1 Kings 21:9

biblecontext

{ "verseID": "1 Kings.21.9", "source": "וַתִּכְתֹּ֥ב בַּסְּפָרִ֖ים לֵאמֹ֑ר קִֽרְאוּ־צ֔וֹם וְהוֹשִׁ֥יבוּ אֶת־נָב֖וֹת בְּרֹ֥אשׁ הָעָֽם׃", "text": "*wa-tiktōb* in-the-*səpārîm* *lēʾmōr*, *qirʾû-ṣôm* and-*hôšîbû* *ʾet*-*nābôt* in-*rōʾš* the-*ʿām*.", "grammar": { "*wa-tiktōb*": "conjunction + imperfect, 3rd singular feminine, Qal - and she wrote", "*səpārîm*": "noun, masculine plural - letters/documents", "*lēʾmōr*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - saying", "*qirʾû-ṣôm*": "imperative, 2nd plural masculine, Qal + noun - call/proclaim a fast", "*hôšîbû*": "imperative, 2nd plural masculine, Hiphil - cause to sit/seat", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*nābôt*": "proper name, masculine - Naboth", "*rōʾš*": "noun, masculine singular construct - head of", "*ʿām*": "noun, masculine singular - people" }, "variants": { "*qirʾû-ṣôm*": "proclaim a fast/call a fast", "*hôšîbû*": "seat/set/place", "*rōʾš*": "head/top/chief place" } }

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

וַתִּכְתֹּ֥ב בַּסְּפָרִ֖ים לֵאמֹ֑ר קִֽרְאוּ־צ֔וֹם וְהוֹשִׁ֥יבוּ אֶת־נָב֖וֹת בְּרֹ֥אשׁ הָעָֽם׃

Transliteration

wa-tiktōb in-the-səpārîm lēʾmōr, qirʾû-ṣôm and-hôšîbû ʾet-nābôt in-rōʾš the-ʿām.

Grammar Details

• *wa-tiktōb*: conjunction + imperfect, 3rd singular feminine, Qal - and she wrote
• *səpārîm*: noun, masculine plural - letters/documents
• *lēʾmōr*: preposition + Qal infinitive construct - saying
• *qirʾû-ṣôm*: imperative, 2nd plural masculine, Qal + noun - call/proclaim a fast
• *hôšîbû*: imperative, 2nd plural masculine, Hiphil - cause to sit/seat
• *ʾet*: direct object marker
• *nābôt*: proper name, masculine - Naboth
• *rōʾš*: noun, masculine singular construct - head of
• *ʿām*: noun, masculine singular - people

Word Meanings

• *qirʾû-ṣôm*: proclaim a fast/call a fast
• *hôšîbû*: seat/set/place
• *rōʾš*: head/top/chief place

Other Translations

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  In those letters she wrote, 'Proclaim a fast and seat Naboth in a prominent place among the people.'

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  And she wrote in the letters, saying, Proclaim a fast, and set Naboth on high among the people:

• KJV1611 – Modern English

  And she wrote in the letters, saying, Proclaim a fast, and set Naboth on high among the people:

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  And she wrote in the letters, saying, Proclaim a fast, and set Naboth on high among the people:

• American Standard Version with Strong's Numbers

  And she wrote in the letters, saying, Proclaim a fast, and set Naboth on high among the people:

• King James Version with Strong's Numbers

  And she wrote in the letters, saying, Proclaim a fast, and set Naboth on high among the people:

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  and wrote thus in ye letter: Proclame a fast, and set Naboth aboue in the people,

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  And shee wrote in the letters, saying, Proclaime a fast, and set Naboth among the chiefe of the people,

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  And she wrote in the letter, saying: Proclayme a fast, and set Naboth on hye among the people:

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  And she wrote in the letters, saying, Proclaim a fast, and set Naboth on high among the people:

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  She wrote in the letters, saying, Proclaim a fast, and set Naboth on high among the people:

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  and she writeth in the letters, saying, `Proclaim a fast, and cause Naboth to sit at the head of the people,

• American Standard Version (1901)

  And she wrote in the letters, saying, Proclaim a fast, and set Naboth on high among the people:

• American Standard Version (1901)

  And she wrote in the letters, saying, Proclaim a fast, and set Naboth on high among the people:

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  And in the letter she said, Let a time of public sorrow be fixed, and put Naboth at the head of the people;

• World English Bible (2000)

  She wrote in the letters, saying, "Proclaim a fast, and set Naboth on high among the people.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  This is what she wrote:“Observe a time of fasting and seat Naboth in front of the people.

Referenced Verses

• Gen 34:13-17 : 13 { "verseID": "Genesis.34.13", "source": "וַיַּעֲנ֨וּ בְנֵֽי־יַעֲקֹ֜ב אֶת־שְׁכֶ֨ם וְאֶת־חֲמ֥וֹר אָבִ֛יו בְּמִרְמָ֖ה וַיְדַבֵּ֑רוּ אֲשֶׁ֣ר טִמֵּ֔א אֵ֖ת דִּינָ֥ה אֲחֹתָֽם׃", "text": "*wayyaʿănû* *bǝnê*-*Yaʿăqōb* *ʾet*-*Škem* *wǝʾet*-*Ḥămôr* *ʾābîw* *bǝmirmāh* *wayǝdabbērû* *ʾăšer* *ṭimmēʾ* *ʾēt* *Dînāh* *ʾăḥōtām*", "grammar": { "*wayyaʿănû*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they answered", "*bǝnê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons of", "*Yaʿăqōb*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Jacob", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*Škem*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Shechem", "*wǝʾet*": "waw-conjunction + direct object marker", "*Ḥămôr*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Hamor", "*ʾābîw*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his father", "*bǝmirmāh*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular - with deceit", "*wayǝdabbērû*": "waw-consecutive + piel imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they spoke", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - because", "*ṭimmēʾ*": "piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he had defiled", "*ʾēt*": "direct object marker", "*Dînāh*": "proper noun, feminine singular - Dinah", "*ʾăḥōtām*": "noun, feminine singular construct + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their sister" }, "variants": { "*bǝmirmāh*": "with deceit/deceptively/with guile", "*ṭimmēʾ*": "had defiled/violated/dishonored" } } 14 { "verseID": "Genesis.34.14", "source": "וַיֹּאמְר֣וּ אֲלֵיהֶ֗ם לֹ֤א נוּכַל֙ לַעֲשׂוֹת֙ הַדָּבָ֣ר הַזֶּ֔ה לָתֵת֙ אֶת־אֲחֹתֵ֔נוּ לְאִ֖ישׁ אֲשֶׁר־ל֣וֹ עָרְלָ֑ה כִּֽי־חֶרְפָּ֥ה הִ֖וא לָֽנוּ׃", "text": "*wayyōʾmǝrû* *ʾălêhem* *lōʾ* *nûkal* *laʿăśôt* *haddābār* *hazzeh* *lātēt* *ʾet*-*ʾăḥōtēnû* *lǝʾîš* *ʾăšer*-*lô* *ʿārlāh* *kî*-*ḥerpāh* *hîʾ* *lānû*", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmǝrû*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they said", "*ʾălêhem*": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix - to them", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*nûkal*": "qal imperfect, 1st person plural - we are able", "*laʿăśôt*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to do", "*haddābār*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the thing", "*hazzeh*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular - this", "*lātēt*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to give", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ʾăḥōtēnû*": "noun, feminine singular construct + 1st person plural suffix - our sister", "*lǝʾîš*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - to a man", "*ʾăšer*-*lô*": "relative pronoun + preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - who has", "*ʿārlāh*": "noun, feminine singular - foreskin", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*ḥerpāh*": "noun, feminine singular - reproach/disgrace", "*hîʾ*": "personal pronoun, 3rd feminine singular - it", "*lānû*": "preposition + 1st person plural suffix - to us" }, "variants": { "*nûkal*": "we are able/can/could", "*ʿārlāh*": "foreskin/uncircumcision", "*ḥerpāh*": "reproach/disgrace/shame/insult" } } 15 { "verseID": "Genesis.34.15", "source": "אַךְ־בְּזֹ֖את נֵא֣וֹת לָכֶ֑ם אִ֚ם תִּהְי֣וּ כָמֹ֔נוּ לְהִמֹּ֥ל לָכֶ֖ם כָּל־זָכָֽר׃", "text": "*ʾak*-*bǝzōʾt* *nēʾôt* *lākem* *ʾim* *tihyû* *kāmōnû* *lǝhimmōl* *lākem* *kāl*-*zākār*", "grammar": { "*ʾak*": "restrictive particle - only/however/but", "*bǝzōʾt*": "preposition + demonstrative pronoun, feminine singular - in this", "*nēʾôt*": "niphal imperfect, 1st person plural - we will consent", "*lākem*": "preposition + 2nd masculine plural suffix - to you", "*ʾim*": "conditional particle - if", "*tihyû*": "qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you will be", "*kāmōnû*": "preposition + 1st person plural suffix - like us", "*lǝhimmōl*": "preposition + niphal infinitive construct - to be circumcised", "*lākem*": "preposition + 2nd masculine plural suffix - for you", "*kāl*": "noun, masculine singular construct - every", "*zākār*": "noun, masculine singular - male" }, "variants": { "*ʾak*": "only/however/nevertheless/but", "*nēʾôt*": "we will consent/agree/be willing" } } 16 { "verseID": "Genesis.34.16", "source": "וְנָתַ֤נּוּ אֶת־בְּנֹתֵ֙ינוּ֙ לָכֶ֔ם וְאֶת־בְּנֹתֵיכֶ֖ם נִֽקַּֽח־לָ֑נוּ וְיָשַׁ֣בְנוּ אִתְּכֶ֔ם וְהָיִ֖ינוּ לְעַ֥ם אֶחָֽד׃", "text": "*wǝnātannû* *ʾet*-*bǝnōtênû* *lākem* *wǝʾet*-*bǝnōtêkem* *niqqaḥ*-*lānû* *wǝyāšabnû* *ʾittǝkem* *wǝhāyînû* *lǝʿam* *ʾeḥād*", "grammar": { "*wǝnātannû*": "waw-conjunction + qal perfect, 1st person plural - and we will give", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*bǝnōtênû*": "noun, feminine plural construct + 1st person plural suffix - our daughters", "*lākem*": "preposition + 2nd masculine plural suffix - to you", "*wǝʾet*": "waw-conjunction + direct object marker", "*bǝnōtêkem*": "noun, feminine plural construct + 2nd masculine plural suffix - your daughters", "*niqqaḥ*": "qal imperfect, 1st person plural - we will take", "*lānû*": "preposition + 1st person plural suffix - for us", "*wǝyāšabnû*": "waw-conjunction + qal perfect, 1st person plural - and we will dwell", "*ʾittǝkem*": "preposition + 2nd masculine plural suffix - with you", "*wǝhāyînû*": "waw-conjunction + qal perfect, 1st person plural - and we will become", "*lǝʿam*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - for a people", "*ʾeḥād*": "adjective, masculine singular - one" }, "variants": { "*wǝyāšabnû*": "and we will dwell/live/settle", "*wǝhāyînû* *lǝʿam* *ʾeḥād*": "and we will become one people/and we will be unified as a single community" } } 17 { "verseID": "Genesis.34.17", "source": "וְאִם־לֹ֧א תִשְׁמְע֛וּ אֵלֵ֖ינוּ לְהִמּ֑וֹל וְלָקַ֥חְנוּ אֶת־בִּתֵּ֖נוּ וְהָלָֽכְנוּ׃", "text": "*wǝʾim*-*lōʾ* *tišmǝʿû* *ʾēlênû* *lǝhimmôl* *wǝlāqaḥnû* *ʾet*-*bittēnû* *wǝhālāknû*", "grammar": { "*wǝʾim*": "waw-conjunction + conditional particle - and if", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*tišmǝʿû*": "qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you will listen", "*ʾēlênû*": "preposition + 1st person plural suffix - to us", "*lǝhimmôl*": "preposition + niphal infinitive construct - to be circumcised", "*wǝlāqaḥnû*": "waw-conjunction + qal perfect, 1st person plural - then we will take", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*bittēnû*": "noun, feminine singular construct + 1st person plural suffix - our daughter", "*wǝhālāknû*": "waw-conjunction + qal perfect, 1st person plural - and we will go" }, "variants": { "*tišmǝʿû*": "you will listen/obey/heed", "*wǝlāqaḥnû*": "then we will take/get/fetch", "*wǝhālāknû*": "and we will go/depart/leave" } }
• Isa 58:4 : 4 { "verseID": "Isaiah.58.4", "source": "הֵ֣ן לְרִ֤יב וּמַצָּה֙ תָּצ֔וּמוּ וּלְהַכּ֖וֹת בְּאֶגְרֹ֣ף רֶ֑שַׁע לֹא־תָצ֣וּמוּ כַיּ֔וֹם לְהַשְׁמִ֥יעַ בַּמָּר֖וֹם קוֹלְכֶֽם׃", "text": "*hēn* for-*rîb* *û*-*maṣṣāh* *tāṣûmû* *û*-for-*hakkôt* with-*ʾegrōp* *rešaʿ* not-*tāṣûmû* like-*day* for-*hašmîaʿ* in-*mārôm* *qôləkem*", "grammar": { "*hēn*": "demonstrative particle - behold/look", "*lə*-*rîb*": "preposition with noun - for strife/contention", "*û*-*maṣṣāh*": "conjunction with noun - and quarrel/contention", "*tāṣûmû*": "imperfect 2nd person masculine plural - you fast", "*û*-*lə*-*hakkôt*": "conjunction with preposition with infinitive construct - and to strike", "*bə*-*ʾegrōp*": "preposition with noun - with fist", "*rešaʿ*": "noun - wickedness", "*lōʾ*-*tāṣûmû*": "negative particle with imperfect 2nd person masculine plural - you do not fast", "*kə*-*yôm*": "preposition with noun - like day/today", "*lə*-*hašmîaʿ*": "preposition with infinitive construct - to cause to hear", "*ba*-*mārôm*": "preposition with noun - in the height", "*qôləkem*": "noun with 2nd person masculine plural possessive suffix - your voice" }, "variants": { "*hēn*": "behold/look/indeed", "*rîb*": "strife/contention/dispute/quarrel", "*maṣṣāh*": "quarrel/contention/strife", "*tāṣûmû*": "you fast/you abstain from food", "*hakkôt*": "to strike/to smite/to hit", "*ʾegrōp*": "fist/clenched hand", "*rešaʿ*": "wickedness/evil/injustice", "*yôm*": "day/today/this day", "*hašmîaʿ*": "to cause to hear/to proclaim/to make heard", "*mārôm*": "height/high place/heaven", "*qôləkem*": "your voice/your sound" } }
• Matt 2:8 : 8 { "verseID": "Matthew.2.8", "source": "Καὶ πέμψας αὐτοὺς εἰς Βηθλεὲμ, εἶπεν, Πορευθέντες ἀκριβῶς ἐξετάσατε περὶ τοῦ παιδίου· ἐπὰν δὲ εὕρητε, ἀπαγγείλατέ μοι, ὅπως κἀγὼ ἐλθὼν προσκυνήσω αὐτῷ.", "text": "And *pempsas* them to *Bēthleem*, *eipen*, *Poreuthentes akribōs exetasate peri* the *paidiou*; *epan de heurēte*, *apangeilate moi*, *hopōs kagō elthōn proskynēsō autō*.", "grammar": { "*pempsas*": "aorist active participle, nominative, masculine, singular - having sent", "*eipen*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person singular - he said", "*Poreuthentes*": "aorist passive participle, nominative, masculine, plural - having gone", "*akribōs*": "adverb - carefully/exactly/diligently", "*exetasate*": "aorist active imperative, 2nd person plural - search/inquire", "*peri*": "preposition + genitive - concerning", "*paidiou*": "genitive, neuter, singular - of child", "*epan*": "conjunction - when/as soon as", "*de*": "conjunction - and/but", "*heurēte*": "aorist active subjunctive, 2nd person plural - you might find", "*apangeilate*": "aorist active imperative, 2nd person plural - report", "*moi*": "dative, 1st person singular - to me", "*hopōs*": "conjunction - so that/in order that", "*kagō*": "conjunction + pronoun - I also", "*elthōn*": "aorist active participle, nominative, masculine, singular - having come", "*proskynēsō*": "aorist active subjunctive, 1st person singular - I might worship", "*autō*": "dative, masculine, singular - to him" }, "variants": { "*akribōs*": "carefully/exactly/diligently/precisely", "*exetasate*": "search out/inquire/investigate", "*paidiou*": "child/young child/infant", "*proskynēsō*": "worship/pay homage/bow down to" } }
• Matt 23:13 : 13 { "verseID": "Matthew.23.13", "source": "¶Οὐαὶ δὲ ὑμῖν, γραμματεῖς καὶ Φαρισαῖοι, ὑποκριταί! ὅτι κλείετε τὴν βασιλείαν τῶν οὐρανῶν ἔμπροσθεν τῶν ἀνθρώπων: ὑμεῖς γὰρ οὐκ εἰσέρχεσθε, οὐδὲ τοὺς εἰσερχομένους ἀφίετε εἰσελθεῖν.", "text": "*Ouai* *de* to-you, *grammateis* and *Pharisaioi*, *hypokritai*! because *kleiete* the *basileian* of-the *ouranōn* *emprosthen* of-the *anthrōpōn*: you *gar* not *eiserchesthe*, *oude* the ones *eiserchomenous* *aphiete* *eiselthein*.", "grammar": { "*Ouai*": "interjection - woe/alas", "*de*": "conjunctive particle - but/and", "*hymin*": "dative, plural - to you (indirect object)", "*grammateis*": "vocative, masculine, plural - scribes (direct address)", "*Pharisaioi*": "vocative, masculine, plural - Pharisees (direct address)", "*hypokritai*": "vocative, masculine, plural - hypocrites (direct address)", "*hoti*": "conjunction - because/that/since", "*kleiete*": "present, active, indicative, 2nd person plural - you shut/close", "*basileian*": "accusative, feminine, singular - kingdom", "*ouranōn*": "genitive, masculine, plural - of heavens", "*emprosthen*": "preposition with genitive - before/in front of", "*anthrōpōn*": "genitive, masculine, plural - of men/people", "*hymeis*": "nominative, plural - emphatic you (subject)", "*gar*": "conjunction - for/because", "*ouk eiserchesthe*": "present, middle, indicative, 2nd person plural with negative - you do not enter", "*oude*": "negative conjunction - nor/neither/and not", "*eiserchomenous*": "present, middle, participle, accusative, masculine, plural - the ones entering", "*aphiete*": "present, active, indicative, 2nd person plural - you permit/allow", "*eiselthein*": "aorist, active, infinitive - to enter" }, "variants": { "*Ouai*": "woe/alas/grief", "*grammateis*": "scribes/scholars/experts in law", "*Pharisaioi*": "Pharisees/separated ones", "*hypokritai*": "hypocrites/actors/pretenders", "*kleiete*": "shut/close/lock", "*basileian*": "kingdom/reign/rule", "*ouranōn*": "heavens/sky/celestial realm", "*eiserchesthe*": "enter/go in", "*aphiete*": "permit/allow/let", "*eiselthein*": "to enter/go in" } }
• Luke 20:47 : 47 { "verseID": "Luke.20.47", "source": "Οἳ κατεσθίουσιν τὰς οἰκίας τῶν χηρῶν, καὶ προφάσει μακρὰ προσεύχονται: οὗτοι λήψονται περισσότερον κρίμα.", "text": "Who *katesthiousin* the *oikias* of the *chērōn*, and *prophasei makra proseuchontai*: these will *lēpsontai perissoteron krima*.", "grammar": { "*katesthiousin*": "present active, 3rd plural - devour/consume", "*oikias*": "accusative, feminine, plural - houses", "*chērōn*": "genitive, feminine, plural - of widows", "*prophasei*": "dative, feminine, singular - for pretext/pretense", "*makra*": "accusative, neuter, plural - long", "*proseuchontai*": "present middle, 3rd plural - pray", "*lēpsontai*": "future middle, 3rd plural - will receive", "*perissoteron*": "accusative, neuter, singular, comparative - greater", "*krima*": "accusative, neuter, singular - judgment" }, "variants": { "*katesthiousin*": "devour/consume/exploit", "*oikias tōn chērōn*": "houses of widows/widows' possessions", "*prophasei makra proseuchontai*": "for a pretense make long prayers/pray at length for appearance's sake", "*lēpsontai*": "will receive/will get", "*perissoteron krima*": "greater condemnation/more severe judgment/worse punishment" } }
• John 18:28 : 28 { "verseID": "John.18.28", "source": "Ἄγουσιν οὖν τὸν Ἰησοῦν ἀπὸ τοῦ Καϊάφα εἰς τὸ πραιτώριον: ἦν δὲ πρωΐ· καὶ αὐτοὶ οὐκ εἰσῆλθον εἰς τὸ πραιτώριον, ἵνα μὴ μιανθῶσιν· ἀλλʼ ἵνα φάγωσιν τὸ πάσχα.", "text": "*Agousin oun ton Iēsoun apo tou Kaiapha eis to praitōrion*: *ēn de prōi*; and they *ouk eisēlthon eis to praitōrion*, so that *mē mianthōsin*; but so that *phagōsin to pascha*.", "grammar": { "*Agousin*": "present active indicative, 3rd person plural - they lead", "*oun*": "inferential particle - therefore/then", "*ton Iēsoun*": "accusative, masculine, singular - Jesus", "*apo*": "preposition + genitive - from", "*tou Kaiapha*": "genitive, masculine, singular - Caiaphas", "*eis*": "preposition + accusative - to/into", "*to praitōrion*": "accusative, neuter, singular - the Praetorium", "*ēn*": "imperfect active indicative, 3rd person singular - it was", "*de*": "postpositive particle - and/but", "*prōi*": "adverb - early morning", "*kai*": "conjunction - and", "*autoi*": "personal pronoun, nominative, masculine, plural - they", "*ouk*": "negative particle - not", "*eisēlthon*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person plural - entered", "*eis*": "preposition + accusative - into", "*to praitōrion*": "accusative, neuter, singular - the Praetorium", "*hina*": "conjunction - so that", "*mē*": "negative particle - not", "*mianthōsin*": "aorist passive subjunctive, 3rd person plural - they might be defiled", "*all'*": "conjunction - but", "*hina*": "conjunction - so that", "*phagōsin*": "aorist active subjunctive, 3rd person plural - they might eat", "*to pascha*": "accusative, neuter, singular - the Passover" }, "variants": { "*Agousin*": "they lead/they bring/they take", "*oun*": "therefore/then/so", "*apo*": "from/away from", "*Kaiapha*": "Caiaphas (personal name)", "*eis*": "to/into", "*praitōrion*": "Praetorium/governor's headquarters/judgment hall", "*ēn*": "it was", "*de*": "and/but/now", "*prōi*": "early morning/dawn", "*eisēlthon*": "entered/went in", "*hina*": "so that/in order that", "*mianthōsin*": "they might be defiled/become ceremonially unclean", "*all'*": "but/rather", "*phagōsin*": "they might eat/partake of", "*pascha*": "Passover/Passover meal" } }