{ "verseID": "Proverbs.27.1", "source": "אַֽל־תִּ֭תְהַלֵּל בְּי֣וֹם מָחָ֑ר כִּ֤י לֹא־תֵ֝דַ֗ע מַה־יֵּ֥לֶד יֽוֹם׃", "text": "*ʾal*-*tithallēl* in-*yōm māḥār kî lōʾ*-*tēdaʿ mah*-*yēled yōm*", "grammar": { "*ʾal*": "negative particle - do not", "*tithallēl*": "hithpael imperfect 2nd person masculine singular - boast yourself", "*yōm*": "masculine singular construct - day of", "*māḥār*": "adverb - tomorrow", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*tēdaʿ*": "qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular - you know", "*mah*": "interrogative pronoun - what", "*yēled*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - will bring forth/beget", "*yōm*": "masculine singular - day" }, "variants": { "*tithallēl*": "boast yourself/praise yourself/glory", "*māḥār*": "tomorrow/in the future", "*tēdaʿ*": "know/understand/perceive", "*yēled*": "will bring forth/will beget/will birth" } }

{ "verseID": "Proverbs.27.2", "source": "יְהַלֶּלְךָ֣ זָ֣ר וְלֹא־פִ֑יךָ נָ֝כְרִ֗י וְאַל־שְׂפָתֶֽיךָ׃", "text": "*yĕhallelĕkā zār wĕlōʾ*-*pîkā nākĕrî wĕʾal*-*śĕpātêkā*", "grammar": { "*yĕhallelĕkā*": "piel imperfect 3rd person masculine singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - he will praise you", "*zār*": "masculine singular adjective - stranger/foreigner", "*wĕlōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*pîkā*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your mouth", "*nākĕrî*": "masculine singular adjective - foreigner/stranger", "*wĕʾal*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*śĕpātêkā*": "feminine plural noun with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your lips" }, "variants": { "*zār*": "stranger/foreigner/another person", "*nākĕrî*": "foreigner/stranger/alien" } }

{ "verseID": "Proverbs.27.3", "source": "כֹּֽבֶד־אֶ֭בֶן וְנֵ֣טֶל הַח֑וֹל וְכַ֥עַס אֱ֝וִ֗יל כָּבֵ֥ד מִשְּׁנֵיהֶֽם׃", "text": "*kōbed*-*ʾeben wĕnēṭel haḥōl wĕkaʿas ʾĕwîl kābēd miššĕnêhem*", "grammar": { "*kōbed*": "masculine singular construct - heaviness of", "*ʾeben*": "feminine singular - stone", "*wĕnēṭel*": "conjunction + masculine singular construct - and weight of", "*haḥōl*": "definite article + masculine singular - the sand", "*wĕkaʿas*": "conjunction + masculine singular construct - and vexation/anger of", "*ʾĕwîl*": "masculine singular - fool", "*kābēd*": "adjective masculine singular - heavy", "*miššĕnêhem*": "preposition + dual noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - than both of them" }, "variants": { "*kōbed*": "heaviness/weight/burden", "*nēṭel*": "weight/burden/load", "*kaʿas*": "vexation/provocation/anger", "*ʾĕwîl*": "fool/stupid person/senseless one", "*kābēd*": "heavy/burdensome/weighty" } }

{ "verseID": "Proverbs.27.4", "source": "אַכְזְרִיּ֣וּת חֵ֭מָה וְשֶׁ֣טֶף אָ֑ף וּמִ֥י יַ֝עֲמֹד לִפְנֵ֥י קִנְאָֽה׃", "text": "*ʾakzĕrîyût ḥēmāh wĕšeṭep ʾāp ûmî yaʿămōd lipnê qinʾāh*", "grammar": { "*ʾakzĕrîyût*": "feminine singular construct - cruelty of", "*ḥēmāh*": "feminine singular - wrath", "*wĕšeṭep*": "conjunction + masculine singular construct - and flood/overflowing of", "*ʾāp*": "masculine singular - anger/nose", "*ûmî*": "conjunction + interrogative pronoun - but who", "*yaʿămōd*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - will stand", "*lipnê*": "preposition + plural construct - before", "*qinʾāh*": "feminine singular - jealousy/envy" }, "variants": { "*ʾakzĕrîyût*": "cruelty/fierceness/savagery", "*ḥēmāh*": "wrath/fury/rage", "*šeṭep*": "flood/overflow/outburst", "*ʾāp*": "anger/nose/face", "*yaʿămōd*": "stand/endure/withstand", "*qinʾāh*": "jealousy/envy/zeal" } }

{ "verseID": "Proverbs.27.5", "source": "ט֭וֹבָה תּוֹכַ֣חַת מְגֻלָּ֑ה מֵֽאַהֲבָ֥ה מְסֻתָּֽרֶת׃", "text": "*ṭôbāh tôkaḥat mĕgullāh mēʾahăbāh mĕsuttāret*", "grammar": { "*ṭôbāh*": "feminine singular adjective - good/better", "*tôkaḥat*": "feminine singular construct - rebuke/correction", "*mĕgullāh*": "pual participle feminine singular - revealed/open", "*mēʾahăbāh*": "preposition + feminine singular - than love", "*mĕsuttāret*": "pual participle feminine singular - hidden/concealed" }, "variants": { "*ṭôbāh*": "good/better/pleasant", "*tôkaḥat*": "rebuke/correction/reproof", "*mĕgullāh*": "revealed/open/manifest", "*ʾahăbāh*": "love/affection", "*mĕsuttāret*": "hidden/concealed/secret" } }

{ "verseID": "Proverbs.27.6", "source": "נֶ֭אֱמָנִים פִּצְעֵ֣י אוֹהֵ֑ב וְ֝נַעְתָּר֗וֹת נְשִׁיק֥וֹת שׂוֹנֵֽא׃", "text": "*neʾĕmānîm piṣʿê ʾôhēb wĕnaʿtārôt nĕšîqôt śônēʾ*", "grammar": { "*neʾĕmānîm*": "niphal participle masculine plural - faithful/trustworthy", "*piṣʿê*": "masculine plural construct - wounds of", "*ʾôhēb*": "qal participle masculine singular - one who loves/friend", "*wĕnaʿtārôt*": "conjunction + niphal participle feminine plural - but abundant/deceitful", "*nĕšîqôt*": "feminine plural construct - kisses of", "*śônēʾ*": "qal participle masculine singular - one who hates/enemy" }, "variants": { "*neʾĕmānîm*": "faithful/trustworthy/reliable", "*piṣʿê*": "wounds/bruises/injuries", "*ʾôhēb*": "lover/friend/one who loves", "*naʿtārôt*": "abundant/deceitful/profuse/entreated", "*nĕšîqôt*": "kisses", "*śônēʾ*": "hater/enemy/one who hates" } }

{ "verseID": "Proverbs.27.7", "source": "נֶ֣פֶשׁ שְׂ֭בֵעָה תָּב֣וּס נֹ֑פֶת וְנֶ֥פֶשׁ רְ֝עֵבָ֗ה כָּל־מַ֥ר מָתֽוֹק׃", "text": "*nepeš śĕbēʿāh tābûs nōpet wĕnepeš rĕʿēbāh kol*-*mar mātôq*", "grammar": { "*nepeš*": "feminine singular construct - soul/appetite of", "*śĕbēʿāh*": "adjective feminine singular - full/sated", "*tābûs*": "qal imperfect 3rd person feminine singular - treads down/tramples", "*nōpet*": "masculine singular - honeycomb", "*wĕnepeš*": "conjunction + feminine singular construct - but soul/appetite of", "*rĕʿēbāh*": "adjective feminine singular - hungry", "*kol*": "construct - every/all", "*mar*": "adjective masculine singular - bitter thing", "*mātôq*": "adjective masculine singular - sweet" }, "variants": { "*nepeš*": "soul/self/appetite/person", "*śĕbēʿāh*": "full/satisfied/sated", "*tābûs*": "treads down/tramples/rejects", "*nōpet*": "honeycomb/honey/dripping honey", "*rĕʿēbāh*": "hungry/famished", "*mar*": "bitter/bitterness", "*mātôq*": "sweet/pleasant" } }

{ "verseID": "Proverbs.27.8", "source": "כְּ֭צִפּוֹר נוֹדֶ֣דֶת מִן־קִנָּ֑הּ כֵּֽן־אִ֝֗ישׁ נוֹדֵ֥ד מִמְּקוֹמֽוֹ׃", "text": "*kĕṣippôr nôdedet min*-*qinnāh kēn*-*ʾîš nôdēd mimĕqômô*", "grammar": { "*kĕṣippôr*": "preposition + feminine singular - like a bird", "*nôdedet*": "qal participle feminine singular - wandering", "*min*": "preposition - from", "*qinnāh*": "masculine singular + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - its nest", "*kēn*": "adverb - so", "*ʾîš*": "masculine singular - man", "*nôdēd*": "qal participle masculine singular - wandering", "*mimĕqômô*": "preposition + masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - from his place" }, "variants": { "*ṣippôr*": "bird/sparrow", "*nôdedet*": "wandering/straying/fluttering", "*qinnāh*": "nest/home", "*ʾîš*": "man/person/husband", "*nôdēd*": "wandering/straying/vagabond", "*māqôm*": "place/home/location" } }

{ "verseID": "Proverbs.27.9", "source": "שֶׁ֣מֶן וּ֭קְטֹרֶת יְשַׂמַּֽח־לֵ֑ב וּמֶ֥תֶק רֵ֝עֵ֗הוּ מֵֽעֲצַת־נָֽפֶשׁ׃", "text": "*šemen ûqĕṭōret yĕśammaḥ*-*lēb ûmeteq rēʿēhû mēʿăṣat*-*nāpeš*", "grammar": { "*šemen*": "masculine singular - oil", "*ûqĕṭōret*": "conjunction + feminine singular - and incense/perfume", "*yĕśammaḥ*": "piel imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - rejoices/gladdens", "*lēb*": "masculine singular - heart", "*ûmeteq*": "conjunction + masculine singular construct - and sweetness of", "*rēʿēhû*": "masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his friend", "*mēʿăṣat*": "preposition + feminine singular construct - from counsel of", "*nāpeš*": "feminine singular - soul" }, "variants": { "*šemen*": "oil/ointment/fat", "*qĕṭōret*": "incense/perfume/fragrance", "*yĕśammaḥ*": "rejoices/gladdens/makes joyful", "*lēb*": "heart/mind/inner being", "*meteq*": "sweetness/pleasantness", "*rēʿa*": "friend/companion/neighbor", "*ʿēṣāh*": "counsel/advice/plan", "*nepeš*": "soul/self/heart/mind" } }

{ "verseID": "Proverbs.27.10", "source": "רֵ֥עֲךָ֨ *ורעה **וְרֵ֪עַ אָבִ֡יךָ אַֽל־תַּעֲזֹ֗ב וּבֵ֥ית אָחִ֗יךָ אַל־תָּ֭בוֹא בְּי֣וֹם אֵידֶ֑ךָ ט֥וֹב שָׁכֵ֥ן קָ֝ר֗וֹב מֵאָ֥ח רָחֽוֹק׃", "text": "*rēʿăkā wĕrēaʿ ʾābîkā ʾal*-*taʿăzōb ûbêt ʾāḥîkā ʾal*-*tābôʾ bĕyôm ʾêdekā ṭôb šākēn qārôb mēʾāḥ rāḥôq*", "grammar": { "*rēʿăkā*": "masculine singular + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your friend", "*wĕrēaʿ*": "conjunction + masculine singular construct - and friend of", "*ʾābîkā*": "masculine singular + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your father", "*ʾal*": "negative particle - do not", "*taʿăzōb*": "qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular - forsake", "*ûbêt*": "conjunction + masculine singular construct - and house of", "*ʾāḥîkā*": "masculine singular + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your brother", "*ʾal*": "negative particle - do not", "*tābôʾ*": "qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular - enter/go", "*bĕyôm*": "preposition + masculine singular construct - in day of", "*ʾêdekā*": "masculine singular + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your calamity", "*ṭôb*": "adjective masculine singular - better", "*šākēn*": "masculine singular - neighbor", "*qārôb*": "adjective masculine singular - near", "*mēʾāḥ*": "preposition + masculine singular - than brother", "*rāḥôq*": "adjective masculine singular - far off" }, "variants": { "*rēaʿ*": "friend/companion/neighbor", "*taʿăzōb*": "forsake/abandon/leave", "*tābôʾ*": "enter/go/come", "*ʾêd*": "calamity/distress/disaster", "*šākēn*": "neighbor/inhabitant", "*qārôb*": "near/close", "*rāḥôq*": "far/distant/remote" } }

{ "verseID": "Proverbs.27.11", "source": "חֲכַ֣ם בְּ֭נִי וְשַׂמַּ֣ח לִבִּ֑י וְאָשִׁ֖יבָה חֹרְפִ֣י דָבָֽר׃", "text": "*ḥăkam bĕnî wĕśammaḥ libbî wĕʾāšîbāh ḥōrĕpî dābār*", "grammar": { "*ḥăkam*": "qal imperative masculine singular - be wise", "*bĕnî*": "masculine singular + 1st person singular suffix - my son", "*wĕśammaḥ*": "conjunction + piel imperative masculine singular - and gladden", "*libbî*": "masculine singular + 1st person singular suffix - my heart", "*wĕʾāšîbāh*": "conjunction + hiphil imperfect 1st person singular cohortative - that I may answer", "*ḥōrĕpî*": "qal participle masculine singular construct + 1st person singular suffix - one who reproaches me", "*dābār*": "masculine singular - word/matter" }, "variants": { "*ḥăkam*": "be wise/act wisely/become wise", "*śammaḥ*": "gladden/make rejoice/cheer", "*lēb*": "heart/mind/inner being", "*ʾāšîbāh*": "answer/return/bring back", "*ḥōrēp*": "one who reproaches/scorner/taunter", "*dābār*": "word/thing/matter" } }

{ "verseID": "Proverbs.27.12", "source": "עָר֤וּם רָאָ֣ה רָעָ֣ה נִסְתָּ֑ר פְּ֝תָאיִ֗ם עָבְר֥וּ נֶעֱנָֽשׁוּ׃", "text": "*ʿārûm rāʾāh rāʿāh nistār pĕtāʾîm ʿābĕrû neʿĕnāšû*", "grammar": { "*ʿārûm*": "adjective masculine singular - prudent/shrewd", "*rāʾāh*": "qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - sees", "*rāʿāh*": "feminine singular - evil/disaster", "*nistār*": "niphal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - hides himself", "*pĕtāʾîm*": "masculine plural - simple ones", "*ʿābĕrû*": "qal perfect 3rd person common plural - pass on", "*neʿĕnāšû*": "niphal perfect 3rd person common plural - are punished" }, "variants": { "*ʿārûm*": "prudent/shrewd/crafty/sensible", "*rāʾāh*": "sees/perceives/observes", "*rāʿāh*": "evil/distress/calamity/disaster", "*nistār*": "hides himself/conceals himself", "*pĕtāʾîm*": "simple ones/naive/inexperienced", "*ʿābĕrû*": "pass on/go ahead/continue", "*neʿĕnāšû*": "are punished/suffer penalty/pay the price" } }

{ "verseID": "Proverbs.27.13", "source": "קַח־בִּ֭גְדוֹ כִּי־עָ֣רַב זָ֑ר וּבְעַ֖ד נָכְרִיָּ֣ה חַבְלֵֽהוּ׃", "text": "*qaḥ*-*bigdô kî*-*ʿārab zār ûbĕʿad nākĕrîyāh ḥablēhû*", "grammar": { "*qaḥ*": "qal imperative masculine singular - take", "*bigdô*": "masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his garment", "*kî*": "conjunction - when/because", "*ʿārab*": "qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - has become surety for", "*zār*": "adjective masculine singular - stranger", "*ûbĕʿad*": "conjunction + preposition - and for/on behalf of", "*nākĕrîyāh*": "adjective feminine singular - foreign woman", "*ḥablēhû*": "qal imperative masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - take pledge from him" }, "variants": { "*qaḥ*": "take/seize/get", "*beged*": "garment/clothing/covering", "*ʿārab*": "become surety/pledge/guarantee", "*zār*": "stranger/foreigner/another", "*nākĕrîyāh*": "foreign woman/strange woman", "*ḥabal*": "take pledge/take in pledge/hold as collateral" } }

{ "verseID": "Proverbs.27.14", "source": "מְבָ֘רֵ֤ךְ רֵעֵ֨הוּ ׀ בְּק֣וֹל גָּ֭דוֹל בַּבֹּ֣קֶר הַשְׁכֵּ֑ים קְ֝לָלָ֗ה תֵּחָ֥שֶׁב לֽוֹ׃", "text": "*mĕbārēk rēʿēhû bĕqôl gādôl babbōqer haškēm qĕlālāh tēḥāšeb lô*", "grammar": { "*mĕbārēk*": "piel participle masculine singular - blessing", "*rēʿēhû*": "masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his friend", "*bĕqôl*": "preposition + masculine singular construct - with voice", "*gādôl*": "adjective masculine singular - loud", "*babbōqer*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular - in the morning", "*haškēm*": "hiphil infinitive absolute - rising early", "*qĕlālāh*": "feminine singular - curse", "*tēḥāšeb*": "niphal imperfect 3rd person feminine singular - will be counted", "*lô*": "preposition + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - to him" }, "variants": { "*bārak*": "bless/praise/salute", "*rēaʿ*": "friend/companion/neighbor", "*qôl*": "voice/sound", "*gādôl*": "loud/great/strong", "*bōqer*": "morning/dawn", "*hiškim*": "rising early/getting up early", "*qĕlālāh*": "curse/cursing/execration", "*ḥāšab*": "count/consider/reckon/impute" } }

{ "verseID": "Proverbs.27.15", "source": "דֶּ֣לֶף ט֭‪[t]‬וֹרֵד בְּי֣וֹם סַגְרִ֑יר וְאֵ֥שֶׁת *מדונים **מִ֝דְיָנִ֗ים נִשְׁתָּוָֽה׃", "text": "*delep ṭôrēd bĕyôm sagrîr wĕʾēšet midyānîm ništāwāh*", "grammar": { "*delep*": "masculine singular - dripping", "*ṭôrēd*": "qal participle masculine singular - continual", "*bĕyôm*": "preposition + masculine singular construct - in day of", "*sagrîr*": "masculine singular - heavy rain", "*wĕʾēšet*": "conjunction + feminine singular construct - and wife of", "*midyānîm*": "masculine plural - contentions", "*ništāwāh*": "niphal perfect 3rd person feminine singular - are alike" }, "variants": { "*delep*": "dripping/leak/dropping", "*ṭôrēd*": "continual/persistent/constant", "*sagrîr*": "heavy rain/downpour/rainstorm", "*ʾiššāh*": "woman/wife/female", "*midyānîm*": "contentions/quarrels/strife", "*ništāwāh*": "are alike/are comparable/are equal" } }

{ "verseID": "Proverbs.27.16", "source": "צֹפְנֶ֥יהָ צָֽפַן־ר֑וּחַ וְשֶׁ֖מֶן יְמִינ֣וֹ יִקְרָֽא׃", "text": "*ṣōpĕnêhā ṣāpan*-*rûaḥ wĕšemen yĕmînô yiqrāʾ*", "grammar": { "*ṣōpĕnêhā*": "qal participle masculine singular construct + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - one who hides her", "*ṣāpan*": "qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - hides", "*rûaḥ*": "feminine singular - wind", "*wĕšemen*": "conjunction + masculine singular - and oil", "*yĕmînô*": "feminine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his right hand", "*yiqrāʾ*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - calls/proclaims" }, "variants": { "*ṣāpan*": "hide/restrain/store up", "*rûaḥ*": "wind/breath/spirit", "*šemen*": "oil/fat/ointment", "*yāmîn*": "right hand/right side", "*qārāʾ*": "call/call out/proclaim/encounters" } }

{ "verseID": "Proverbs.27.17", "source": "בַּרְזֶ֣ל בְּבַרְזֶ֣ל יָ֑חַד וְ֝אִ֗ישׁ יַ֣חַד פְּנֵֽי־רֵעֵֽהוּ׃", "text": "*barzel bĕbarzel yāḥad wĕʾîš yaḥad pĕnê*-*rēʿēhû*", "grammar": { "*barzel*": "masculine singular - iron", "*bĕbarzel*": "preposition + masculine singular - with iron", "*yāḥad*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - sharpens", "*wĕʾîš*": "conjunction + masculine singular - and man", "*yaḥad*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - sharpens", "*pĕnê*": "plural construct - face of", "*rēʿēhû*": "masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his friend" }, "variants": { "*barzel*": "iron/iron tool", "*yāḥad*": "sharpens/makes sharp", "*ʾîš*": "man/person", "*pānîm*": "face/presence/countenance", "*rēaʿ*": "friend/companion/neighbor" } }

{ "verseID": "Proverbs.27.18", "source": "נֹצֵ֣ר תְּ֭אֵנָה יֹאכַ֣ל פִּרְיָ֑הּ וְשֹׁמֵ֖ר אֲדֹנָ֣יו יְכֻבָּֽד׃", "text": "*nōṣēr tĕʾēnāh yōʾkal piryāh wĕšōmēr ʾădōnāyw yĕkubbād*", "grammar": { "*nōṣēr*": "qal participle masculine singular - one who keeps/tends", "*tĕʾēnāh*": "feminine singular - fig tree", "*yōʾkal*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - will eat", "*piryāh*": "masculine singular + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - its fruit", "*wĕšōmēr*": "conjunction + qal participle masculine singular - and one who keeps/guards", "*ʾădōnāyw*": "masculine plural + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his master", "*yĕkubbād*": "pual imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - will be honored" }, "variants": { "*nāṣar*": "guard/keep/protect/tend", "*tĕʾēnāh*": "fig tree", "*ʾākal*": "eat/consume/devour", "*pĕrî*": "fruit/produce/result", "*šāmar*": "keep/guard/protect/watch", "*ʾādôn*": "lord/master/owner", "*kubbad*": "be honored/be respected/be glorified" } }

{ "verseID": "Proverbs.27.19", "source": "כַּ֭מַּיִם הַפָּנִ֣ים לַפָּנִ֑ים כֵּ֤ן לֵֽב־הָ֝אָדָ֗ם לָאָדָֽם׃", "text": "*kammayim happānîm lappānîm kēn lēb*-*hāʾādām lāʾādām*", "grammar": { "*kammayim*": "preposition + definite article + masculine plural - as the waters", "*happānîm*": "definite article + masculine plural - the face", "*lappānîm*": "preposition + definite article + masculine plural - to the face", "*kēn*": "adverb - so", "*lēb*": "masculine singular construct - heart of", "*hāʾādām*": "definite article + masculine singular - the man", "*lāʾādām*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular - to the man" }, "variants": { "*mayim*": "water/waters", "*pānîm*": "face/presence/countenance", "*lēb*": "heart/mind/inner being", "*ʾādām*": "man/mankind/person" } }

{ "verseID": "Proverbs.27.20", "source": "שְׁא֣וֹל *ואבדה **וַ֭אֲבַדּוֹ לֹ֣א תִשְׂבַּ֑עְנָה וְעֵינֵ֥י הָ֝אָדָ֗ם לֹ֣א תִשְׂבַּֽעְנָה׃", "text": "*šĕʾôl waʾăbaddô lōʾ tiśbaʿnāh wĕʿênê hāʾādām lōʾ tiśbaʿnāh*", "grammar": { "*šĕʾôl*": "feminine singular - Sheol/underworld", "*waʾăbaddô*": "conjunction + masculine singular - and Abaddon/destruction", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*tiśbaʿnāh*": "qal imperfect 3rd person feminine plural - are satisfied", "*wĕʿênê*": "conjunction + feminine dual construct - and eyes of", "*hāʾādām*": "definite article + masculine singular - the man", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*tiśbaʿnāh*": "qal imperfect 3rd person feminine plural - are satisfied" }, "variants": { "*šĕʾôl*": "Sheol/grave/pit/underworld", "*ʾăbaddôn*": "Abaddon/destruction/place of destruction", "*śābaʿ*": "be satisfied/be full/have enough", "*ʿayin*": "eye/sight/vision", "*ʾādām*": "man/mankind/person" } }

{ "verseID": "Proverbs.27.21", "source": "מַצְרֵ֣ף לַ֭כֶּסֶף וְכ֣וּר לַזָּהָ֑ב וְ֝אִ֗ישׁ לְפִ֣י מַהֲלָלֽוֹ׃", "text": "*maṣrēp lakkesep wĕkûr lazzāhāb wĕʾîš lĕpî mahălālô*", "grammar": { "*maṣrēp*": "masculine singular - crucible/refining pot", "*lakkesep*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular - for the silver", "*wĕkûr*": "conjunction + masculine singular - and furnace", "*lazzāhāb*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular - for the gold", "*wĕʾîš*": "conjunction + masculine singular - and man", "*lĕpî*": "preposition + masculine singular construct - according to mouth of", "*mahălālô*": "masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his praise" }, "variants": { "*maṣrēp*": "crucible/refining pot/smelting pot", "*kesep*": "silver/money", "*kûr*": "furnace/smelting furnace", "*zāhāb*": "gold", "*ʾîš*": "man/person", "*peh*": "mouth/speech", "*mahălāl*": "praise/boasting/flattery" } }

{ "verseID": "Proverbs.27.22", "source": "אִ֥ם תִּכְתּֽוֹשׁ־אֶת־הָאֱוִ֨יל ׀ בַּֽמַּכְתֵּ֡שׁ בְּת֣וֹךְ הָ֭רִיפוֹת בַּֽעֱלִ֑י לֹא־תָס֥וּר מֵ֝עָלָ֗יו אִוַּלְתּֽוֹ׃ פ", "text": "*ʾim tiktôš*-*ʾet*-*hāʾĕwîl bamaktēš bĕtôk hārîpôt baʿĕlî lōʾ*-*tāsûr mēʿālāyw ʾiwwaltô*", "grammar": { "*ʾim*": "conjunction - if", "*tiktôš*": "qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular - you pound", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*hāʾĕwîl*": "definite article + masculine singular - the fool", "*bamaktēš*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular - in the mortar", "*bĕtôk*": "preposition + masculine singular construct - in the midst of", "*hārîpôt*": "definite article + feminine plural - the grain", "*baʿĕlî*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular - with the pestle", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*tāsûr*": "qal imperfect 3rd person feminine singular - will depart", "*mēʿālāyw*": "preposition + preposition + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - from upon him", "*ʾiwwaltô*": "feminine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his foolishness" }, "variants": { "*kātaš*": "pound/crush/beat", "*ʾĕwîl*": "fool/foolish person", "*maktēš*": "mortar/grinding bowl", "*tāwek*": "midst/middle", "*rîpôt*": "grain/crushed grain/groats", "*ʿĕlî*": "pestle/club", "*sûr*": "turn aside/depart/be removed", "*ʾiwwelet*": "foolishness/folly" } }

{ "verseID": "Proverbs.27.23", "source": "יָדֹ֣עַ תֵּ֭דַע פְּנֵ֣י צֹאנֶ֑ךָ שִׁ֥ית לִ֝בְּךָ֗ לַעֲדָרִֽים׃", "text": "*yādōaʿ tēdaʿ pĕnê ṣōʾnekā šît libbĕkā laʿădārîm*", "grammar": { "*yādōaʿ*": "qal infinitive absolute - knowing", "*tēdaʿ*": "qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular - know", "*pĕnê*": "masculine plural construct - face/condition of", "*ṣōʾnekā*": "feminine singular + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your flock", "*šît*": "qal imperative masculine singular - set/place", "*libbĕkā*": "masculine singular + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your heart", "*laʿădārîm*": "preposition + definite article + masculine plural - to the herds" }, "variants": { "*yādaʿ*": "know/understand/perceive", "*pānîm*": "face/appearance/condition", "*ṣōʾn*": "flock/sheep", "*šît*": "set/place/put", "*lēb*": "heart/mind/attention", "*ʿēder*": "flock/herd" } }

{ "verseID": "Proverbs.27.24", "source": "כִּ֤י לֹ֣א לְעוֹלָ֣ם חֹ֑סֶן וְאִם־נֵ֝֗זֶר לְד֣וֹר *דור **וָדֽוֹר׃", "text": "*kî lōʾ lĕʿôlām ḥōsen wĕʾim*-*nēzer lĕdôr wādôr*", "grammar": { "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*lĕʿôlām*": "preposition + masculine singular - forever", "*ḥōsen*": "masculine singular - wealth/riches", "*wĕʾim*": "conjunction + conjunction - and if", "*nēzer*": "masculine singular - crown", "*lĕdôr*": "preposition + masculine singular - to generation", "*wādôr*": "conjunction + masculine singular - and generation" }, "variants": { "*ʿôlām*": "forever/eternity/perpetuity", "*ḥōsen*": "wealth/riches/abundance/treasure", "*nēzer*": "crown/diadem/separation", "*dôr*": "generation/age/period" } }

{ "verseID": "Proverbs.27.25", "source": "גָּלָ֣ה חָ֭צִיר וְנִרְאָה־דֶ֑שֶׁא וְ֝נֶאֶסְפ֗וּ עִשְּׂב֥וֹת הָרִֽים׃", "text": "*gālāh ḥāṣîr wĕnirʾāh*-*dešeʾ wĕneʾespû ʿiśśĕbôt hārîm*", "grammar": { "*gālāh*": "qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - reveals/appears", "*ḥāṣîr*": "masculine singular - grass/hay", "*wĕnirʾāh*": "conjunction + niphal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - and appears", "*dešeʾ*": "masculine singular - tender grass", "*wĕneʾespû*": "conjunction + niphal perfect 3rd person common plural - and are gathered", "*ʿiśśĕbôt*": "feminine plural construct - herbs of", "*hārîm*": "definite article + masculine plural - the mountains" }, "variants": { "*gālāh*": "reveal/appear/remove", "*ḥāṣîr*": "grass/hay/herb", "*nirʾāh*": "appear/become visible/be seen", "*dešeʾ*": "tender grass/vegetation/green plant", "*neʾesap*": "be gathered/be collected/be harvested", "*ʿēśeb*": "herb/plant/vegetation", "*har*": "mountain/hill" } }

{ "verseID": "Proverbs.27.26", "source": "כְּבָשִׂ֥ים לִלְבוּשֶׁ֑ךָ וּמְחִ֥יר שָׂ֝דֶ֗ה עַתּוּדִֽים׃", "text": "*kĕbāśîm lilbûšekā ûmĕḥîr śādeh ʿattûdîm*", "grammar": { "*kĕbāśîm*": "masculine plural - lambs", "*lilbûšekā*": "preposition + masculine singular + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - for your clothing", "*ûmĕḥîr*": "conjunction + masculine singular construct - and price of", "*śādeh*": "masculine singular - field", "*ʿattûdîm*": "masculine plural - he-goats" }, "variants": { "*kebeś*": "lamb/sheep", "*lĕbûš*": "clothing/garment/attire", "*mĕḥîr*": "price/worth/value", "*śādeh*": "field/land/countryside", "*ʿattûd*": "he-goat/male goat/leader" } }

{ "verseID": "Proverbs.27.27", "source": "וְדֵ֤י ׀ חֲלֵ֬ב עִזִּ֗ים לְֽ֭לַחְמְךָ לְלֶ֣חֶם בֵּיתֶ֑ךָ וְ֝חַיִּ֗ים לְנַעֲרוֹתֶֽיךָ׃", "text": "*wĕdê ḥălēb ʿizzîm lĕlaḥmĕkā lĕleḥem bêtekā wĕḥayyîm lĕnaʿărôtêkā*", "grammar": { "*wĕdê*": "conjunction + construct - and enough of", "*ḥălēb*": "masculine singular construct - milk of", "*ʿizzîm*": "feminine plural - goats", "*lĕlaḥmĕkā*": "preposition + masculine singular + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - for your food", "*lĕleḥem*": "preposition + masculine singular construct - for food of", "*bêtekā*": "masculine singular + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your household", "*wĕḥayyîm*": "conjunction + masculine plural - and maintenance/life", "*lĕnaʿărôtêkā*": "preposition + feminine plural + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - for your maidens/servant girls" }, "variants": { "*day*": "enough/sufficient/abundance", "*ḥālāb*": "milk", "*ʿēz*": "goat/female goat", "*leḥem*": "food/bread/nourishment", "*bayit*": "house/household/family", "*ḥayyîm*": "life/maintenance/livelihood/sustenance", "*naʿărāh*": "girl/maiden/female servant" } }