Leviticus 10:1

Bible in Basic English (1941)

And Nadab and Abihu, the sons of Aaron, took their vessels and put fire in them and perfume, burning strange fire before the Lord, which he had not given them orders to do.

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

וַיִּקְח֣וּ בְנֵֽי־אַ֠הֲרֹן נָדָ֨ב וַאֲבִיה֜וּא אִ֣ישׁ מַחְתָּת֗וֹ וַיִתְּנ֤וּ בָהֵן֙ אֵ֔שׁ וַיָּשִׂ֥ימוּ עָלֶ֖יהָ קְטֹ֑רֶת וַיַּקְרִ֜בוּ לִפְנֵ֤י יְהוָה֙ אֵ֣שׁ זָרָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֧ר לֹ֦א צִוָּ֖ה אֹתָֽם

Transliteration

And wə-yiqqəḥû bənê-ʾahărōn nāḏāḇ and-ʾăḇîhûʾ ʾîš maḥtātô and-wə-yittənû in-them ʾēš and-wə-yāśîmû upon-it qəṭōreṯ and-wə-yaqqriḇû before YHWH ʾēš zārâ which not ṣiwwâ them

Grammar Details

• *wə-yiqqəḥû*: waw-consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they took
• *bənê*: construct state, masculine plural - sons of
• *ʾahărōn*: proper noun, masculine singular - Aaron
• *nāḏāḇ*: proper noun, masculine singular - Nadab
• *ʾăḇîhûʾ*: proper noun, masculine singular - Abihu
• *ʾîš*: noun, masculine singular, absolute - each man
• *maḥtātô*: noun, feminine singular with 3rd masculine singular possessive suffix - his censer
• *wə-yittənû*: waw-consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they put
• *ʾēš*: noun, feminine singular, absolute - fire
• *wə-yāśîmû*: waw-consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they placed
• *qəṭōreṯ*: noun, feminine singular, absolute - incense
• *wə-yaqqriḇû*: waw-consecutive + Hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they offered/brought near
• *YHWH*: proper noun - the LORD
• *zārâ*: adjective, feminine singular - strange/unauthorized
• *ṣiwwâ*: Piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he commanded

Word Meanings

• *ʾîš*: each/man/each man
• *maḥtātô*: his censer/fire-pan
• *ʾēš*: fire/flame
• *qəṭōreṯ*: incense/smoke offering
• *zārâ*: strange/foreign/unauthorized/profane

Referenced Verses

• Lev 16:12 : 12 And he is to take a vessel full of burning coal from the altar before the Lord and in his hand some sweet perfume crushed small, and take it inside the veil;
• Num 26:61 : 61 Death overtook Nadab and Abihu when they made an offering of strange fire before the Lord.
• Exod 24:1 : 1 And he said to Moses, Come up to the Lord, you and Aaron, and Nadab and Abihu and seventy of the chiefs of Israel; and give me worship from a distance.
• Num 16:46 : 46 And Moses said to Aaron, Take your vessel and put in it fire from the altar, and sweet spices, and take it quickly into the meeting of the people, and make them free from sin: for wrath has gone out from the Lord, and the disease is starting.
• Exod 24:9 : 9 Then Moses and Aaron, Nadab, and Abihu, and seventy of the chiefs of Israel went up:
• Exod 6:23 : 23 And Aaron took as his wife Elisheba, the daughter of Amminadab, the sister of Nahshon; and she gave birth to Nadab and Abihu, Eleazar and Ithamar.
• Lev 16:1 : 1 And the Lord said to Moses, after the death of the two sons of Aaron when they took in strange fire before the Lord and death overtook them;
• Exod 28:1 : 1 Now let Aaron your brother, and his sons with him, come near from among the children of Israel, so that they may be my priests, even Aaron, and Nadab, Abihu, Eleazar, and Ithamar, his sons.
• Exod 30:1-9 : 1 And you are to make an altar for the burning of perfume; of hard wood let it be made. 2 The altar is to be square, a cubit long and a cubit wide, and two cubits high, and its horns are to be made of the same. 3 It is to be plated with the best gold, the top of it and the sides and the horns, with an edging of gold all round it. 4 Under the edge on the two opposite sides, you are to make two gold rings, to take the rods for lifting it. 5 And make these rods of the same wood, plating them with gold. 6 And let it be placed in front of the veil before the ark of the law, before the cover which is over the law, where I will come face to face with you. 7 And on this altar sweet spices are to be burned by Aaron every morning when he sees to the lights. 8 And every evening, when he puts the lights up in their places, the spices are to be burned, a sweet-smelling smoke going up before the Lord from generation to generation for ever. 9 No strange perfume, no burned offering or meal offering, and no drink offering is to be offered on it.
• Exod 30:34-36 : 34 And the Lord said to Moses, Take sweet spices, stacte and onycha and galbanum, with the best frankincense, in equal weights; 35 And make from them a perfume, such as is made by the art of the perfume-maker, mixed with salt, and clean and holy. 36 And put some of it, crushed very small, in front of the ark in the Tent of meeting, where I will come face to face with you; it is to be most holy.
• Exod 31:11 : 11 And the holy oil, and the perfume of sweet spices for the holy place; they will do whatever I have given you orders to have done.
• Exod 37:29 : 29 And he made the holy oil and the perfume of sweet spices for burning, after the art of the perfume-maker.
• Exod 38:3 : 3 And brass was used for all the vessels of the altar, the baskets and the spades, the basins and the meat-hooks and the fire-trays; all the vessels he made of brass
• Exod 40:27 : 27 Burning sweet perfumes on it, as the Lord had given him orders.
• Lev 9:24 : 24 And fire came out from before the Lord, burning up the offering on the altar and the fat: and when all the people saw it, they gave a loud cry, falling down on their faces.
• Exod 27:3 : 3 And make all its vessels, the baskets for taking away the dust of the fire, the spades and basins and meat-hooks and fire-trays, of brass.
• Lev 22:9 : 9 So then, let them keep what I have put into their care, for fear that sin may come on them because of it, so causing their death because they have made it common: I am the Lord, who make them holy.
• Num 3:2-4 : 2 These are the names of the sons of Aaron: Nadab the oldest, and Abihu, Eleazar, and Ithamar. 3 These are the names of the sons of Aaron, the priests, on whom the holy oil was put, who were marked out as priests. 4 And Nadab and Abihu were put to death before the Lord when they made an offering of strange fire before the Lord, in the waste land of Sinai, and they had no children: and Eleazar and Ithamar did the work of priests before Aaron their father.
• Num 16:6-7 : 6 So do this: let Korah and all his band take vessels for burning perfumes; 7 And put spices on the fire in them before the Lord tomorrow; then the man marked out by the Lord will be holy: you take overmuch on yourselves, you sons of Levi.
• Num 16:16-18 : 16 And Moses said to Korah, You and all your band are to come before the Lord tomorrow, you and they and Aaron: 17 And let every man take a vessel for burning perfumes, and put sweet spices in them; let every man take his vessel before the Lord, two hundred and fifty vessels; you and Aaron and everyone with his vessel. 18 So every man took his vessel and they put fire in them, with spices, and came to the door of the Tent of meeting with Moses and Aaron.
• Deut 4:2 : 2 Make no addition to the orders which I give you, and take nothing from them, but keep the orders of the Lord your God which I give you.
• Deut 12:32 : 32 You are to keep with care all the words I give you, making no addition to them and taking nothing from them.
• Deut 17:3 : 3 By becoming a servant of other gods and worshipping them or the sun or the moon or all the stars of heaven, against my orders;
• 1 Kgs 13:1-2 : 1 Then a man of God came from Judah by the order of the Lord to Beth-el, where Jeroboam was by the altar, burning offerings. 2 And by the order of the Lord he made an outcry against the altar, saying, O altar, altar, the Lord has said, From the seed of David will come a child, named Josiah, and on you he will put to death the priests of the high places, who are burning offerings on you, and men's bones will be burned on you.
• 2 Chr 26:16-20 : 16 But when he had become strong, his heart was lifted up in pride, causing his destruction; and he did evil against the Lord his God; for he went into the Temple of the Lord for the purpose of burning perfumes on the altar of perfumes. 17 And Azariah the priest went in after him, with eighty of the Lord's priests, who were strong men; 18 And they made protests to Uzziah the king, and said to him, The burning of perfumes, Uzziah, is not your business but that of the priests, the sons of Aaron, who have been made holy for this work: go out of the holy place, for you have done wrong, and it will not be to your honour before God. 19 Then Uzziah was angry; and he had in his hand a vessel for burning perfume; and while his wrath was bitter against the priests, the mark of the leper's disease came out on his brow, before the eyes of the priests in the house of the Lord by the altar of perfumes. 20 And Azariah, the chief priest, and all the priests, looking at him, saw the mark of the leper on his brow, and they sent him out quickly and he himself went out straight away, for the Lord's punishment had come on him.
• Ps 141:2 : 2 Let my prayer be ordered before you like a sweet smell; and let the lifting up of my hands be like the evening offering.
• Jer 7:31 : 31 And they have put up the high place of Topheth in the valley of the son of Hinnom, burning their sons and their daughters there in the fire; a thing which was not ordered by me and never came into my mind.
• Jer 19:5 : 5 And they have put up the high places of the Baal, burning their sons in the fire; a thing which was not ordered by me, and it was never in my mind:
• Jer 32:35 : 35 And they put up the high places of the Baal in the valley of the son of Hinnom, making their sons and their daughters go through the fire to Molech; which I did not give them orders to do, and it never came into my mind that they would do this disgusting thing, causing Judah to be turned out of the way.
• Jer 44:8 : 8 Moving me to wrath with the work of your hands, burning perfumes to other gods in the land of Egypt, where you have gone to make a place for yourselves, so that you may become a curse and a name of shame among all the nations of the earth?
• Jer 44:15 : 15 Then all the men who had knowledge that their wives were burning perfumes to other gods, and all the women who were present, a great meeting, answering Jeremiah, said,
• Jer 44:19-21 : 19 And the women said, When we were burning perfumes to the queen of heaven and draining out drink offerings to her, did we make cakes in her image and give her our drink offerings without the knowledge of our husbands? 20 Then Jeremiah said to all the people, to the men and women and all the people who had given him that answer, 21 The perfumes which you have been burning in the towns of Judah and in the streets of Jerusalem, you and your fathers and your kings and your rulers and the people of the land, had the Lord no memory of them, and did he not keep them in mind?
• Luke 1:9-9 : 9 And as was the way of the priests, he had to go into the Temple to see to the burning of perfumes. 10 And all the people were offering prayers outside, at the time of the burning of perfumes. 11 And he saw an angel of the Lord in his place on the right side of the altar.
• Heb 9:4 : 4 Having a vessel of gold in it for burning perfumes, and the ark of the agreement, which was covered with gold and which had in it a pot made of gold for the manna, and Aaron's rod which put out buds, and the stones with the writing of the agreement;
• Rev 8:3-5 : 3 And another angel came and took his place at the altar, having a gold vessel for burning perfume; and there was given to him much perfume, so that he might put it with the prayers of all the saints on the gold altar which was before the high seat. 4 And the smoke of the perfume, with the prayers of the saints, went up before God out of the angel's hand. 5 And the angel took the vessel; and he made it full of the fire of the altar, and sent it down on the earth: and there came thunders and voices and flames and a shaking of the earth.