put them out of his sight, that there was left but the tribe of Iuda onely. 19 Neuerthelesse, Iuda also kept not the commaundementes of the Lorde their God, but walked in the ceremonies of Israel whiche they made. 20 And the Lord cast of all the seede of Israel, and vexed them, & deliuered them into the handes of spoylers, vntil he had rast them out of his sight. 21 For he cut of Israel from the house of Dauid, and made them a king, euen Ieroboam the sonne of Nabat: And Ieroboam drewe Israel away that they shoulde not folowe the Lorde, and made them sinne a great sinne. 22 For the children of Israel walked in all the sinnes of Ieroboam whiche he dyd, and departed not therfrom, 23 Untill the Lord put Israel away out of his sight, as he had sayd by all his seruauntes the prophetes: And so was Israel caried away out of their owne land to Assyria euen vnto this day.
• 2 Kgs 22:13-17 : 13 Go ye and enquire of the Lord for me, and for the people, and for al Iuda, concerning the wordes of this booke that is founde: For great is the wrath of the Lord that is kyndled against vs, because our fathers haue not hearkened vnto the wordes of this booke, to do according vnto al that which is written therin for vs. 14 So Helkia the hye priest and Ahikam, Achbor, and Saphan, and Asahia, went vnto Hulda the prophetisse the wyfe of Sallum the sonne of Thikua the sonne of Harhas keper of the wardrope: (which prophetisse dwelt in Hierusalem in the house of the doctrine:) & they communed with her. 15 And she aunswered them: thus sayth the Lorde God of Israel, Tell the man that sent you to me, 16 Thus sayth the Lorde: Behold, I wil bring euyll vpon this place, and on the inhabiters therof, euen all the wordes of the booke whiche the king of Iuda hath read: 17 Because they haue forsaken me, and haue burnt incense vnto other gods, to anger me with all the workes of their handes: My wrath also shalbe kindled against this place, and shall not be quenched.
• 2 Kgs 23:26-27 : 26 Notwithstanding, the Lorde turned not from the fiercenesse of his great wrath wherewith he was angry against Iuda, because of all the prouocations that Manasse had prouoked him withall. 27 And the Lorde sayde: I wyll put Iuda also out of my sight, as I haue done away Israel, and wyll cast of this citie Hierusalem which I haue chosen, and the house of which I sayde, My name shall be there.
• 2 Chr 33:9 : 9 And so Manasse made Iuda and the inhabiters of Hierusalem to erre, and to do worse then the heathen whom the Lord destroyed before the children of Israel.
• Ezra 9:6-7 : 6 And sayde: My God, I am ashamed, and dare not lift vp myne eyes vnto thee my God: for our wickednesses are growen ouer our head, and our trespasse is waxed great vnto the heauen. 7 Since the time of our fathers haue we ben in great trespasse vnto this day, and because of our wickednesses haue we and our kinges and our priestes ben deliuered into the hande of the kinges of the nations, vnto the sworde, into captiuitie, into a spoyle, and into confusion of face, as it is to see this day.
• Ps 55:5 : 5 Fearefulnes and trembling are come vpon me: and an horrible dread hath ouerwhelmed me.
• Ps 105:10 : 10 And he appointed the same vnto Iacob for a law: and to Israel for an euerlasting couenaunt.
• Ps 106:36-39 : 36 Insomuch that they dyd seruice vnto their idols: whiche were to the a snare. 37 Yea they sacrifised their sonnes: and their daughters vnto deuils. 38 And they shed innocent blood, euen the blood of their sonnes and of their daughters: whom they sacrifised vnto the idols of Chanaan, and the lande was defiled with blood. 39 Thus were they stayned with their owne workes: and went a whoryng with their owne inuentions.
• Isa 1:2-5 : 2 Heare O heauens, and hearken O earth: for the Lorde hath spoken, I haue norished and brought vp children, and they haue done vnfaithfully against me. 3 The oxe hath knowen his owner, and the asse his maisters cribbe: but Israel hath not knowen, my people hath geuen no heede. 4 Ah sinnefull nation, a people laden with iniquitie, a seede of the wicked, corrupt children: they haue forsaken the Lorde, they haue prouoked the holy one of Israel vnto anger, they are gone backwarde. 5 Why shoulde ye be stricken any more? for ye are euer fallyng away: euery head is diseased, and euery heart heauy:
• Isa 10:6 : 6 I wyll sende hym among those hypocritishe people: among the people that haue deserued my disfauour wyll I sende hym, that he vtterly rob them, spoyle them, and treade them downe lyke the myre in the streete.
• Isa 50:1 : 1 Thus saith the Lorde: Where is the byll of your mothers deuorcement whom I sent away? or who is the vsurer to whom I solde you? Beholde, for your offences are ye solde, and because of your transgression is your mother forsaken.
• Isa 59:1-3 : 1 Beholde, the Lordes hande is not so shortened that it can not helpe, neither is his eare so stopped that it may not heare: 2 But your misdeedes haue seperated you from your God, and your sinnes hyde his face from you, that he heareth you not. 3 For your handes are defiled with blood, and your fingers with vnrighteousnesse: your lippes speake leasinges, and your tongue setteth out wickednesse.
• Isa 59:12-15 : 12 For our offences are many before thee, and our sinnes testifie against vs: yea we must confesse that we offende, and knowledge that we do amisse, 13 namely transgresse and dissemble against the Lorde, and fall away from our God, vsing presumpteous and trayterous imaginations, and casting false matters in our heartes. 14 And therefore is equitie gone aside, and righteousnesse standeth farre of, trueth is fallen downe in the streete, and the thing that is playne and open, may not be shewed. 15 Yea the trueth is taken away, and he that refraineth hym selfe from euyll, must be spoyled: When the Lorde sawe this, it displeased hym sore that there was no equitie.
• Jer 3:1-2 : 1 Commonly when a man putteth away his wyfe, and she goeth from hym & maryeth with another, then the question is: shoulde he resort vnto her any more after that? (Is not that lande then defiled and vncleane?) But as for thee thou hast played the harlot with many louers, yet turne agayne to me, saith the Lorde. 2 Lift vp thine eyes to the hygh places, and loke where thou hast not ben defiled: Thou hast wayted for them in the streetes, and as a murtherer in the wildernesse, through thy whoredome and shamefull blasphemies is the lande defiled.
• Jer 50:5 : 5 They shall aske the way to Sion, thither shall they turne their faces, saying: Come, and we wyll cleaue to the Lorde in a couenaunt that neuer shalbe broken.
• Ezek 7:20-24 : 20 He had also set the beautie of his ornament in maiestie: but they made images of their abhominations and fylthinesses in it, therfore haue I set it farre from them. 21 Moreouer, I wyll geue it into the handes of straungers to be spoyled, & to the wicked of the earth for to be robbed, and they shall pollute it. 22 My face wyll I turne from them, my secrete place shalbe defiled: for burglers shall go into it and pollute it. 23 Make a chayne: for the lande is full of the iudgement of blood, and the citie is full of extortion. 24 Wherfore I wyll bryng the most wicked of the heathen to take their houses in possession, I wyll make the pompe of the mightie to ceasse, and their sanctuaries shalbe defyled.
• Ezek 20:13 : 13 And yet the house of Israel rebelled agaynst me in the wildernesse, they woulde not walke in my statutes, they haue cast away my iudgementes, which whoso doth shall lyue in them, and my Sabbath dayes haue they greatly polluted: then I sayde, I woulde powre out mine indignation vpon them, and consume them in the wildernesse.
• Ezek 20:24 : 24 Because they had not kept my iudgementes, but cast aside my statutes and broken my Sabbathes, and their eyes were after their fathers idols.
• Ezek 22:24-31 : 24 Thou sonne of man, tell her, Thou art an vncleane lande, which is not rayned vpon in the day of wrath. 25 There is a conspiracie of her prophetes in the middest therof: as a roring lion rauenyng his pray, they deuour soules, they haue taken the riche and pretious thynges, they haue made her many widowes in the middest therof. 26 Her priestes haue broken my lawe, and defiled my holy thynges, they put no difference betweene the holy & vnholy, neither discerne they betweene the cleane & vncleane: they turne their eyes from my Sabbathes, and I am defiled among them. 27 Thy rulers in thee are lyke woolues rauenyng the pray, to shed blood, and destroy soules, for their owne couetous lucre. 28 As for her prophetes, they daube with vntempered morter, they see vanities, and diuine lyes vnto them, saying, The Lorde saith so: wheras the Lorde hath not spoken. 29 The people in the lande vsed wicked extortion and robbery, they vexe the poore and needy, and oppresse the straunger agaynst right. 30 And I sought among them for a man that woulde make vp the hedge, and set hym selfe in the gap before me in the landes behalfe, that I shoulde not destroy it: but I coulde fynde none. 31 Therfore haue I powred out my cruel displeasure vpon them, and consumed them in the fire of my wrath: their owne wayes wyll I recompence vpon their heades, saith the Lorde God.
• Ezek 37:26 : 26 Moreouer, I will make a bonde of peace with them, whiche shalbe vnto them an euerlasting couenaunt: I will settle them also and multiplie them, my sanctuarie will I set among them for euermore.