Verse 3
{ "verseID": "Zephaniah.3.3", "source": "שָׂרֶ֣יהָ בְקִרְבָּ֔הּ אֲרָי֖וֹת שֹֽׁאֲגִ֑ים שֹׁפְטֶ֙יהָ֙ זְאֵ֣בֵי עֶ֔רֶב לֹ֥א גָרְמ֖וּ לַבֹּֽקֶר", "text": "*śārêhā* in *qirbāh* *ʾărāyôt* *šōʾăgîm*; *šōpṭêhā* *zeʾēbê* *ʿereb* not *gāremû* to *bōqer*", "grammar": { "*śārêhā*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her princes/officials", "*qirbāh*": "noun with preposition and 3rd feminine singular suffix - in her midst", "*ʾărāyôt*": "masculine plural noun - lions", "*šōʾăgîm*": "qal participle masculine plural - roaring", "*šōpṭêhā*": "masculine plural qal participle with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her judges", "*zeʾēbê*": "masculine plural construct - wolves of", "*ʿereb*": "masculine singular noun - evening", "*gāremû*": "qal perfect 3rd common plural - they left/gnawed", "*bōqer*": "masculine singular noun with preposition - for/until morning" }, "variants": { "*śārêhā*": "her princes/officials/rulers", "*qirbāh*": "in her midst/among her", "*ʾărāyôt*": "lions/predators", "*šōʾăgîm*": "roaring/growling", "*šōpṭêhā*": "her judges/rulers", "*zeʾēbê*": "wolves of", "*ʿereb*": "evening/night", "*gāremû*": "left over/gnawed/reserved [bones]" } }
Other Translations
GT, oversatt fra Hebraisk
Hennes ledere er brølende løver, hennes dommere er glupske ulver om natten som etterlater ingenting til daggry.
Moderne oversettelse av Bibelen fra 1611 KJV med hebraisk kontekst
Hennes fyrster i hennes midte er brølende løver; hennes dommere er kveldsulver som ikke lar ben være igjen til morgenen.
Norsk King James
Hennes ledere er som brølende løver; hennes dommere er som ulver om kvelden; de gnager ikke bein før dagen gry.
Modernisert Norsk Bibel 1866
Midt i byen er lederne som brølende løver, dommerne er ulver om kvelden som ikke etterlater noe til morgenen.
Oversettelse av hebraiske Bibeltekster til moderne norsk bokmål
Hennes fyrster er som brølende løver, hennes dommere er som kveldsulver som ikke lar noe bli igjen til morgenen.
Bibelen: En Moderne Oversettelse av King James Version 1611
Hennes fyrster er som brølende løver, hennes dommere er som kveldsulver; de bryr seg ikke om knoklene før morgenen.
o3-mini KJV Norsk
Hennes ledere er brølende løver; hennes dommere er ulver ved skumringen; de gnager ikke på beina før morgenen.
En Moderne Oversettelse av King James Version 1611 (mar 2025)
Hennes fyrster er som brølende løver, hennes dommere er som kveldsulver; de bryr seg ikke om knoklene før morgenen.
Lingvistisk bibeloversettelse fra grunntekst
Hennes fyrster i hennes midte er brølende løver, hennes dommere er ulver om natten som ikke etterlater noe til morgenen.
Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts
Her officials are roaring lions in her midst; her judges are wolves of the evening, leaving nothing for the morning.
GT, oversatt fra hebraisk Aug2024
Hennes fyrster er brølende løver midt iblant henne, hennes dommere er kveldsulver som ikke sparer noen ben til morgenen.
Original Norsk Bibel 1866
Dens Fyrster midt i den ere brølende Løver, dens Dommere ere Ulve om Aftenen, som ikke bryde et Been om Morgenen.
King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)
Her princes within her are roaring lions; her judges are evening wolves; they gnaw not the bones till the morrow.
KJV 1769 norsk
Hennes høvdinger i henne er brølende løver; hennes dommere er ulver om kvelden; de sparer ingen bein til morgenen.
KJV1611 - Moderne engelsk
Her princes within her are roaring lions; her judges are evening wolves; they do not gnaw the bones until the morning.
King James Version 1611 (Original)
Her princes within her are roaring lions; her judges are evening wolves; they gnaw not the bones till the morrow.
Norsk oversettelse av Webster
Hennes fyrster er brølende løver. Hennes dommere er ulver om kvelden. De lar ingenting bli igjen til neste dag.
Norsk oversettelse av Youngs Literal Translation
Hennes ledere er brølende løver, hennes dommere er ulver om kvelden, de lar ikke noe være igjen til om morgenen.
Norsk oversettelse av ASV1901
Hennes fyrster er brølende løver i hennes midte; hennes dommere er kveldsulver; de etterlater ingenting til morgenen.
Norsk oversettelse av BBE
Hennes ledere er som brølende løver; hennes dommere er som ulver om kvelden, som knuser bein før morgenen.
Coverdale Bible (1535)
Hir rulers within her are as roaringe lyons: hir iudges are as wolues in the euenynge, which leaue nothinge behynde them till the morow.
Geneva Bible (1560)
Her princes within her are as roaring lyons: her iudges are as wolues in the euening, which leaue not the bones till the morow.
Bishops' Bible (1568)
Her rulers within her are as roaring lions, her iudges are as wolues in the euening, whiche leaue nothing behinde them till the morowe.
Authorized King James Version (1611)
Her princes within her [are] roaring lions; her judges [are] evening wolves; they gnaw not the bones till the morrow.
Webster's Bible (1833)
Her princes in the midst of her are roaring lions. Her judges are evening wolves. They leave nothing until the next day.
Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)
Her heads in her midst `are' roaring lions, Her judges `are' evening wolves, They have not gnawn the bone in the morning.
American Standard Version (1901)
Her princes in the midst of her are roaring lions; her judges are evening wolves; they leave nothing till the morrow.
Bible in Basic English (1941)
Her rulers are like loud-voiced lions in her; her judges are wolves of the evening, crushing up the bones before the morning.
World English Bible (2000)
Her princes in the midst of her are roaring lions. Her judges are evening wolves. They leave nothing until the next day.
NET Bible® (New English Translation)
Her princes are as fierce as roaring lions; her rulers are as hungry as wolves in the desert, who completely devour their prey by morning.
Referenced Verses
- Hab 1:8 : 8 { "verseID": "Habakkuk.1.8", "source": "וְקַלּ֨וּ מִנְּמֵרִ֜ים סוּסָ֗יו וְחַדּוּ֙ מִזְּאֵ֣בֵי עֶ֔רֶב וּפָ֖שׁוּ פָּֽרָשָׁ֑יו וּפָֽרָשָׁיו֙ מֵרָח֣וֹק יָבֹ֔אוּ יָעֻ֕פוּ כְּנֶ֖שֶׁר חָ֥שׁ לֶאֱכֽוֹל׃", "text": "And-*qallû* from-*nəmērîm* *sûsāyw* and-*ḥaddû* from-*zəʾēḇê ʿereḇ* and-*p̄āšû* *pārāšāyw* and-*p̄ārāšāyw* from-*mērāḥôq* *yāḇōʾû* *yāʿup̄û* like-*nešer* *ḥāš* to-*leʾĕḵôl*", "grammar": { "*wə-qallû*": "conjunction + verb, Qal perfect, 3rd person common plural - and are swifter", "*minnəmērîm*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural - than leopards", "*sûsāyw*": "noun, masculine plural + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his horses", "*wə-ḥaddû*": "conjunction + verb, Qal perfect, 3rd person common plural - and are fiercer", "*mizzəʾēḇê*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural construct - than wolves of", "*ʿereḇ*": "noun, masculine singular - evening", "*û-p̄āšû*": "conjunction + verb, Qal perfect, 3rd person common plural - and spread/leap", "*pārāšāyw*": "noun, masculine plural + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his horsemen", "*û-p̄ārāšāyw*": "conjunction + noun, masculine plural + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - and his horsemen", "*mērāḥôq*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - from afar", "*yāḇōʾû*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they come", "*yāʿup̄û*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they fly", "*kənešer*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - like an eagle", "*ḥāš*": "verb, Qal participle, masculine singular - hastening", "*leʾĕḵôl*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - to eat/devour" }, "variants": { "*qallû*": "are swifter/are faster/are lighter", "*nəmērîm*": "leopards/panthers", "*sûsāyw*": "his horses/his steeds", "*ḥaddû*": "are fiercer/are keener/are sharper", "*zəʾēḇê ʿereḇ*": "wolves of evening/evening wolves", "*p̄āšû*": "spread/leap/charge/dash about", "*pārāšāyw*": "his horsemen/his cavalry", "*mērāḥôq*": "from afar/from a distance", "*yāʿup̄û*": "they fly/they swoop", "*nešer*": "eagle/vulture", "*ḥāš*": "hastening/hurrying/swift" } }
- Jer 5:6 : 6 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.5.6", "source": "עַל־כֵּן֩ הִכָּ֨ם אַרְיֵ֜ה מִיַּ֗עַר זְאֵ֤ב עֲרָבוֹת֙ יְשָׁדְדֵ֔ם נָמֵ֤ר שֹׁקֵד֙ עַל־עָ֣רֵיהֶ֔ם כָּל־הַיּוֹצֵ֥א מֵהֵ֖נָּה יִטָּרֵ֑ף כִּ֤י רַבּוּ֙ פִּשְׁעֵיהֶ֔ם עָצְמ֖וּ מְשׁוּבוֹתֵיהֶֽם׃", "text": "Upon-thus *hikkām* *'aryēh* from *ya'ar*, *zə'ēb* *'ărābôt* *yəšāddēm*, *nāmēr* *šōqēd* upon-their *'ārêhem*; all-*hayyôṣē'* from them *yiṭṭārēp*; because they *rabbû* their *piš'êhem*, they *'āṣəmû* their *məšûbôtêhem*.", "grammar": { "*'al*": "preposition - upon/on/because of", "*kēn*": "adverb - thus/so", "*hikkām*": "perfect, 3rd masculine singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix, hiphil - he struck them", "*'aryēh*": "noun, masculine singular - lion", "*min*": "preposition - from", "*ya'ar*": "noun, masculine singular - forest", "*zə'ēb*": "noun, masculine singular - wolf", "*'ărābôt*": "noun, feminine plural - plains/deserts/steppes", "*yəšāddēm*": "imperfect, 3rd masculine singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix, piel - he will ravage them", "*nāmēr*": "noun, masculine singular - leopard", "*šōqēd*": "participle, masculine singular, qal - watching/lying in wait", "*'al*": "preposition - upon/against", "*'ārêhem*": "noun, feminine plural construct + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their cities", "*kol*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all/every", "*hayyôṣē'*": "article + participle, masculine singular, qal - the one going out", "*mēhēnnâ*": "preposition + 3rd feminine plural suffix - from them", "*yiṭṭārēp*": "imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, niphal - he will be torn to pieces", "*kî*": "conjunction - because/for", "*rabbû*": "perfect, 3rd plural, qal - they are many/increased", "*piš'êhem*": "noun, masculine plural construct + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their transgressions", "*'āṣəmû*": "perfect, 3rd plural, qal - they were numerous/mighty", "*məšûbôtêhem*": "noun, feminine plural construct + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their apostasies/backslidings" }, "variants": { "*hikkām*": "struck them/attacked them", "*'aryēh*": "lion", "*zə'ēb*": "wolf", "*'ărābôt*": "plains/deserts/steppes/wilderness", "*yəšāddēm*": "ravages them/destroys them/plunders them", "*nāmēr*": "leopard/panther", "*šōqēd*": "watching/lying in wait/being vigilant", "*yiṭṭārēp*": "will be torn to pieces/mauled", "*rabbû*": "are many/have increased/multiplied", "*piš'êhem*": "their transgressions/rebellions/crimes", "*'āṣəmû*": "are numerous/mighty/strong", "*məšûbôtêhem*": "their apostasies/backslidings/rebellions" } }
- Jer 22:17 : 17 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.22.17", "source": "׃22 17 כִּ֣י אֵ֤ין עֵינֶ֙יךָ֙ וְלִבְּךָ֔ כִּ֖י אִם־עַל־בִּצְעֶ֑ךָ וְעַ֤ל דַּֽם־הַנָּקִי֙ לִשְׁפּ֔וֹךְ וְעַל־הָעֹ֥שֶׁק וְעַל־הַמְּרוּצָ֖ה לַעֲשֽׂוֹת׃ ס", "text": "For not *ʿêneykā* and *libbᵉkā* except upon *biṣʿekā* and upon *dam-hannāqî* to *lišpôk* and upon *hāʿōšeq* and upon *hammᵉrûṣāh* to *laʿăśôt*.", "grammar": { "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*ʾên*": "particle of negation - there is not", "*ʿêneykā*": "noun, feminine dual with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your eyes", "*wᵉ-libbᵉkā*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular with 2nd masculine singular suffix - and your heart", "*kî ʾim-ʿal*": "conjunction + conditional particle + preposition - except upon", "*biṣʿekā*": "noun, masculine singular with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your unjust gain", "*wᵉ-ʿal*": "conjunction + preposition - and upon", "*dam-ha-nnāqî*": "noun, masculine singular construct + definite article + adjective, masculine singular - blood of the innocent", "*li-špôk*": "preposition + infinitive construct, qal - to shed", "*wᵉ-ʿal-hā-ʿōšeq*": "conjunction + preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - and upon the oppression", "*wᵉ-ʿal-ha-mmᵉrûṣāh*": "conjunction + preposition + definite article + noun, feminine singular - and upon the crushing", "*la-ʿăśôt*": "preposition + infinitive construct, qal - to do" }, "variants": { "*biṣʿekā*": "your unjust gain/dishonest profit/covetousness", "*dam-hannāqî*": "blood of the innocent/innocent blood", "*lišpôk*": "to shed/pour out", "*hāʿōšeq*": "the oppression/extortion", "*hammᵉrûṣāh*": "the crushing/oppression/violence", "*laʿăśôt*": "to do/perform/commit" } }
- Ezek 22:6 : 6 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.22.6", "source": "הִנֵּה֙ נְשִׂיאֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אִ֥ישׁ לִזְרֹע֖וֹ הָ֣יוּ בָ֑ךְ לְמַ֖עַן שְׁפָךְ־דָּֽם׃", "text": "Behold, *nəśîʾēy* *Yiśrāʾēl*, *ʾîš* to *zərōʿô* *hāyû* in you, for *ləmaʿan* *šəp̄āḵ*-*dām*", "grammar": { "*nəśîʾēy*": "masculine plural construct noun - 'princes of'", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - 'Israel'", "*ʾîš*": "masculine singular noun - 'man/each'", "*zərōʿô*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - 'his arm'", "*hāyû*": "qal perfect, 3rd plural - 'they were'", "*ləmaʿan*": "preposition + conjunction - 'for the purpose of'", "*šəp̄āḵ*": "qal infinitive construct - 'to shed'", "*dām*": "masculine singular noun - 'blood'" }, "variants": { "*nəśîʾēy*": "princes of/rulers of/chiefs of", "*ʾîš*": "man/each one/each person", "*zərōʿô*": "his arm/his power/his strength", "*ləmaʿan*": "for the purpose of/in order to", "*šəp̄āḵ*": "shed/pour out/spill", "*dām*": "blood/bloodshed/life" } }
- Ezek 22:25-27 : 25 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.22.25", "source": "קֶ֤שֶׁר נְבִיאֶ֙יהָ֙ בְּתוֹכָ֔הּ כַּאֲרִ֥י שׁוֹאֵ֖ג טֹ֣רֵֽף טָ֑רֶף נֶ֣פֶשׁ אָכָ֗לוּ חֹ֤סֶן וִיקָר֙ יִקָּ֔חוּ אַלְמְנוֹתֶ֖יהָ הִרְבּ֥וּ בְתוֹכָֽהּ׃", "text": "*Qešer* her *nəḇîʾeyhā* in *tôḵāh*, like the *ʾărî* *šôʾēḡ* *ṭōrēp̄* *ṭārep̄*; *nep̄eš* they *ʾāḵālû*, *ḥōsen* and *yəqār* they *yiqqāḥû*, her *ʾalmenôṯeyhā* they *hirbû* in *ṯôḵāh*", "grammar": { "*qešer*": "masculine singular noun - 'conspiracy'", "*nəḇîʾeyhā*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd feminine singular suffix - 'her prophets'", "*tôḵāh*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd feminine singular suffix - 'her midst'", "*ʾărî*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - 'the lion'", "*šôʾēḡ*": "qal participle, masculine singular - 'roaring'", "*ṭōrēp̄*": "qal participle, masculine singular - 'tearing'", "*ṭārep̄*": "masculine singular noun - 'prey'", "*nep̄eš*": "feminine singular noun - 'soul/life'", "*ʾāḵālû*": "qal perfect, 3rd plural - 'they devoured'", "*ḥōsen*": "masculine singular noun - 'wealth'", "*yəqār*": "masculine singular noun - 'precious thing'", "*yiqqāḥû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd plural - 'they take'", "*ʾalmenôṯeyhā*": "feminine plural noun with 3rd feminine singular suffix - 'her widows'", "*hirbû*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd plural - 'they increased'" }, "variants": { "*qešer*": "conspiracy/plot/alliance", "*šôʾēḡ*": "roaring/growling", "*ṭōrēp̄*": "tearing/rending/ravening", "*nep̄eš*": "soul/life/person", "*ḥōsen*": "wealth/treasure/riches", "*yəqār*": "precious thing/value/splendor", "*hirbû*": "increased/multiplied/made many" } } 26 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.22.26", "source": "כֹּהֲנֶ֜יהָ חָמְס֣וּ תוֹרָתִי֮ וַיְחַלְּל֣וּ קָדָשַׁי֒ בֵּֽין־קֹ֤דֶשׁ לְחֹל֙ לֹ֣א הִבְדִּ֔ילוּ וּבֵין־הַטָּמֵ֥א לְטָה֖וֹר לֹ֣א הוֹדִ֑יעוּ וּמִשַׁבְּתוֹתַי֙ הֶעְלִ֣ימוּ עֵֽינֵיהֶ֔ם וָאֵחַ֖ל בְּתוֹכָֽם׃", "text": "Her *kōhăneyhā* *ḥāməsû* my *tôrāṯî* and *wayəḥalləlû* my *qāḏāšay*; between-*qōḏeš* to *ḥōl* not they *hiḇdîlû*, and between-the *ṭāmēʾ* to *ṭāhôr* not they *hôḏîʿû*; and from my *šabbəṯôṯay* they *heʿlîmû* their *ʿênêhem*, and I am *ʾēḥal* in *tôḵām*", "grammar": { "*kōhăneyhā*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd feminine singular suffix - 'her priests'", "*ḥāməsû*": "qal perfect, 3rd plural - 'they did violence to'", "*tôrāṯî*": "feminine singular noun with 1st singular suffix - 'my law'", "*wayəḥalləlû*": "piel imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd plural - 'they profaned'", "*qāḏāšay*": "masculine plural noun with 1st singular suffix - 'my holy things'", "*qōḏeš*": "masculine singular noun - 'holy'", "*ḥōl*": "masculine singular noun - 'common/profane'", "*hiḇdîlû*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd plural - 'they distinguished'", "*ṭāmēʾ*": "adjective, masculine singular with definite article - 'the unclean'", "*ṭāhôr*": "adjective, masculine singular - 'clean'", "*hôḏîʿû*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd plural - 'they made known'", "*šabbəṯôṯay*": "feminine plural noun with 1st singular suffix - 'my sabbaths'", "*heʿlîmû*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd plural - 'they hid'", "*ʿênêhem*": "feminine dual noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - 'their eyes'", "*ʾēḥal*": "niphal imperfect, 1st singular - 'I am profaned'", "*tôḵām*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - 'their midst'" }, "variants": { "*ḥāməsû*": "did violence to/violated/treated violently", "*qāḏāšay*": "my holy things/my sacred things/my sanctuary", "*hiḇdîlû*": "distinguished/separated/made a distinction", "*hôḏîʿû*": "made known/taught/informed", "*heʿlîmû*": "hid/concealed/averted", "*ʾēḥal*": "am profaned/am dishonored/am desecrated" } } 27 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.22.27", "source": "שָׂרֶ֣יהָ בְקִרְבָּ֔הּ כִּזְאֵבִ֖ים טֹ֣רְפֵי טָ֑רֶף לִשְׁפָּךְ־דָּם֙ לְאַבֵּ֣ד נְפָשׁ֔וֹת לְמַ֖עַן בְּצֹ֥עַ בָּֽצַע׃", "text": "Her *śāreyhā* in *qirbāh* like *zəʾēḇîm* *ṭōrəp̄ê* *ṭārep̄*; to *lišpāḵ*-*dām*, to *ʾabbēḏ* *nəp̄āšôṯ*, for *ləmaʿan* *bəṣōaʿ* *bāṣaʿ*", "grammar": { "*śāreyhā*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd feminine singular suffix - 'her princes'", "*qirbāh*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd feminine singular suffix - 'her midst'", "*zəʾēḇîm*": "masculine plural noun - 'wolves'", "*ṭōrəp̄ê*": "qal participle, masculine plural construct - 'tearing of'", "*ṭārep̄*": "masculine singular noun - 'prey'", "*lišpāḵ*": "qal infinitive construct - 'to shed'", "*dām*": "masculine singular noun - 'blood'", "*ʾabbēḏ*": "piel infinitive construct - 'to destroy'", "*nəp̄āšôṯ*": "feminine plural noun - 'souls/lives'", "*ləmaʿan*": "preposition + conjunction - 'for the purpose of'", "*bəṣōaʿ*": "qal infinitive construct - 'to gain'", "*bāṣaʿ*": "masculine singular noun - 'profit/gain'" }, "variants": { "*śāreyhā*": "her princes/her officials/her rulers", "*ṭōrəp̄ê*": "tearing of/rending of/ravening", "*ṭārep̄*": "prey/torn flesh", "*ʾabbēḏ*": "to destroy/to cause to perish", "*nəp̄āšôṯ*": "souls/lives/persons", "*bəṣōaʿ* *bāṣaʿ*": "to gain unjust gain/to make dishonest profit" } }
- Mic 3:1-4 : 1 { "verseID": "Micah.3.1", "source": "וָאֹמַ֗ר שִׁמְעוּ־נָא֙ רָאשֵׁ֣י יַעֲקֹ֔ב וּקְצִינֵ֖י בֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל הֲל֣וֹא לָכֶ֔ם לָדַ֖עַת אֶת־הַמִּשְׁפָּֽט׃", "text": "And *wāʾōmar* *šimʿû-nāʾ* *rāʾšê* *yaʿăqōb* and-*qĕṣînê* *bêt* *yiśrāʾēl* *hălôʾ* to-you to-*lādaʿat* *ʾet*-the-*mišpāṭ*", "grammar": { "*wāʾōmar*": "1st person singular, waw-consecutive imperfect - and I said", "*šimʿû-nāʾ*": "2nd person masculine plural imperative with particle of entreaty - hear/listen please", "*rāʾšê*": "masculine plural construct - heads of/leaders of", "*yaʿăqōb*": "proper name - Jacob", "*qĕṣînê*": "masculine plural construct - rulers/officers of", "*bêt*": "masculine singular construct - house of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper name - Israel", "*hălôʾ*": "interrogative particle - is it not?", "*lādaʿat*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to know", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*mišpāṭ*": "masculine singular noun - judgment/justice" }, "variants": { "*wāʾōmar*": "and I said/and I will say", "*šimʿû-nāʾ*": "listen please/hear now", "*mišpāṭ*": "justice/judgment/right/lawful claim" } } 2 { "verseID": "Micah.3.2", "source": "שֹׂ֥נְאֵי ט֖וֹב וְאֹ֣הֲבֵי *רעה **רָ֑ע גֹּזְלֵ֤י עוֹרָם֙ מֵֽעֲלֵיהֶ֔ם וּשְׁאֵרָ֖ם מֵעַ֥ל עַצְמוֹתָֽם׃", "text": "*śōnʾê* *ṭôb* and-*ʾōhăbê* *rāʿ* *gōzlê* *ʿôrām* from-upon-them and-*šĕʾērām* from-upon *ʿaṣmôtām*", "grammar": { "*śōnʾê*": "masculine plural construct participle - haters of", "*ṭôb*": "masculine singular noun/adjective - good", "*ʾōhăbê*": "masculine plural construct participle - lovers of", "*rāʿ*": "masculine singular noun/adjective - evil", "*gōzlê*": "masculine plural construct participle - plunderers of/those who tear off", "*ʿôrām*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their skin", "*šĕʾērām*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their flesh", "*ʿaṣmôtām*": "feminine plural noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their bones" }, "variants": { "*śōnʾê*": "haters of/those who hate", "*ṭôb*": "good/goodness/welfare", "*ʾōhăbê*": "lovers of/those who love", "*rāʿ*": "evil/bad/wickedness", "*gōzlê*": "plunderers/robbers/those who tear off", "*šĕʾērām*": "their flesh/meat/food/kin" } } 3 { "verseID": "Micah.3.3", "source": "וַאֲשֶׁ֣ר אָכְלוּ֮ שְׁאֵ֣ר עַמִּי֒ וְעוֹרָם֙ מֵעֲלֵיהֶ֣ם הִפְשִׁ֔יטוּ וְאֶת־עַצְמֹֽתֵיהֶ֖ם פִּצֵּ֑חוּ וּפָרְשׂוּ֙ כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר בַּסִּ֔יר וּכְבָשָׂ֖ר בְּת֥וֹךְ קַלָּֽחַת׃", "text": "And-who *ʾāklû* *šĕʾēr* *ʿammî* and-*ʿôrām* from-upon-them *hipšîṭû* and-*ʾet*-*ʿaṣmōtêhem* *piṣṣēḥû* and-*pārĕśû* like-that-which in-the-*sîr* and-like-*bāśār* in-midst *qallāḥat*", "grammar": { "*ʾāklû*": "3rd person plural qal perfect - they ate/devoured", "*šĕʾēr*": "masculine singular construct - flesh of", "*ʿammî*": "masculine singular noun with 1st person singular suffix - my people", "*ʿôrām*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their skin", "*hipšîṭû*": "3rd person plural hiphil perfect - they stripped off", "*ʿaṣmōtêhem*": "feminine plural noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their bones", "*piṣṣēḥû*": "3rd person plural piel perfect - they broke in pieces", "*pārĕśû*": "3rd person plural qal perfect - they spread out/divided", "*sîr*": "masculine singular noun - pot", "*bāśār*": "masculine singular noun - flesh/meat", "*qallāḥat*": "feminine singular noun - caldron/pot" }, "variants": { "*ʾāklû*": "they ate/devoured/consumed", "*šĕʾēr*": "flesh/meat/food/kin", "*hipšîṭû*": "they stripped off/flayed", "*piṣṣēḥû*": "they broke in pieces/shattered/crushed", "*pārĕśû*": "they spread out/scattered/divided", "*sîr*": "pot/kettle", "*bāśār*": "flesh/meat/body", "*qallāḥat*": "caldron/cooking pot" } } 4 { "verseID": "Micah.3.4", "source": "אָ֚ז יִזְעֲק֣וּ אֶל־יְהוָ֔ה וְלֹ֥א יַעֲנֶ֖ה אוֹתָ֑ם וְיַסְתֵּ֨ר פָּנָ֤יו מֵהֶם֙ בָּעֵ֣ת הַהִ֔יא כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר הֵרֵ֖עוּ מַעַלְלֵיהֶֽם׃ פ", "text": "*ʾāz* *yizʿăqû* unto-*YHWH* and-not *yaʿăneh* them and-*yastēr* *pānāyw* from-them in-the-*ʿēt* the-that as-which *hērēʿû* *maʿallêhem*", "grammar": { "*ʾāz*": "adverb - then", "*yizʿăqû*": "3rd person plural qal imperfect - they will cry out", "*YHWH*": "divine name - LORD", "*yaʿăneh*": "3rd person masculine singular qal imperfect - he will answer", "*yastēr*": "3rd person masculine singular hiphil imperfect - he will hide", "*pānāyw*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his face", "*ʿēt*": "feminine singular noun - time", "*hērēʿû*": "3rd person plural hiphil perfect - they did evil", "*maʿallêhem*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their deeds/practices" }, "variants": { "*yizʿăqû*": "they will cry out/call for help", "*yaʿăneh*": "he will answer/respond to", "*yastēr*": "he will hide/conceal", "*pānāyw*": "his face/presence", "*ʿēt*": "time/season/occasion", "*hērēʿû*": "they did evil/acted wickedly", "*maʿallêhem*": "their deeds/practices/actions" } }
- Mic 3:9-9 : 9 { "verseID": "Micah.3.9", "source": "שִׁמְעוּ־נָ֣א זֹ֗את רָאשֵׁי֙ בֵּ֣ית יַעֲקֹ֔ב וּקְצִינֵ֖י בֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל הַֽמֲתַעֲבִ֣ים מִשְׁפָּ֔ט וְאֵ֥ת כָּל־הַיְשָׁרָ֖ה יְעַקֵּֽשׁוּ׃", "text": "*šimʿû-nāʾ* this *rāʾšê* *bêt* *yaʿăqōb* and-*qĕṣînê* *bêt* *yiśrāʾēl* the-*mĕtaʿăbîm* *mišpāṭ* and-*ʾēt* all-the-*yĕšārâ* *yĕʿaqqēšû*", "grammar": { "*šimʿû-nāʾ*": "2nd person masculine plural imperative with particle of entreaty - hear please", "*rāʾšê*": "masculine plural construct - heads of", "*bêt*": "masculine singular construct - house of", "*yaʿăqōb*": "proper name - Jacob", "*qĕṣînê*": "masculine plural construct - rulers/officers of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper name - Israel", "*mĕtaʿăbîm*": "masculine plural piel participle - abhorring", "*mišpāṭ*": "masculine singular noun - judgment", "*ʾēt*": "direct object marker", "*yĕšārâ*": "feminine singular adjective - straight/upright", "*yĕʿaqqēšû*": "3rd person plural piel imperfect - they pervert" }, "variants": { "*šimʿû-nāʾ*": "hear please/listen now", "*mĕtaʿăbîm*": "abhorring/detesting/rejecting", "*mišpāṭ*": "judgment/justice/right", "*yĕšārâ*": "straight/upright/right", "*yĕʿaqqēšû*": "they pervert/twist/distort" } } 10 { "verseID": "Micah.3.10", "source": "בֹּנֶ֥ה צִיּ֖וֹן בְּדָמִ֑ים וִירוּשָׁלַ֖͏ִם בְּעַוְלָֽה׃", "text": "*bōneh* *ṣiyyôn* with-*dāmîm* and-*yĕrûšālaim* with-*ʿawlâ*", "grammar": { "*bōneh*": "masculine singular qal participle - building", "*ṣiyyôn*": "proper name - Zion", "*dāmîm*": "masculine plural noun - blood/bloodshed", "*yĕrûšālaim*": "proper name - Jerusalem", "*ʿawlâ*": "feminine singular noun - injustice/unrighteousness" }, "variants": { "*bōneh*": "building/one who builds", "*dāmîm*": "blood/bloodshed/bloodguilt", "*ʿawlâ*": "injustice/unrighteousness/wickedness" } } 11 { "verseID": "Micah.3.11", "source": "רָאשֶׁ֣יהָ ׀ בְּשֹׁ֣חַד יִשְׁפֹּ֗טוּ וְכֹהֲנֶ֙יהָ֙ בִּמְחִ֣יר יוֹר֔וּ וּנְבִיאֶ֖יהָ בְּכֶ֣סֶף יִקְסֹ֑מוּ וְעַל־יְהוָה֙ יִשָּׁעֵ֣נוּ לֵאמֹ֔ר הֲל֤וֹא יְהוָה֙ בְּקִרְבֵּ֔נוּ לֹֽא־תָב֥וֹא עָלֵ֖ינוּ רָעָֽה׃", "text": "*rāʾšêhā* for-*šōḥad* *yišpōṭû* and-*kōhănêhā* for-*mĕḥîr* *yôrû* and-*nĕbîʾêhā* for-*kesep* *yiqsōmû* and-upon-*YHWH* *yiššāʿēnû* saying *hălôʾ* *YHWH* in-*qirbēnû* not-*tābôʾ* upon-us *rāʿâ*", "grammar": { "*rāʾšêhā*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - her heads/leaders", "*šōḥad*": "masculine singular noun - bribe", "*yišpōṭû*": "3rd person plural qal imperfect - they judge", "*kōhănêhā*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - her priests", "*mĕḥîr*": "masculine singular noun - price/payment", "*yôrû*": "3rd person plural hiphil imperfect - they teach", "*nĕbîʾêhā*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - her prophets", "*kesep*": "masculine singular noun - silver/money", "*yiqsōmû*": "3rd person plural qal imperfect - they divine", "*YHWH*": "divine name - LORD", "*yiššāʿēnû*": "3rd person plural niphal imperfect - they lean", "*hălôʾ*": "interrogative particle - is not", "*qirbēnû*": "masculine singular noun with 1st person plural suffix - our midst", "*tābôʾ*": "3rd person feminine singular qal imperfect - she will come", "*rāʿâ*": "feminine singular noun/adjective - evil/disaster" }, "variants": { "*rāʾšêhā*": "her heads/leaders/chiefs", "*šōḥad*": "bribe/gift", "*yišpōṭû*": "they judge/govern", "*mĕḥîr*": "price/payment/hire", "*yôrû*": "they teach/instruct", "*kesep*": "silver/money/payment", "*yiqsōmû*": "they divine/practice divination", "*yiššāʿēnû*": "they lean/rely/depend", "*qirbēnû*": "our midst/among us", "*tābôʾ*": "she will come/arrive/happen", "*rāʿâ*": "evil/disaster/calamity" } }
- Job 4:8-9 : 8 { "verseID": "Job.4.8", "source": "כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר רָ֭אִיתִי חֹ֣רְשֵׁי אָ֑וֶן וְזֹרְעֵ֖י עָמָ֣ל יִקְצְרֻֽהוּ׃", "text": "As *kaʾăšer* *rāʾîtî* *ḥōrəšê* *ʾāwen* and *wə-zōrəʿê* *ʿāmāl* *yiqṣərūhû*", "grammar": { "*kaʾăšer*": "preposition + relative pronoun - as/like/according to", "*rāʾîtî*": "Qal perfect, 1st person common singular - I have seen", "*ḥōrəšê*": "Qal participle, masculine plural construct - plowers of", "*ʾāwen*": "noun, masculine singular - iniquity/trouble/sorrow", "*wə-zōrəʿê*": "waw conjunction + Qal participle, masculine plural construct - and sowers of", "*ʿāmāl*": "noun, masculine singular - trouble/toil/mischief", "*yiqṣərūhû*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - they reap it" }, "variants": { "*rāʾîtî*": "to see/observe/perceive", "*ḥōrəšê*": "plowers/craftsmen/devisers", "*ʾāwen*": "iniquity/trouble/sorrow/wickedness", "*zōrəʿê*": "sowers/planters/scatterers", "*ʿāmāl*": "trouble/toil/labor/mischief", "*yiqṣərūhû*": "to reap/harvest/cut" } } 9 { "verseID": "Job.4.9", "source": "מִנִּשְׁמַ֣ת אֱל֣וֹהַ יֹאבֵ֑דוּ וּמֵר֖וּחַ אַפּ֣וֹ יִכְלֽוּ׃", "text": "From *min-nišmat* *ʾĕlôah* *yōʾbēdû* and from *û-mē-rûaḥ* *ʾappô* *yiḵlû*", "grammar": { "*min-nišmat*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular construct - from breath of", "*ʾĕlôah*": "noun, masculine singular - God", "*yōʾbēdû*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they perish", "*û-mē-rûaḥ*": "waw conjunction + preposition + noun, feminine singular construct - and from breath/wind of", "*ʾappô*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his nostril/anger", "*yiḵlû*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they are consumed" }, "variants": { "*nišmat*": "breath/spirit/blast", "*ʾĕlôah*": "God/deity (singular form of Elohim)", "*yōʾbēdû*": "to perish/be destroyed/be lost", "*rûaḥ*": "breath/wind/spirit", "*ʾappô*": "his nostril/anger/face", "*yiḵlû*": "to be consumed/completed/finished" } } 10 { "verseID": "Job.4.10", "source": "שַׁאֲגַ֣ת אַ֭רְיֵה וְק֣וֹל שָׁ֑חַל וְשִׁנֵּ֖י כְפִירִ֣ים נִתָּֽעוּ׃", "text": "*šaʾăgat* *ʾaryēh* and *wə-qôl* *šāḥal* and *wə-šinnê* *ḵəpîrîm* *nittāʿû*", "grammar": { "*šaʾăgat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - roaring of", "*ʾaryēh*": "noun, masculine singular - lion", "*wə-qôl*": "waw conjunction + noun, masculine singular construct - and voice of", "*šāḥal*": "noun, masculine singular - lion (fierce lion)", "*wə-šinnê*": "waw conjunction + noun, feminine plural construct - and teeth of", "*ḵəpîrîm*": "noun, masculine plural - young lions", "*nittāʿû*": "Niphal perfect, 3rd person common plural - are broken/shattered" }, "variants": { "*šaʾăgat*": "roaring/growling", "*ʾaryēh*": "lion (general term)", "*qôl*": "voice/sound/noise", "*šāḥal*": "lion (fierce/roaring lion)", "*šinnê*": "teeth/ivory", "*ḵəpîrîm*": "young lions/village", "*nittāʿû*": "to be broken/shattered/plucked out" } } 11 { "verseID": "Job.4.11", "source": "לַ֭יִשׁ אֹבֵ֣ד מִבְּלִי־טָ֑רֶף וּבְנֵ֥י לָ֝בִ֗יא יִתְפָּרָֽדוּ׃", "text": "*layiš* *ʾōbēd* from *mibblî-ṭārep* and *û-bənê* *lābîʾ* *yitpārādû*", "grammar": { "*layiš*": "noun, masculine singular - lion (old lion)", "*ʾōbēd*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - perishing", "*mibblî-ṭārep*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular + noun, masculine singular - from lack of prey", "*û-bənê*": "waw conjunction + noun, masculine plural construct - and sons/children of", "*lābîʾ*": "noun, feminine singular - lioness", "*yitpārādû*": "Hithpael imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they are scattered" }, "variants": { "*layiš*": "lion (old lion)/Laish (place name)", "*ʾōbēd*": "perishing/wandering/being lost", "*mibblî-ṭārep*": "from lack of prey/food", "*bənê*": "sons/children/young", "*lābîʾ*": "lioness/great lion", "*yitpārādû*": "to be scattered/separated/divided" } }
- Ps 10:8-9 : 8 { "verseID": "Psalms.10.8", "source": "יֵשֵׁ֤ב ׀ בְּמַאְרַ֬ב חֲצֵרִ֗ים בַּֽ֭מִּסְתָּרִים יַהֲרֹ֣ג נָקִ֑י עֵ֝ינָ֗יו לְֽחֵלְכָ֥ה יִצְפֹּֽנוּ׃", "text": "*yēšēb* *bĕmaʾrab* *ḥăṣērîm* *bammistārîm* *yaharōg* *nāqî* *ʿênāyw* *lĕḥēlkāh* *yiṣpōnû*", "grammar": { "*yēšēb*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - he sits/dwells", "*bĕmaʾrab*": "preposition + noun masculine singular construct - in ambush of", "*ḥăṣērîm*": "noun masculine plural - villages/settlements", "*bammistārîm*": "preposition + definite article + noun masculine plural - in the hiding places", "*yaharōg*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - he kills/slays", "*nāqî*": "adjective masculine singular - innocent", "*ʿênāyw*": "noun dual + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his eyes", "*lĕḥēlkāh*": "preposition + adjective feminine singular - for unfortunate/unhappy", "*yiṣpōnû*": "qal imperfect 3rd person plural - they lurk/lie in wait" }, "variants": { "*yēšēb*": "sit/dwell/remain", "*maʾrab*": "ambush/hiding place/lurking place", "*ḥāṣēr*": "village/settlement/court", "*mistārîm*": "hiding places/secret places", "*yaharōg*": "kill/slay/murder", "*nāqî*": "innocent/free from guilt", "*ʿayin*": "eye/spring/appearance", "*ḥēlkāh*": "unfortunate/unhappy people/victims", "*yiṣpōnû*": "lurk/hide/lie in wait" } } 9 { "verseID": "Psalms.10.9", "source": "יֶאֱרֹ֬ב בַּמִּסְתָּ֨ר ׀ כְּאַרְיֵ֬ה בְסֻכֹּ֗ה יֶ֭אֱרֹב לַחֲט֣וֹף עָנִ֑י יַחְטֹ֥ף עָ֝נִ֗י בְּמָשְׁכ֥וֹ בְרִשְׁתּֽוֹ׃", "text": "*yeʾĕrōb* *bammistār* *kĕʾaryēh* *bĕsukkōh* *yeʾĕrōb* *laḥăṭôp* *ʿānî* *yaḥṭōp* *ʿānî* *bĕmoškô* *bĕrištô*", "grammar": { "*yeʾĕrōb*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - he lies in wait", "*bammistār*": "preposition + definite article + noun masculine singular - in the hiding place", "*kĕʾaryēh*": "preposition + noun masculine singular - like a lion", "*bĕsukkōh*": "preposition + noun feminine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - in his thicket/den", "*yeʾĕrōb*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - he lies in wait", "*laḥăṭôp*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to seize/snatch", "*ʿānî*": "noun masculine singular - poor/afflicted person", "*yaḥṭōp*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - he seizes/snatches", "*ʿānî*": "noun masculine singular - poor/afflicted person", "*bĕmoškô*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - in his drawing/pulling", "*bĕrištô*": "preposition + noun feminine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - in his net" }, "variants": { "*yeʾĕrōb*": "lie in wait/ambush/lurk", "*mistār*": "hiding place/secret place", "*ʾaryēh*": "lion/powerful one", "*sukkōh*": "thicket/den/lair", "*laḥăṭôp*": "to seize/snatch/capture", "*ʿānî*": "poor/afflicted/humble person", "*yaḥṭōp*": "seize/snatch/capture", "*moškô*": "drawing/pulling/dragging", "*rešet*": "net/snare" } } 10 { "verseID": "Psalms.10.10", "source": "*ודכה **יִדְכֶּ֥ה יָשֹׁ֑חַ וְנָפַ֥ל בַּ֝עֲצוּמָּ֗יו *חלכאים **חֵ֣יל **כָּאִֽים׃", "text": "*yidkeh* *yāšōaḥ* *wĕnāpal* *baʿăṣûmmāyw* *ḥēl* *kāʾîm*", "grammar": { "*yidkeh*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - he crushes/oppresses", "*yāšōaḥ*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - he stoops/crouches/bows down", "*wĕnāpal*": "conjunction + qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he falls", "*baʿăṣûmmāyw*": "preposition + noun masculine plural + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - in/by his strong ones/claws", "*ḥēl*": "noun masculine singular construct - army/force of", "*kāʾîm*": "adjective masculine plural - unfortunate/victims" }, "variants": { "*yidkeh*": "crush/oppress/break to pieces", "*yāšōaḥ*": "stoop/bow down/crouch", "*nāpal*": "fall/be cast down", "*ʿăṣûmmīm*": "strong ones/mighty ones/powerful limbs/claws", "*ḥēl*": "army/force/strength/host", "*kāʾîm*": "victims/unfortunate ones/crushed ones" } }
- Prov 28:15 : 15 { "verseID": "Proverbs.28.15", "source": "אֲרִי־נֹ֭הֵם וְדֹ֣ב שׁוֹקֵ֑ק מֹשֵׁ֥ל רָ֝שָׁ֗ע עַ֣ל עַם־דָּֽל׃", "text": "*'ărî*-*nōhēm* *wəḏōḇ* *šôqēq* *mōšēl* *rāšāʿ* *'al* *'am*-*dāl*", "grammar": { "*'ărî*-*nōhēm*": "noun, masculine singular + Qal participle, masculine singular - lion roaring", "*wəḏōḇ*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular - and a bear", "*šôqēq*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - charging/rushing", "*mōšēl*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - ruling", "*rāšāʿ*": "adjective, masculine singular - wicked", "*'al*": "preposition - over", "*'am*-*dāl*": "noun, masculine singular + adjective, masculine singular - poor people" }, "variants": { "*'ărî*": "lion", "*nōhēm*": "roaring/growling", "*dōḇ*": "bear", "*šôqēq*": "charging/rushing/running", "*mōšēl*": "ruler/one ruling", "*rāšāʿ*": "wicked/evil", "*'am*": "people/nation", "*dāl*": "poor/weak/lowly" } }
- Isa 1:23 : 23 { "verseID": "Isaiah.1.23", "source": "שָׂרַ֣יִךְ סוֹרְרִ֗ים וְחַבְרֵי֙ גַּנָּבִ֔ים כֻּלּוֹ֙ אֹהֵ֣ב שֹׁ֔חַד וְרֹדֵ֖ף שַׁלְמֹנִ֑ים יָתוֹם֙ לֹ֣א יִשְׁפֹּ֔טוּ וְרִ֥יב אַלְמָנָ֖ה לֹֽא־יָב֥וֹא אֲלֵיהֶֽם׃ פ", "text": "*śārayik* *sôrᵉrîm* *wᵉḥabrê* *gannābîm* *kullô* *ʾōhēb* *šōḥad* *wᵉrōdēp* *šalmōnîm* *yātôm* *lōʾ* *yišpōṭû* *wᵉrîb* *ʾalmānâ* *lōʾ*-*yābôʾ* *ʾălêhem*", "grammar": { "*śārayik*": "noun, masculine plural + 2nd person feminine singular suffix - your princes", "*sôrᵉrîm*": "adjective, qal active participle, masculine plural - rebellious", "*wᵉḥabrê*": "conjunction wə- + noun, masculine plural construct - and companions of", "*gannābîm*": "noun, masculine plural - thieves", "*kullô*": "construct noun, masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - all of it", "*ʾōhēb*": "participle, qal active, masculine singular - loving", "*šōḥad*": "noun, masculine singular - bribe", "*wᵉrōdēp*": "conjunction wə- + participle, qal active, masculine singular - and pursuing", "*šalmōnîm*": "noun, masculine plural - rewards/payments", "*yātôm*": "noun, masculine singular - orphan/fatherless", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*yišpōṭû*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they judge", "*wᵉrîb*": "conjunction wə- + noun, masculine singular construct - and cause of", "*ʾalmānâ*": "noun, feminine singular - widow", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*yābôʾ*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - comes", "*ʾălêhem*": "preposition ʾel + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - to them" }, "variants": { "*śārayik*": "your princes/rulers/officials", "*sôrᵉrîm*": "rebellious/stubborn/defiant", "*ḥabrê*": "companions/associates/partners", "*gannābîm*": "thieves/robbers", "*ʾōhēb*": "loving/fond of/attached to", "*šōḥad*": "bribe/gift/payoff", "*rōdēp*": "pursuing/chasing/following after", "*šalmōnîm*": "rewards/payments/bribes", "*yišpōṭû*": "they judge/defend/give justice to", "*rîb*": "cause/case/legal claim" } }