1 Chronicles 11:15

Bible in Basic English (1941)

And three of the thirty went down to David, to the rock, into the strong place of Adullam; and the army of the Philistines had taken up their position in the valley of Rephaim.

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

וַיֵּרְד֡וּ שְֽׁלוֹשָׁה֩ מִן־הַשְּׁלוֹשִׁ֨ים רֹ֤אשׁ עַל־הַצֻּר֙ אֶל־דָּוִ֔יד אֶל־מְעָרַ֖ת עֲדֻלָּ֑ם וּמַחֲנֵ֣ה פְלִשְׁתִּ֔ים חֹנָ֖ה בְּעֵ֥מֶק רְפָאִֽים

Transliteration

And-wayyērᵊḏû šᵊlôšāh from-haššᵊlôšîm rō'š to-haṣṣur unto-Dāwîd, unto-mᵊʿāraṯ ʿĂḏullām; and-maḥănēh pᵊlištîm ḥōnāh in-ʿēmeq Rᵊp̄ā'îm

Grammar Details

• *wayyērᵊḏû*: Qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd person masculine plural - and they went down
• *šᵊlôšāh*: number, masculine - three
• *haššᵊlôšîm*: article + number, masculine - the thirty
• *rō'š*: noun masculine singular - head/chief
• *haṣṣur*: article + noun masculine singular - the rock
• *mᵊʿāraṯ*: noun feminine singular construct - cave of
• *ʿĂḏullām*: proper noun - Adullam
• *maḥănēh*: noun masculine singular construct - camp of
• *pᵊlištîm*: gentilic adjective, masculine plural - Philistines
• *ḥōnāh*: Qal participle feminine singular - camping/encamped
• *ʿēmeq*: noun masculine singular construct - valley of
• *Rᵊp̄ā'îm*: proper noun, masculine plural - Rephaim

Word Meanings

• *wayyērᵊḏû*: and they went down/descended/came down
• *haššᵊlôšîm*: the thirty/thirty heroes/thirty officers
• *rō'š*: head/chief/leader
• *haṣṣur*: the rock/cliff/stronghold
• *mᵊʿāraṯ*: cave of/cavern of
• *maḥănēh*: camp of/army of/host of
• *ḥōnāh*: camping/encamped/settled
• *ʿēmeq*: valley of/plain of/lowland of

Referenced Verses

• 1 Chr 14:9 : 9 Now the Philistines had come, and had gone out in every direction in the valley of Rephaim.
• Isa 17:5 : 5 And it will be like a man cutting the growth of his grain, pulling together the heads of the grain with his arm; even as when they get in the grain in the valley of Rephaim.
• Mic 1:15 : 15 Even now will the taker of your heritage come to you, you who are living in Mareshah: the glory of Israel will come to destruction for ever.
• Josh 12:15 : 15 The king of Libnah, one; the king of Adullam, one;
• Josh 15:8 : 8 Then the line goes up by the valley of the son of Hinnom to the south side of the Jebusite (which is Jerusalem): then up to the top of the mountain in front of the valley of Hinnom to the west, which is at the farthest point of the valley of Rephaim on the north:
• 1 Sam 22:1 : 1 So David went away from there and took cover in a strong place at Adullam; and his brothers and all his father's people, hearing of it, went down to him there.
• 2 Sam 5:18 : 18 And when the Philistines came, they went in every direction in the valley of Rephaim.
• 2 Sam 5:22 : 22 And the Philistines came up again, and went in every direction in the valley of Rephaim.
• 2 Sam 23:13-39 : 13 And three of the thirty went down at the start of the grain-cutting, and they came to David at the strong place of Adullam; and the band of Philistines had taken up their position in the valley of Rephaim. 14 And at that time David had taken cover in the strong place, and an armed force of the Philistines was in Beth-lehem. 15 And David, moved by a strong desire, said, If only someone would give me a drink of water from the water-hole of Beth-lehem, by the doorway into the town! 16 And the three men, forcing their way through the Philistine army, got water from the water-hole of Beth-lehem, by the doorway into the town, and took it back to David: but he would not take it, but, draining it out, made an offering of it to the Lord. 17 And he said, Far be it from me, O Lord, to do this; how may I take as my drink the life-blood of men who have put their lives in danger? So he would not take it. These things did the three great men of war. 18 And Abishai, the brother of Joab, the son of Zeruiah, was chief of the thirty. He put to death three hundred with his spear, and he got for himself a name among the thirty. 19 Was he not the noblest of the thirty? so he was made their captain: but he was not equal to the first three. 20 And Benaiah the son of Jehoiada, a fighting man of Kabzeel, had done great acts; he put to death the two sons of Ariel of Moab: he went down into a hole and put a lion to death in time of snow: 21 And he made an attack on an Egyptian, a tall man: and the Egyptian had a spear in his hand; but he went down to him with a stick, and pulling the spear out of the hands of the Egyptian, put him to death with that same spear. 22 These were the acts of Benaiah, the son of Jehoiada, who had a great name among the thirty men of war. 23 He was honoured over the rest of the thirty, but he was not equal to the first three. And David put him over the fighting men who kept him safe. 24 Asahel, the brother of Joab, was one of the thirty; and Elhanan, the son of Dodai, of Beth-lehem, 25 Shammah the Harodite, Elika the Harodite, 26 Helez the Paltite, Ira, the son of Ikkesh the Tekoite, 27 Abiezer the Anathothite, Sibbecai the Hushathite, 28 Zalmon the Ahohite, Maharai the Netophathite, 29 Heldai, the son of Baanah the Netophathite, Ittai, the son of Ribai of Gibeah of the children of Benjamin, 30 Benaiah the Pirathonite, Hiddai of the valleys of Gaash, 31 Abiel the Arbathite, Azmaveth of Bahurim, 32 Eliahba the Shaalbonite, Jashen the Gunite, 33 Jonathan, the son of Shammah the Hararite, Ahiam, the son of Sharar the Hararite, 34 Eliphelet, the son of Ahasbai the Maacathite, Eliam, the son of Ahithophel the Gilonite, 35 Hezrai the Carmelite, Paarai the Archite, 36 Igal, the son of Nathan of Zobah, Bani the Gadite, 37 Zelek the Ammonite, Naharai the Beerothite, who had the care of the arms of Joab, son of Zeruiah, 38 Ira the Ithrite, Gareb the Ithrite, 39 Uriah the Hittite: thirty-seven in number.