Ephesians 4:31

American Standard Version (1901)

Let all bitterness, and wrath, and anger, and clamor, and railing, be put away from you, with all malice:

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

Πᾶσα πικρία, καὶ θυμὸς, καὶ ὀργὴ, καὶ κραυγὴ, καὶ βλασφημία, ἀρθήτω ἀφʼ ὑμῶν, σὺν πάσῃ κακίᾳ:

Transliteration

All pikria, and thymos, and orgē, and kraugē, and blasphēmia, let be arthētō from you, with all kakia:

Grammar Details

• *pikria*: nominative feminine singular - bitterness
• *thymos*: nominative masculine singular - wrath/rage
• *orgē*: nominative feminine singular - anger
• *kraugē*: nominative feminine singular - clamor/outcry
• *blasphēmia*: nominative feminine singular - slander/evil speaking
• *arthētō*: aorist passive imperative, 3rd singular - let be taken away
• *kakia*: dative feminine singular - with malice/evil

Word Meanings

• *pikria*: bitterness/harshness
• *thymos*: wrath/rage/passionate anger
• *orgē*: anger/indignation
• *kraugē*: clamor/outcry/shouting
• *blasphēmia*: slander/evil speaking/abusive speech
• *arthētō*: be taken away/removed
• *kakia*: malice/evil/wickedness

Referenced Verses

• Col 3:8 : 8 but now do ye also put them all away: anger, wrath, malice, railing, shameful speaking out of your mouth:
• Eccl 7:9 : 9 Be not hasty in thy spirit to be angry; for anger resteth in the bosom of fools.
• 1 Pet 2:1 : 1 Putting away therefore all wickedness, and all guile, and hypocrisies, and envies, and all evil speakings,
• Eph 4:26 : 26 Be ye angry, and sin not: let not the sun go down upon your wrath:
• Titus 3:2-3 : 2 to speak evil of no man, not to be contentious, to be gentle, showing all meekness toward all men. 3 For we also once were foolish, disobedient, deceived, serving divers lusts and pleasures, living in malice and envy, hateful, hating one another.
• Jas 1:19 : 19 Ye know [this], my beloved brethren. But let every man be swift to hear, slow to speak, slow to wrath:
• Col 3:19 : 19 Husbands, love your wives, and be not bitter against them.
• Prov 26:20 : 20 For lack of wood the fire goeth out; And where there is no whisperer, contention ceaseth.
• Jas 3:14-4:2 : 14 But if ye have bitter jealousy and faction in your heart, glory not and lie not against the truth. 15 This wisdom is not [a wisdom] that cometh down from above, but is earthly, sensual, devilish. 16 For where jealousy and faction are, there is confusion and every vile deed. 17 But the wisdom that is from above is first pure, then peaceable, gentle, easy to be entreated, full of mercy and good fruits, without variance, without hypocrisy. 18 And the fruit of righteousness is sown in peace for them that make peace. 1 Whence [come] wars and whence [come] fightings among you? [come they] not hence, [even] of your pleasures that war in your members? 2 Ye lust, and have not: ye kill, and covet, and cannot obtain: ye fight and war; ye have not, because ye ask not.
• Jas 4:11 : 11 Speak not one against another, brethren. He that speaketh against a brother, or judgeth his brother, speaketh against the law, and judgeth the law: but if thou judgest the law, thou art not a doer of the law, but a judge.
• 1 Cor 14:20 : 20 Brethren, be not children in mind: yet in malice be ye babes, but in mind be men.
• 2 Cor 12:20 : 20 For I fear, lest by any means, when I come, I should find you not such as I would, and should myself be found of you such as ye would not; lest by any means [there should be] strife, jealousy, wraths, factions, backbitings, whisperings, swellings, tumults;
• Gal 5:20 : 20 idolatry, sorcery, enmities, strife, jealousies, wraths, factions, divisions, parties,
• 1 Tim 6:4-5 : 4 he is puffed up, knowing nothing, but doting about questionings and disputes of words, whereof cometh envy, strife, railings, evil surmisings, 5 wranglings of men corrupted in mind and bereft of the truth, supposing that godliness is a way of gain.
• Prov 26:24-25 : 24 He that hateth dissembleth with his lips; But he layeth up deceit within him: 25 When he speaketh fair, believe him not; For there are seven abominations in his heart:
• Prov 29:9 : 9 If a wise man hath a controversy with a foolish man, Whether he be angry or laugh, there will be no rest.
• Prov 29:22 : 22 An angry man stirreth up strife, And a wrathful man aboundeth in transgression.
• 1 Tim 3:3 : 3 no brawler, no striker; but gentle, not contentious, no lover of money;
• 1 Tim 3:11 : 11 Women in like manner [must be] grave, not slanderers, temperate, faithful in all things.
• Jer 6:28 : 28 They are all grievous revolters, going about with slanders; they are brass and iron: they all of them deal corruptly.
• Jer 9:4 : 4 Take ye heed every one of his neighbor, and trust ye not in any brother; for every brother will utterly supplant, and every neighbor will go about with slanders.
• Acts 19:28-29 : 28 And when they heard this they were filled with wrath, and cried out, saying, Great is Diana of the Ephesus. 29 And the city was filled with the confusion: and they rushed with one accord into the theatre, having seized Gaius and Aristarchus, men of Macedonia, Paul's companions in travel.
• Acts 21:30 : 30 And all the city was moved, and the people ran together; and they laid hold on Paul, and dragged him out of the temple: and straightway the doors were shut.
• Acts 22:22-23 : 22 And they gave him audience unto this word; and they lifted up their voice, and said, Away with such a fellow from the earth: for it is not fit that he should live. 23 And as they cried out, and threw off their garments, and cast dust into the air,
• Rom 1:29-30 : 29 being filled with all unrighteousness, wickedness, covetousness, maliciousness; full of envy, murder, strife, deceit, malignity; whisperers, 30 backbiters, hateful to God, insolent, haughty, boastful, inventors of evil things, disobedient to parents,
• Rom 3:14 : 14 Whose mouth is full of cursing and bitterness:
• 1 Cor 5:8 : 8 wherefore let us keep the feast, not with old leaven, neither with the leaven of malice and wickedness, but with the unleavened bread of sincerity and truth.
• Gen 4:8 : 8 And Cain told Abel his brother. And it came to pass, when they were in the field, that Cain rose up against Abel his brother, and slew him.
• Gen 27:41 : 41 And Esau hated Jacob because of the blessing wherewith his father blessed him: and Esau said in his heart, The days of mourning for my father are at hand; then will I slay my brother Jacob.
• Gen 37:4 : 4 And his brethren saw that their father loved him more than all his brethren; and they hated him, and could not speak peaceably unto him.
• Gen 37:21 : 21 And Reuben heard it, and delivered him out of their hand, and said, Let us not take his life.
• Lev 19:16-18 : 16 Thou shalt not go up and down as a talebearer among thy people: neither shalt thou stand against the blood of thy neighbor: I am Jehovah. 17 Thou shalt not hate thy brother in thy heart: thou shalt surely rebuke thy neighbor, and not bear sin because of him. 18 Thou shalt not take vengeance, nor bear any grudge against the children of thy people; but thou shalt love thy neighbor as thyself: I am Jehovah.
• 2 Sam 13:22 : 22 And Absalom spake unto Amnon neither good nor bad; for Absalom hated Amnon, because he had forced his sister Tamar.
• 2 Sam 19:27 : 27 And he hath slandered thy servant unto my lord the king; but my lord the king is as an angel of God: do therefore what is good in thine eyes.
• 2 Sam 19:43-20:2 : 43 And the men of Israel answered the men of Judah, and said, We have ten parts in the king, and we have also more [right] in David than ye: why then did ye despise us, that our advice should not be first had in bringing back our king? And the words of the men of Judah were fiercer than the words of the men of Israel. 1 And there happened to be there a base fellow, whose name was Sheba, the son of Bichri, a Benjamite: and he blew the trumpet, and said, We have no portion in David, neither have we inheritance in the son of Jesse: every man to his tents, O Israel. 2 So all the men of Israel went up from following David, and followed Sheba the son of Bichri; but the men of Judah clave unto their king, from the Jordan even to Jerusalem.
• Ps 15:3 : 3 He that slandereth not with his tongue, Nor doeth evil to his friend, Nor taketh up a reproach against his neighbor;
• Ps 50:20 : 20 Thou sittest and speakest against thy brother; Thou slanderest thine own mother's son.
• Ps 64:3 : 3 Who have whet their tongue like a sword, And have aimed their arrows, even bitter words,
• Ps 101:5 : 5 Whoso privily slandereth his neighbor, him will I destroy: Him that hath a high look and a proud heart will I not suffer.
• Ps 140:11 : 11 An evil speaker shall not be established in the earth: Evil shall hunt the violent man to overthrow him.
• Prov 6:19 : 19 A false witness that uttereth lies, And he that soweth discord among brethren.
• Prov 10:12 : 12 Hatred stirreth up strifes; But love covereth all transgressions.
• Prov 10:18 : 18 He that hideth hatred is of lying lips; And he that uttereth a slander is a fool.
• Prov 14:17 : 17 He that is soon angry will deal foolishly; And a man of wicked devices is hated.
• Prov 18:8 : 8 The words of a whisperer are as dainty morsels, And they go down into the innermost parts.
• Prov 19:12 : 12 The king's wrath is as the roaring of a lion; But his favor is as dew upon the grass.
• Prov 25:23 : 23 The north wind bringeth forth rain: So doth a backbiting tongue an angry countenance.
• 1 Tim 5:13 : 13 And withal they learn also [to be] idle, going about from house to house; and not only idle, but tattlers also and busybodies, speaking things which they ought not.
• 2 Tim 2:23 : 23 But foolish and ignorant questionings refuse, knowing that they gender strifes.
• 2 Tim 3:3 : 3 without natural affection, implacable, slanderers, without self-control, fierce, no lovers of good,
• Titus 1:7 : 7 For the bishop must be blameless, as God's steward; not self-willed, not soon angry, no brawler, no striker, not greedy of filthy lucre;
• Titus 2:3 : 3 that aged women likewise be reverent in demeanor, not slanderers nor enslaved to much wine, teachers of that which is good;
• 2 Pet 2:10-11 : 10 but chiefly them that walk after the flesh in the lust of defilement, and despise dominion. Daring, self-willed, they tremble not to rail at dignities: 11 whereas angels, though greater in might and power, bring not a railing judgment against them before the Lord.
• 1 John 3:12 : 12 not as Cain was of the evil one, and slew his brother. And wherefore slew he him? Because his works were evil, and his brother's righteous.
• 1 John 3:15 : 15 Whosoever hateth his brother is a murderer: and ye know that no murderer hath eternal life abiding in him.
• Jude 1:8-9 : 8 Yet in like manner these also in their dreamings defile the flesh, and set at nought dominion, and rail at dignities. 9 But Michael the archangel, when contending with the devil he disputed about the body of Moses, durst not bring against him a railing judgment, but said, The Lord rebuke thee. 10 But these rail at whatsoever things they know not: and what they understand naturally, like the creatures without reason, in these things are they destroyed.
• Rev 12:10 : 10 And I heard a great voice in heaven, saying, Now is come the salvation, and the power, and the kingdom of our God, and the authority of his Christ: for the accuser of our brethren is cast down, who accuseth them before our God day and night.