{ "verseID": "Genesis.4.1", "source": "וְהָ֣אָדָ֔ם יָדַ֖ע אֶת־חַוָּ֣ה אִשְׁתּ֑וֹ וַתַּ֙הַר֙ וַתֵּ֣לֶד אֶת־קַ֔יִן וַתֹּ֕אמֶר קָנִ֥יתִי אִ֖ישׁ אֶת־יְהוָֽה׃", "text": "And *ha-ʾadam* *yadaʿ* *ʾet*-*Ḥawwah* *ʾishto* and-she-*tahar* and-she-*teled* *ʾet*-*Qayin* and-she-*tomer* *qaniti* *ʾish* *ʾet*-*YHWH*", "grammar": { "*ha-ʾadam*": "definite noun, masculine singular - the man/Adam", "*yadaʿ*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - knew/had relations with", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*Ḥawwah*": "proper noun, feminine singular - Eve", "*ʾishto*": "noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his wife", "*tahar*": "qal imperfect with waw-consecutive, 3rd feminine singular - became pregnant", "*teled*": "qal imperfect with waw-consecutive, 3rd feminine singular - gave birth to", "*Qayin*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Cain", "*tomer*": "qal imperfect with waw-consecutive, 3rd feminine singular - said", "*qaniti*": "qal perfect, 1st singular - I have acquired/gotten", "*ʾish*": "noun, masculine singular - man/male", "*YHWH*": "divine name" }, "variants": { "*yadaʿ*": "knew/had sexual relations with/was intimate with", "*qaniti*": "I have acquired/created/produced/purchased", "*ʾet*-*YHWH*": "with YHWH/from YHWH/through YHWH" } }

{ "verseID": "Genesis.4.2", "source": "וַתֹּ֣סֶף לָלֶ֔דֶת אֶת־אָחִ֖יו אֶת־הָ֑בֶל וַֽיְהִי־הֶ֙בֶל֙ רֹ֣עֵה צֹ֔אן וְקַ֕יִן הָיָ֖ה עֹבֵ֥ד אֲדָמָֽה׃", "text": "And-she-*tosef* *laledet* *ʾet*-his-brother *ʾet*-*Hebel* and-*yehi*-*Hebel* *roʿeh* *tsoʾn* and-*Qayin* *hayah* *ʿobed* *ʾadamah*", "grammar": { "*tosef*": "hiphil imperfect with waw-consecutive, 3rd feminine singular - she continued/added", "*laledet*": "qal infinitive construct with preposition - to bear/to give birth to", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*Hebel*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Abel", "*yehi*": "qal imperfect with waw-consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - became", "*roʿeh*": "qal participle, masculine singular construct - keeper/shepherd of", "*tsoʾn*": "collective noun - flock/sheep", "*hayah*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - was/became", "*ʿobed*": "qal participle, masculine singular construct - worker/tiller of", "*ʾadamah*": "noun, feminine singular - ground/soil/land" }, "variants": { "*tosef*": "she continued/she added/she proceeded", "*Hebel*": "breath/vapor/vanity (as the meaning of name)" } }

{ "verseID": "Genesis.4.3", "source": "וֽ͏ַיְהִ֖י מִקֵּ֣ץ יָמִ֑ים וַיָּבֵ֨א קַ֜יִן מִפְּרִ֧י הֽ͏ָאֲדָמָ֛ה מִנְחָ֖ה לַֽיהוָֽה׃", "text": "And-*yehi* *miqqets* *yamim* and-*yabeʾ* *Qayin* from-*peri* *ha-ʾadamah* *minḥah* to-*YHWH*", "grammar": { "*yehi*": "qal imperfect with waw-consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - it came to pass/happened", "*miqqets*": "preposition + noun construct - at end of", "*yamim*": "noun, masculine plural - days/time period", "*yabeʾ*": "hiphil imperfect with waw-consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - he brought", "*Qayin*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Cain", "*peri*": "noun, masculine singular construct - fruit of", "*ha-ʾadamah*": "definite noun, feminine singular - the ground", "*minḥah*": "noun, feminine singular - offering/gift/tribute", "*la-YHWH*": "preposition + divine name - to/for YHWH" }, "variants": { "*miqqets yamim*": "at the end of days/after some time/in the course of time", "*minḥah*": "offering/gift/tribute/sacrifice" } }

{ "verseID": "Genesis.4.4", "source": "וְהֶ֨בֶל הֵבִ֥יא גַם־ה֛וּא מִבְּכֹר֥וֹת צֹאנ֖וֹ וּמֵֽחֶלְבֵהֶ֑ן וַיִּ֣שַׁע יְהוָ֔ה אֶל־הֶ֖בֶל וְאֶל־מִנְחָתֽוֹ׃", "text": "And-*Hebel* *hebiʾ* also-he from-*bekorot* *tsoʾno* and-from-*ḥelbeHen* and-*yishaʿ* *YHWH* to-*Hebel* and-to-*minḥato*", "grammar": { "*Hebel*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Abel", "*hebiʾ*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - brought", "*gam*-*huʾ*": "adverb + 3rd masculine singular pronoun - also he/likewise", "*bekorot*": "noun, feminine plural construct - firstlings/firstborn of", "*tsoʾno*": "noun, collective + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his flock", "*ḥelbeHen*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd feminine plural suffix - their fat portions", "*yishaʿ*": "qal imperfect with waw-consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - looked with favor/regarded", "*YHWH*": "divine name", "*minḥato*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his offering" }, "variants": { "*bekorot*": "firstborn/choicest/best", "*ḥelb*": "fat/best part/richest portion", "*yishaʿ*": "regarded with favor/looked upon/accepted" } }

{ "verseID": "Genesis.4.5", "source": "וְאֶל־קַ֥יִן וְאֶל־מִנְחָת֖וֹ לֹ֣א שָׁעָ֑ה וַיִּ֤חַר לְקַ֙יִן֙ מְאֹ֔ד וַֽיִּפְּל֖וּ פָּנָֽיו׃", "text": "And-to-*Qayin* and-to-*minḥato* not *shaʿah* and-*yiḥar* to-*Qayin* *meʾod* and-*yippelu* *panaw*", "grammar": { "*Qayin*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Cain", "*minḥato*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his offering", "*shaʿah*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - looked with favor/regarded", "*yiḥar*": "qal imperfect with waw-consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - became hot/angry", "*meʾod*": "adverb - very/exceedingly", "*yippelu*": "qal imperfect with waw-consecutive, 3rd masculine plural - fell", "*panaw*": "noun, masculine plural + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his face" }, "variants": { "*shaʿah*": "regarded with favor/looked upon/accepted", "*yiḥar*": "became hot with anger/burned/was kindled", "*yippelu panaw*": "his face fell/he became downcast/he was dejected" } }

{ "verseID": "Genesis.4.6", "source": "וַיֹּ֥אמֶר יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־קָ֑יִן לָ֚מָּה חָ֣רָה לָ֔ךְ וְלָ֖מָּה נָפְל֥וּ פָנֶֽיךָ׃", "text": "And-*yomer* *YHWH* to-*Qayin* *lammah* *ḥarah* to-you and-*lammah* *nafelu* *paneyka*", "grammar": { "*yomer*": "qal imperfect with waw-consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - said", "*YHWH*": "divine name", "*Qayin*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Cain", "*lammah*": "interrogative + preposition - why", "*ḥarah*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - has become hot/angry", "*lak*": "preposition + 2nd masculine singular suffix - to you", "*nafelu*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - have fallen", "*paneyka*": "noun, masculine plural + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your face" }, "variants": { "*ḥarah lak*": "are you angry/has anger come to you/are you burning with anger" } }

{ "verseID": "Genesis.4.7", "source": "הֲל֤וֹא אִם־תֵּיטִיב֙ שְׂאֵ֔ת וְאִם֙ לֹ֣א תֵיטִ֔יב לַפֶּ֖תַח חַטָּ֣את רֹבֵ֑ץ וְאֵלֶ֙יךָ֙ תְּשׁ֣וּקָת֔וֹ וְאַתָּ֖ה תִּמְשָׁל־בּֽוֹ׃", "text": "*haloʾ* if-*tetib* *seʾet* and-if not *tetib* at-the-*petaḥ* *ḥattaʾt* *robets* and-to-you *teshuqato* and-you *timshal*-in-him", "grammar": { "*haloʾ*": "interrogative particle - is it not/surely", "*tetib*": "hiphil imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you do well/good", "*seʾet*": "qal infinitive construct - lifting up/acceptance", "*petaḥ*": "noun, masculine singular - door/opening/entrance", "*ḥattaʾt*": "noun, feminine singular - sin/sin offering", "*robets*": "qal participle, masculine singular - crouching/lying", "*ʾeleyka*": "preposition + 2nd masculine singular suffix - to you", "*teshuqato*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - its desire", "*ʾattah*": "2nd masculine singular personal pronoun - you", "*timshal*": "qal imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - will rule/have mastery", "*bo*": "preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - over it/him" }, "variants": { "*seʾet*": "acceptance/lifting up/forgiveness/exaltation", "*ḥattaʾt*": "sin/sin offering/punishment for sin", "*robets*": "crouching/lying in wait/lurking", "*teshuqato*": "its desire/craving/urge", "*timshal-bo*": "you will rule over it/you will master it/you must master it" } }

{ "verseID": "Genesis.4.8", "source": "וַיֹּ֥אמֶר קַ֖יִן אֶל־הֶ֣בֶל אָחִ֑יו וֽ͏ַיְהִי֙ בִּהְיוֹתָ֣ם בַּשָּׂדֶ֔ה וַיָּ֥קָם קַ֛יִן אֶל־הֶ֥בֶל אָחִ֖יו וַיַּהַרְגֵֽהוּ׃", "text": "And-*yomer* *Qayin* to-*Hebel* his-brother and-*yehi* in-*bihyotam* in-the-*sadeh* and-*yaqom* *Qayin* against-*Hebel* his-brother and-*yahargehu*", "grammar": { "*yomer*": "qal imperfect with waw-consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - said", "*Qayin*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Cain", "*Hebel*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Abel", "*ʾaḥiw*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his brother", "*yehi*": "qal imperfect with waw-consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - it happened", "*bihyotam*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct + 3rd masculine plural suffix - when they were", "*sadeh*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the field", "*yaqom*": "qal imperfect with waw-consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - rose up", "*yahargehu*": "qal imperfect with waw-consecutive, 3rd masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - killed him" }, "variants": { "*yaqom... ʾel*": "rose up against/attacked/confronted", "*yahargehu*": "killed him/murdered him/slew him" } }

{ "verseID": "Genesis.4.9", "source": "וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ אֶל־קַ֔יִן אֵ֖י הֶ֣בֶל אָחִ֑יךָ וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ לֹ֣א יָדַ֔עְתִּי הֲשֹׁמֵ֥ר אָחִ֖י אָנֹֽכִי׃", "text": "And-*yomer* *YHWH* to-*Qayin* where *Hebel* your-brother and-*yomer* not *yadaʿti* ?-*shomer* my-brother *ʾanoki*", "grammar": { "*yomer*": "qal imperfect with waw-consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - said", "*YHWH*": "divine name", "*Qayin*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Cain", "*ʾey*": "interrogative particle - where", "*Hebel*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Abel", "*ʾaḥiyka*": "noun, masculine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your brother", "*yadaʿti*": "qal perfect, 1st singular - I know", "*ha-shomer*": "interrogative particle + qal participle, masculine singular construct - keeper of", "*ʾaḥi*": "noun, masculine singular + 1st singular suffix - my brother", "*ʾanoki*": "1st singular personal pronoun - I" }, "variants": { "*ha-shomer ʾaḥi ʾanoki*": "am I my brother's keeper/guardian/watchman?" } }

{ "verseID": "Genesis.4.10", "source": "וַיֹּ֖אמֶר מֶ֣ה עָשִׂ֑יתָ ק֚וֹל דְּמֵ֣י אָחִ֔יךָ צֹעֲקִ֥ים אֵלַ֖י מִן־הָֽאֲדָמָֽה׃", "text": "And-*yomer* what *ʿasita* *qol* *demey* your-brother *tsoʿaqim* to-me from-the-*ʾadamah*", "grammar": { "*yomer*": "qal imperfect with waw-consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - said", "*meh*": "interrogative pronoun - what", "*ʿasita*": "qal perfect, 2nd masculine singular - you have done", "*qol*": "noun, masculine singular construct - voice of", "*demey*": "noun, masculine plural construct - bloods of", "*ʾaḥiyka*": "noun, masculine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your brother", "*tsoʿaqim*": "qal participle, masculine plural - crying out", "*ʾelay*": "preposition + 1st singular suffix - to me", "*min*": "preposition - from", "*ha-ʾadamah*": "definite noun, feminine singular - the ground" }, "variants": { "*qol demey*": "voice of bloods/sound of blood/cry of blood", "*demey*": "blood (plural form often indicates violent bloodshed)", "*tsoʿaqim*": "crying out/calling/screaming" } }

{ "verseID": "Genesis.4.11", "source": "וְעַתָּ֖ה אָר֣וּר אָ֑תָּה מִן־הָֽאֲדָמָה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר פָּצְתָ֣ה אֶת־פִּ֔יהָ לָקַ֛חַת אֶת־דְּמֵ֥י אָחִ֖יךָ מִיָּדֶֽךָ׃", "text": "And-now *ʾarur* you from-the-*ʾadamah* which *patsetah* *ʾet*-her-mouth *laqaḥat* *ʾet*-*demey* your-brother from-your-hand", "grammar": { "*we-ʿattah*": "conjunction + adverb - and now", "*ʾarur*": "qal passive participle, masculine singular - cursed", "*ʾattah*": "2nd masculine singular personal pronoun - you", "*min*": "preposition - from", "*ha-ʾadamah*": "definite noun, feminine singular - the ground", "*ʾasher*": "relative pronoun - which", "*patsetah*": "qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - opened wide", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*pihah*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her mouth", "*laqaḥat*": "qal infinitive construct - to take/receive", "*demey*": "noun, masculine plural construct - bloods of", "*ʾaḥiyka*": "noun, masculine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your brother", "*mi-yadeka*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - from your hand" }, "variants": { "*ʾarur*": "cursed/under a curse", "*patsetah*": "opened wide/gaped open", "*mi-yadeka*": "from your hand/by your hand/through your action" } }

{ "verseID": "Genesis.4.12", "source": "כִּ֤י תַֽעֲבֹד֙ אֶת־הָ֣אֲדָמָ֔ה לֹֽא־תֹסֵ֥ף תֵּת־כֹּחָ֖הּ לָ֑ךְ נָ֥ע וָנָ֖ד תִּֽהְיֶ֥ה בָאָֽרֶץ׃", "text": "When *taʿabod* *ʾet*-the-*ʾadamah* not-*tosef* *tet*-its-strength to-you *naʿ* and-*nad* *tihyeh* in-the-*ʾarets*", "grammar": { "*ki*": "conjunction - when/if", "*taʿabod*": "qal imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you work/till", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ha-ʾadamah*": "definite noun, feminine singular - the ground", "*lo-tosef*": "negative particle + hiphil imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - it will not continue", "*tet*": "qal infinitive construct - to give", "*koḥah*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd feminine singular suffix - its strength", "*lak*": "preposition + 2nd masculine singular suffix - to you", "*naʿ*": "qal participle, masculine singular - wandering", "*nad*": "qal participle, masculine singular - vagabond", "*tihyeh*": "qal imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you will be", "*ba-ʾarets*": "preposition + definite noun, feminine singular - in the earth/land" }, "variants": { "*lo-tosef tet-koḥah*": "it will not yield its strength/it will not give its produce", "*naʿ wa-nad*": "wanderer and fugitive/restless wanderer/vagrant" } }

{ "verseID": "Genesis.4.13", "source": "וַיֹּ֥אמֶר קַ֖יִן אֶל־יְהוָ֑ה גָּד֥וֹל עֲוֺנִ֖י מִנְּשֹֽׂא׃", "text": "And-*yomer* *Qayin* to-*YHWH* *gadol* *ʿawoni* from-*nesoʾ*", "grammar": { "*yomer*": "qal imperfect with waw-consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - said", "*Qayin*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Cain", "*ʾel*": "preposition - to", "*YHWH*": "divine name", "*gadol*": "adjective, masculine singular - great", "*ʿawoni*": "noun, masculine singular + 1st singular suffix - my iniquity", "*mi-nesoʾ*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - than bearing" }, "variants": { "*gadol ʿawoni mi-nesoʾ*": "my punishment is greater than I can bear/my sin is too great to forgive/my guilt is too great to carry" } }

{ "verseID": "Genesis.4.14", "source": "הֵן֩ גֵּרַ֨שְׁתָּ אֹתִ֜י הַיּ֗וֹם מֵעַל֙ פְּנֵ֣י הֽ͏ָאֲדָמָ֔ה וּמִפָּנֶ֖יךָ אֶסָּתֵ֑ר וְהָיִ֜יתִי נָ֤ע וָנָד֙ בָּאָ֔רֶץ וְהָיָ֥ה כָל־מֹצְאִ֖י יֽ͏ַהַרְגֵֽנִי׃", "text": "*hen* *gerashtah* me today from-upon face-of the-*ʾadamah* and-from-your-face *ʾessater* and-*hayiti* *naʿ* and-*nad* in-the-*ʾarets* and-*hayah* all-*motseʾi* *yahargeini*", "grammar": { "*hen*": "demonstrative particle - behold", "*gerashtah*": "piel perfect, 2nd masculine singular - you have driven out", "*ʾoti*": "direct object marker + 1st singular suffix - me", "*ha-yom*": "definite noun, masculine singular - today/this day", "*me-ʿal*": "compound preposition - from upon", "*peney*": "noun, masculine plural construct - face of", "*ha-ʾadamah*": "definite noun, feminine singular - the ground", "*u-mi-paneyka*": "conjunction + preposition + noun, masculine plural + 2nd masculine singular suffix - and from your face", "*ʾessater*": "niphal imperfect, 1st singular - I will be hidden", "*hayiti*": "qal perfect, 1st singular - I will be", "*naʿ*": "qal participle, masculine singular - wandering", "*nad*": "qal participle, masculine singular - vagabond", "*ba-ʾarets*": "preposition + definite noun, feminine singular - in the earth/land", "*hayah*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - it will be", "*kol*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all/everyone", "*motseʾi*": "qal participle, masculine singular + 1st singular suffix - finder of me/who finds me", "*yahargeini*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular + 1st singular suffix - will kill me" }, "variants": { "*me-ʿal peney ha-ʾadamah*": "from the face of the ground/from the land's surface", "*mi-paneyka ʾessater*": "from your presence I will be hidden/I will be hidden from your face" } }

{ "verseID": "Genesis.4.15", "source": "וַיֹּ֧אמֶר ל֣וֹ יְהוָ֗ה לָכֵן֙ כָּל־הֹרֵ֣ג קַ֔יִן שִׁבְעָתַ֖יִם יֻקָּ֑ם וַיָּ֨שֶׂם יְהוָ֤ה לְקַ֙יִן֙ א֔וֹת לְבִלְתִּ֥י הַכּוֹת־אֹת֖וֹ כָּל־מֹצְאֽוֹ׃", "text": "And-*yomer* to-him *YHWH* therefore all-*horeg* *Qayin* *shibeʿatayim* *yuqqam* and-*yasem* *YHWH* to-*Qayin* *ʾot* for-not *hakkot*-him all-*motseʾo*", "grammar": { "*yomer*": "qal imperfect with waw-consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - said", "*lo*": "preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - to him", "*YHWH*": "divine name", "*laken*": "adverb - therefore", "*kol*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all/anyone", "*horeg*": "qal participle, masculine singular - killing", "*Qayin*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Cain", "*shibeʿatayim*": "adverb - sevenfold", "*yuqqam*": "hophal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - will be avenged", "*yasem*": "qal imperfect with waw-consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - placed/set", "*le-Qayin*": "preposition + proper noun - for Cain", "*ʾot*": "noun, common singular - sign/mark", "*le-bilti*": "preposition + particle - so that not", "*hakkot*": "hiphil infinitive construct - striking", "*ʾoto*": "direct object marker + 3rd masculine singular suffix - him", "*kol*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all/anyone", "*motseʾo*": "qal participle, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - finding him" }, "variants": { "*shibeʿatayim yuqqam*": "sevenfold vengeance will be taken/will be avenged seven times", "*ʾot*": "sign/mark/token" } }

{ "verseID": "Genesis.4.16", "source": "וַיֵּ֥צֵא קַ֖יִן מִלִּפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה וַיֵּ֥שֶׁב בְּאֶֽרֶץ־נ֖וֹד קִדְמַת־עֵֽדֶן׃", "text": "And-*yetseʾ* *Qayin* from-before *YHWH* and-*yesheb* in-*ʾerets*-*Nod* east-of-*ʿEden*", "grammar": { "*yetseʾ*": "qal imperfect with waw-consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - went out", "*Qayin*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Cain", "*mi-lifney*": "compound preposition - from before", "*YHWH*": "divine name", "*yesheb*": "qal imperfect with waw-consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - dwelled/settled", "*be-ʾerets*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular construct - in land of", "*Nod*": "proper noun - Nod", "*qidmat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - east of", "*ʿEden*": "proper noun - Eden" }, "variants": { "*mi-lifney YHWH*": "from before YHWH/from the presence of YHWH", "*ʾerets-Nod*": "land of Nod/land of wandering (Nod means 'wandering')" } }

{ "verseID": "Genesis.4.17", "source": "וַיֵּ֤דַע קַ֙יִן֙ אֶת־אִשְׁתּ֔וֹ וַתַּ֖הַר וַתֵּ֣לֶד אֶת־חֲנ֑וֹךְ וַֽיְהִי֙ בֹּ֣נֶה עִ֔יר וַיִּקְרָא֙ שֵׁ֣ם הָעִ֔יר כְּשֵׁ֖ם בְּנ֥וֹ חֲנֽוֹךְ׃", "text": "And-*yedaʿ* *Qayin* *ʾet*-his-wife and-she-*tahar* and-she-*teled* *ʾet*-*Ḥanok* and-*yehi* *boneh* *ʿir* and-*yiqraʾ* name-of the-*ʿir* like-name-of his-son *Ḥanok*", "grammar": { "*yedaʿ*": "qal imperfect with waw-consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - knew", "*Qayin*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Cain", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ʾishto*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his wife", "*tahar*": "qal imperfect with waw-consecutive, 3rd feminine singular - conceived", "*teled*": "qal imperfect with waw-consecutive, 3rd feminine singular - gave birth to", "*Ḥanok*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Enoch", "*yehi*": "qal imperfect with waw-consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - he was", "*boneh*": "qal participle, masculine singular construct - building", "*ʿir*": "noun, feminine singular - city", "*yiqraʾ*": "qal imperfect with waw-consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - called", "*shem*": "noun, masculine singular construct - name of", "*ha-ʿir*": "definite noun, feminine singular - the city", "*ke-shem*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - like name of", "*beno*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his son" }, "variants": { "*yedaʿ*": "knew/had sexual relations with", "*boneh ʿir*": "building a city/was a city-builder" } }

{ "verseID": "Genesis.4.18", "source": "וַיִּוָּלֵ֤ד לַֽחֲנוֹךְ֙ אֶת־עִירָ֔ד וְעִירָ֕ד יָלַ֖ד אֶת־מְחֽוּיָאֵ֑ל וּמְחִיּיָאֵ֗ל יָלַד֙ אֶת־מְת֣וּשָׁאֵ֔ל וּמְתוּשָׁאֵ֖ל יָלַ֥ד אֶת־לָֽמֶךְ׃", "text": "And-*yiwwaled* to-*Ḥanok* *ʾet*-*ʿIrad* and-*ʿIrad* *yalad* *ʾet*-*Meḥuyaʾel* and-*Meḥiyyaʾel* *yalad* *ʾet*-*Metushaʾel* and-*Metushaʾel* *yalad* *ʾet*-*Lamek*", "grammar": { "*yiwwaled*": "niphal imperfect with waw-consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - was born", "*la-Ḥanok*": "preposition + proper noun - to Enoch", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ʿIrad*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Irad", "*yalad*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - begot/fathered", "*Meḥuyaʾel*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Mehujael", "*Meḥiyyaʾel*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Mehijael (variant spelling)", "*Metushaʾel*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Methusael", "*Lamek*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Lamech" }, "variants": { "*yiwwaled*": "was born/became father to/begot", "*yalad*": "begot/fathered/became the father of" } }

{ "verseID": "Genesis.4.19", "source": "וַיִּֽקַּֽח־ל֥וֹ לֶ֖מֶךְ שְׁתֵּ֣י נָשִׁ֑ים שֵׁ֤ם הָֽאַחַת֙ עָדָ֔ה וְשֵׁ֥ם הַשֵּׁנִ֖ית צִלָּֽה׃", "text": "And-*yiqqaḥ*-to-him *Lamek* two *nashim* name-of the-one *ʿAdah* and-name-of the-second *Tsillah*", "grammar": { "*yiqqaḥ*": "qal imperfect with waw-consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - took", "*lo*": "preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - for himself", "*Lamek*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Lamech", "*shettey*": "numeral, feminine dual construct - two of", "*nashim*": "noun, feminine plural - wives", "*shem*": "noun, masculine singular construct - name of", "*ha-ʾaḥat*": "definite numeral, feminine singular - the one/first", "*ʿAdah*": "proper noun, feminine singular - Adah", "*we-shem*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular construct - and name of", "*ha-shenit*": "definite adjective, feminine singular - the second", "*Tsillah*": "proper noun, feminine singular - Zillah" }, "variants": {} }

{ "verseID": "Genesis.4.20", "source": "וַתֵּ֥לֶד עָדָ֖ה אֶת־יָבָ֑ל ה֣וּא הָיָ֔ה אֲבִ֕י יֹשֵׁ֥ב אֹ֖הֶל וּמִקְנֶֽה׃", "text": "And-*teled* *ʿAdah* *ʾet*-*Yabal* he *hayah* *ʾabi* *yosheb* *ʾohel* and-*miqneh*", "grammar": { "*teled*": "qal imperfect with waw-consecutive, 3rd feminine singular - gave birth to", "*ʿAdah*": "proper noun, feminine singular - Adah", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*Yabal*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Jabal", "*huʾ*": "3rd masculine singular personal pronoun - he", "*hayah*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - was", "*ʾabi*": "noun, masculine singular construct - father of", "*yosheb*": "qal participle, masculine singular construct - dweller of", "*ʾohel*": "noun, masculine singular - tent", "*u-miqneh*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular - and livestock" }, "variants": { "*ʾabi*": "father of/founder of/originator of", "*yosheb ʾohel u-miqneh*": "dwellers in tents with livestock/tent-dwelling herders" } }

{ "verseID": "Genesis.4.21", "source": "וְשֵׁ֥ם אָחִ֖יו יוּבָ֑ל ה֣וּא הָיָ֔ה אֲבִ֕י כָּל־תֹּפֵ֥שׂ כִּנּ֖וֹר וְעוּגָֽב׃", "text": "And-name-of his-brother *Yubal* he *hayah* *ʾabi* all-*tofes* *kinnor* and-*ʿugab*", "grammar": { "*we-shem*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular construct - and name of", "*ʾaḥiw*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his brother", "*Yubal*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Jubal", "*huʾ*": "3rd masculine singular personal pronoun - he", "*hayah*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - was", "*ʾabi*": "noun, masculine singular construct - father of", "*kol*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all", "*tofes*": "qal participle, masculine singular construct - handler of/player of", "*kinnor*": "noun, masculine singular - lyre/harp", "*we-ʿugab*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular - and pipe/flute" }, "variants": { "*ʾabi*": "father of/founder of/originator of", "*tofes kinnor we-ʿugab*": "those who play the lyre and pipe/string and wind instrument players", "*kinnor*": "lyre/harp/stringed instrument", "*ʿugab*": "pipe/flute/wind instrument" } }

{ "verseID": "Genesis.4.22", "source": "וְצִלָּ֣ה גַם־הִ֗וא יָֽלְדָה֙ אֶת־תּ֣וּבַל קַ֔יִן לֹטֵ֕שׁ כָּל־חֹרֵ֥שׁ נְחֹ֖שֶׁת וּבַרְזֶ֑ל וַֽאֲח֥וֹת תּֽוּבַל־קַ֖יִן נַֽעֲמָֽה׃", "text": "And-*Tsillah* also-she *yaledah* *ʾet*-*Tubal*-*Qayin* *lotesh* all-*ḥoresh* *neḥoshet* and-*barzel* and-sister-of *Tubal*-*Qayin* *Naʿamah*", "grammar": { "*we-Tsillah*": "conjunction + proper noun, feminine singular - and Zillah", "*gam*-*hiʾ*": "adverb + 3rd feminine singular pronoun - also she", "*yaledah*": "qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - bore/gave birth to", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*Tubal*-*Qayin*": "compound proper noun, masculine singular - Tubal-cain", "*lotesh*": "qal participle, masculine singular construct - forger/sharpener of", "*kol*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all/every", "*ḥoresh*": "qal participle, masculine singular construct - craftsman of", "*neḥoshet*": "noun, feminine singular - bronze/copper", "*u-barzel*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular - and iron", "*wa-ʾaḥot*": "conjunction + noun, feminine singular construct - and sister of", "*Naʿamah*": "proper noun, feminine singular - Naamah" }, "variants": { "*lotesh*": "forger/sharpener/hammerer", "*ḥoresh*": "craftsman/engraver/worker", "*neḥoshet*": "bronze/copper" } }

{ "verseID": "Genesis.4.23", "source": "וַיֹּ֨אמֶר לֶ֜מֶךְ לְנָשָׁ֗יו עָדָ֤ה וְצִלָּה֙ שְׁמַ֣עַן קוֹלִ֔י נְשֵׁ֣י לֶ֔מֶךְ הַאְזֵ֖נָּה אִמְרָתִ֑י כִּ֣י אִ֤ישׁ הָרַ֙גְתִּי֙ לְפִצְעִ֔י וְיֶ֖לֶד לְחַבֻּרָתִֽי׃", "text": "And-*yomer* *Lamek* to-his-wives *ʿAdah* and-*Tsillah* *shemaʿan* my-voice wives-of *Lamek* *haʾzennah* my-speech for *ʾish* *haragti* for-my-wound and-*yeled* for-my-bruise", "grammar": { "*yomer*": "qal imperfect with waw-consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - said", "*Lamek*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Lamech", "*le-nashayv*": "preposition + noun, feminine plural + 3rd masculine singular suffix - to his wives", "*ʿAdah*": "proper noun, feminine singular - Adah", "*we-Tsillah*": "conjunction + proper noun, feminine singular - and Zillah", "*shemaʿan*": "qal imperative, feminine plural - hear", "*qoli*": "noun, masculine singular + 1st singular suffix - my voice", "*neshey*": "noun, feminine plural construct - wives of", "*haʾzennah*": "hiphil imperative, feminine plural - give ear to/listen to", "*ʾimrati*": "noun, feminine singular + 1st singular suffix - my speech/saying", "*ki*": "conjunction - for/because", "*ʾish*": "noun, masculine singular - man", "*haragti*": "qal perfect, 1st singular - I have killed", "*le-fitsʿi*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular + 1st singular suffix - for my wound", "*we-yeled*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular - and young man/child", "*le-ḥabburati*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular + 1st singular suffix - for my bruise/injury" }, "variants": { "*haragti*": "I have killed/I killed/I would kill", "*le-fitsʿi*": "for my wound/because of my wound/for wounding me", "*le-ḥabburati*": "for my bruise/for hurting me/for my injury" } }

{ "verseID": "Genesis.4.24", "source": "כִּ֥י שִׁבְעָתַ֖יִם יֻקַּם־קָ֑יִן וְלֶ֖מֶךְ שִׁבְעִ֥ים וְשִׁבְעָֽה׃", "text": "For *shibeʿatayim* *yuqqam*-*Qayin* and-*Lamek* seventy and-seven", "grammar": { "*ki*": "conjunction - for/because", "*shibeʿatayim*": "adverb - sevenfold", "*yuqqam*": "hophal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - is avenged", "*Qayin*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Cain", "*we-Lamek*": "conjunction + proper noun, masculine singular - and Lamech", "*shibeʿim*": "numeral, plural - seventy", "*we-shibeʿah*": "conjunction + numeral, masculine singular - and seven" }, "variants": { "*shibeʿim we-shibeʿah*": "seventy-sevenfold/seventy-seven times/seventy and seven" } }

{ "verseID": "Genesis.4.25", "source": "וַיֵּ֨דַע אָדָ֥ם עוֹד֙ אֶת־אִשְׁתּ֔וֹ וַתֵּ֣לֶד בֵּ֔ן וַתִּקְרָ֥א אֶת־שְׁמ֖וֹ שֵׁ֑ת כִּ֣י שָֽׁת־לִ֤י אֱלֹהִים֙ זֶ֣רַע אַחֵ֔ר תַּ֣חַת הֶ֔בֶל כִּ֥י הֲרָג֖וֹ קָֽיִן׃", "text": "And-*yedaʿ* *ʾAdam* again *ʾet*-his-wife and-she-*teled* *ben* and-she-*tiqraʾ* *ʾet*-his-name *Shet* for *shat*-to-me *ʾElohim* *zeraʿ* another in-place-of *Hebel* for *harago* *Qayin*", "grammar": { "*yedaʿ*": "qal imperfect with waw-consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - knew", "*ʾAdam*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Adam", "*ʿod*": "adverb - again", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ʾishto*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his wife", "*teled*": "qal imperfect with waw-consecutive, 3rd feminine singular - bore", "*ben*": "noun, masculine singular - son", "*tiqraʾ*": "qal imperfect with waw-consecutive, 3rd feminine singular - called", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*shemo*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his name", "*Shet*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Seth", "*ki*": "conjunction - for/because", "*shat*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - appointed/placed", "*li*": "preposition + 1st singular suffix - for me", "*ʾElohim*": "noun, masculine plural - God", "*zeraʿ*": "noun, masculine singular - seed/offspring", "*ʾaḥer*": "adjective, masculine singular - another", "*taḥat*": "preposition - instead of", "*Hebel*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Abel", "*ki*": "conjunction - because", "*harago*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - killed him", "*Qayin*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Cain" }, "variants": { "*shat*": "appointed/placed/granted", "*zeraʿ ʾaḥer*": "another offspring/different seed/other descendant" } }

{ "verseID": "Genesis.4.26", "source": "וּלְשֵׁ֤ת גַּם־הוּא֙ יֻלַּד־בֵּ֔ן וַיִּקְרָ֥א אֶת־שְׁמ֖וֹ אֱנ֑וֹשׁ אָ֣ז הוּחַ֔ל לִקְרֹ֖א בְּשֵׁ֥ם יְהוָֽה׃ פ", "text": "And-to-*Shet* also-he *yullad*-*ben* and-he-*yiqraʾ* *ʾet*-his-name *ʾEnosh* then *huḥal* *liqroʾ* in-name-of *YHWH*", "grammar": { "*u-le-Shet*": "conjunction + preposition + proper noun - and to Seth", "*gam*-*huʾ*": "adverb + 3rd masculine singular pronoun - also he", "*yullad*": "pual perfect, 3rd masculine singular - was born", "*ben*": "noun, masculine singular - son", "*yiqraʾ*": "qal imperfect with waw-consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - called", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*shemo*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his name", "*ʾEnosh*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Enosh", "*ʾaz*": "adverb - then/at that time", "*huḥal*": "hophal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - it was begun", "*liqroʾ*": "qal infinitive construct - to call", "*be-shem*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - by/on the name of", "*YHWH*": "divine name" }, "variants": { "*ʾaz huḥal liqroʾ be-shem YHWH*": "then began calling on the name of YHWH/then it was begun to invoke the name of YHWH", "*ʾEnosh*": "man/mortal/humanity (as meaning of name)" } }