Verse 9

{ "verseID": "Isaiah.45.9", "source": "ה֗וֹי רָ֚ב אֶת־יֹ֣צְר֔וֹ חֶ֖רֶשׂ אֶת־חַרְשֵׂ֣י אֲדָמָ֑ה הֲיֹאמַ֨ר חֹ֤מֶר לְיֹֽצְרוֹ֙ מַֽה־תַּעֲשֶׂ֔ה וּפָעָלְךָ֖ אֵין־יָדַ֥יִם לֽוֹ", "text": "*hôy* *rāb* [direct object marker]-*yōṣĕrô* *ḥereś* [direct object marker]-*ḥarśê* *ʾădāmâ* *hăyōʾmar* *ḥōmer* to-*yōṣĕrô* what-*taʿăśeh* and-*pāʿolkā* *ʾên*-*yādayim* to-him", "grammar": { "*hôy*": "interjection - woe/ah/alas", "*rāb*": "qal participle, masculine singular - striving/contending", "*yōṣĕrô*": "qal participle, masculine singular with 3rd person suffix - his maker/his former", "*ḥereś*": "masculine singular noun - potsherd/earthenware", "*ḥarśê*": "masculine plural construct - potsherds of", "*ʾădāmâ*": "feminine singular noun - ground/earth", "*hăyōʾmar*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular with interrogative prefix - shall it say?", "*ḥōmer*": "masculine singular noun - clay/material", "*yōṣĕrô*": "qal participle, masculine singular with 3rd person suffix - its maker/its former", "*taʿăśeh*": "qal imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you do/you make", "*pāʿolkā*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd person suffix - your work", "*ʾên*": "particle of negation - there is not/there is no", "*yādayim*": "feminine dual noun - hands" }, "variants": { "*hôy*": "woe/ah/alas", "*rāb*": "striving/contending/disputing/quarreling with", "*ḥereś*": "potsherd/earthenware/clay fragment", "*ḥarśê*": "potsherds of/fragments of", "*hăyōʾmar*": "shall it say?/will it say?/should it say?", "*ḥōmer*": "clay/material/substance/matter", "*taʿăśeh*": "you do/you make/you are doing", "*pāʿolkā*": "your work/your product/what you've made" } }

Other Translations

• GT, oversatt fra Hebraisk

  Ve den som strides med sin Skaper! En leirkarl blant leirkar! Skal leiren si til ham som former den: 'Hva gjør du?' eller 'Han har ikke hender'?

• Moderne oversettelse av Bibelen fra 1611 KJV med hebraisk kontekst

  Ve den som strider mot sin skaper, et leirkaret blant leirkarrene på jorden! Skal leiren si til den som former den: Hva gjør du? Eller ditt arbeid: Han har ingen hender?

• Norsk King James

  Ve den som strides med sin Skaper! La leiren strides med leiren på jorden. Skal leiren si til ham som former den: Hva lager du? eller til verket: Har han ikke hender?

• Modernisert Norsk Bibel 1866

  Ve den som krangler med sin skaper, et leirskår blant leirkar! Kan leiren si til den som former det: Hva gjør du? Eller kan ditt verk si om deg: Han har ingen hender?

• Oversettelse av hebraiske Bibeltekster til moderne norsk bokmål

  Ve den som kives med sin skaper! Et leirkar blant leirkarene på jorden. Skal leiren si til sin mester: Hva gjør du? Eller ditt verk: Han har ingen hender?

• Bibelen: En Moderne Oversettelse av King James Version 1611

  Ve den som trettes med sin skaper! Skal et leirskår strive med leirskår på jorden? Skal leiren si til den som former den: Hva lager du? eller: Ditt verk har ingen hender?

• o3-mini KJV Norsk

  Ve den som strider mot sin Skaper! La knuste krukker stride med hverandre. Skal leiren si til den som har formet den: «Hva er det du gjør?» Eller skal verket råde: «Du bruker ingen hender?»

• En Moderne Oversettelse av King James Version 1611 (mar 2025)

  Ve den som trettes med sin skaper! Skal et leirskår strive med leirskår på jorden? Skal leiren si til den som former den: Hva lager du? eller: Ditt verk har ingen hender?

• Lingvistisk bibeloversettelse fra grunntekst

  Ve den som fører sak mot sin Skaper, en skår av leire blant jordens leirved. Skal leiren si til den som former den: «Hva gjør du?» eller: «Han har ingen hender»?

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  Woe to those who strive with their Maker, like a piece of pottery among the potsherds of the earth! Shall the clay say to the potter, ‘What are you making?’ or ‘Your work has no handles’?

• GT, oversatt fra hebraisk Aug2024

  Ve den som tretter med sin skaper, et leirkar blant leirkarene på jorden. Skal leiren si til ham som former den: 'Hva gjør du?' Eller si: 'Han har ingen hender?'

• Original Norsk Bibel 1866

  Vee den, som trætter med den, der dannede ham, et Skaar, (som er lige med andre) Skaar af Jord! mon Leret kan sige til den, som dannede det: Hvad gjør du? eller (kan) din Gjerning (sige om dig): Han haver ingen Hænder?

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  Woe unto him that striveth with his Maker! Let the potsherd strive with the potsherds of the earth. Shall the clay say to him that fashioneth it, What makest thou? or thy work, He hath no hands?

• KJV 1769 norsk

  Ve den som kjemper mot sin skaper! La leirskåren kjempe mot leirskår på jorden. Skal leiren si til ham som former den, hva lager du? Eller til hans verk, han har ingen hender?

• KJV1611 - Moderne engelsk

  Woe to him who strives with his Maker! Let the potsherd strive with the potsherds of the earth. Shall the clay say to him who forms it, What are you making? or shall your work say, He has no hands?

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  Woe unto him that striveth with his Maker! Let the potsherd strive with the potsherds of the earth. Shall the clay say to him that fashioneth it, What makest thou? or thy work, He hath no hands?

• Norsk oversettelse av Webster

  Ve den som strider mot sin Skaper—et leirskår blant leirskårene på jorden! Skal leiren spørre ham som former den, "Hva lager du?" eller si om det han gjør, "Han har ingen hender"?

• Norsk oversettelse av Youngs Literal Translation

  Ve den som strider mot sin skaper, en leirbit blant leirbiter på marken! Skal leiren si til den som former den: ‘Hva gjør du?’ Eller om ens verk: ‘Han har ingen hender?’

• Norsk oversettelse av ASV1901

  Ve den som strider mot sin skaper! Et leirskår blant jordens leirskår! Skal leiren si til sin pottemaker: Hva lager du? Eller til den som former det: Han har ingen hender?

• Norsk oversettelse av BBE

  Forbannet er den som fører klage mot sin Skaper, potten mot pottemakeren! Vil leiren si til den som arbeider med den, Hva gjør du, det mangler håndtak?

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  Wo be vnto him that chydeth wt his maker, the potsherde with the potter. Saieth ye claye to the potter: What makest thou? or, yi worke serueth for nothige?

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  Woe be vnto him that striueth with his maker, the potsherd with the potsherds of the earth: shall the clay say to him that facioneth it, What makest thou? or thy worke, It hath none hands?

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  Wo be vnto hym that striueth with his maker, let the potsherde striue with the potsherdes of the earth: Saieth the clay to the potter, What makest thou? or, thy worke is not perfectly done.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  Woe unto him that striveth with his Maker! [Let] the potsherd [strive] with the potsherds of the earth. Shall the clay say to him that fashioneth it, What makest thou? or thy work, He hath no hands?

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  Woe to him who strives with his Maker--a potsherd among the potsherds of the earth! Shall the clay ask him who fashions it, "What are you making?" or your work, "He has no hands?"

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  Wo `to' him who is striving with his Former, (A potsherd with potsherds of the ground!) Doth clay say to its Framer, `What dost thou?' And thy work, `He hath no hands?'

• American Standard Version (1901)

  Woe unto him that striveth with his Maker! a potsherd among the potsherds of the earth! Shall the clay say to him that fashioneth it, What makest thou? or thy work, He hath no hands?

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  Cursed is he who has an argument with his Maker, the pot which has an argument with the Potter! Will the wet earth say to him who is working with it, What are you doing, that your work has nothing by which it may be gripped?

• World English Bible (2000)

  Woe to him who strives with his Maker-- a clay pot among the clay pots of the earth! Shall the clay ask him who fashions it, 'What are you making?' or your work, 'He has no hands?'

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  The Lord Gives a Warning One who argues with his Creator is in grave danger, one who is like a mere shard among the other shards on the ground! The clay should not say to the potter,“What in the world are you doing? Your work lacks skill!”

Referenced Verses

• Rom 9:20-21 : 20 { "verseID": "Romans.9.20", "source": "Μενοῦνγε, ὦ ἄνθρωπε, σὺ τίς εἶ ὁ ἀνταποκρινόμενος τῷ Θεῷ; Μὴ ἐρεῖ τὸ πλάσμα τῷ πλάσαντι, Τί με ἐποίησας οὕτως;", "text": "*Menounge*, O *anthrōpe*, you who are *ei* the *antapokrinomenos* to *Theō*? *Mē erei* the *plasma* to the *plasanti*, Why me *epoiēsas* thus?", "grammar": { "*Menounge*": "particle - on the contrary/rather/indeed", "*anthrōpe*": "vocative, masculine, singular - O man", "*ei*": "present, indicative, 2nd person singular - you are", "*antapokrinomenos*": "present, participle, middle, nominative, masculine, singular - answering back", "*Theō*": "dative, masculine, singular - to God", "*Mē*": "negative particle [introduces question expecting negative answer]", "*erei*": "future, indicative, active, 3rd person singular - will say", "*plasma*": "nominative, neuter, singular - thing formed/creation", "*plasanti*": "aorist, participle, active, dative, masculine, singular - to the one having formed", "*epoiēsas*": "aorist, indicative, active, 2nd person singular - you made" }, "variants": { "*Menounge*": "on the contrary/rather/indeed", "*anthrōpe*": "man/human/mortal", "*antapokrinomenos*": "answering back/talking back/disputing", "*plasma*": "thing formed/creation/vessel", "*plasanti*": "to the one having formed/to the maker/to the creator", "*epoiēsas*": "you made/created/fashioned" } } 21 { "verseID": "Romans.9.21", "source": "Ἢ οὐκ ἔχει ἐξουσίαν ὁ κεραμεὺς τοῦ πηλοῦ, ἐκ τοῦ αὐτοῦ φυράματος ποιῆσαι ὃ μὲν εἰς τιμὴν σκεῦος, ὃ δὲ εἰς ἀτιμίαν;", "text": "Or not *echei exousian* the *kerameus* of the *pēlou*, out of the same *phyramatos poiēsai* which *men* for *timēn skeuos*, which *de* for *atimian*?", "grammar": { "*echei*": "present, indicative, active, 3rd person singular - has", "*exousian*": "accusative, feminine, singular - authority/right", "*kerameus*": "nominative, masculine, singular - potter", "*pēlou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of clay", "*phyramatos*": "genitive, neuter, singular - of lump/batch", "*poiēsai*": "aorist, infinitive, active - to make", "*men*": "particle - on the one hand", "*timēn*": "accusative, feminine, singular - honor", "*skeuos*": "accusative, neuter, singular - vessel", "*de*": "particle - but/and/on the other hand", "*atimian*": "accusative, feminine, singular - dishonor" }, "variants": { "*echei exousian*": "has authority/has power/has right", "*kerameus*": "potter/craftsman", "*pēlou*": "of clay/of mud", "*phyramatos*": "of lump/of batch/of mixture", "*poiēsai*": "to make/to create/to fashion", "*timēn*": "honor/dignity/value", "*skeuos*": "vessel/instrument/container", "*atimian*": "dishonor/common use/dishonorable use" } }
• Isa 29:16 : 16 { "verseID": "Isaiah.29.16", "source": "הַ֨פְכְּכֶ֔ם אִם־כְּחֹ֥מֶר הַיֹּצֵ֖ר יֵֽחָשֵׁ֑ב כִּֽי־יֹאמַ֨ר מַעֲשֶׂ֤ה לְעֹשֵׂ֙הוּ֙ לֹ֣א עָשָׂ֔נִי וְיֵ֛צֶר אָמַ֥ר לְיוֹצְר֖וֹ לֹ֥א הֵבִֽין", "text": "*Hap̱kĕḵem*! If-like-*ḥōmer* *ha-yōṣēr* *yēḥāšēḇ* that-*yōʾmar* *maʿăśeh* to-*ʿōśēhû* not *ʿāśānî* and-*yēṣer* *ʾāmar* to-*yôṣĕrô* not *hēḇîn*", "grammar": { "*Hap̱kĕḵem*": "noun, masculine singular with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your perversity", "*ʾim-kĕ-ḥōmer*": "conjunction ʾim + preposition kaph + noun, masculine singular - if like clay", "*ha-yōṣēr*": "definite article + verb, qal participle, masculine singular - the potter", "*yēḥāšēḇ*": "verb, niphal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he is considered/regarded", "*kî-yōʾmar*": "conjunction kî + verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - that says", "*maʿăśeh*": "noun, masculine singular - made thing/work", "*lĕ-ʿōśēhû*": "preposition lamed + verb, qal participle, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - to its maker", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*ʿāśānî*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - he made me", "*wĕ-yēṣer*": "conjunction waw + noun, masculine singular - and formed thing", "*ʾāmar*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - says/has said", "*lĕ-yôṣĕrô*": "preposition lamed + verb, qal participle, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - to its former", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*hēḇîn*": "verb, hiphil perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he understands" }, "variants": { "*Hap̱kĕḵem*": "your perversity/perversion/turning things upside down", "*ḥōmer*": "clay/mud/material", "*yōṣēr*": "potter/former/creator", "*yēḥāšēḇ*": "is considered/regarded/thought of", "*maʿăśeh*": "made thing/work/product", "*ʿōśēhû*": "its maker/creator/fashioner", "*ʿāśānî*": "he made me/created me/fashioned me", "*yēṣer*": "formed thing/creation/vessel", "*yôṣĕrô*": "its former/creator/fashioner", "*hēḇîn*": "he understands/comprehends/has knowledge" } }
• Isa 64:8 : 8 { "verseID": "Isaiah.64.8", "source": "אַל־תִּקְצֹ֤ף יְהוָה֙ עַד־מְאֹ֔ד וְאַל־לָעַ֖ד תִּזְכֹּ֣ר עָוֺ֑ן הֵ֥ן הַבֶּט־נָ֖א עַמְּךָ֥ כֻלָּֽנוּ׃", "text": "Not-*tiqṣōf* *YHWH* until-*mᵊʾōd* and not-to *lāʿad* *tizkōr* *ʿāwōn* behold *habbeṭ*-please *ʿammᵊkā* *kullānû*", "grammar": { "*tiqṣōf*": "Qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular jussive - be angry", "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh/LORD", "*mᵊʾōd*": "adverb - very/exceedingly", "*lāʿad*": "preposition with definite article - to eternity/forever", "*tizkōr*": "Qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular - you remember", "*ʿāwōn*": "common masculine singular noun - iniquity", "*habbeṭ*": "Hiphil imperative masculine singular - look/regard", "*ʿammᵊkā*": "common masculine singular noun with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your people", "*kullānû*": "noun masculine singular construct with 1st person plural suffix - all of us" }, "variants": { "*tiqṣōf*": "be angry/be wrathful/be indignant", "*mᵊʾōd*": "very/exceedingly/greatly", "*lāʿad*": "forever/perpetually/continually", "*tizkōr*": "you remember/you recall/you keep in mind", "*ʿāwōn*": "iniquity/sin/guilt", "*habbeṭ*": "look/regard/consider" } }
• Jer 18:6 : 6 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.18.6", "source": "הֲכַיּוֹצֵ֨ר הַזֶּ֜ה לֹא־אוּכַ֨ל לַעֲשׂ֥וֹת לָכֶ֛ם בֵּ֥ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל נְאֻם־יְהוָ֑ה הִנֵּ֤ה כַחֹ֙מֶר֙ בְּיַ֣ד הַיּוֹצֵ֔ר כֵּן־אַתֶּ֥ם בְּיָדִ֖י בֵּ֥ית יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ ס", "text": "Like the *yôṣēr* the this not-*ʾûkal* to do to you *bêt* *Yiśrāʾēl* *nĕʾum*-*YHWH*? *Hinnēh* like the *ḥōmer* in hand of the *yôṣēr*, so are you in my hand *bêt* *Yiśrāʾēl*", "grammar": { "*yôṣēr*": "noun, masculine singular, definite - potter/former", "*ʾûkal*": "verb, qal imperfect, 1st person singular - I am able/can", "*bêt*": "noun, masculine singular construct - house/household of", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*nĕʾum*": "noun, masculine singular construct - declaration/utterance of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*Hinnēh*": "interjection - behold/look", "*ḥōmer*": "noun, masculine singular, definite - clay/material" }, "variants": { "*yôṣēr*": "potter/former/creator", "*ʾûkal*": "I am able/can/have power to", "*bêt*": "house/household/dynasty/family", "*nĕʾum*": "declaration/utterance/oracle", "*Hinnēh*": "behold/look/see", "*ḥōmer*": "clay/mud/material" } }
• Jer 50:24 : 24 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.50.24", "source": "יָקֹ֨שְׁתִּי לָ֤ךְ וְגַם־נִלְכַּדְתְּ֙ בָּבֶ֔ל וְאַ֖תְּ לֹ֣א יָדָ֑עַתְּ נִמְצֵאת֙ וְגַם־נִתְפַּ֔שְׂתְּ כִּ֥י בַֽיהוָ֖ה הִתְגָּרִֽית׃", "text": "*yaqoshti* for you and also *nilkadt* *bavel* and you not *yadaʿat* *nimtset* and also *nitpast* for against *YHWH* *hitgarit*.", "grammar": { "*yaqoshti*": "Qal perfect, 1st person singular - I have set a snare", "*nilkadt*": "Niphal perfect, 2nd person feminine singular - you have been caught/trapped", "*bavel*": "proper noun - Babylon", "*yadaʿat*": "perfect, 2nd person feminine singular - you knew", "*nimtset*": "Niphal perfect, 2nd person feminine singular - you have been found", "*nitpast*": "Niphal perfect, 2nd person feminine singular - you have been seized", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*hitgarit*": "Hithpael perfect, 2nd person feminine singular - you have engaged in strife" }, "variants": { "*yaqoshti*": "I have set a snare/trap/laid a snare", "*nilkadt*": "you have been caught/trapped/captured", "*yadaʿat*": "you knew/perceived/realized", "*nimtset*": "you have been found/discovered", "*nitpast*": "you have been seized/captured/taken", "*hitgarit*": "you have provoked/contended with/engaged in strife with" } }
• Prov 21:30 : 30 { "verseID": "Proverbs.21.30", "source": "אֵ֣ין חָ֭כְמָה וְאֵ֣ין תְּבוּנָ֑ה וְאֵ֥ין עֵ֝צָ֗ה לְנֶ֣גֶד יְהוָֽה", "text": "There-is-no *ḥāḵmāh* and-there-is-no *tĕḇûnāh* and-there-is-no *ʿēṣāh* against *YHWH*", "grammar": { "*ḥāḵmāh*": "feminine singular noun - wisdom", "*tĕḇûnāh*": "feminine singular noun - understanding", "*ʿēṣāh*": "feminine singular noun - counsel/advice", "*YHWH*": "divine name - LORD" }, "variants": { "*ḥāḵmāh*": "wisdom/skill", "*tĕḇûnāh*": "understanding/insight/intelligence", "*ʿēṣāh*": "counsel/advice/plan" } }
• Isa 10:15 : 15 { "verseID": "Isaiah.10.15", "source": "הֲיִתְפָּאֵר הַגַּרְזֶן עַל הַחֹצֵב בּוֹ אִם־יִתְגַּדֵּל הַמַּשּׂוֹר עַל־מְנִיפוֹ כְּהָנִיף שֵׁבֶט וְאֶת־מְרִימָיו כְּהָרִים מַטֶּה לֹא־עֵץ", "text": "*hăyitp̄āʾēr* *haggarzen* *ʿal* *haḥōṣēb* *bô* *ʾim*-*yitgaddēl* *hammaśśôr* *ʿal*-*menîp̄ô* *kehānîp̄* *šēbeṭ* *weʾet*-*merîmāyw* *kehārîm* *maṭṭeh* *lōʾ*-*ʿēṣ*", "grammar": { "*hăyitp̄āʾēr*": "interrogative particle + hitpael imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - shall it boast", "*haggarzen*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the axe", "*ʿal*": "preposition - against", "*haḥōṣēb*": "definite article + qal participle, masculine singular - the one who hews", "*bô*": "preposition + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - with it", "*ʾim*": "conjunction - whether/if", "*yitgaddēl*": "hitpael imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - magnifies itself", "*hammaśśôr*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the saw", "*ʿal*": "preposition - against", "*menîp̄ô*": "hiphil participle, masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - the one who wields it", "*kehānîp̄*": "preposition + hiphil infinitive construct - like wielding", "*šēbeṭ*": "noun, masculine singular - rod/staff", "*weʾet*": "waw conjunction + direct object marker", "*merîmāyw*": "hiphil participle, masculine plural + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - those raising it", "*kehārîm*": "preposition + hiphil infinitive construct - like raising", "*maṭṭeh*": "noun, masculine singular - staff", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*ʿēṣ*": "noun, masculine singular - wood" }, "variants": { "*pāʾar*": "boast/glorify/beautify", "*garzen*": "axe/hatchet", "*ḥāṣab*": "hew/cut/dig", "*gādal*": "become great/magnify oneself", "*maśśôr*": "saw/cutting tool", "*nûp̄*": "wield/wave/brandish", "*rûm*": "raise/lift up/exalt", "*maṭṭeh* *lōʾ*-*ʿēṣ*": "staff not-wood/something not wooden" } }
• Exod 9:16-17 : 16 { "verseID": "Exodus.9.16", "source": "וְאוּלָ֗ם בַּעֲב֥וּר זֹאת֙ הֶעֱמַדְתִּ֔יךָ בַּעֲב֖וּר הַרְאֹתְךָ֣ אֶת־כֹּחִ֑י וּלְמַ֛עַן סַפֵּ֥ר שְׁמִ֖י בְּכָל־הָאָֽרֶץ", "text": "But *wəʾûlām* for purpose of *baʿăbûr* this *heʿĕmadtîkā* for purpose of *baʿăbûr* *harʾōtəkā* *ʾet*-my *kōḥî* and so that *ûləmaʿan* *sappēr* my *šəmî* in all-the *hāʾāreṣ*", "grammar": { "*wəʾûlām*": "conjunction + adverb - but/however", "*baʿăbûr*": "preposition - for the sake of/because of", "*heʿĕmadtîkā*": "perfect, 1st person singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix, Hiphil form - I have caused you to stand", "*baʿăbûr*": "preposition - for the sake of/because of", "*harʾōtəkā*": "infinitive construct + 2nd masculine singular suffix, Hiphil form - to show you", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*kōḥî*": "noun, masculine singular + 1st person singular suffix - my power", "*ûləmaʿan*": "conjunction + preposition - and so that/in order that", "*sappēr*": "infinitive construct, Piel form - to declare/tell", "*šəmî*": "noun, masculine singular + 1st person singular suffix - my name", "*hāʾāreṣ*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the earth/land" }, "variants": { "*wəʾûlām*": "but/however/nevertheless", "*heʿĕmadtîkā*": "I have caused you to stand/raised you up/maintained you", "*harʾōtəkā*": "to show you/to cause you to see", "*kōḥî*": "power/strength/might", "*sappēr*": "declare/recount/proclaim" } } 17 { "verseID": "Exodus.9.17", "source": "עוֹדְךָ֖ מִסְתּוֹלֵ֣ל בְּעַמִּ֑י לְבִלְתִּ֖י שַׁלְּחָֽם׃", "text": "Still-you *mistōlēl* against-*'ammî* to-not *šallᵊḥām*.", "grammar": { "*'ōdᵊḵā*": "adverb + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - still/yet you", "*mistōlēl*": "hitpael participle, masculine singular - exalting yourself/being obstinate", "*bᵊ'ammî*": "preposition + noun + 1st person singular suffix - against my people", "*lᵊbiltî*": "preposition + negative particle - to not/so as not to", "*šallᵊḥām*": "piel infinitive construct + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - send them away/let them go" }, "variants": { "*mistōlēl*": "exalting yourself/being obstinate/acting insolently/setting yourself against", "*šallᵊḥām*": "send them away/release them/let them go" } }
• Job 15:24-26 : 24 { "verseID": "Job.15.24", "source": "יְבַעֲתֻהוּ צַר וּמְצוּקָה תִּתְקְפֵהוּ כְּמֶלֶךְ עָתִיד לַכִּידוֹר", "text": "*yəḇaʿătuhû* *ṣar* *û-məṣûqāh* *titqəp̄ēhû* *kəmeleḵ* *ʿātîd* *lakkîdôr*", "grammar": { "*yəḇaʿătuhû*": "piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - it terrifies him", "*ṣar*": "noun, masculine singular - distress", "*û-məṣûqāh*": "conjunction + noun, feminine singular - and anguish", "*titqəp̄ēhû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - it overpowers him", "*kəmeleḵ*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - like a king", "*ʿātîd*": "adjective, masculine singular - ready", "*lakkîdôr*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - for the attack" }, "variants": { "*bāʿat*": "to terrify, startle, fall upon", "*ṣar*": "distress, adversity, enemy", "*məṣûqāh*": "straits, distress, anguish", "*tāqap̄*": "to prevail, overpower", "*meleḵ*": "king, ruler, sovereign", "*ʿātîd*": "ready, prepared", "*kîdôr*": "attack, assault, battle array" } } 25 { "verseID": "Job.15.25", "source": "כִּי־נָטָה אֶל־אֵל יָדוֹ וְאֶל־שַׁדַּי יִתְגַּבָּר", "text": "*kî-nāṭāh* *ʾel-ʾēl* *yādô* *wə-ʾel-šadday* *yitgabbār*", "grammar": { "*kî-nāṭāh*": "conjunction + qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - because he stretched out", "*ʾel-ʾēl*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - against God", "*yādô*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his hand", "*wə-ʾel-šadday*": "conjunction + preposition + noun, masculine singular - and against the Almighty", "*yitgabbār*": "hithpael imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he shows himself mighty" }, "variants": { "*nāṭāh*": "to stretch out, extend, spread out", "*ʾēl*": "God, deity", "*yād*": "hand, power, side", "*šadday*": "Almighty, All-sufficient One", "*gāḇar*": "to be strong, mighty, prevail" } } 26 { "verseID": "Job.15.26", "source": "יָרוּץ אֵלָיו בְּצַוָּאר בַּעֲבִי גַּבֵּי מָגִנָּיו", "text": "*yārûṣ* *ʾēlāyw* *bəṣawwāʾr* *baʿăḇî* *gabbê* *māḡinnāyw*", "grammar": { "*yārûṣ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he runs", "*ʾēlāyw*": "preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - against him", "*bəṣawwāʾr*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - with neck", "*baʿăḇî*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - with the thickness of", "*gabbê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - bosses of", "*māḡinnāyw*": "noun, masculine plural + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his shields" }, "variants": { "*rûṣ*": "to run, rush, hurry", "*ṣawwāʾr*": "neck, back of neck", "*ʿŏḇî*": "thickness, density, cloud", "*gab*": "back, boss, rim, convex surface", "*māḡēn*": "shield, buckler, defense" } }
• Job 40:8-9 : 8 { "verseID": "Job.40.8", "source": "הַ֭אַף תָּפֵ֣ר מִשְׁפָּטִ֑י תַּ֝רְשִׁיעֵ֗נִי לְמַ֣עַן תִּצְדָּֽק׃", "text": "*hă-ʾap* *tāpēr* *mišpāṭî* *taršîʿēnî* *ləmaʿan* *tiṣdāq*", "grammar": { "*hă-ʾap*": "interrogative particle + conjunction - indeed, also, even", "*tāpēr*": "hiphil imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you will break/annul", "*mišpāṭî*": "noun, masculine singular + 1st singular suffix - my judgment", "*taršîʿēnî*": "hiphil imperfect, 2nd masculine singular + 1st singular suffix - you will condemn me", "*ləmaʿan*": "conjunction - in order that, so that", "*tiṣdāq*": "qal imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you may be justified/righteous" }, "variants": { "*ʾap*": "indeed, even, also, moreover", "*tāpēr*": "to break, annul, violate, frustrate", "*mišpāṭî*": "judgment, justice, ordinance, decision", "*taršîʿēnî*": "to condemn, declare guilty, act wickedly", "*tiṣdāq*": "to be righteous, be justified, be in the right" } } 9 { "verseID": "Job.40.9", "source": "וְאִם־זְר֖וֹעַ כָּאֵ֥ל ׀ לָ֑ךְ וּ֝בְק֗וֹל כָּמֹ֥הוּ תַרְעֵֽם׃", "text": "*wə-ʾim*-*zərôaʿ* *kā-ʾēl* *lāk* *û-bəqôl* *kāmōhû* *tarʿēm*", "grammar": { "*wə-ʾim*": "conjunction + conjunction - and if", "*zərôaʿ*": "noun, feminine singular - arm, strength, power", "*kā-ʾēl*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - like God", "*lāk*": "preposition + 2nd masculine singular suffix - to you, for you", "*û-bəqôl*": "conjunction + preposition + noun, masculine singular - and with voice", "*kāmōhû*": "preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - like him", "*tarʿēm*": "hiphil imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you thunder" }, "variants": { "*zərôaʿ*": "arm, strength, might, power", "*ʾēl*": "God, deity, mighty one", "*qôl*": "voice, sound, noise", "*tarʿēm*": "to thunder, roar, make a loud noise" } }
• Ps 2:2-9 : 2 { "verseID": "Psalms.2.2", "source": "יִ֥תְיַצְּב֨וּ ׀ מַלְכֵי־אֶ֗רֶץ וְרוֹזְנִ֥ים נֽוֹסְדוּ־יָ֑חַד עַל־יְ֝הוָה וְעַל־מְשִׁיחֽוֹ", "text": "*yiṯyaṣṣəḇû* *malḵê*-*ʾereṣ* *wə-rôzənîm* *nôsəḏû*-*yāḥaḏ* *ʿal*-*YHWH* *wə-ʿal*-*məšîḥô*", "grammar": { "*yiṯyaṣṣəḇû*": "hithpael imperfect, 3rd person plural - they set themselves/take a stand", "*malḵê*": "construct masculine plural noun - kings of", "*ʾereṣ*": "feminine singular noun - earth/land", "*wə-rôzənîm*": "conjunction + masculine plural noun - and rulers/princes", "*nôsəḏû*": "niphal perfect, 3rd person plural - they take counsel together/consult together", "*yāḥaḏ*": "adverb - together/unitedly", "*ʿal*": "preposition - against/upon", "*YHWH*": "proper name - LORD/Yahweh", "*wə-ʿal*": "conjunction + preposition - and against", "*məšîḥô*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his anointed one" }, "variants": { "*yiṯyaṣṣəḇû*": "take a stand/set themselves/station themselves", "*rôzənîm*": "rulers/princes/potentates", "*nôsəḏû*": "consult together/take counsel together/conspire", "*məšîḥô*": "his anointed one/his messiah" } } 3 { "verseID": "Psalms.2.3", "source": "נְֽ֭נַתְּקָה אֶת־מֽוֹסְרוֹתֵ֑ימוֹ וְנַשְׁלִ֖יכָה מִמֶּ֣נּוּ עֲבֹתֵֽימוֹ", "text": "*nənatəqâ* *ʾeṯ*-*môsərôṯêmô* *wə-našlîḵâ* *mimmennû* *ʿăḇōṯêmô*", "grammar": { "*nənatəqâ*": "piel cohortative, 1st person plural - let us tear off/break", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*môsərôṯêmô*": "feminine plural noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their bonds/fetters", "*wə-našlîḵâ*": "conjunction + hiphil cohortative, 1st person plural - and let us cast away", "*mimmennû*": "preposition + 1st person plural suffix - from us", "*ʿăḇōṯêmô*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their cords/ropes" }, "variants": { "*nənatəqâ*": "let us tear off/break/snap", "*môsərôṯêmô*": "their bonds/fetters/restraints", "*našlîḵâ*": "let us cast away/throw off/fling", "*ʿăḇōṯêmô*": "their cords/ropes/bonds" } } 4 { "verseID": "Psalms.2.4", "source": "יוֹשֵׁ֣ב בַּשָּׁמַ֣יִם יִשְׂחָ֑ק אֲ֝דֹנָ֗י יִלְעַג־לָֽמוֹ", "text": "*yôšēḇ* *baššāmayim* *yiśḥāq* *ʾăḏōnāy* *yilʿaḡ*-*lāmô*", "grammar": { "*yôšēḇ*": "qal participle, masculine singular - the one sitting/dwelling", "*baššāmayim*": "preposition + definite article + masculine plural noun - in the heavens", "*yiśḥāq*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he laughs/mocks", "*ʾăḏōnāy*": "proper noun - Lord/Master", "*yilʿaḡ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he scoffs/mocks/derides", "*lāmô*": "preposition with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - at them" }, "variants": { "*yôšēḇ*": "one sitting/dwelling/enthroned", "*yiśḥāq*": "laughs/mocks/ridicules", "*yilʿaḡ*": "scoffs/mocks/derides/holds in derision" } } 5 { "verseID": "Psalms.2.5", "source": "אָ֤ז יְדַבֵּ֣ר אֵלֵ֣ימוֹ בְאַפּ֑וֹ וּֽבַחֲרוֹנ֥וֹ יְבַהֲלֵֽמוֹ", "text": "*ʾāz* *yəḏabbēr* *ʾēlêmô* *ḇəʾappô* *û-ḇaḥărônô* *yəḇahălēmô*", "grammar": { "*ʾāz*": "adverb - then", "*yəḏabbēr*": "piel imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he will speak", "*ʾēlêmô*": "preposition with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - to them", "*ḇəʾappô*": "preposition + masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - in his anger/nostril", "*û-ḇaḥărônô*": "conjunction + preposition + masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - and in his burning anger/wrath", "*yəḇahălēmô*": "piel imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - he will terrify/dismay them" }, "variants": { "*yəḏabbēr*": "speak/rebuke/address", "*ḇəʾappô*": "in his anger/nostril/face", "*ḥărônô*": "burning anger/fierce wrath/rage", "*yəḇahălēmô*": "terrify/dismay/alarm/overwhelm them" } } 6 { "verseID": "Psalms.2.6", "source": "וַ֭אֲנִי נָסַ֣כְתִּי מַלְכִּ֑י עַל־צִ֝יּ֗וֹן הַר־קָדְשִֽׁי", "text": "*wa-ʾănî* *nāsaḵtî* *malkî* *ʿal*-*ṣiyyôn* *har*-*qāḏšî*", "grammar": { "*wa-ʾănî*": "conjunction + 1st person singular pronoun - and I", "*nāsaḵtî*": "qal perfect, 1st person singular - I have installed/established", "*malkî*": "masculine singular noun with 1st person singular suffix - my king", "*ʿal*": "preposition - upon/over", "*ṣiyyôn*": "proper noun - Zion", "*har*": "masculine singular construct noun - mountain of", "*qāḏšî*": "masculine singular noun with 1st person singular suffix - my holiness/holy place" }, "variants": { "*nāsaḵtî*": "installed/established/set/anointed", "*ṣiyyôn*": "Zion (the hill of Jerusalem)", "*har-qāḏšî*": "my holy mountain/mountain of my holiness/my sacred hill" } } 7 { "verseID": "Psalms.2.7", "source": "אֲסַפְּרָ֗ה אֶֽל חֹ֥ק יְֽהוָ֗ה אָמַ֘ר אֵלַ֥י בְּנִ֥י אַ֑תָּה אֲ֝נִ֗י הַיּ֥וֹם יְלִדְתִּֽיךָ", "text": "*ʾăsappərâ* *ʾel* *ḥōq* *YHWH* *ʾāmar* *ʾēlay* *bənî* *ʾattâ* *ʾănî* *hayyôm* *yəliḏtîḵā*", "grammar": { "*ʾăsappərâ*": "piel cohortative, 1st person singular - I will declare/recount/tell", "*ʾel*": "preposition - concerning/regarding", "*ḥōq*": "masculine singular noun - decree/statute/ordinance", "*YHWH*": "proper name - LORD/Yahweh", "*ʾāmar*": "qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he said", "*ʾēlay*": "preposition with 1st person singular suffix - to me", "*bənî*": "masculine singular noun with 1st person singular suffix - my son", "*ʾattâ*": "2nd person masculine singular pronoun - you", "*ʾănî*": "1st person singular pronoun - I", "*hayyôm*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the day/today", "*yəliḏtîḵā*": "qal perfect, 1st person singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - I have begotten you" }, "variants": { "*ʾăsappərâ*": "declare/recount/tell/proclaim", "*ḥōq*": "decree/statute/ordinance/appointed thing", "*yəliḏtîḵā*": "begotten you/brought you forth/fathered you" } } 8 { "verseID": "Psalms.2.8", "source": "שְׁאַ֤ל מִמֶּ֗נִּי וְאֶתְּנָ֣ה ג֭וֹיִם נַחֲלָתֶ֑ךָ וַ֝אֲחֻזָּתְךָ֗ אַפְסֵי־אָֽרֶץ", "text": "*šəʾal* *mimmennî* *wə-ʾettənâ* *ḡôyim* *naḥălāṯeḵā* *wa-ʾăḥuzzāṯəḵā* *ʾap̄sê*-*ʾāreṣ*", "grammar": { "*šəʾal*": "qal imperative, masculine singular - ask", "*mimmennî*": "preposition with 1st person singular suffix - from me", "*wə-ʾettənâ*": "conjunction + qal cohortative, 1st person singular - and I will give", "*ḡôyim*": "masculine plural noun - nations/gentiles", "*naḥălāṯeḵā*": "feminine singular noun with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your inheritance", "*wa-ʾăḥuzzāṯəḵā*": "conjunction + feminine singular noun with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - and your possession", "*ʾap̄sê*": "masculine plural construct noun - ends of", "*ʾāreṣ*": "feminine singular noun - earth/land" }, "variants": { "*šəʾal*": "ask/request/demand", "*ḡôyim*": "nations/gentiles/heathen peoples", "*naḥălāṯeḵā*": "your inheritance/heritage/possession", "*ʾăḥuzzāṯəḵā*": "your possession/property/holding", "*ʾap̄sê-ʾāreṣ*": "ends of the earth/uttermost parts of the land" } } 9 { "verseID": "Psalms.2.9", "source": "תְּ֭רֹעֵם בְּשֵׁ֣בֶט בַּרְזֶ֑ל כִּכְלִ֖י יוֹצֵ֣ר תְּנַפְּצֵֽם", "text": "*tərōʿēm* *bəšēḇeṭ* *barzel* *kiḵlî* *yôṣēr* *tənapṣēm*", "grammar": { "*tərōʿēm*": "qal imperfect, 2nd person masculine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - you will break/shatter them", "*bəšēḇeṭ*": "preposition + masculine singular noun - with a rod/staff", "*barzel*": "masculine singular noun - iron", "*kiḵlî*": "preposition + masculine singular construct noun - like a vessel of", "*yôṣēr*": "qal participle, masculine singular - potter/one forming", "*tənapṣēm*": "piel imperfect, 2nd person masculine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - you will dash them to pieces" }, "variants": { "*tərōʿēm*": "break/shatter/rule/shepherd them", "*šēḇeṭ*": "rod/staff/club/scepter", "*barzel*": "iron/iron tool", "*kiḵlî yôṣēr*": "like a potter's vessel/like an earthen vessel", "*tənapṣēm*": "dash them to pieces/shatter them/smash them" } }