{ "verseID": "Proverbs.25.1", "source": "גַּם־אֵ֭לֶּה מִשְׁלֵ֣י שְׁלֹמֹ֑ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר הֶ֝עְתִּ֗יקוּ אַנְשֵׁ֤י ׀ חִזְקִיָּ֬ה מֶֽלֶךְ־יְהוּדָֽה׃", "text": "Also these *mišlê* *šĕlōmōh* which *heʿtîqû* *ʾanšê* *ḥizqiyyāh* *melek*-*yĕhûdāh*", "grammar": { "*gam*": "conjunction - also/moreover", "*ʾēlleh*": "demonstrative pronoun, plural - these", "*mišlê*": "construct state of *mašal*, plural - proverbs of", "*šĕlōmōh*": "proper noun - Solomon", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that", "*heʿtîqû*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd person plural - they transcribed/copied/collected", "*ʾanšê*": "construct state of *ʾîš*, plural - men of", "*ḥizqiyyāh*": "proper noun - Hezekiah", "*melek*": "noun, construct - king of", "*yĕhûdāh*": "proper noun - Judah" }, "variants": { "*mišlê*": "proverbs of/parables of/sayings of", "*heʿtîqû*": "transcribed/copied/collected/compiled/transferred", "*ʾanšê*": "men of/people of/servants of" } }

{ "verseID": "Proverbs.25.2", "source": "כְּבֹ֣ד אֱ֭לֹהִים הַסְתֵּ֣ר דָּבָ֑ר וּכְבֹ֥ד מְ֝לָכִ֗ים חֲקֹ֣ר דָּבָֽר׃", "text": "*kĕbōd* *ʾĕlōhîm* *hastēr* *dābār* and-*kĕbōd* *mĕlākîm* *ḥăqōr* *dābār*", "grammar": { "*kĕbōd*": "noun, construct state - glory of/honor of", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine plural (divine singular) - God", "*hastēr*": "hiphil infinitive construct - to hide/conceal", "*dābār*": "noun, masculine singular - word/thing/matter", "*û*": "conjunction - and", "*mĕlākîm*": "noun, masculine plural - kings", "*ḥăqōr*": "qal infinitive construct - to search out/investigate" }, "variants": { "*kĕbōd*": "glory/honor/splendor", "*hastēr*": "to hide/conceal/cover", "*dābār*": "word/thing/matter/affair", "*ḥăqōr*": "to search out/investigate/examine thoroughly" } }

{ "verseID": "Proverbs.25.3", "source": "שָׁמַ֣יִם לָ֭רוּם וָאָ֣רֶץ לָעֹ֑מֶק וְלֵ֥ב מְ֝לָכִ֗ים אֵ֣ין חֵֽקֶר׃", "text": "*šāmayim* for-*rûm* and-*ʾāreṣ* for-*ʿōmeq* and-*lēb* *mĕlākîm* *ʾên* *ḥēqer*", "grammar": { "*šāmayim*": "noun, masculine dual - heavens", "*lā*": "preposition - to/for/regarding", "*rûm*": "noun, masculine singular - height", "*wĕ*": "conjunction - and", "*ʾāreṣ*": "noun, feminine singular - earth/land", "*lā*": "preposition - to/for/regarding", "*ʿōmeq*": "noun, masculine singular - depth", "*lēb*": "noun, masculine singular construct - heart of", "*mĕlākîm*": "noun, masculine plural - kings", "*ʾên*": "particle of negation - there is no", "*ḥēqer*": "noun, masculine singular - searching/investigation" }, "variants": { "*šāmayim*": "heavens/sky", "*rûm*": "height/loftiness/exaltation", "*ʾāreṣ*": "earth/land/ground", "*ʿōmeq*": "depth/deepness", "*lēb*": "heart/mind/will/inner person", "*ḥēqer*": "searching/investigation/fathoming" } }

{ "verseID": "Proverbs.25.4", "source": "הָג֣וֹ סִיגִ֣ים מִכָּ֑סֶף וַיֵּצֵ֖א לַצֹּרֵ֣ף כֶּֽלִי׃", "text": "*hāgô* *sîgîm* from-*kāsep* and-*yēṣēʾ* to-*ṣōrēp* *kelî*", "grammar": { "*hāgô*": "qal infinitive absolute - remove/take away", "*sîgîm*": "noun, masculine plural - dross/impurities", "*mi*": "preposition - from", "*kāsep*": "noun, masculine singular - silver", "*wa*": "conjunction - and", "*yēṣēʾ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - it will come out/emerge", "*la*": "preposition - to/for", "*ṣōrēp*": "qal participle, masculine singular - refiner/silversmith", "*kelî*": "noun, masculine singular - vessel/utensil" }, "variants": { "*hāgô*": "remove/take away/purge", "*sîgîm*": "dross/impurities/refuse", "*yēṣēʾ*": "will come out/emerge/result", "*ṣōrēp*": "refiner/silversmith/one who smelts", "*kelî*": "vessel/utensil/object/implement" } }

{ "verseID": "Proverbs.25.5", "source": "הָג֣וֹ רָ֭שָׁע לִפְנֵי־מֶ֑לֶךְ וְיִכּ֖וֹן בַּצֶּ֣דֶק כִּסְאֽוֹ׃", "text": "*hāgô* *rāšāʿ* from-before-*melek* and-*yikkôn* in-*ṣedeq* *kisʾô*", "grammar": { "*hāgô*": "qal infinitive absolute - remove/take away", "*rāšāʿ*": "adjective, masculine singular - wicked person", "*li-pnê*": "preposition + construct noun - from before", "*melek*": "noun, masculine singular - king", "*wĕ*": "conjunction - and", "*yikkôn*": "niphal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - it will be established", "*ba*": "preposition - in/with", "*ṣedeq*": "noun, masculine singular - righteousness", "*kisʾô*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his throne" }, "variants": { "*hāgô*": "remove/take away/purge", "*rāšāʿ*": "wicked person/evil one/guilty person", "*yikkôn*": "will be established/will be firm/will be secure", "*ṣedeq*": "righteousness/justice/rightness", "*kisʾô*": "his throne/his seat of authority" } }

{ "verseID": "Proverbs.25.6", "source": "אַל־תִּתְהַדַּ֥ר לִפְנֵי־מֶ֑לֶךְ וּבִמְק֥וֹם גְּ֝דֹלִ֗ים אַֽל־תַּעֲמֹֽד׃", "text": "*ʾal*-*tithaddār* before-*melek* and-in-*māqôm* *gĕdōlîm* *ʾal*-*taʿămōd*", "grammar": { "*ʾal*": "negative particle for direct prohibition - do not", "*tithaddār*": "hithpael imperfect, 2nd person masculine singular - you glorify yourself", "*li-pnê*": "preposition + construct noun - before", "*melek*": "noun, masculine singular - king", "*û*": "conjunction - and", "*bi*": "preposition - in", "*māqôm*": "noun, masculine singular construct - place of", "*gĕdōlîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - great ones", "*taʿămōd*": "qal imperfect, 2nd person masculine singular - you stand" }, "variants": { "*tithaddār*": "glorify yourself/honor yourself/make yourself important", "*māqôm*": "place/position/site", "*gĕdōlîm*": "great ones/important people/nobles", "*taʿămōd*": "stand/take your place/present yourself" } }

{ "verseID": "Proverbs.25.7", "source": "כִּ֤י ט֥וֹב אֲמָר־לְךָ֗ עֲ‍ֽלֵ֫ה הֵ֥נָּה מֵֽ֭הַשְׁפִּ֣ילְךָ לִפְנֵ֣י נָדִ֑יב אֲשֶׁ֖ר רָא֣וּ עֵינֶֽיךָ׃", "text": "For *ṭôb* *ʾămār*-to-you *ʿălēh* *hēnnāh* than-*hašpîlĕkā* before *nādîb* whom *rāʾû* *ʿênêkā*", "grammar": { "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*ṭôb*": "adjective, masculine singular - good", "*ʾămār*": "qal infinitive construct - to say", "*lĕkā*": "preposition + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - to you", "*ʿălēh*": "qal imperative, masculine singular - come up", "*hēnnāh*": "adverb - here/hither", "*mē*": "preposition - from/than", "*hašpîlĕkā*": "hiphil infinitive construct + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - to humiliate you", "*li-pnê*": "preposition + construct noun - before", "*nādîb*": "noun, masculine singular - noble/prince", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - whom", "*rāʾû*": "qal perfect, 3rd person plural - they saw", "*ʿênêkā*": "noun, feminine dual construct + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your eyes" }, "variants": { "*ṭôb*": "good/better/preferable", "*ʾămār*": "to say/to tell", "*ʿălēh*": "come up/ascend/go up", "*hēnnāh*": "here/hither/to this place", "*hašpîlĕkā*": "to humiliate you/to bring you low/to debase you", "*nādîb*": "noble/prince/generous person/dignitary", "*rāʾû*": "they saw/they observed/they witnessed" } }

{ "verseID": "Proverbs.25.8", "source": "אַל־תֵּצֵ֥א לָרִ֗ב מַ֫הֵ֥ר פֶּ֣ן מַה־תַּ֭עֲשֶׂה בְּאַחֲרִיתָ֑הּ בְּהַכְלִ֖ים אֹתְךָ֣ רֵעֶֽךָ׃", "text": "*ʾal*-*tēṣēʾ* to-*rîb* *mahēr* lest what-*taʿăśeh* in-*ʾaḥărîtāh* when-*haklîm* you *rēʿekā*", "grammar": { "*ʾal*": "negative particle for direct prohibition - do not", "*tēṣēʾ*": "qal imperfect, 2nd person masculine singular - you go out", "*lā*": "preposition - to/for", "*rîb*": "noun, masculine singular - dispute/controversy", "*mahēr*": "adverb - quickly/hastily", "*pen*": "conjunction - lest", "*mah*": "interrogative pronoun - what", "*taʿăśeh*": "qal imperfect, 2nd person masculine singular - you will do", "*bĕ*": "preposition - in", "*ʾaḥărîtāh*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - its end", "*bĕ*": "preposition - in/when", "*haklîm*": "hiphil infinitive construct - to shame/humiliate", "*ʾōtĕkā*": "direct object marker + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - you", "*rēʿekā*": "noun, masculine singular + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your neighbor" }, "variants": { "*tēṣēʾ*": "go out/proceed/start", "*rîb*": "dispute/controversy/legal case/quarrel", "*mahēr*": "quickly/hastily/rashly", "*taʿăśeh*": "you will do/you will act/you will perform", "*ʾaḥărîtāh*": "its end/its outcome/its future", "*haklîm*": "to shame/humiliate/disgrace", "*rēʿekā*": "your neighbor/your friend/your companion" } }

{ "verseID": "Proverbs.25.9", "source": "רִֽ֭יבְךָ רִ֣יב אֶת־רֵעֶ֑ךָ וְס֖וֹד אַחֵ֣ר אַל־תְּגָֽל׃", "text": "*rîbĕkā* *rîb* with-*rēʿekā* and-*sôd* *ʾaḥēr* *ʾal*-*tĕgāl*", "grammar": { "*rîbĕkā*": "noun, masculine singular + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your dispute", "*rîb*": "qal imperative, masculine singular - dispute/argue", "*ʾet*": "preposition - with", "*rēʿekā*": "noun, masculine singular + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your neighbor", "*wĕ*": "conjunction - and", "*sôd*": "noun, masculine singular - secret", "*ʾaḥēr*": "adjective, masculine singular - another", "*ʾal*": "negative particle for direct prohibition - do not", "*tĕgāl*": "piel imperfect, 2nd person masculine singular - you reveal" }, "variants": { "*rîbĕkā*": "your dispute/your case/your controversy", "*rîb*": "dispute/argue/contend", "*rēʿekā*": "your neighbor/your friend/your companion", "*sôd*": "secret/confidence/council", "*ʾaḥēr*": "another/other/someone else's", "*tĕgāl*": "reveal/uncover/disclose" } }

{ "verseID": "Proverbs.25.10", "source": "פֶּֽן־יְחַסֶּדְךָ֥ שֹׁמֵ֑עַ וְ֝דִבָּתְךָ֗ לֹ֣א תָשֽׁוּב׃", "text": "Lest *yĕḥassedĕkā* *šōmēaʿ* and-*dibbātĕkā* *lōʾ* *tāšûb*", "grammar": { "*pen*": "conjunction - lest", "*yĕḥassedĕkā*": "piel imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - he will reproach you", "*šōmēaʿ*": "qal participle, masculine singular - hearing one/listener", "*wĕ*": "conjunction - and", "*dibbātĕkā*": "noun, feminine singular + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your slander", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*tāšûb*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular - it will return/turn back" }, "variants": { "*yĕḥassedĕkā*": "reproach you/insult you/defame you", "*šōmēaʿ*": "hearer/listener/one who hears", "*dibbātĕkā*": "your slander/your evil report/your defamation", "*tāšûb*": "will return/will turn back/will be retracted" } }

{ "verseID": "Proverbs.25.11", "source": "תַּפּוּחֵ֣י זָ֭הָב בְּמַשְׂכִּיּ֣וֹת כָּ֑סֶף דָּ֝בָ֗ר דָּבֻ֥ר עַל־אָפְנָֽיו׃", "text": "*tappûḥê* *zāhāb* in-*maśkiyyôt* *kāsep* *dābār* *dābur* upon-*ʾopnāyw*", "grammar": { "*tappûḥê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - apples of", "*zāhāb*": "noun, masculine singular - gold", "*bĕ*": "preposition - in", "*maśkiyyôt*": "noun, feminine plural construct - carvings/images of", "*kāsep*": "noun, masculine singular - silver", "*dābār*": "noun, masculine singular - word", "*dābur*": "qal passive participle, masculine singular - spoken", "*ʿal*": "preposition - upon/according to", "*ʾopnāyw*": "noun, masculine plural + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - its wheels/its circumstances" }, "variants": { "*tappûḥê*": "apples of/fruit of", "*maśkiyyôt*": "carvings/images/settings/designs", "*dābār*": "word/speech/statement", "*dābur*": "spoken/uttered", "*ʾopnāyw*": "its wheels/its circumstances/its proper times/its settings/its manner" } }

{ "verseID": "Proverbs.25.12", "source": "נֶ֣זֶם זָ֭הָב וַחֲלִי־כָ֑תֶם מוֹכִ֥יחַ חָ֝כָ֗ם עַל־אֹ֥זֶן שֹׁמָֽעַת׃", "text": "*nezem* *zāhāb* and-*ḥălî*-*kātem* *môkîaḥ* *ḥākām* upon-*ʾōzen* *šōmāʿat*", "grammar": { "*nezem*": "noun, masculine singular - ring/earring", "*zāhāb*": "noun, masculine singular - gold", "*wa*": "conjunction - and", "*ḥălî*": "noun, masculine singular construct - ornament of", "*kātem*": "noun, masculine singular - fine gold", "*môkîaḥ*": "hiphil participle, masculine singular - one who reproves", "*ḥākām*": "adjective, masculine singular - wise", "*ʿal*": "preposition - upon", "*ʾōzen*": "noun, feminine singular construct - ear of", "*šōmāʿat*": "qal participle, feminine singular - hearing/listening" }, "variants": { "*nezem*": "ring/earring/nose-ring", "*ḥălî*": "ornament/jewelry/decoration", "*kātem*": "fine gold/pure gold", "*môkîaḥ*": "one who reproves/one who rebukes/one who corrects", "*ḥākām*": "wise/skilful/experienced", "*šōmāʿat*": "hearing/listening/attentive" } }

{ "verseID": "Proverbs.25.13", "source": "כְּצִנַּת־שֶׁ֨לֶג ׀ בְּי֬וֹם קָצִ֗יר צִ֣יר נֶ֭אֱמָן לְשֹׁלְחָ֑יו וְנֶ֖פֶשׁ אֲדֹנָ֣יו יָשִֽׁיב׃", "text": "Like-*ṣinnat*-*šeleg* in-*yôm* *qāṣîr* *ṣîr* *neʾĕmān* to-*šōlĕḥāyw* and-*nepeš* *ʾădōnāyw* *yāšîb*", "grammar": { "*kĕ*": "preposition - like/as", "*ṣinnat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - coolness of", "*šeleg*": "noun, masculine singular - snow", "*bĕ*": "preposition - in", "*yôm*": "noun, masculine singular construct - day of", "*qāṣîr*": "noun, masculine singular - harvest", "*ṣîr*": "noun, masculine singular - messenger", "*neʾĕmān*": "niphal participle, masculine singular - faithful", "*lĕ*": "preposition - to", "*šōlĕḥāyw*": "qal participle, masculine plural + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his senders", "*wĕ*": "conjunction - and", "*nepeš*": "noun, feminine singular construct - soul of", "*ʾădōnāyw*": "noun, masculine plural + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his masters", "*yāšîb*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he will restore" }, "variants": { "*ṣinnat*": "coolness/cold/refreshing", "*šeleg*": "snow", "*qāṣîr*": "harvest/harvesting season", "*ṣîr*": "messenger/envoy/ambassador", "*neʾĕmān*": "faithful/trustworthy/reliable", "*šōlĕḥāyw*": "his senders/those who sent him", "*nepeš*": "soul/life/person/desire", "*ʾădōnāyw*": "his masters/his lords", "*yāšîb*": "will restore/will refresh/will return" } }

{ "verseID": "Proverbs.25.14", "source": "נְשִׂיאִ֣ים וְ֭רוּחַ וְגֶ֣שֶׁם אָ֑יִן אִ֥ישׁ מִ֝תְהַלֵּ֗ל בְּמַתַּת־שָֽׁקֶר׃", "text": "*nĕśîʾîm* and-*rûaḥ* and-*gešem* *ʾāyin* *ʾîš* *mithallēl* in-*mattat*-*šāqer*", "grammar": { "*nĕśîʾîm*": "noun, masculine plural - clouds", "*wĕ*": "conjunction - and", "*rûaḥ*": "noun, feminine singular - wind", "*wĕ*": "conjunction - and", "*gešem*": "noun, masculine singular - rain", "*ʾāyin*": "particle of negation - there is not", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - man", "*mithallēl*": "hithpael participle, masculine singular - boasting", "*bĕ*": "preposition - in", "*mattat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - gift of", "*šāqer*": "noun, masculine singular - falsehood" }, "variants": { "*nĕśîʾîm*": "clouds/vapor", "*rûaḥ*": "wind/breath/spirit", "*gešem*": "rain/shower", "*ʾîš*": "man/person/one", "*mithallēl*": "boasting/praising himself/glorying", "*mattat*": "gift/present/donation", "*šāqer*": "falsehood/deception/lie" } }

{ "verseID": "Proverbs.25.15", "source": "בְּאֹ֣רֶךְ אַ֭פַּיִם יְפֻתֶּ֣ה קָצִ֑ין וְלָשׁ֥וֹן רַ֝כָּ֗ה תִּשְׁבָּר־גָּֽרֶם׃", "text": "In-*ʾōrek* *ʾappayim* *yĕputteh* *qāṣîn* and-*lāšôn* *rakkāh* *tišbār*-*gārem*", "grammar": { "*bĕ*": "preposition - in/by", "*ʾōrek*": "noun, masculine singular construct - patience of", "*ʾappayim*": "noun, masculine dual - nostrils/anger", "*yĕputteh*": "pual imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he is persuaded", "*qāṣîn*": "noun, masculine singular - ruler/judge", "*wĕ*": "conjunction - and", "*lāšôn*": "noun, feminine singular - tongue", "*rakkāh*": "adjective, feminine singular - soft/gentle", "*tišbār*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular - it breaks", "*gārem*": "noun, masculine singular - bone" }, "variants": { "*ʾōrek*": "patience/slowness/length", "*ʾappayim*": "nostrils/anger/wrath (idiom for patience)", "*yĕputteh*": "is persuaded/is convinced/is won over", "*qāṣîn*": "ruler/judge/commander", "*lāšôn*": "tongue/language/speech", "*rakkāh*": "soft/gentle/tender", "*tišbār*": "breaks/shatters/crushes", "*gārem*": "bone/strength" } }

{ "verseID": "Proverbs.25.16", "source": "דְּבַ֣שׁ מָ֭צָאתָ אֱכֹ֣ל דַּיֶּ֑ךָּ פֶּן־תִּ֝שְׂבָּעֶ֗נּוּ וַהֲקֵֽאתֽוֹ׃", "text": "*dĕbaš* *māṣāʾtā* *ʾĕkōl* *dayyekkā* lest-*tiśbāʿennû* and-*hăqēʾōtô*", "grammar": { "*dĕbaš*": "noun, masculine singular - honey", "*māṣāʾtā*": "qal perfect, 2nd person masculine singular - you have found", "*ʾĕkōl*": "qal imperative, masculine singular - eat", "*dayyekkā*": "noun, masculine singular + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your sufficiency", "*pen*": "conjunction - lest", "*tiśbāʿennû*": "qal imperfect, 2nd person masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - you will be filled with it", "*wa*": "conjunction - and", "*hăqēʾōtô*": "hiphil perfect, 2nd person masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - you will vomit it" }, "variants": { "*dĕbaš*": "honey/sweet substance", "*māṣāʾtā*": "you have found/you discovered", "*ʾĕkōl*": "eat/consume", "*dayyekkā*": "your sufficiency/your fill/enough for you", "*tiśbāʿennû*": "you will be filled with it/you will be satiated with it", "*hăqēʾōtô*": "you will vomit it/you will spew it out" } }

{ "verseID": "Proverbs.25.17", "source": "הֹקַ֣ר רַ֭גְלְךָ מִבֵּ֣ית רֵעֶ֑ךָ פֶּן־יִ֝שְׂבָּעֲךָ֗ וּשְׂנֵאֶֽךָ׃", "text": "*hōqar* *raglĕkā* from-*bêt* *rēʿekā* lest-*yiśbāʿăkā* and-*śĕnēʾekā*", "grammar": { "*hōqar*": "hiphil imperative, masculine singular - make rare/withdraw", "*raglĕkā*": "noun, feminine singular + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your foot", "*mi*": "preposition - from", "*bêt*": "noun, masculine singular construct - house of", "*rēʿekā*": "noun, masculine singular + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your neighbor", "*pen*": "conjunction - lest", "*yiśbāʿăkā*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - he will be filled with you", "*û*": "conjunction - and", "*śĕnēʾekā*": "qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - he will hate you" }, "variants": { "*hōqar*": "make rare/withdraw/hold back", "*raglĕkā*": "your foot/your visit", "*bêt*": "house/home", "*rēʿekā*": "your neighbor/your friend/your companion", "*yiśbāʿăkā*": "he will be filled with you/he will have too much of you", "*śĕnēʾekā*": "he will hate you/he will detest you" } }

{ "verseID": "Proverbs.25.18", "source": "מֵפִ֣יץ וְ֭חֶרֶב וְחֵ֣ץ שָׁנ֑וּן אִ֥ישׁ עֹנֶ֥ה בְ֝רֵעֵ֗הוּ עֵ֣ד שָֽׁקֶר׃", "text": "*mēpîṣ* and-*ḥereb* and-*ḥēṣ* *šānûn* *ʾîš* *ʿōneh* against-*rēʿēhû* *ʿēd* *šāqer*", "grammar": { "*mēpîṣ*": "noun, masculine singular - club/mace", "*wĕ*": "conjunction - and", "*ḥereb*": "noun, feminine singular - sword", "*wĕ*": "conjunction - and", "*ḥēṣ*": "noun, masculine singular - arrow", "*šānûn*": "qal passive participle, masculine singular - sharpened", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - man", "*ʿōneh*": "qal participle, masculine singular - testifying", "*bĕ*": "preposition - against", "*rēʿēhû*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his neighbor", "*ʿēd*": "noun, masculine singular construct - witness of", "*šāqer*": "noun, masculine singular - falsehood" }, "variants": { "*mēpîṣ*": "club/mace/hammer/maul", "*ḥereb*": "sword/knife", "*ḥēṣ*": "arrow/shaft", "*šānûn*": "sharpened/pointed", "*ʿōneh*": "testifying/answering/responding", "*rēʿēhû*": "his neighbor/his friend/his companion", "*ʿēd*": "witness/testimony", "*šāqer*": "falsehood/lie/deception" } }

{ "verseID": "Proverbs.25.19", "source": "שֵׁ֣ן רֹ֭עָה וְרֶ֣גֶל מוּעָ֑דֶת מִבְטָ֥ח בּ֝וֹגֵ֗ד בְּי֣וֹם צָרֽ͏ָה׃", "text": "*šēn* *rōʿāh* and-*regel* *mûʿādet* *mibṭāḥ* *bôgēd* in-*yôm* *ṣārāh*", "grammar": { "*šēn*": "noun, feminine singular - tooth", "*rōʿāh*": "qal participle, feminine singular - breaking", "*wĕ*": "conjunction - and", "*regel*": "noun, feminine singular - foot", "*mûʿādet*": "hophal participle, feminine singular - caused to slip", "*mibṭāḥ*": "noun, masculine singular - trust/confidence in", "*bôgēd*": "qal participle, masculine singular - traitor", "*bĕ*": "preposition - in", "*yôm*": "noun, masculine singular construct - day of", "*ṣārāh*": "noun, feminine singular - distress" }, "variants": { "*šēn*": "tooth", "*rōʿāh*": "breaking/decaying/bad", "*regel*": "foot/leg", "*mûʿādet*": "caused to slip/made to stumble/unstable", "*mibṭāḥ*": "trust/confidence/reliance", "*bôgēd*": "traitor/treacherous person/unfaithful one", "*yôm*": "day/time", "*ṣārāh*": "distress/trouble/adversity" } }

{ "verseID": "Proverbs.25.20", "source": "מַ֥עֲדֶה בֶּ֨גֶד ׀ בְּי֣וֹם קָ֭רָה חֹ֣מֶץ עַל־נָ֑תֶר וְשָׁ֥ר בַּ֝שִּׁרִ֗ים עַ֣ל לֶב־רָֽע׃", "text": "*maʿădeh* *beged* in-*yôm* *qārāh* *ḥōmeṣ* upon-*nāter* and-*šār* in-*šîrîm* upon *leb*-*rāʿ*", "grammar": { "*maʿădeh*": "hiphil participle, masculine singular - removing", "*beged*": "noun, masculine singular - garment", "*bĕ*": "preposition - in", "*yôm*": "noun, masculine singular construct - day of", "*qārāh*": "noun, feminine singular - cold", "*ḥōmeṣ*": "noun, masculine singular - vinegar", "*ʿal*": "preposition - upon", "*nāter*": "noun, masculine singular - natron/soda", "*wĕ*": "conjunction - and", "*šār*": "qal participle, masculine singular - singing", "*ba*": "preposition - in", "*šîrîm*": "noun, masculine plural - songs", "*ʿal*": "preposition - upon", "*leb*": "noun, masculine singular construct - heart of", "*rāʿ*": "adjective, masculine singular - bad/sad" }, "variants": { "*maʿădeh*": "removing/taking off", "*beged*": "garment/clothing/covering", "*qārāh*": "cold/winter", "*ḥōmeṣ*": "vinegar/sour wine", "*nāter*": "natron/soda/alkaline substance", "*šār*": "singing/chanting", "*šîrîm*": "songs/lyrics/melodies", "*leb*": "heart/mind/inner person", "*rāʿ*": "bad/sad/sorrowful" } }

{ "verseID": "Proverbs.25.21", "source": "אִם־רָעֵ֣ב שֹׂ֭נַאֲךָ הַאֲכִלֵ֣הוּ לָ֑חֶם וְאִם־צָ֝מֵ֗א הַשְׁקֵ֥הוּ מָֽיִם׃", "text": "If-*rāʿēb* *śōnaʾăkā* *haʾăkîlēhû* *lāḥem* and-if-*ṣāmēʾ* *hašqēhû* *māyim*", "grammar": { "*ʾim*": "conjunction - if", "*rāʿēb*": "adjective, masculine singular - hungry", "*śōnaʾăkā*": "qal participle, masculine singular + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - one hating you", "*haʾăkîlēhû*": "hiphil imperative, masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - cause him to eat", "*lāḥem*": "noun, masculine singular - bread", "*wĕ*": "conjunction - and", "*ʾim*": "conjunction - if", "*ṣāmēʾ*": "adjective, masculine singular - thirsty", "*hašqēhû*": "hiphil imperative, masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - cause him to drink", "*māyim*": "noun, masculine plural - water" }, "variants": { "*rāʿēb*": "hungry/famished", "*śōnaʾăkā*": "one hating you/your enemy/your foe", "*haʾăkîlēhû*": "cause him to eat/feed him", "*lāḥem*": "bread/food", "*ṣāmēʾ*": "thirsty", "*hašqēhû*": "cause him to drink/give him drink", "*māyim*": "water" } }

{ "verseID": "Proverbs.25.22", "source": "כִּ֤י גֶֽחָלִ֗ים אַ֭תָּה חֹתֶ֣ה עַל־רֹאשׁ֑וֹ וֽ͏ַ֝יהוָ֗ה יְשַׁלֶּם־לָֽךְ׃", "text": "For *geḥālîm* you *ḥōteh* upon-*rōʾšô* and-*YHWH* *yĕšallem*-to-you", "grammar": { "*kî*": "conjunction - for", "*geḥālîm*": "noun, masculine plural - coals", "*ʾattāh*": "pronoun, 2nd person masculine singular - you", "*ḥōteh*": "qal participle, masculine singular - heaping/gathering", "*ʿal*": "preposition - upon", "*rōʾšô*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his head", "*wa*": "conjunction - and", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD", "*yĕšallem*": "piel imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he will repay", "*lāk*": "preposition + 2nd person feminine singular suffix - to you" }, "variants": { "*geḥālîm*": "coals/burning coals/hot embers", "*ḥōteh*": "heaping/gathering/shoveling", "*rōʾšô*": "his head", "*yĕšallem*": "will repay/will reward/will make peace" } }

{ "verseID": "Proverbs.25.23", "source": "ר֣וּחַ צָ֭פוֹן תְּח֣וֹלֵֽל גָּ֑שֶׁם וּפָנִ֥ים נִ֝זְעָמִ֗ים לְשׁ֣וֹן סָֽתֶר׃", "text": "*rûaḥ* *ṣāpôn* *tĕḥôlēl* *gāšem* and-*pānîm* *nizʿāmîm* *lĕšôn* *sāter*", "grammar": { "*rûaḥ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - wind of", "*ṣāpôn*": "noun, masculine singular - north", "*tĕḥôlēl*": "polel imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular - brings forth", "*gāšem*": "noun, masculine singular - rain", "*û*": "conjunction - and", "*pānîm*": "noun, masculine plural - face", "*nizʿāmîm*": "niphal participle, masculine plural - angry", "*lĕšôn*": "noun, feminine singular construct - tongue of", "*sāter*": "noun, masculine singular - secret" }, "variants": { "*rûaḥ*": "wind/spirit/breath", "*ṣāpôn*": "north/northern direction", "*tĕḥôlēl*": "brings forth/produces/drives away", "*gāšem*": "rain/downpour", "*pānîm*": "face/presence/appearance", "*nizʿāmîm*": "angry/indignant/enraged", "*lĕšôn*": "tongue/language", "*sāter*": "secret/hidden/backbiting" } }

{ "verseID": "Proverbs.25.24", "source": "ט֗וֹב שֶׁ֥בֶת עַל־פִּנַּת־גָּ֑ג מֵאֵ֥שֶׁת *מדונים **מִ֝דְיָנִ֗ים וּבֵ֥ית חָֽבֶר׃", "text": "*ṭôb* *šebet* upon-*pinnat*-*gāg* than-*ʾēšet* *midyānîm* and-*bêt* *ḥāber*", "grammar": { "*ṭôb*": "adjective, masculine singular - better", "*šebet*": "qal infinitive construct - to dwell", "*ʿal*": "preposition - upon", "*pinnat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - corner of", "*gāg*": "noun, masculine singular - roof", "*mē*": "preposition - than", "*ʾēšet*": "noun, feminine singular construct - wife of", "*midyānîm*": "noun, masculine plural - contentions", "*û*": "conjunction - and", "*bêt*": "noun, masculine singular construct - house of", "*ḥāber*": "noun, masculine singular - association/companion" }, "variants": { "*ṭôb*": "better/good/pleasant", "*šebet*": "to dwell/to sit/to remain", "*pinnat*": "corner/angle", "*gāg*": "roof/housetop", "*ʾēšet*": "wife of/woman of", "*midyānîm*": "contentions/strife/quarrels", "*bêt*": "house/home/dwelling", "*ḥāber*": "association/companionship/shared space" } }

{ "verseID": "Proverbs.25.25", "source": "מַ֣יִם קָ֭רִים עַל־נֶ֣פֶשׁ עֲיֵפָ֑ה וּשְׁמוּעָ֥ה ט֝וֹבָ֗ה מֵאֶ֥רֶץ מֶרְחָֽק׃", "text": "*mayim* *qārîm* upon-*nepeš* *ʿăyēpāh* and-*šĕmûʿāh* *ṭôbāh* from-*ʾereṣ* *merḥāq*", "grammar": { "*mayim*": "noun, masculine plural - water", "*qārîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - cold", "*ʿal*": "preposition - upon", "*nepeš*": "noun, feminine singular - soul", "*ʿăyēpāh*": "adjective, feminine singular - weary", "*û*": "conjunction - and", "*šĕmûʿāh*": "noun, feminine singular - report", "*ṭôbāh*": "adjective, feminine singular - good", "*mē*": "preposition - from", "*ʾereṣ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - land of", "*merḥāq*": "noun, masculine singular - distance" }, "variants": { "*mayim*": "water", "*qārîm*": "cold/cool", "*nepeš*": "soul/person/life/desire", "*ʿăyēpāh*": "weary/faint/exhausted", "*šĕmûʿāh*": "report/news/message", "*ṭôbāh*": "good/pleasant/favorable", "*ʾereṣ*": "land/country/earth", "*merḥāq*": "distance/far place/distant land" } }

{ "verseID": "Proverbs.25.26", "source": "מַעְיָ֣ן נִ֭רְפָּשׂ וּמָק֣וֹר מָשְׁחָ֑ת צַ֝דִּ֗יק מָ֣ט לִפְנֵֽי־רָשָֽׁע׃", "text": "*maʿyān* *nirpāś* and-*māqôr* *māšḥāt* *ṣaddîq* *māṭ* before-*rāšāʿ*", "grammar": { "*maʿyān*": "noun, masculine singular - spring", "*nirpāś*": "niphal participle, masculine singular - muddied", "*û*": "conjunction - and", "*māqôr*": "noun, masculine singular - fountain", "*māšḥāt*": "hophal participle, masculine singular - corrupted", "*ṣaddîq*": "adjective, masculine singular - righteous person", "*māṭ*": "qal participle, masculine singular - tottering/wavering", "*li-pnê*": "preposition + construct noun - before", "*rāšāʿ*": "adjective, masculine singular - wicked person" }, "variants": { "*maʿyān*": "spring/fountain", "*nirpāś*": "muddied/fouled/polluted", "*māqôr*": "fountain/spring/source", "*māšḥāt*": "corrupted/ruined/destroyed", "*ṣaddîq*": "righteous person/just one/innocent one", "*māṭ*": "tottering/wavering/slipping/giving way", "*rāšāʿ*": "wicked person/evil one/unjust one" } }

{ "verseID": "Proverbs.25.27", "source": "אָ֘כֹ֤ל דְּבַ֣שׁ הַרְבּ֣וֹת לֹּא־ט֑וֹב וְחֵ֖קֶר כְּבֹדָ֣ם כָּבֽוֹד׃", "text": "*ʾākōl* *dĕbaš* *harbôt* *lōʾ*-*ṭôb* and-*ḥēqer* *kĕbōdām* *kābôd*", "grammar": { "*ʾākōl*": "qal infinitive absolute - eating", "*dĕbaš*": "noun, masculine singular - honey", "*harbôt*": "hiphil infinitive construct - to multiply/make much", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*ṭôb*": "adjective, masculine singular - good", "*wĕ*": "conjunction - and", "*ḥēqer*": "noun, masculine singular construct - searching out of", "*kĕbōdām*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their glory", "*kābôd*": "noun, masculine singular - glory/honor" }, "variants": { "*ʾākōl*": "eating/consuming", "*dĕbaš*": "honey/sweet substance", "*harbôt*": "to multiply/make much/increase", "*ṭôb*": "good/beneficial/appropriate", "*ḥēqer*": "searching out/investigation/inquiry", "*kĕbōdām*": "their glory/their honor/their own glory", "*kābôd*": "glory/honor/heaviness" } }

{ "verseID": "Proverbs.25.28", "source": "עִ֣יר פְּ֭רוּצָה אֵ֣ין חוֹמָ֑ה אִ֝֗ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֤ר אֵ֖ין מַעְצָ֣ר לְרוּחֽוֹ׃", "text": "*ʿîr* *pĕrûṣāh* *ʾên* *ḥômāh* *ʾîš* *ʾăšer* *ʾên* *maʿṣār* to-*rûḥô*", "grammar": { "*ʿîr*": "noun, feminine singular - city", "*pĕrûṣāh*": "qal passive participle, feminine singular - broken down", "*ʾên*": "particle of negation - there is no", "*ḥômāh*": "noun, feminine singular - wall", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - man", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - who", "*ʾên*": "particle of negation - there is no", "*maʿṣār*": "noun, masculine singular - restraint", "*lĕ*": "preposition - to", "*rûḥô*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his spirit" }, "variants": { "*ʿîr*": "city/town", "*pĕrûṣāh*": "broken down/breached/broken through", "*ḥômāh*": "wall/defense/rampart", "*ʾîš*": "man/person", "*maʿṣār*": "restraint/control/check", "*rûḥô*": "his spirit/his temper/his breath" } }