Deuteronomy 28:43

World English Bible (2000)

The foreigner who is in the midst of you shall mount up above you higher and higher; and you shall come down lower and lower.

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

הַגֵּר֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּקִרְבְּךָ֔ יַעֲלֶ֥ה עָלֶ֖יךָ מַ֣עְלָה מָּ֑עְלָה וְאַתָּ֥ה תֵרֵ֖ד מַ֥טָּה מָּֽטָּה׃

Transliteration

The-gēr which in-qirbəkā yaʿăleh above-ʿāleykā maʿəlāh māʿəlāh wə-ʾattāh tērēd maṭṭāh māṭṭāh.

Grammar Details

• *gēr*: masculine singular noun with definite article - 'sojourner/foreigner'
• *qirbəkā*: masculine singular noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - 'your midst'
• *yaʿăleh*: imperfect Qal 3rd masculine singular - 'he will go up'
• *ʿāleykā*: preposition with 2nd masculine singular suffix - 'above you'
• *maʿəlāh*: adverb - 'upward'
• *māʿəlāh*: repetition for emphasis - 'higher and higher'
• *wə*: conjunction - 'and'
• *ʾattāh*: 2nd masculine singular independent pronoun - 'you'
• *tērēd*: imperfect Qal 2nd masculine singular - 'you will go down'
• *maṭṭāh*: adverb - 'downward'
• *māṭṭāh*: repetition for emphasis - 'lower and lower'

Word Meanings

• *gēr*: sojourner/foreigner/resident alien
• *qirbəkā*: your midst/among you
• *yaʿăleh*: go up/ascend/rise
• *maʿəlāh māʿəlāh*: higher and higher/upward upward/exceedingly high
• *tērēd*: go down/descend/decline
• *maṭṭāh māṭṭāh*: lower and lower/downward downward/exceedingly low

Referenced Verses

• Deut 28:13 : 13 Yahweh will make you the head, and not the tail; and you shall be above only, and you shall not be beneath; if you shall listen to the commandments of Yahweh your God, which I command you this day, to observe and to do [them],
• Judg 2:3 : 3 Therefore I also said, I will not drive them out from before you; but they shall be [as thorns] in your sides, and their gods shall be a snare to you."
• Judg 2:11-15 : 11 The children of Israel did that which was evil in the sight of Yahweh, and served the Baals; 12 and they forsook Yahweh, the God of their fathers, who brought them out of the land of Egypt, and followed other gods, of the gods of the peoples who were around them, and bowed themselves down to them: and they provoked Yahweh to anger. 13 They forsook Yahweh, and served Baal and the Ashtaroth. 14 The anger of Yahweh was kindled against Israel, and he delivered them into the hands of spoilers who despoiled them; and he sold them into the hands of their enemies all around, so that they could not any longer stand before their enemies. 15 Wherever they went out, the hand of Yahweh was against them for evil, as Yahweh had spoken, and as Yahweh had sworn to them: and they were very distressed.
• Judg 4:2-3 : 2 Yahweh sold them into the hand of Jabin king of Canaan, who reigned in Hazor; the captain of whose army was Sisera, who lived in Harosheth of the Gentiles. 3 The children of Israel cried to Yahweh: for he had nine hundred chariots of iron; and twenty years he mightily oppressed the children of Israel.
• Judg 10:7-9 : 7 The anger of Yahweh was kindled against Israel, and he sold them into the hand of the Philistines, and into the hand of the children of Ammon. 8 They troubled and oppressed the children of Israel that year: eighteen years [oppressed they] all the children of Israel that were beyond the Jordan in the land of the Amorites, which is in Gilead. 9 The children of Ammon passed over the Jordan to fight also against Judah, and against Benjamin, and against the house of Ephraim; so that Israel was very distressed. 10 The children of Israel cried to Yahweh, saying, "We have sinned against you, even because we have forsaken our God, and have served the Baals."
• Judg 14:4 : 4 But his father and his mother didn't know that it was of Yahweh; for he sought an occasion against the Philistines. Now at that time the Philistines had rule over Israel.
• Judg 15:11-12 : 11 Then three thousand men of Judah went down to the cleft of the rock of Etam, and said to Samson, "Don't you know that the Philistines are rulers over us? What then is this that you have done to us?" He said to them, "As they did to me, so have I done to them." 12 They said to him, "We have come down to bind you, that we may deliver you into the hand of the Philistines." Samson said to them, "Swear to me that you will not fall on me yourselves."
• 1 Sam 13:3-7 : 3 Jonathan struck the garrison of the Philistines that was in Geba: and the Philistines heard of it. Saul blew the trumpet throughout all the land, saying, "Let the Hebrews hear!" 4 All Israel heard that Saul had struck the garrison of the Philistines, and also that Israel was had in abomination with the Philistines. The people were gathered together after Saul to Gilgal. 5 The Philistines assembled themselves together to fight with Israel, thirty thousand chariots, and six thousand horsemen, and people as the sand which is on the seashore in multitude: and they came up, and encamped in Michmash, eastward of Beth Aven. 6 When the men of Israel saw that they were in a strait (for the people were distressed), then the people did hide themselves in caves, and in thickets, and in rocks, and in coverts, and in pits. 7 Now some of the Hebrews had gone over the Jordan to the land of Gad and Gilead; but as for Saul, he was yet in Gilgal, and all the people followed him trembling.
• 1 Sam 13:19-23 : 19 Now there was no smith found throughout all the land of Israel; for the Philistines said, "Lest the Hebrews make them swords or spears;" 20 but all the Israelites went down to the Philistines, to sharpen every man his plowshare, mattock, axe, and sickle; 21 yet they had a file for the mattocks, and for the plowshares, and for the forks, and for the axes, and to set the goads. 22 So it came to pass in the day of battle, that there was neither sword nor spear found in the hand of any of the people who were with Saul and Jonathan: but with Saul and with Jonathan his son was there found. 23 The garrison of the Philistines went out to the pass of Michmash.
• 2 Kgs 17:20 : 20 Yahweh rejected all the seed of Israel, and afflicted them, and delivered them into the hand of spoilers, until he had cast them out of his sight.
• 2 Kgs 17:23 : 23 until Yahweh removed Israel out of his sight, as he spoke by all his servants the prophets. So Israel was carried away out of their own land to Assyria to this day.
• 2 Kgs 24:14-16 : 14 He carried away all Jerusalem, and all the princes, and all the mighty men of valor, even ten thousand captives, and all the craftsmen and the smiths; none remained, except the poorest sort of the people of the land. 15 He carried away Jehoiachin to Babylon; and the king's mother, and the king's wives, and his officers, and the chief men of the land, carried he into captivity from Jerusalem to Babylon. 16 All the men of might, even seven thousand, and the craftsmen and the smiths one thousand, all of them strong and apt for war, even them the king of Babylon brought captive to Babylon.
• John 18:31 : 31 Pilate therefore said to them, "Take him yourselves, and judge him according to your law." Therefore the Jews said to him, "It is not lawful for us to put anyone to death,"
• John 19:15 : 15 They cried out, "Away with him! Away with him! Crucify him!" Pilate said to them, "Shall I crucify your King?" The chief priests answered, "We have no king but Caesar!"