Revelation 20:12

American Standard Version with Strong's Numbers

And I saw the dead, the great and the small, standing before the throne; and books were opened: and another book was opened, which is [the book] of life: and the dead were judged out of the things which were written in the books, according to their works.

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

Καὶ εἶδον τοὺς νεκρούς, μικρούς καὶ μεγάλους, ἑστῶτας ἐνώπιον τοῦ Θεοῦ· καὶ βιβλία ἠνεῳχθησαν: καὶ ἄλλο βιβλίον ἠνεῳχθη, ὅ ἐστιν τῆς ζωῆς: καὶ ἐκρίθησαν οἱ νεκροὶ ἐκ τῶν γεγραμμένων ἐν τοῖς βιβλίοις, κατὰ τὰ ἔργα αὐτῶν.

Transliteration

And I eidon the nekrous, mikrous and megalous, hestōtas before the Theou; and biblia ēneōchthēsan: and another biblion ēneōchthē, which estin of the zōēs: and ekrithēsan the nekroi from the things gegrammenōn in the bibliois, according to the erga of them.

Grammar Details

• *eidon*: aorist active indicative, 1st person singular - I saw
• *nekrous*: accusative, masculine, plural - dead ones
• *mikrous*: accusative, masculine, plural - small/little
• *megalous*: accusative, masculine, plural - great/large
• *hestōtas*: perfect active participle, accusative, masculine, plural - standing
• *Theou*: genitive, masculine, singular - God
• *biblia*: nominative, neuter, plural - books/scrolls
• *ēneōchthēsan*: aorist passive indicative, 3rd person plural - were opened
• *biblion*: nominative, neuter, singular - book/scroll
• *ēneōchthē*: aorist passive indicative, 3rd person singular - was opened
• *estin*: present active indicative, 3rd person singular - is
• *zōēs*: genitive, feminine, singular - life
• *ekrithēsan*: aorist passive indicative, 3rd person plural - were judged
• *nekroi*: nominative, masculine, plural - dead ones
• *gegrammenōn*: perfect passive participle, genitive, neuter, plural - having been written
• *bibliois*: dative, neuter, plural - books/scrolls
• *erga*: accusative, neuter, plural - works/deeds

Word Meanings

• *nekrous*: dead ones/corpses
• *hestōtas*: standing/established/positioned
• *biblia*: books/scrolls/records
• *ēneōchthēsan*: were opened/unfolded/disclosed
• *zōēs*: life/existence
• *ekrithēsan*: were judged/evaluated/assessed
• *gegrammenōn*: having been written/recorded/inscribed
• *erga*: works/deeds/actions

Referenced Verses

• 2 Cor 5:10 : 10 For we must all be made manifest before the judgment-seat of Christ; that each one may receive the things [done] in the body, according to what he hath done, whether [it be] good or bad.
• Matt 16:27 : 27 For the Son of man shall come in the glory of his Father with his angels; and then shall he render unto every man according to his deeds.
• Dan 7:10 : 10 A fiery stream issued and came forth from before him: thousands of thousands ministered unto him, and ten thousand times ten thousand stood before him: the judgment was set, and the books were opened.
• Rev 2:23 : 23 And I will kill her children with death; and all the churches shall know that I am he that searcheth the reins and hearts: and I will give unto each one of you according to your works.
• Rev 3:5 : 5 He that overcometh shall thus be arrayed in white garments; and I will in no wise blot his name out of the book of life, and I will confess his name before my Father, and before his angels.
• Eccl 12:14 : 14 For God will bring every work into judgment, with every hidden thing, whether it be good, or whether it be evil.
• Jer 17:10 : 10 I, Jehovah, search the mind, I try the heart, even to give every man according to his ways, according to the fruit of his doings.
• Rom 14:10-12 : 10 But thou, why dost thou judge thy brother? or {G2532} thou again, why dost thou set at nought thy brother? for we shall all stand before the judgment-seat of God. 11 For it is written, As I live, saith the Lord, to me every knee shall bow, And every tongue shall confess to God. 12 So then each one of us shall give account of himself to God.
• Rev 11:18 : 18 And the nations were wroth, and thy wrath came, and the time of the dead to be judged, and [the time] to give their reward to thy servants the prophets, and to the saints, and to them that fear thy name, the small and the great; and to destroy them that destroy the earth.
• 1 Cor 15:21-23 : 21 For since by man [came] death, by man [came] also the resurrection of the dead. 22 For as in Adam all die, so also in Christ shall all be made alive. 23 But each in his own order: Christ the firstfruits; then they that are Christ's, at his coming.
• Rev 20:13 : 13 And the sea gave up the dead that were in it; and death and Hades gave up the dead that were in them: and they were judged every man according to their works.
• Rev 22:12 : 12 {G2532} Behold, I come quickly; and my reward is with me, to render to each man according as his work is.
• Phil 4:3 : 3 Yea, I beseech thee also, true yokefellow, help these women, for they labored with me in the gospel, with Clement also, and the rest of my fellow-workers, whose names are in the book of life.
• 1 Thess 4:15-17 : 15 For this we say unto you by the word of the Lord, that we that are alive, that are left unto the coming of the Lord, shall in no wise precede them that are fallen asleep. 16 For the Lord himself shall descend from heaven, with a shout, with the voice of the archangel, and with the trump of God: and the dead in Christ shall rise first; 17 then we that are alive, that are left, shall together with them be caught up in the clouds, to meet the Lord in the air: and so shall we ever be with the Lord.
• Rom 2:6 : 6 who will render to every man according to his works:
• Luke 10:20 : 20 Nevertheless in this rejoice not, that the spirits are subject unto you; but {G3123} rejoice that your names are written in heaven.
• Jer 32:19 : 19 great in counsel, and mighty in work; whose eyes are open upon all the ways of the sons of men, to give every one according to his ways, and according to the fruit of his doings:
• Ps 28:4 : 4 Give them according to their work, and according to the wickedness of their doings: Give them after the operation of their hands; Render to them their desert.
• Ps 62:12 : 12 Also unto thee, O Lord, belongeth lovingkindness; For thou renderest to every man according to his work.
• Dan 12:1-2 : 1 And at that time shall Michael stand up, the great prince who standeth for the children of thy people; and there shall be a time of trouble, such as never was since there was a nation even to that same time: and at that time thy people shall be delivered, every one that shall be found written in the book. 2 And many of them that sleep in the dust of the earth shall awake, some to everlasting life, and some to shame and everlasting contempt.
• John 5:28-29 : 28 Marvel not at this: for the hour cometh, in which all that are in the tombs shall hear his voice, 29 and shall come forth; they that have done good, unto the resurrection of life; and they that have done evil, unto the resurrection of judgment.
• Acts 24:15 : 15 having hope toward God, which these also themselves look for, that there shall be a resurrection {G3498} both of the just and unjust.
• Rev 13:8 : 8 And all that dwell on the earth shall worship him, [every one] whose name hath not been written from the foundation of the world in the book of life of the Lamb that hath been slain.
• Rev 20:11 : 11 And I saw a great white throne, and him that sat upon it, from whose face the earth and the heaven fled away; and there was found no place for them.
• Rev 21:27 : 27 and there shall in no wise enter into it anything unclean, or he that maketh an abomination and a lie: but only they that are written in the Lamb's book of life.
• Rev 19:5 : 5 And a voice came forth from the throne, saying, Give praise to our God, all ye his servants, {G2532} ye that fear him, the small and the great.
• 1 Cor 4:5 : 5 Wherefore judge {G5100} nothing before {G302} the time, until the Lord come, who will both bring to light the hidden things of darkness, and make manifest the counsels of the hearts; and then shall each man have his praise from God.
• John 11:25-26 : 25 Jesus said unto her, I am the resurrection, and the life: he that believeth on me, though he die, yet shall he live; 26 and whosoever liveth and believeth on me shall never die. Believest thou this?
• Ps 69:28 : 28 Let them be blotted out of the book of life, And not be written with the righteous.
• Prov 24:12 : 12 If thou sayest, Behold, we knew not this; Doth not he that weigheth the hearts consider it? And he that keepeth thy soul, doth not he know it? And shall not he render to every man according to his work?
• Prov 24:29 : 29 Say not, I will do so to him as he hath done to me; I will render to the man according to his work.
• Rev 17:8 : 8 The beast that thou sawest was, and is not; and is about to come up out of the abyss, and to go into perdition. And they that dwell on the earth shall wonder, [they] whose name hath not been written in the book of life from the foundation of the world, when they behold the beast, how that he was, and is not, and shall come.