Leviticus 5:21

Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

If someone sins and is unfaithful to the LORD by deceiving their neighbor about something entrusted to them or left in their care, or stolen, or if they cheat their neighbor,

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

נֶ֚פֶשׁ כִּ֣י תֶחֱטָ֔א וּמָעֲלָ֥ה מַ֖עַל בַּיהוָ֑ה וְכִחֵ֨שׁ בַּעֲמִית֜וֹ בְּפִקָּד֗וֹן אֽוֹ־בִתְשׂ֤וּמֶת יָד֙ א֣וֹ בְגָזֵ֔ל א֖וֹ עָשַׁ֥ק אֶת־עֲמִיתֽוֹ׃

Transliteration

Nefesh when teḥĕṭāʾ and-māʿălâ maʿal against-YHWH and-kiḥēš against-ʿămîṯô in-piqqāḏôn or-in-ṯĕśûmeṯ yāḏ or in-gāzēl or ʿāšaq ʾeṯ-ʿămîṯô

Grammar Details

• *nefesh*: noun, feminine, singular - soul/person
• *teḥĕṭāʾ*: verb, qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - she sins
• *māʿălâ*: verb, qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - she commits treachery
• *maʿal*: noun, masculine, singular - treachery/trespass
• *YHWH*: proper noun - divine name
• *kiḥēš*: verb, piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he denies/acts deceptively
• *ʿămîṯô*: noun, masculine, singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his neighbor
• *piqqāḏôn*: noun, masculine, singular - deposit/entrustment
• *ṯĕśûmeṯ*: noun, feminine, singular construct - deposit/pledge of
• *yāḏ*: noun, feminine, singular - hand
• *gāzēl*: noun, masculine, singular - robbery/something seized
• *ʿāšaq*: verb, qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he oppressed/defrauded

Word Meanings

• *nefesh*: soul/person/being/life
• *teḥĕṭāʾ*: sins/transgresses/errs
• *māʿălâ*: commits treachery/acts unfaithfully
• *maʿal*: treachery/trespass/unfaithfulness
• *kiḥēš*: denies/lies/deceives
• *ʿămîṯô*: his neighbor/fellow/companion
• *piqqāḏôn*: deposit/something entrusted
• *ṯĕśûmeṯ* *yāḏ*: pledge/security/handshake deal
• *gāzēl*: robbery/something stolen/theft
• *ʿāšaq*: defrauds/oppresses/extorts

Other Translations

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  If anyone does wrong, and is untrue to the Lord, acting falsely to his neighbour in connection with something put in his care, or something given for a debt, or has taken away anything by force, or has been cruel to his neighbour,