Isaiah 23:3

American Standard Version (1901)

And on great waters the seed of the Shihor, the harvest of the Nile, was her revenue; and she was the mart of nations.

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

וּבְמַ֤יִם רַבִּים֙ זֶ֣רַע שִׁחֹ֔ר קְצִ֥יר יְא֖וֹר תְּבֽוּאָתָ֑הּ וַתְּהִ֖י סְחַ֥ר גּוֹיִֽם׃

Transliteration

And-on-mayim rabbîm zeraʿ Šiḥōr qĕṣîr yĕʾôr tĕbûʾātāh wattĕhî sĕḥar gôyim

Grammar Details

• *mayim*: noun, masculine plural - waters
• *rabbîm*: adjective, masculine plural - great/many
• *zeraʿ*: noun, masculine singular construct - seed of
• *Šiḥōr*: proper noun - Shihor/Nile
• *qĕṣîr*: noun, masculine singular construct - harvest of
• *yĕʾôr*: noun, masculine singular - Nile/river
• *tĕbûʾātāh*: noun, feminine singular + 3rd feminine singular suffix - its produce/revenue
• *wattĕhî*: conjunction + qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd feminine singular - and it became
• *sĕḥar*: noun, masculine singular construct - merchandise/trade of
• *gôyim*: noun, masculine plural - nations

Word Meanings

• *zeraʿ* *Šiḥōr*: seed of Shihor/grain of the Nile/harvest of Egypt
• *qĕṣîr* *yĕʾôr*: harvest of the Nile/river harvest
• *tĕbûʾātāh*: its produce/its revenue/its income
• *sĕḥar*: merchandise/market/emporium

Referenced Verses

• 1 Chr 13:5 : 5 So David assembled all Israel together, from the Shihor [the brook] of Egypt even unto the entrance of Hamath, to bring the ark of God from Kiriath-jearim.
• Jer 2:18 : 18 And now what hast thou to do in the way to Egypt, to drink the waters of the Shihor? or what hast thou to do in the way to Assyria, to drink the waters of the River? [
• Ezek 27:3-9 : 3 and say unto Tyre, O thou that dwellest at the entry of the sea, that art the merchant of the peoples unto many isles, thus saith the Lord Jehovah: Thou, O Tyre, hast said, I am perfect in beauty. 4 Thy borders are in the heart of the seas; thy builders have perfected thy beauty. 5 They have made all thy planks of fir-trees from Senir; they have taken a cedar from Lebanon to make a mast for thee. 6 Of the oaks of Bashan have they made thine oars; they have made thy benches of ivory inlaid in boxwood, from the isles of Kittim. 7 Of fine linen with broidered work from Egypt was thy sail, that it might be to thee for an ensign; blue and purple from the isles of Elishah was thine awning. 8 The inhabitants of Sidon and Arvad were thy rowers: thy wise men, O Tyre, were in thee, they were thy pilots. 9 The old men of Gebal and the wise men thereof were in thee thy calkers: all the ships of the sea with their mariners were in thee to deal in thy merchandise. 10 Persia and Lud and Put were in thine army, thy men of war: they hanged the shield and helmet in thee; they set forth thy comeliness. 11 The men of Arvad with thine army were upon thy walls round about, and valorous men were in thy towers; they hanged their shields upon thy walls round about; they have perfected thy beauty. 12 Tarshish was thy merchant by reason of the multitude of all kinds of riches; with silver, iron, tin, and lead, they traded for thy wares. 13 Javan, Tubal, and Meshech, they were thy traffickers; they traded the persons of men and vessels of brass for thy merchandise. 14 They of the house of Togarmah traded for thy wares with horses and war-horses and mules. 15 The men of Dedan were thy traffickers; many isles were the mart of thy hand: they brought thee in exchange horns of ivory and ebony. 16 Syria was thy merchant by reason of the multitude of thy handiworks: they traded for thy wares with emeralds, purple, and broidered work, and fine linen, and coral, and rubies. 17 Judah, and the land of Israel, they were thy traffickers: they traded for thy merchandise wheat of Minnith, and pannag, and honey, and oil, and balm. 18 Damascus was thy merchant for the multitude of thy handiworks, by reason of the multitude of all kinds of riches, with the wine of Helbon, and white wool. 19 Vedan and Javan traded with yarn for thy wares: bright iron, cassia, and calamus, were among thy merchandise. 20 Dedan was thy trafficker in precious cloths for riding. 21 Arabia, and all the princes of Kedar, they were the merchants of thy hand; in lambs, and rams, and goats, in these were they thy merchants. 22 The traffickers of Sheba and Raamah, they were thy traffickers; they traded for thy wares with the chief of all spices, and with all precious stones, and gold. 23 Haran and Canneh and Eden, the traffickers of Sheba, Asshur [and] Chilmad, were thy traffickers.
• Ezek 27:33 : 33 When thy wares went forth out of the seas, thou filledst many peoples; thou didst enrich the kings of the earth with the multitude of thy riches and of thy merchandise.
• Ezek 28:4 : 4 by thy wisdom and by thine understanding thou hast gotten thee riches, and hast gotten gold and silver into thy treasures;
• Joel 3:5 : 5 Forasmuch as ye have taken my silver and my gold, and have carried into your temples my goodly precious things,
• Rev 18:11-13 : 11 And the merchants of the earth weep and mourn over her, for no man buyeth their merchandise any more; 12 merchandise of gold, and silver, and precious stone, and pearls, and fine linen, and purple, and silk, and scarlet; and all thyine wood, and every vessel of ivory, and every vessel made of most precious wood, and of brass, and iron, and marble; 13 and cinnamon, and spice, and incense, and ointment, and frankincense, and wine, and oil, and fine flour, and wheat, and cattle, and sheep; and [merchandise] of horses and chariots and [ slaves; and souls of men.
• Isa 19:7 : 7 The meadows by the Nile, by the brink of the Nile, and all the sown fields of the Nile, shall become dry, be driven away, and be no more.
• Isa 23:8 : 8 Who hath purposed this against Tyre, the bestower of crowns, whose merchants are princes, whose traffickers are the honorable of the earth?
• Isa 32:20 : 20 Blessed are yet that sow beside all waters, that send forth the feet of the ox and the ass.
• Deut 11:10 : 10 For the land, whither thou goest in to possess it, is not as the land of Egypt, from whence ye came out, where thou sowedst thy seed, and wateredst it with thy foot, as a garden of herbs;